In the presence of mixed micelle of a cationic and a nonionic surfactants,the reaction of scandium(Ⅲ) with phenylfluorone or its derivatives results in a very sensitive colouration:furthermore this chromophoric syste...In the presence of mixed micelle of a cationic and a nonionic surfactants,the reaction of scandium(Ⅲ) with phenylfluorone or its derivatives results in a very sensitive colouration:furthermore this chromophoric system tolerates the existence of a considerable amount of masking agents,so that many interfering ions can be masked and its selectivity would be further improved.After studying the optimum conditions and main charac- ters of some similar systems,the system of Sc(Ⅲ)—Orthonitrophenyuorone—Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide(CTMAB)—Triton X-200 is chosen for the spectrophotometric determination of microamount of scandium.The proposed method shows not only high sensitivity(with a molar absorptivity of 2.12×1~sL mol^(-1)·cm^(-1))and selectivity,but also high tolerance of chromophoric conditions.Beer's law is obeyed over a range of 0～6.0 μg Sc/25ml.If the dual-wavelength method is applied,a much higher molar absorptivity o|' 3.04×10~5L·mol^(-1)·cm^(-1)than those of other systems ever reported in the literatures can be attained:more- over.its linear range is extended to 0～8.0 μg Sc/25ml and its reproducibility is also improved.展开更多
The long persistent phosphors of Zr_(0.97)P_(2)O_(7):0.018 Tb^(3+),0.012 Nd^(3+)with Nd^(3+)as sensitized ions and Tb^(3+)as emission centers were synthesized using high temperature solid state reaction.The crystal st...The long persistent phosphors of Zr_(0.97)P_(2)O_(7):0.018 Tb^(3+),0.012 Nd^(3+)with Nd^(3+)as sensitized ions and Tb^(3+)as emission centers were synthesized using high temperature solid state reaction.The crystal structure and defects,excitation and emission spectra,decay curves and thermoluminescence(TL) curves of the phosphors were investigated.The synthesized Zr_(0.97)P_(2)O_(7):0.018 Tb^(3+),0.012 Nd^(3+)is essentially in line with the standard card PDF#49-1079.The emission band with main peak at 548 nm exhibits the characteristic transitions of ^(5)D_(3)-^(7)F_(j)(j=5,4) and ^(5)D_(3)-^(7)F_(j)(j=6,5,4,3) of Tb^(3+).The analysis of excitation and emission spectra shows that there exists the overlap between the emission peaks of Nd^(3+)at 466 and 485 nm and the excitation of Tb^(3+)at 443 and 485 nm,and the energy transfer from Nd^(3+)to Tb^(3+)plays an important role in the improvement of luminescence properties.The decay curves shows that Zr_(0.97)P_(2)O_(7):0.018 Tb^(3+),0.012 Nd^(3+)has longer afterglow time than ZrP_(2)O_(7) and Zr_(0.982)P_(2)O_(7):0.018 Tb^(3+).Additionally,the TL curves indicate that the trap depth at 0.72 eV in Zr_(0.97)P_(2)O_(7):0.018 Tb^(3+),0.012 Nd^(3+)is to the benefit of the afterglow time.The possible luminescence mechanism of ZrP_(2)O_(7):Tb^(3+),Nd^(3+)is proposed on the basis of the XPS spectra,EPR spectra,excitation and emission spectra,decay curves,TL curves and the analysis of defect equations.展开更多
Combining hyperthermia and chemotherapy for maximum anticancer efficacy remains a challenge because drugtolerant cancer cells often evade this synergistic treatment due to drug resistance and asynchronous drug release...Combining hyperthermia and chemotherapy for maximum anticancer efficacy remains a challenge because drugtolerant cancer cells often evade this synergistic treatment due to drug resistance and asynchronous drug release.In this study,multifunctional scaffolds were designed to efficiently treat drug-tolerant breast cancer by improving the sensitization of breast cancer cells and synchronizing anticancer drug release with magnetic hyperthermia.The scaffolds contained microRNA-encapsulated matrix metalloproteinase-cleavable liposomes,doxorubicin-encapsulated thermoresponsive liposomes and Fe_(3)O_(4)nanoparticles.The scaffolds could release microRNA specifically to improve the sensitization of breast cancer cells to anticancer drugs.The scaffolds also showed excellent hyperthermia effects under alternating magnetic field irradiation.Moreover,doxorubicin release was synchronized with magnetic hyperthermia.In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that the scaffolds effectively reduced drug resistance and eliminated doxorubicin-tolerant MDA-MB-231 cells through the syner-gistic effect of magnetic hyperthermia and sensitizing chemotherapy.Additionally,the scaffolds could support the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of stem cells for adipose tissue regeneration after killing cancer cells at a late therapeutic stage.These composite scaffolds offer an innovative strategy for treating breast cancer,with synergistic anticancer effects and regenerative functions.展开更多
