Rapid and robust identification of bacteria is crucial for environmental monitoring and clinical diagnosis.Herein,a bioinspired interface-mediated multichannel sensor array was developed based on three-coloremitting a...Rapid and robust identification of bacteria is crucial for environmental monitoring and clinical diagnosis.Herein,a bioinspired interface-mediated multichannel sensor array was developed based on three-coloremitting antimicrobial functional carbon dots(FCDs)and concanavalin A doped polydopamine nanoparticles(Con A-PDA)for identification of bacteria.In this sensor,the fluorescence intensity of the three FCDs was quenched by the Con A-PDA.Upon addition different types of bacteria,the fluorescence intensity of the three FCDs was restored or further quenched.Recur to statistical analysis methods,it is employed to accurately discriminate 10 types of bacteria(including three probiotics and seven pathogenic bacteria)in natural water samples and human urine samples.The discrimination ability of the sensor array was highly enhanced via different competing binding of the FCDs and the bacteria toward Con A-PDA.The proposed array-based method offers a rapid,high-throughput,and reliable sensing platform for pathogen diagnosis in the field of environmental monitoring and clinical diagnosis.展开更多
Multimodal information sensing becomes increasingly critical under the rapid development of automation and information technology.With the ability to provide high-density and high-sensitivity pressure detection,pressu...Multimodal information sensing becomes increasingly critical under the rapid development of automation and information technology.With the ability to provide high-density and high-sensitivity pressure detection,pressure sensor arrays have been applied to a variety of fields,including intelligent robotics,medical monitoring,and industrial automation.This study proposes a pressure sensor array system based on the Minecraft game platform.The simulation and testing of the pressure sensor arrays system have been conducted using redstone circuits and pressure plates in Minecraft to simulate real-world piezoelectric pressure sensor arrays.A series of experiments verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the system.展开更多
As information acquisition terminals for artificial olfaction,chemiresistive gas sensors are often troubled by their cross-sensitivity,and reducing their cross-response to ambient gases has always been a difficult and...As information acquisition terminals for artificial olfaction,chemiresistive gas sensors are often troubled by their cross-sensitivity,and reducing their cross-response to ambient gases has always been a difficult and important point in the gas sensing area.Pattern recognition based on sensor array is the most conspicuous way to overcome the cross-sensitivity of gas sensors.It is crucial to choose an appropriate pattern recognition method for enhancing data analysis,reducing errors and improving system reliability,obtaining better classification or gas concentration prediction results.In this review,we analyze the sensing mechanism of crosssensitivity for chemiresistive gas sensors.We further examine the types,working principles,characteristics,and applicable gas detection range of pattern recognition algorithms utilized in gas-sensing arrays.Additionally,we report,summarize,and evaluate the outstanding and novel advancements in pattern recognition methods for gas identification.At the same time,this work showcases the recent advancements in utilizing these methods for gas identification,particularly within three crucial domains:ensuring food safety,monitoring the environment,and aiding in medical diagnosis.In conclusion,this study anticipates future research prospects by considering the existing landscape and challenges.It is hoped that this work will make a positive contribution towards mitigating cross-sensitivity in gas-sensitive devices and offer valuable insights for algorithm selection in gas recognition applications.展开更多
Early non-invasive diagnosis of coronary heart disease(CHD)is critical.However,it is challenging to achieve accurate CHD diagnosis via detecting breath.In this work,heterostructured complexes of black phosphorus(BP)an...Early non-invasive diagnosis of coronary heart disease(CHD)is critical.However,it is challenging to achieve accurate CHD diagnosis via detecting breath.In this work,heterostructured complexes of black phosphorus(BP)and two-dimensional carbide and nitride(MXene)with high gas sensitivity and photo responsiveness were formulated using a self-assembly strategy.A light-activated virtual sensor array(LAVSA)based on BP/Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx was prepared under photomodulation and further assembled into an instant gas sensing platform(IGSP).In addition,a machine learning(ML)algorithm was introduced to help the IGSP detect and recognize the signals of breath samples to diagnose CHD.Due to the synergistic effect of BP and Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx as well as photo excitation,the synthesized heterostructured complexes exhibited higher performance than pristine Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx,with a response value 26%higher than that of pristine Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx.In addition,with the help of a pattern recognition algorithm,LAVSA successfully detected and identified 15 odor molecules affiliated with alcohols,ketones,aldehydes,esters,and acids.Meanwhile,with the assistance of ML,the IGSP achieved 69.2%accuracy in detecting the breath odor of 45 volunteers from healthy people and CHD patients.In conclusion,an immediate,low-cost,and accurate prototype was designed and fabricated for the noninvasive diagnosis of CHD,which provided a generalized solution for diagnosing other diseases and other more complex application scenarios.展开更多
Conventional blood sampling for glucose detection is prone to cause pain and fails to continuously record glucose fluctuations in vivo.Continuous glucose monitoring based on implantable electrodes could induce pain an...Conventional blood sampling for glucose detection is prone to cause pain and fails to continuously record glucose fluctuations in vivo.Continuous glucose monitoring based on implantable electrodes could induce pain and potential tissue inflammation,and the presence of reactive oxygen species(ROS)due to inflammationmay affect glucose detection.Microneedle technology is less invasive,yet microneedle adhesion with skin tissue is limited.In this work,we developed a microarrow sensor array(MASA),which provided enhanced skin surface adhesion and enabled simultaneous detection of glucose and H_(2)O_(2)(representative of ROS)in interstitial fluid in vivo.The microarrows fabricated via laser micromachining were modified with functional coating and integrated into a patch of a three-dimensional(3D)microneedle array.Due to the arrow tip mechanically interlocking with the tissue,the microarrow array could better adhere to the skin surface after penetration into skin.The MASA was demonstrated to provide continuous in vivo monitoring of glucose and H_(2)O_(2) concentrations,with the detection of H_(2)O_(2) providing a valuable reference for assessing the inflammation state.Finally,the MASA was integrated into a monitoring system using custom circuitry.This work provides a promising tool for the stable and reliable monitoring of blood glucose in diabetic patients.展开更多
This paper presents a low?complexity method for the direction?of?arrival(DOA)estimation of noncircular signals for coprime sensor arrays.The noncircular property is exploited to improve the performance of DOA estimati...This paper presents a low?complexity method for the direction?of?arrival(DOA)estimation of noncircular signals for coprime sensor arrays.The noncircular property is exploited to improve the performance of DOA estimation.To reduce the computational complexity,the rotational invariance propagator method(RIPM)is included in the algorithm.First,the extended array output is reconstructed by combining the array output and its conjugated counterpart.Then,the RIPM is utilized to obtain two sets of DOA estimates for two subarrays.Finally,the true DOAs are estimated by combining the consistent results of the two subarrays.This illustrates the potential gain that both noncircularity and coprime arrays provide when considered together.The proposed algorithm has a lower computational complexity and a better DOA estimation performance than the standard estimation of signal parameters by the rotational invariance technique and Capon algorithm.Numerical simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
The full-field multiaxial strain measurement is highly desired for application of structural monitoring but still challenging,especially when the manufacturing and assembling for largearea sensing devices is quite dif...The full-field multiaxial strain measurement is highly desired for application of structural monitoring but still challenging,especially when the manufacturing and assembling for largearea sensing devices is quite difficult.Compared with the traditional procedure of gluing commercial strain gauges on the structure surfaces for strain monitoring,the recently developed Direct-Ink-Writing(DIW)technology provides a feasible way to directly print sensors on the structure.However,there are still crucial issues in the design and printing strategies to be probed and improved.Therefore,in this work,we propose an integrated strategy from layered circuit scheme to rapid manufacturing of strain rosette sensor array based on the DIW technology.Benefit from the innovative design with simplified circuit layout and the advantages of DIW for printing multilayer structures,here we achieve optimization design principle for strain rosette sensor array with scalable circuit layout,which enable a hierarchical printing strategy for multiaxial strain monitoring in large scale or multiple domains.The strategy is highly expected to adapt for the emerging requirement in various applications such as integrated soft electronics,nondestructive testing and small-batch medical devices.展开更多
The passive acoustic localization with planar sensor array is introduced. Based on a method to eliminate the influence of effective sound velocity in passive detection, a new five-sensors solid array and its localizat...The passive acoustic localization with planar sensor array is introduced. Based on a method to eliminate the influence of effective sound velocity in passive detection, a new five-sensors solid array and its localization model are put forward. The factors that influence the precision of the localization are analyzed. Considering the errors from the factors synchronously, the simulation compares the solid array with the planar array. It can be proved that the five-sensor solid array is better than the four-sensor planar array in the estimation of bearing elements.展开更多
In order to meet the requirements for miniaturization detection of oil shale pyrolysis process and solve the problem of low sensitivity of oil and gas detection devices,a small bionic electronic nose system was design...In order to meet the requirements for miniaturization detection of oil shale pyrolysis process and solve the problem of low sensitivity of oil and gas detection devices,a small bionic electronic nose system was designed.Inspired by the working mode of the olfactory receptors in the mouse nasal cavity,the bionic spatial arrangement strategy of the sensor array in the electronic nose chamber was proposed and realized for the first time,the sensor array was used to simulate the distribution of mouse olfactory cells.Using 3D printing technology,a solid model of the electronic nose chamber was manufactured and a comparative test of oil shale pyrolysis gas detection was carried out.The results showed that the proposed spatial arrangement strategy of sensor array inside electronic nose chamber can realize the miniaturization of the electronic nose system,strengthen the detection sensitivity and weaken the mutual interference error.Moreover,it can enhance the recognition rate of the bionic spatial strategy layout,which is higher than the planar layout and spatial comparison layout.This bionic spatial strategy layout combining naive bayes algorithm achieves the highest recognition rate,which is 94.4%.Results obtained from the Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)analysis also indicate that the bionic spatial strategy layout can improve the responses of sensors.展开更多