Radiotherapy(RT)is one of the most feasible and routinely used therapeutic modalities for treating malignant tumors.In particular,immune responses triggered by RT,known as radio-immunotherapy,can partially inhibit the...Radiotherapy(RT)is one of the most feasible and routinely used therapeutic modalities for treating malignant tumors.In particular,immune responses triggered by RT,known as radio-immunotherapy,can partially inhibit the growth of distantly spreading tumors and recurrent tumors.How-ever,the safety and efficacy of radio-immunotherapy is impeded by the radio-resistance and poor immu-nogenicity of tumor.Herein,we report oxaliplatin(IV)-iron bimetallic nanoparticles(OXA/Fe NPs)as cascade sensitizing amplifiers for low-dose and robust radio-immunotherapy.The OXA/Fe NPs exhibit tumor-specific accumulation and activation of OXA(I)and Fe^(2+)in response to the reductive and acidic microenvironment within tumor cells.The cascade reactions of the released metallic drugs can sensitize RT by inducing DNA damage,increasing ROS and O_(2) levels,and amplifying the immunogenic cell death(ICD)effect after RT to facilitate potent immune activation.As a result,OXA/Fe NPs-based low-dose RT triggered a robust immune response and inhibited the distant and metastatic tumors effectively by a strong abscopal effect.Moreover,a long-term immunological memory effect to protect mice from tumor rechal-lenging is observed.Overall,the bimetallic NPs-based cascade sensitizing amplifier system offers an effi-cient radio-immunotherapy regimen that addresses the key challenges.展开更多
A series of 2 benzyl 1,3 dicabonyl derivatives was synthesized. Their insulin sensitizing activity was evaluated in 3T3 L1 preadipocyte cells. Compounds 3, 26 and 27 were found to possess strong insulin sens...A series of 2 benzyl 1,3 dicabonyl derivatives was synthesized. Their insulin sensitizing activity was evaluated in 3T3 L1 preadipocyte cells. Compounds 3, 26 and 27 were found to possess strong insulin sensitizing activity in vitro and were selected for further hypoglycemic evaluation in vivo.展开更多
Objective To explore the role of miR-202 in multiple myeloma(MM)cells,and study the regulation of miR-202 on drug sensitivity of MM cells.Methods miR-202 and BAFF mRNA levels were detected by real-time PCR.U266 cells ...Objective To explore the role of miR-202 in multiple myeloma(MM)cells,and study the regulation of miR-202 on drug sensitivity of MM cells.Methods miR-202 and BAFF mRNA levels were detected by real-time PCR.U266 cells were transfected with miR-202-mimics,miR-202-inhibitor,siB AFF and their negative controls.展开更多
The fluorescence spectra of three different dyes adsorbed on the tabular and cubic AgBr microcrystals are obtained by the picosecond time-resolved streak camera technique. The dependence of the ultrafast electron tran...The fluorescence spectra of three different dyes adsorbed on the tabular and cubic AgBr microcrystals are obtained by the picosecond time-resolved streak camera technique. The dependence of the ultrafast electron transferring from dye-aggre-gates to the conduction band of AgBr and the efficiency of spectral sensitization on different kinds of dyes with different concentrations is analyzed. Further more,the microcosmic mechanism of the sensitization process is discussed. It is found that the fluorescence decay curves are fitted very well by the double exponential func-tion,consisting of a slow component and a fast one with large amplitude. We con-sider this fast one mainly attributable to the electron transfer from dye J-aggre-gates to the conduction band of AgBr.展开更多
Menstrual hygiene products(MHPs)like tampons,sanitary towels and panty liners are widely used by women and come in close contact with the intimate parts of the human body,which consist of mucosae that lack the importa...Menstrual hygiene products(MHPs)like tampons,sanitary towels and panty liners are widely used by women and come in close contact with the intimate parts of the human body,which consist of mucosae that lack the important barrier function of normal skin.Hence,substances leaching from MHP can easily penetrate and become systemically available.This study aims to develop a new in chemico methodology that allows to identify and measure realistic consumer exposure levels of several skin sensitizers and irritants leaching from MHPs under simulated use conditions.To assess the leaching of chemicals from MHPs,a menstrual fluid simulant(MFS)simulating pH,osmolarity and protein binding was first established.Subsequently,an analytical methodology was developed for nine well-known skin sensitizers and skin irritants.In short,the MFS samples underwent salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction before ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis.Validation was performed according to the total error approach with acceptability limits of±15%regarding the total analytical error(including systematic and random bias).Fifteen commercially