Pipelines are one of the most important modern energy transportation methods,used especially for the transportation of certain dangerous energy media materials such as crude oil,natural gas,and chemical raw materials....Pipelines are one of the most important modern energy transportation methods,used especially for the transportation of certain dangerous energy media materials such as crude oil,natural gas,and chemical raw materials.New requirements have been put forward for the health monitoring and early security warning of pipelines because of the large-scale and complicated development trend of the pipe network system.To achieve an accurate assessment of the health conditions of pipeline infrastructure,obtaining as many precise operating parameters as possible,particularly at some critical parts of the pipeline,is necessary.Therefore,a novel type of fiber grating strain sensor array is proposed herein to monitor the pipeline hoop strain.The sensor utilizes fiber grating characteristics such as light weight,corrosion resistance,remote transmission,and strong environmental adaptability.The fiber containing the grating measurement points is implanted into the composite material to complete the sensitization encapsulation and protection of the bare fiber grating.The design of the sensor array fulfills the requirements for monitoring pipeline mass data,making it easy to form a pipeline health monitoring sensor network.The sensor sensitivity is researched by using a combination of theoretical and experimental analysis.A sensitivity test,as well as linearity and stability tests,are performed on the sensor.The experimental results show that the average sensitivity of the sensor is 14.86 pm/με,and the error from the theoretical calculation analysis value is 8.75%.Due to its high reliability,good linear response and long-term stability,and the ability to reflect the exact strain change of the outer wall of the pipeline,the designed sensor can support longterm online pipeline monitoring.The fiber grating sensor array network has successfully realized the monitoring of the pipeline’s internal operation by using external strain changes.In addition to the performance benefits,there are other merits associated with the applicability of the sensor namely simple structure,compact size,manufacturing ease,and exterior installation ease.展开更多
A novel portable instrument developed for field determinations of complex mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is described.The key features of the instrument are a miniature multi-stage adsorbent preconcentr...A novel portable instrument developed for field determinations of complex mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is described.The key features of the instrument are a miniature multi-stage adsorbent preconcentrator/focuser,two series-coupled separation columns with pressure and temperature tunable retention control,and an integrated array of four chemiresistor (CR) sensors coated with Au-thiolate monolayer-protected nanoparticles (MPN).MPN-CR array response patterns are used with retention times to identify eluting vapors.Air is used as the carrier gas.Calibrations of 20 common indoor air contaminants gave LODs in the range of 0.05 ng/g～0.53 ng/g for a 1 L sample volume.Results of preliminary analyses of characteristic VOCs generated from U.S.currency as well as vapor-phase markers of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at low-or sub-ng/g levels are presented.展开更多
A novel method based on independent component analyzing (ICA) in frequency domain to distinguish the frequency characteristics of multi-sensor system is presented. The conditions of this type of ICA are considered and...A novel method based on independent component analyzing (ICA) in frequency domain to distinguish the frequency characteristics of multi-sensor system is presented. The conditions of this type of ICA are considered and each step of resolving the problem is discussed. For a two gas sensor array, the frequency characteristics including amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency are recognized by this method, and cross-sensitivity between them is also eliminated. From the principle of similarity, the recognition mean square error is no more than 0.085.展开更多
Recently,the possibility of a disaster due to the improper use of highly toxic gases which are known as agents throughout the world has been increased.Therefore,the development of technology for countermeasure against...Recently,the possibility of a disaster due to the improper use of highly toxic gases which are known as agents throughout the world has been increased.Therefore,the development of technology for countermeasure against CWA has been highly demanded.In this study,thick film SnO_2-based gas sensing devices were prepared and the sensing properties for the four different kinds of simulants such as dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP),acetonitrile,dichloromethane and dipropylene glycol methyl ether have been investigated.And a micro sensor array consists of six devices was prepared using MEMS technology to provide high selective and reliable sensing system for the detection of chemical warfare agents.The micro gas sensor array prepared showed good sensitivity and selectivity to CWA.展开更多
Distributed pressure sensor array is a promising approach for the estimation of flight parameters for small unmanned aerial vehicles.Current flexible pressure sensor arrays are conventionally subjected to limited sens...Distributed pressure sensor array is a promising approach for the estimation of flight parameters for small unmanned aerial vehicles.Current flexible pressure sensor arrays are conventionally subjected to limited sensor resolution,poor bending flexibility,and inadequate packaging protection,resulting in insufficient precision for flight parameter estimation.Here we present a high-resolution differential pressure sensor array using a calorimetric measurement method and a multilayer polyimide bonding technique.The proposed differential pressure sensor array reaches a detection limit of 36.5 mPa over a range of 500 Pa and shows high repeatability when attached to varying curved surfaces.In addition,a superhydrophobic packaging is integrated into the sensor fabrication process,endowing it with waterproof capability.Utilizing a multilayer perceptron neural network,we demonstrated the function of the sensor array in estimating airspeeds and angle of attacks,achieving average solving errors of 0.15 m/s and 0.37°,respectively.展开更多
A 4-sensor folded Sagnac sensor array with an active phase biasing scheme is presented. The overlapping of the signal and noise pulse is avoided through a time division multiplexing scheme and the noise pulses is elim...A 4-sensor folded Sagnac sensor array with an active phase biasing scheme is presented. The overlapping of the signal and noise pulse is avoided through a time division multiplexing scheme and the noise pulses is eliminated almost completely. The scheme can address 16 sensors when the repeat frequency of input pulse is at 68.3 kHz. The alternative phase bias technique is demonstrated, which can provide sensors with stable phase bias. The future benefit of this technique is that the 1/f noise in the circuit can be suppressed.展开更多
Spot welding is affected by many factors and is difficult to monitor the nugget information with single sensor. In this paper, a new monitor system based on sensors array technique was developed for spot welding quali...Spot welding is affected by many factors and is difficult to monitor the nugget information with single sensor. In this paper, a new monitor system based on sensors array technique was developed for spot welding quality detection. The key part in the system is cross magnetic sensor array. It is composed of six magnetic sensors. An improved algorithm was proposed to extract the signal eigenvalue, which was based on principle component analysis. The results show that in the case of the 60 mm experiment, cross magnetic sensor array works well. And when the eigenvalues range of the cross magnetic sensor array is 0. 090 1 - 0. 098 2, the spots quality is good. The analysis of the eigenvalues of the cross magnetic sensor array allows us to determine whether the spot qualty is good or bad.展开更多
This study presents the development and characterization of a nanomechanical gas sensor array with piezoresistive detectors for a wide range of applications.The sensors,made of silicon and polymers and integrated with...This study presents the development and characterization of a nanomechanical gas sensor array with piezoresistive detectors for a wide range of applications.The sensors,made of silicon and polymers and integrated with the piezoresistive sensors on a silicon-on-insulator wafer,convert to electrical signals the stress caused by volume change of polymer induced by gas absorption.The fabrication of the sensors incorporates a process where Polymer A(Polyolefin),Polymer B(Fluorocarbon polymer)Polymer C(Acrylic resin),and Polymer D(Amino polymer),are deposited within silicon slits,demonstrating their distinct responses to various vapor species.These sensors show swift response times and efficient recovery periods,which makes them promising for real-time multiple gas and smell monitoring applications.An array of four nanomechanical sensors with polymers shows high repeatability and sensitivity when subjected to multiple gas exposure and turn-off cycles.The gas sensor arrays,effectively monitoring fish quality over several days,suggest a potential for determining optimal storage and early spoilage detection in perishables.The study demonstrates that the nanomechanical sensor array can accurately distinguish between different gas concentrations using principal component analysis,paving the way for real-time,automated multiple gas detection and analysis without human intervention.展开更多
Rapid and eff ective diff erentiation of cancerous cells is essential for early diagnosis and treatment of tumors.Here,a multichannel sensor array is developed based on four surface-engineered gold-silver nanoclusters...Rapid and eff ective diff erentiation of cancerous cells is essential for early diagnosis and treatment of tumors.Here,a multichannel sensor array is developed based on four surface-engineered gold-silver nanoclusters(AuAgNCs)to discriminate multiple cancerous and normal cells.Diff erent binding a ffinities between various cells and AuAgNCs lead to changes in the intrinsic fluorescence of AuAgNCs as well as their peroxide-like activity.Based on the distinct response of dual fluorescence signals of four AuAgNCs,a multichannel sensor array is established,which is capable of accurately identifying both normal and cancerous cells,even cells of diff erent subtypes and homologous cells from various individuals with high sensitivity.Moreover,this fluorescent clusterzyme-based sensor array enables quantitative detection of cancerous cells(e.g.,HeLa cells)with good performance,which holds great potential as a promising platform for further cancer diagnosis.展开更多
Triboelectric sensor arrays(TSAs),particularly those with stretchability and multiple variables,hold immense potential for advancing human-machine interaction and personalized healthcare.However,existing fabrication m...Triboelectric sensor arrays(TSAs),particularly those with stretchability and multiple variables,hold immense potential for advancing human-machine interaction and personalized healthcare.However,existing fabrication methods often suffer from complex instrumentation,material limitations,and inefficiencies that hinder rapid prototyping.In this work,a low-cost and scalable one-step casting strategy is proposed for fabricating a stretchable TSA using Ecoflex and a conductive sponge electrode.A single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator was systematically optimized in terms of surface morphology,electrode thickness,and Ecoflex thickness,achieving an output voltage of~640 V,a short-circuit current of~7.5μA,and a peak power density of 2.82 W/m^(2),with stable performance over 12,000 cycles.Notably,the device maintained functionality under 125%strain and exhibited enhanced output at 56.25%strain,demonstrating excellent mechanical stability and robustness.Scalable TSA configurations ranging from 2×2 to 4×4 pixels were developed for multifunctional sensing applications:a 2×2 TSA enabled light-emitting diode(LED)control and real-time visual positioning;a 4×4 TSA was used as a self-powered keyboard for numerical input;and a 3×3 TSA integrated with a LabVIEW interface allowed touchscreen-like motion tracking.For gait monitoring,a 2×2 TSA-integrated insole mapped plantar pressure and achieved 99.435%user identification accuracy using a lightweight one-dimensional convolutional neural network(1D-CNN).When extended to multi-gait sensing modes(slow/normal walking,slow running),a MobileNetV4 model with channel attention achieved 96.531%accuracy across 12 identity-activity combinations.This work demonstrates a versatile and accessible platform for scalable,self-powered stretchable electronics,with broad implications for wearable systems,soft robotics,and artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted healthcare.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22376057,22174048,22274048,22274045,22274047,and 21904039)the Foundation of the Science&Technology Department of Hunan Province(Nos.2023JJ30394 and2023ZJ1123)。