available MHPs were assessed.Six products were found to leach at least one of the following five sensitizing and irritating compounds:a-isomethyl ionone,benzyl salicylate,hexyl cinnamaldehyde,linalool and piperonal.Piperonal was the most abundant compound leaching from the MHPs,with leaching concentration levels measured to 28.22 mg/g.In addition,the leaching level of benzyl salicylate was found to be 11.03 mg/g.The latter fragrance concentration is above 10 mg/g and would trigger mandatory labelling if the Cosmetic Regulation would apply for MHPs.However,none of the identified and quantified skin sensitizers were mentioned on the packaging.In conclusion,this novel methodology makes it possible to estimate realistic human exposure levels to skin sensitizers and irritants through the use of MHPs.Availability of these exposure estimates is vital to carry out a quantitative health risk assessment of these substances.展开更多
To investigate the mechanisms of apigenin(API)and proanthocyanidins(PC)in soothing sensitive skin(SS),a mast cell degranulation model was established by stimulating RBL-2H3 cells with the calcium ionophore A23187.Base...To investigate the mechanisms of apigenin(API)and proanthocyanidins(PC)in soothing sensitive skin(SS),a mast cell degranulation model was established by stimulating RBL-2H3 cells with the calcium ionophore A23187.Based on the combinatorial experiments,it was found that when API and PC were combined at the molar ratios of 4∶1 and 2∶1,they exhibited the antagonistic effects on histamine release(combination index CI>1);when they are combined at the molar ratios of 1∶1,1∶2 or 1∶4,they showed the synergistic effects on histamine release(CI<1).Among them,the combination of API and PC at a molar ratio of 1∶1 showed the better potent synergistic antihistamine release effect(CI=0.70).Histamine is a hallmark of the mast cell degranulation,consequently,the combination of API and PC at a molar ratio of 1∶1 yields the better efficiency in inhibiting the mast cell degranulation with the lowest IC_(50)value.Compared to the utilization of API or PC alone,the IC_(50)value was reduced by 11.150 and 6.503μmol/L,respectively.Compared to the positive control paeonol(PA),the treatment with the combination significantly reduced theβ-hex secretion,decreased the F-actin cytoskeleton rearrangement,and markedly suppressed the release of TNF-α,IL-4,and MCP-1.Further studies on the signaling pathways related to the mast cell degranulation indicated that the combination effectively inhibited the intracellular Ca^(2+)influx and significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase(CaMK)and phospholipase C/protein kinase C(PLC/PKC).In summary,the combination of API and PC at a molar ratio of 1∶1 exhibited the better synergistic antagonistic effect on the histamine release,inhibited the mast cell degranulation model activation by reducing Ca^(2+)influx and inhibiting the activation of Ca^(2+)/CaMK and PLC/PKC pathways,stabilized the cell membranes,regulated the inflammatory factor secretion,and exerted an effect in alleviating sensitive skin.展开更多
Persistent toxic substances(PTS)represent a paramount environmental issue in the 21st century.Understanding the concentrations and forms of PTS in the environment is crucial for accurately assessing their environmenta...Persistent toxic substances(PTS)represent a paramount environmental issue in the 21st century.Understanding the concentrations and forms of PTS in the environment is crucial for accurately assessing their environmental health impacts.This article presents a concise overview of the components of PTS,pertinent environmental regulations,and conventional detection methodologies.Additionally,we offer an in-depth review of the principles,development,and practical applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)in environmental monitoring,emphasizing the advancements in detecting trace amounts of PTS in complex environmental matrices.Recent progress in enhancing SERS sensitivity,improving selectivity,and practical implementations are detailed,showcasing innovative materials and methods.Integrating SERS with advanced algorithms are highlighted as pivotal areas for future research.展开更多