文摘Rapid and robust identification of bacteria is crucial for environmental monitoring and clinical diagnosis.Herein,a bioinspired interface-mediated multichannel sensor array was developed based on three-coloremitting antimicrobial functional carbon dots(FCDs)and concanavalin A doped polydopamine nanoparticles(Con A-PDA)for identification of bacteria.In this sensor,the fluorescence intensity of the three FCDs was quenched by the Con A-PDA.Upon addition different types of bacteria,the fluorescence intensity of the three FCDs was restored or further quenched.Recur to statistical analysis methods,it is employed to accurately discriminate 10 types of bacteria(including three probiotics and seven pathogenic bacteria)in natural water samples and human urine samples.The discrimination ability of the sensor array was highly enhanced via different competing binding of the FCDs and the bacteria toward Con A-PDA.The proposed array-based method offers a rapid,high-throughput,and reliable sensing platform for pathogen diagnosis in the field of environmental monitoring and clinical diagnosis.
文摘Multimodal information sensing becomes increasingly critical under the rapid development of automation and information technology.With the ability to provide high-density and high-sensitivity pressure detection,pressure sensor arrays have been applied to a variety of fields,including intelligent robotics,medical monitoring,and industrial automation.This study proposes a pressure sensor array system based on the Minecraft game platform.The simulation and testing of the pressure sensor arrays system have been conducted using redstone circuits and pressure plates in Minecraft to simulate real-world piezoelectric pressure sensor arrays.A series of experiments verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the system.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB3200400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62371299,62301314,and 62020106006)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M732198).
文摘As information acquisition terminals for artificial olfaction,chemiresistive gas sensors are often troubled by their cross-sensitivity,and reducing their cross-response to ambient gases has always been a difficult and important point in the gas sensing area.Pattern recognition based on sensor array is the most conspicuous way to overcome the cross-sensitivity of gas sensors.It is crucial to choose an appropriate pattern recognition method for enhancing data analysis,reducing errors and improving system reliability,obtaining better classification or gas concentration prediction results.In this review,we analyze the sensing mechanism of crosssensitivity for chemiresistive gas sensors.We further examine the types,working principles,characteristics,and applicable gas detection range of pattern recognition algorithms utilized in gas-sensing arrays.Additionally,we report,summarize,and evaluate the outstanding and novel advancements in pattern recognition methods for gas identification.At the same time,this work showcases the recent advancements in utilizing these methods for gas identification,particularly within three crucial domains:ensuring food safety,monitoring the environment,and aiding in medical diagnosis.In conclusion,this study anticipates future research prospects by considering the existing landscape and challenges.It is hoped that this work will make a positive contribution towards mitigating cross-sensitivity in gas-sensitive devices and offer valuable insights for algorithm selection in gas recognition applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278241)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0901700)+1 种基金a grant from the Institute Guo Qiang,Tsinghua University(2021GQG1016)Department of Chemical Engineering-iBHE Joint Cooperation Fund.
文摘Early non-invasive diagnosis of coronary heart disease(CHD)is critical.However,it is challenging to achieve accurate CHD diagnosis via detecting breath.In this work,heterostructured complexes of black phosphorus(BP)and two-dimensional carbide and nitride(MXene)with high gas sensitivity and photo responsiveness were formulated using a self-assembly strategy.A light-activated virtual sensor array(LAVSA)based on BP/Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx was prepared under photomodulation and further assembled into an instant gas sensing platform(IGSP).In addition,a machine learning(ML)algorithm was introduced to help the IGSP detect and recognize the signals of breath samples to diagnose CHD.Due to the synergistic effect of BP and Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx as well as photo excitation,the synthesized heterostructured complexes exhibited higher performance than pristine Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx,with a response value 26%higher than that of pristine Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx.In addition,with the help of a pattern recognition algorithm,LAVSA successfully detected and identified 15 odor molecules affiliated with alcohols,ketones,aldehydes,esters,and acids.Meanwhile,with the assistance of ML,the IGSP achieved 69.2%accuracy in detecting the breath odor of 45 volunteers from healthy people and CHD patients.In conclusion,an immediate,low-cost,and accurate prototype was designed and fabricated for the noninvasive diagnosis of CHD,which provided a generalized solution for diagnosing other diseases and other more complex application scenarios.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2021YFF1200700 and 2021YFA0911100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32171399,32171456,and T2225010)+6 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021A1515012261)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China(No.202103000076)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-Sen University(No.22dfx02),and Pazhou Lab,Guangzhou(No.PZL2021KF0003)FML would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32171335 and 31900954)JL would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62105380)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M693686)QQOY would like to thank the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M713645).