Excellent detonation performances and low sensitivity are prerequisites for the deployment of energetic materials.Exploring the underlying factors that affect impact sensitivity and detonation performances as well as ...Excellent detonation performances and low sensitivity are prerequisites for the deployment of energetic materials.Exploring the underlying factors that affect impact sensitivity and detonation performances as well as exploring how to obtain materials with desired properties remains a long-term challenge.Machine learning with its ability to solve complex tasks and perform robust data processing can reveal the relationship between performance and descriptive indicators,potentially accelerating the development process of energetic materials.In this background,impact sensitivity,detonation performances,and 28 physicochemical parameters for 222 energetic materials from density functional theory calculations and published literature were sorted out.Four machine learning algorithms were employed to predict various properties of energetic materials,including impact sensitivity,detonation velocity,detonation pressure,and Gurney energy.Analysis of Pearson coefficients and feature importance showed that the heat of explosion,oxygen balance,decomposition products,and HOMO energy levels have a strong correlation with the impact sensitivity of energetic materials.Oxygen balance,decomposition products,and density have a strong correlation with detonation performances.Utilizing impact sensitivity of 2,3,4-trinitrotoluene and the detonation performances of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3,5-triamine as the benchmark,the analysis of feature importance rankings and statistical data revealed the optimal range of key features balancing impact sensitivity and detonation performances:oxygen balance values should be between-40%and-30%,density should range from 1.66 to 1.72 g/cm^(3),HOMO energy levels should be between-6.34 and-6.31 eV,and lipophilicity should be between-1.0 and 0.1,4.49 and 5.59.These findings not only offer important insights into the impact sensitivity and detonation performances of energetic materials,but also provide a theoretical guidance paradigm for the design and development of new energetic materials with optimal detonation performances and reduced sensitivity.展开更多
Increasing temperatures and severe droughts threaten forest vitality globally.Prediction of forest response to climate change requires knowledge of the spatiotemporal patterns of monthly or seasonal climatic impacts o...Increasing temperatures and severe droughts threaten forest vitality globally.Prediction of forest response to climate change requires knowledge of the spatiotemporal patterns of monthly or seasonal climatic impacts on the growth of tree species,likely driven by local climatic aridity,climate trends,edaphic conditions,and the climatic adaption of tree species.The ability of tree species to cope with changing climate and the effects of environmental variables on growth trends and growth-climate relationships across diverse bioclimatic regions are still poorly understood for many species.This study investigated radial growth trends,interannual growth variability,and growth-climate sensitivity of two dominant tree species,Pinus tabulaeformis(PT)and Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica(PS),across a broad climatic gradient with a variety of soil properties in temperate Northern China.Using a network of 83 tree ring chronologies(54 for PT and 29 for PS)from 1971 to 2010,we documented that both species maintained constant growth trends at wet sites,while both displayed rapid declines at dry sites.We reported the species-specific drivers of spatial heterogeneity in growth trends,interannual growth variability,and growth-climate relationships.Calculated climatic variables and soil properties were identified as the most critical factors affecting the growth trends and growth-climate relationships.However,climatic variables play more essential roles than soil properties in determining the spatial heterogeneity of the growth-climate relationship.Lower clay content and higher soil nutrient regimes can exacerbate the moisture-related susceptibility of tree growth.Our findings highlight that soil properties emerged as important modulating factors to predict the drought vulnerability of forests in addition to climatic variables.Considering the continued climate warmingdrying trend in the future,both pines will face a more severe growth decline and increase in drought vulnerability at drier sites with lower clayed soil or higher nutrient regimes.展开更多
The constraints of traditional 3D bioprinting are overcome by 4D bioprinting integrating with adaptable materials over time,resulting in dynamic,compliant,and functional biological structures.This innovative approach ...The constraints of traditional 3D bioprinting are overcome by 4D bioprinting integrating with adaptable materials over time,resulting in dynamic,compliant,and functional biological structures.This innovative approach to bioprinting holds great promise for tissue engineering,regenerative medicine,and advanced drug delivery systems.4D bioprinting is a technology that allows for the extension of 3D bioprinting technology by making predesigned structures change after they are fabricated using smart materials that can alter their characteristics via stimulus,leading to transformation in healthcare,which is able to provide precise personalized effective medical treatment without any side effects.This review