文摘Conventional blood sampling for glucose detection is prone to cause pain and fails to continuously record glucose fluctuations in vivo.Continuous glucose monitoring based on implantable electrodes could induce pain and potential tissue inflammation,and the presence of reactive oxygen species(ROS)due to inflammationmay affect glucose detection.Microneedle technology is less invasive,yet microneedle adhesion with skin tissue is limited.In this work,we developed a microarrow sensor array(MASA),which provided enhanced skin surface adhesion and enabled simultaneous detection of glucose and H_(2)O_(2)(representative of ROS)in interstitial fluid in vivo.The microarrows fabricated via laser micromachining were modified with functional coating and integrated into a patch of a three-dimensional(3D)microneedle array.Due to the arrow tip mechanically interlocking with the tissue,the microarrow array could better adhere to the skin surface after penetration into skin.The MASA was demonstrated to provide continuous in vivo monitoring of glucose and H_(2)O_(2) concentrations,with the detection of H_(2)O_(2) providing a valuable reference for assessing the inflammation state.Finally,the MASA was integrated into a monitoring system using custom circuitry.This work provides a promising tool for the stable and reliable monitoring of blood glucose in diabetic patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China (Nos.61371169,61601167, 61601504)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BK20161489)+1 种基金the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University (No. K201826)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. NE2017103)
文摘This paper presents a low?complexity method for the direction?of?arrival(DOA)estimation of noncircular signals for coprime sensor arrays.The noncircular property is exploited to improve the performance of DOA estimation.To reduce the computational complexity,the rotational invariance propagator method(RIPM)is included in the algorithm.First,the extended array output is reconstructed by combining the array output and its conjugated counterpart.Then,the RIPM is utilized to obtain two sets of DOA estimates for two subarrays.Finally,the true DOAs are estimated by combining the consistent results of the two subarrays.This illustrates the potential gain that both noncircularity and coprime arrays provide when considered together.The proposed algorithm has a lower computational complexity and a better DOA estimation performance than the standard estimation of signal parameters by the rotational invariance technique and Capon algorithm.Numerical simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11972171)the Sixth Phase of Jiangsu Province“333 High Level Talent Training Project”Second Level Talents,Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.BK20180031)+2 种基金State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics of China(Grant No.MCMS-E-0422G04)Open Fund of Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education NJ2020003(Grant No.INMD-2021M05)111 Project(Grant No.B18027).
文摘The full-field multiaxial strain measurement is highly desired for application of structural monitoring but still challenging,especially when the manufacturing and assembling for largearea sensing devices is quite difficult.Compared with the traditional procedure of gluing commercial strain gauges on the structure surfaces for strain monitoring,the recently developed Direct-Ink-Writing(DIW)technology provides a feasible way to directly print sensors on the structure.However,there are still crucial issues in the design and printing strategies to be probed and improved.Therefore,in this work,we propose an integrated strategy from layered circuit scheme to rapid manufacturing of strain rosette sensor array based on the DIW technology.Benefit from the innovative design with simplified circuit layout and the advantages of DIW for printing multilayer structures,here we achieve optimization design principle for strain rosette sensor array with scalable circuit layout,which enable a hierarchical printing strategy for multiaxial strain monitoring in large scale or multiple domains.The strategy is highly expected to adapt for the emerging requirement in various applications such as integrated soft electronics,nondestructive testing and small-batch medical devices.
文摘The passive acoustic localization with planar sensor array is introduced. Based on a method to eliminate the influence of effective sound velocity in passive detection, a new five-sensors solid array and its localization model are put forward. The factors that influence the precision of the localization are analyzed. Considering the errors from the factors synchronously, the simulation compares the solid array with the planar array. It can be proved that the five-sensor solid array is better than the four-sensor planar array in the estimation of bearing elements.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundof China(51875245)the Science-Technology Development Plan Project of Jilin Province(20190303012SF,20190303118SF and 20190201019JC)+2 种基金the Special Project of Industrial Technology Research and Development of Jilin Province(2018C036-2)the“13th Five-Year Plan”Scientific Research Foundation of the Education Department of Jilin Province(JJKH20201000KJ and JJKH20201019KJ)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘In order to meet the requirements for miniaturization detection of oil shale pyrolysis process and solve the problem of low sensitivity of oil and gas detection devices,a small bionic electronic nose system was designed.Inspired by the working mode of the olfactory receptors in the mouse nasal cavity,the bionic spatial arrangement strategy of the sensor array in the electronic nose chamber was proposed and realized for the first time,the sensor array was used to simulate the distribution of mouse olfactory cells.Using 3D printing technology,a solid model of the electronic nose chamber was manufactured and a comparative test of oil shale pyrolysis gas detection was carried out.The results showed that the proposed spatial arrangement strategy of sensor array inside electronic nose chamber can realize the miniaturization of the electronic nose system,strengthen the detection sensitivity and weaken the mutual interference error.Moreover,it can enhance the recognition rate of the bionic spatial strategy layout,which is higher than the planar layout and spatial comparison layout.This bionic spatial strategy layout combining naive bayes algorithm achieves the highest recognition rate,which is 94.4%.Results obtained from the Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)analysis also indicate that the bionic spatial strategy layout can improve the responses of sensors.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grants 2018YFF0214700)Hubei Province Science and Technology Special Major Project(2016AAA008)New Research and Development Agency Project of Zhongshan Science and Technology Bureau(2017F2FC003)in China.
文摘Pipelines are one of the most important modern energy transportation methods,used especially for the transportation of certain dangerous energy media materials such as crude oil,natural gas,and chemical raw materials.New requirements have been put forward for the health monitoring and early security warning of pipelines because of the large-scale and complicated development trend of the pipe network system.To achieve an accurate assessment of the health conditions of pipeline infrastructure,obtaining as many precise operating parameters as possible,particularly at some critical parts of the pipeline,is necessary.Therefore,a novel type of fiber grating strain sensor array is proposed herein to monitor the pipeline hoop strain.The sensor utilizes fiber grating characteristics such as light weight,corrosion resistance,remote transmission,and strong environmental adaptability.The fiber containing the grating measurement points is implanted into the composite material to complete the sensitization encapsulation and protection of the bare fiber grating.The design of the sensor array fulfills the requirements for monitoring pipeline mass data,making it easy to form a pipeline health monitoring sensor network.The sensor sensitivity is researched by using a combination of theoretical and experimental analysis.A sensitivity test,as well as linearity and stability tests,are performed on the sensor.The experimental results show that the average sensitivity of the sensor is 14.86 pm/με,and the error from the theoretical calculation analysis value is 8.75%.Due to its high reliability,good linear response and long-term stability,and the ability to reflect the exact strain change of the outer wall of the pipeline,the designed sensor can support longterm online pipeline monitoring.The fiber grating sensor array network has successfully realized the monitoring of the pipeline’s internal operation by using external strain changes.In addition to the performance benefits,there are other merits associated with the applicability of the sensor namely simple structure,compact size,manufacturing ease,and exterior installation ease.
文摘A novel portable instrument developed for field determinations of complex mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is described.The key features of the instrument are a miniature multi-stage adsorbent preconcentrator/focuser,two series-coupled separation columns with pressure and temperature tunable retention control,and an integrated array of four chemiresistor (CR) sensors coated with Au-thiolate monolayer-protected nanoparticles (MPN).MPN-CR array response patterns are used with retention times to identify eluting vapors.Air is used as the carrier gas.Calibrations of 20 common indoor air contaminants gave LODs in the range of 0.05 ng/g～0.53 ng/g for a 1 L sample volume.Results of preliminary analyses of characteristic VOCs generated from U.S.currency as well as vapor-phase markers of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at low-or sub-ng/g levels are presented.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No60276037)
文摘A novel method based on independent component analyzing (ICA) in frequency domain to distinguish the frequency characteristics of multi-sensor system is presented. The conditions of this type of ICA are considered and each step of resolving the problem is discussed. For a two gas sensor array, the frequency characteristics including amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency are recognized by this method, and cross-sensitivity between them is also eliminated. From the principle of similarity, the recognition mean square error is no more than 0.085.
文摘Recently,the possibility of a disaster due to the improper use of highly toxic gases which are known as agents throughout the world has been increased.Therefore,the development of technology for countermeasure against CWA has been highly demanded.In this study,thick film SnO_2-based gas sensing devices were prepared and the sensing properties for the four different kinds of simulants such as dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP),acetonitrile,dichloromethane and dipropylene glycol methyl ether have been investigated.And a micro sensor array consists of six devices was prepared using MEMS technology to provide high selective and reliable sensing system for the detection of chemical warfare agents.The micro gas sensor array prepared showed good sensitivity and selectivity to CWA.
基金supported financially by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.T2121003,U23A20638.)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3208000,2023YFB3208001).
文摘Distributed pressure sensor array is a promising approach for the estimation of flight parameters for small unmanned aerial vehicles.Current flexible pressure sensor arrays are conventionally subjected to limited sensor resolution,poor bending flexibility,and inadequate packaging protection,resulting in insufficient precision for flight parameter estimation.Here we present a high-resolution differential pressure sensor array using a calorimetric measurement method and a multilayer polyimide bonding technique.The proposed differential pressure sensor array reaches a detection limit of 36.5 mPa over a range of 500 Pa and shows high repeatability when attached to varying curved surfaces.In addition,a superhydrophobic packaging is integrated into the sensor fabrication process,endowing it with waterproof capability.Utilizing a multilayer perceptron neural network,we demonstrated the function of the sensor array in estimating airspeeds and angle of attacks,achieving average solving errors of 0.15 m/s and 0.37°,respectively.
基金supported by the National University of Defense Technology under Grant No. jc08-07-01.