article concentrates on some recent developments and applications in the field of 4D bioprinting,which can pave the way for groundbreaking advancements in biomedical sciences.4D printing is a new chapter in bioprinting that introduces dynamism and functional living biological structures.Therefore,smart materials and sophisticated printing techniques can eliminate the challenges associated with printing complex organs and tissues.However,the problems with this process are biocompatibility,immunogenicity,and scalability,which need to be addressed.Moreover,numerous obstacles have been encountered during its widespread adoption in clinical practice.Therefore,4D bioprinting requires improvements in future material science innovations and further development in printers and manufacturing techniques to unlock its potential for better patient care and outcomes.展开更多
Background:This study evaluates the efficacy of gabexate mesylate thermosensitive in-situ gel(GMTI) in the treatment of beagle grade Ⅲ pancreatic trauma(PT) with the assistance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) a...Background:This study evaluates the efficacy of gabexate mesylate thermosensitive in-situ gel(GMTI) in the treatment of beagle grade Ⅲ pancreatic trauma(PT) with the assistance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) and investigates its mechanism of action.Methods:A grade Ⅲ PT model consisting of 15 beagle dogs with severed main pancreatic ducts was created and treated with cephalic vein injection of gabexate mesylate(GM)(1.54mL/10kg,TID) and peripancreatic injection of GMTI(4.63 mL/10 kg,QD) guided by CEUS within 24h post-surgery.Ascites and serum levels of amylase(AMY),lipase(LPS),C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin(IL)-6,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,and urinary trypsinogen activating peptide(TAP) were detected by ELISA.Histopathological changes in the canine pancreas were observed by Hematoxylin and Eosin staining.Results:CEUS accurately displayed pancreatic lesions and guided catheterisation.Compared to the control group,the ascites was significantly reduced after treatment(p<0.01).AMY and LPS ascites significantly decreased on post-operative 1st and 2nd day(p<0.01).The levels of AMY,LPS,CRP,IL-6,and TNF-α in serum were decreased(p<0.05 or p <0.01).Urinary TAP was decreased 1 and 2 days after treatment(p<0.05or p<0.01,respectively).In the control group,pancreatic tissue necrosis was evident in the wound area.Normal glandular cell structures and fibrous tissue hyperplasia were observed in the wound area after GMTI treatment.The GMTI group performed better than the GM group in improving pancreatic histology and reducing AMY levels in the early post-operative period.Conclusion:Guided by CEUS,daily peripancreatic injections of GMTI in Beagles effectively inhibit pancreatic enzyme activity and aid in the adjuvant treatment of pancreatic trauma.展开更多
As the first gold mine discovered at the sea in China and the only coastal gold mine currently mined there,Sanshandao Gold Mine faces unique challenges.The mine's safety is under continual threat from its faulted ...As the first gold mine discovered at the sea in China and the only coastal gold mine currently mined there,Sanshandao Gold Mine faces unique challenges.The mine's safety is under continual threat from its faulted structure coupled with the overlying water.As the mining proceeds deeper,the risk of water inrush increases.The mine's maximum water yield reaches 15000 m3/day,which is attributable to water channels present in fault zones.Predominantly composed of soil–rock mixtures(SRM),these fault zones'seepage characteristics significantly impact water inrush risk.Consequently,investigating the seepage characteristics of SRM is of paramount importance.However,the existing literature mostly concentrates on a single stress state.Therefore,this study examined the characteristics of the permeability coefficient under three distinct stress states:osmotic,osmotic–uniaxial,and osmotic–triaxial pressure.The SRM samples utilized in this study were extracted from in situ fault zones and then reshaped in the laboratory.In addition,the micromechanical properties of the SRM samples were analyzed using computed tomography scanning.The findings reveal that the permeability coefficient is the highest under osmotic pressure and lowest under osmotic–triaxial pressure.The sensitivity coefficient shows a higher value when the rock block percentage ranges between 30%and 40%,but it falls below 1.0 when this percentage exceeds 50%under no confining pressure.Notably,rock block percentages of 40%and 60%represent the two peak points of the sensitivity coefficient under osmotic–triaxial pressure.However,SRM samples with a 40%rock block percentage consistently show the lowest permeability coefficient under all stress states.This study establishes that a power function can model the relationship between the permeability coefficient and osmotic pressure,while its relationship with axial pressure can be described using an exponential function.These insights are invaluable for developing water inrush prevention and control strategies in mining environments.展开更多
BACKGROUND Sensitivity to stress is essential in the onset,clinical symptoms,course,and prognosis of major depressive disorder(MDD).Meanwhile,it was unclear how variously classified but connected stress-sensitivity va...BACKGROUND Sensitivity to stress is essential in the onset,clinical symptoms,course,and prognosis of major depressive disorder(MDD).Meanwhile,it was unclear how variously classified but connected stress-sensitivity variables affect MDD.We hypothesize that high-level trait-and state-related stress-sensitivity factors may have different cumulative effects on the clinical symptoms and follow-up outcomes of MDD.AIM To investigate how stress-sensitivity factors added up and affected MDD clinical symptoms and follow-up results.METHODS In this prospective study,281 MDD patients were enrolled from a tertiary care setting.High-level stress-sensitivity factors were classified as trait anxiety,state anxiety,perceived stress,and neuroticism,with a total score in the top quartile of the research cohort.The cumulative effects of stress-sensitivity factors on cognitive dysfunction,disability and functional impairment,suicide risk,and depressive and anxiety symptoms were examined using an analysis of variance with linear trend analysis.Correlations were investigated further using multiple regression analysis.RESULTS Regarding high-level stress-sensitivity factors,53.40%of patients had at least one at baseline,and 29.61%had two or more.Four high-level stress-sensitivity components had significant cumulative impacts on MDD symptoms at baseline(all P<0.001).Perceived stress predicted the greatest effect sizes of state-related factors on depressive symptoms(partialη^(2)=0.153;standardizedβ=0.195;P<0.05).The follow-up outcomes were significantly impacted only by the high-level trait-related components,mainly when it came to depressive symptoms and suicide risk,which were predicted by trait anxiety and neuroticism,respectively(partialη^(2)=0.204 and 0.156;standardizedβ=0.247 and 0.392;P<0.05).CONCLUSION To enhance outcomes of MDD and lower the suicide risk,screening for stress-sensitivity factors and considering multifaceted measures,mainly focusing on trait-related ones,should be addressed clinically.展开更多
This paper introduces a high-precision bandgap reference(BGR)designed for battery management systems(BMS),fea-turing an ultra-low temperature coefficient(TC)and line sensitivity(LS).The BGR employs a current-mode sche...This paper introduces a high-precision bandgap reference(BGR)designed for battery management systems(BMS),fea-turing an ultra-low temperature coefficient(TC)and line sensitivity(LS).The BGR employs a current-mode scheme with chopped op-amps and internal clock generators to eliminate op-amp offset.A low dropout regulator(LDO)and a pre-regula-tor enhance output driving and LS,respectively.Curvature compensation enhances the TC by addressing higher-order nonlinear-ity.These approaches,effective near room temperature,employs trimming at both 20 and 60°C.When combined with fixed cur-vature correction currents,it achieves an ultra-low TC for each chip.Implemented in a CMOS 180 nm process,the BGR occu-pies 0.548 mm²and operates at 2.5 V with 84μA current draw from a 5 V supply.An average TC of 2.69 ppm/℃ with two-point trimming and 0.81 ppm/℃ with multi-point trimming are achieved over the temperature range of-40 to 125℃.It accommo-dates a load current of 1 mA and an LS of 42 ppm/V,making it suitable for precise BMS applications.展开更多
As a means of quantitative interpretation,forward calculations of the global lithospheric magnetic field in the Spherical Harmonic(SH)domain have been widely used to reveal geophysical,lithological,and geothermal vari...As a means of quantitative interpretation,forward calculations of the global lithospheric magnetic field in the Spherical Harmonic(SH)domain have been widely used to reveal geophysical,lithological,and geothermal variations in the lithosphere.Traditional approaches either do not consider the non-axial dipolar terms of the inducing field and its radial variation or do so by means of complicated formulae.Moreover,existing methods treat the magnetic lithosphere either as an infinitesimally thin layer or as a radially uniform spherical shell of constant thickness.Here,we present alternative forward formulae that account for an arbitrarily high maximum degree of the inducing field and for a magnetic lithosphere of variable thickness.Our simulations based on these formulae suggest that the satellite magnetic anomaly field is sensitive to the non-axial dipolar terms of