文摘A 4-sensor folded Sagnac sensor array with an active phase biasing scheme is presented. The overlapping of the signal and noise pulse is avoided through a time division multiplexing scheme and the noise pulses is eliminated almost completely. The scheme can address 16 sensors when the repeat frequency of input pulse is at 68.3 kHz. The alternative phase bias technique is demonstrated, which can provide sensors with stable phase bias. The future benefit of this technique is that the 1/f noise in the circuit can be suppressed.
基金This work was supported by Project of National 863 High Technology of China （ No. 2008AA04Z136 ）, Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China（ No. 50975197）.
文摘Spot welding is affected by many factors and is difficult to monitor the nugget information with single sensor. In this paper, a new monitor system based on sensors array technique was developed for spot welding quality detection. The key part in the system is cross magnetic sensor array. It is composed of six magnetic sensors. An improved algorithm was proposed to extract the signal eigenvalue, which was based on principle component analysis. The results show that in the case of the 60 mm experiment, cross magnetic sensor array works well. And when the eigenvalues range of the cross magnetic sensor array is 0. 090 1 - 0. 098 2, the spots quality is good. The analysis of the eigenvalues of the cross magnetic sensor array allows us to determine whether the spot qualty is good or bad.
基金supported partly by Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas,Grant No.24H02231the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development(AMED),Grant No.JP21zf0127001+1 种基金Cross-Ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program(SIP),with funding provided by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization(NEDO)supported in part by the Micro/Nanomachining Education Center,Tohoku University.
文摘This study presents the development and characterization of a nanomechanical gas sensor array with piezoresistive detectors for a wide range of applications.The sensors,made of silicon and polymers and integrated with the piezoresistive sensors on a silicon-on-insulator wafer,convert to electrical signals the stress caused by volume change of polymer induced by gas absorption.The fabrication of the sensors incorporates a process where Polymer A(Polyolefin),Polymer B(Fluorocarbon polymer)Polymer C(Acrylic resin),and Polymer D(Amino polymer),are deposited within silicon slits,demonstrating their distinct responses to various vapor species.These sensors show swift response times and efficient recovery periods,which makes them promising for real-time multiple gas and smell monitoring applications.An array of four nanomechanical sensors with polymers shows high repeatability and sensitivity when subjected to multiple gas exposure and turn-off cycles.The gas sensor arrays,effectively monitoring fish quality over several days,suggest a potential for determining optimal storage and early spoilage detection in perishables.The study demonstrates that the nanomechanical sensor array can accurately distinguish between different gas concentrations using principal component analysis,paving the way for real-time,automated multiple gas detection and analysis without human intervention.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22274131)the Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Chemistry&Biology(22JHQ071)。
文摘Rapid and eff ective diff erentiation of cancerous cells is essential for early diagnosis and treatment of tumors.Here,a multichannel sensor array is developed based on four surface-engineered gold-silver nanoclusters(AuAgNCs)to discriminate multiple cancerous and normal cells.Diff erent binding a ffinities between various cells and AuAgNCs lead to changes in the intrinsic fluorescence of AuAgNCs as well as their peroxide-like activity.Based on the distinct response of dual fluorescence signals of four AuAgNCs,a multichannel sensor array is established,which is capable of accurately identifying both normal and cancerous cells,even cells of diff erent subtypes and homologous cells from various individuals with high sensitivity.Moreover,this fluorescent clusterzyme-based sensor array enables quantitative detection of cancerous cells(e.g.,HeLa cells)with good performance,which holds great potential as a promising platform for further cancer diagnosis.
基金granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62301479).
文摘Triboelectric sensor arrays(TSAs),particularly those with stretchability and multiple variables,hold immense potential for advancing human-machine interaction and personalized healthcare.However,existing fabrication methods often suffer from complex instrumentation,material limitations,and inefficiencies that hinder rapid prototyping.In this work,a low-cost and scalable one-step casting strategy is proposed for fabricating a stretchable TSA using Ecoflex and a conductive sponge electrode.A single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator was systematically optimized in terms of surface morphology,electrode thickness,and Ecoflex thickness,achieving an output voltage of~640 V,a short-circuit current of~7.5μA,and a peak power density of 2.82 W/m^(2),with stable performance over 12,000 cycles.Notably,the device maintained functionality under 125%strain and exhibited enhanced output at 56.25%strain,demonstrating excellent mechanical stability and robustness.Scalable TSA configurations ranging from 2×2 to 4×4 pixels were developed for multifunctional sensing applications:a 2×2 TSA enabled light-emitting diode(LED)control and real-time visual positioning;a 4×4 TSA was used as a self-powered keyboard for numerical input;and a 3×3 TSA integrated with a LabVIEW interface allowed touchscreen-like motion tracking.For gait monitoring,a 2×2 TSA-integrated insole mapped plantar pressure and achieved 99.435%user identification accuracy using a lightweight one-dimensional convolutional neural network(1D-CNN).When extended to multi-gait sensing modes(slow/normal walking,slow running),a MobileNetV4 model with channel attention achieved 96.531%accuracy across 12 identity-activity combinations.This work demonstrates a versatile and accessible platform for scalable,self-powered stretchable electronics,with broad implications for wearable systems,soft robotics,and artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted healthcare.