the inducing field but not to its radial variation.Therefore,in forward and inverse calculations of satellite magnetic anomaly data,the non-axial dipolar terms of the inducing field should not be ignored.Furthermore,our results show that the satellite magnetic anomaly field is sensitive to variability in the lateral thickness of the magnetized shell.In particular,we show that for a given vertically integrated susceptibility distribution,underestimating the thickness of the magnetic layer overestimates the induced magnetic field.This discovery bridges the greatest part of the alleged gap between the susceptibility values measured from rock samples and the susceptibility values required to match the observed magnetic field signal.We expect the formulae and conclusions of this study to be a valuable tool for the quantitative interpretation of the Earth's global lithospheric magnetic field,through an inverse or forward modelling approach.展开更多
文摘In the presence of mixed micelle of a cationic and a nonionic surfactants,the reaction of scandium(Ⅲ) with phenylfluorone or its derivatives results in a very sensitive colouration:furthermore this chromophoric system tolerates the existence of a considerable amount of masking agents,so that many interfering ions can be masked and its selectivity would be further improved.After studying the optimum conditions and main charac- ters of some similar systems,the system of Sc(Ⅲ)—Orthonitrophenyuorone—Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide(CTMAB)—Triton X-200 is chosen for the spectrophotometric determination of microamount of scandium.The proposed method shows not only high sensitivity(with a molar absorptivity of 2.12×1~sL mol^(-1)·cm^(-1))and selectivity,but also high tolerance of chromophoric conditions.Beer's law is obeyed over a range of 0～6.0 μg Sc/25ml.If the dual-wavelength method is applied,a much higher molar absorptivity o|' 3.04×10~5L·mol^(-1)·cm^(-1)than those of other systems ever reported in the literatures can be attained:more- over.its linear range is extended to 0～8.0 μg Sc/25ml and its reproducibility is also improved.
基金Project supported by the Guiding Project of Science and Technology Department of Fujian Province(2019N0016)Key Project of Advanced Industry of Science and Technology Department of Fujian Province(2017Y0067)+1 种基金the Foundation of Education Department of Fujian Province(JT180293)Natural Science Foundation of Zhangzhou Science&Technology Bureau(2017G02010028)。
文摘The long persistent phosphors of Zr_(0.97)P_(2)O_(7):0.018 Tb^(3+),0.012 Nd^(3+)with Nd^(3+)as sensitized ions and Tb^(3+)as emission centers were synthesized using high temperature solid state reaction.The crystal structure and defects,excitation and emission spectra,decay curves and thermoluminescence(TL) curves of the phosphors were investigated.The synthesized Zr_(0.97)P_(2)O_(7):0.018 Tb^(3+),0.012 Nd^(3+)is essentially in line with the standard card PDF#49-1079.The emission band with main peak at 548 nm exhibits the characteristic transitions of ^(5)D_(3)-^(7)F_(j)(j=5,4) and ^(5)D_(3)-^(7)F_(j)(j=6,5,4,3) of Tb^(3+).The analysis of excitation and emission spectra shows that there exists the overlap between the emission peaks of Nd^(3+)at 466 and 485 nm and the excitation of Tb^(3+)at 443 and 485 nm,and the energy transfer from Nd^(3+)to Tb^(3+)plays an important role in the improvement of luminescence properties.The decay curves shows that Zr_(0.97)P_(2)O_(7):0.018 Tb^(3+),0.012 Nd^(3+)has longer afterglow time than ZrP_(2)O_(7) and Zr_(0.982)P_(2)O_(7):0.018 Tb^(3+).Additionally,the TL curves indicate that the trap depth at 0.72 eV in Zr_(0.97)P_(2)O_(7):0.018 Tb^(3+),0.012 Nd^(3+)is to the benefit of the afterglow time.The possible luminescence mechanism of ZrP_(2)O_(7):Tb^(3+),Nd^(3+)is proposed on the basis of the XPS spectra,EPR spectra,excitation and emission spectra,decay curves,TL curves and the analysis of defect equations.
基金supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19H04475,21H03830,22K19926 and 24K03289.
文摘Combining hyperthermia and chemotherapy for maximum anticancer efficacy remains a challenge because drugtolerant cancer cells often evade this synergistic treatment due to drug resistance and asynchronous drug release.In this study,multifunctional scaffolds were designed to efficiently treat drug-tolerant breast cancer by improving the sensitization of breast cancer cells and synchronizing anticancer drug release with magnetic hyperthermia.The scaffolds contained microRNA-encapsulated matrix metalloproteinase-cleavable liposomes,doxorubicin-encapsulated thermoresponsive liposomes and Fe_(3)O_(4)nanoparticles.The scaffolds could release microRNA specifically to improve the sensitization of breast cancer cells to anticancer drugs.The scaffolds also showed excellent hyperthermia effects under alternating magnetic field irradiation.Moreover,doxorubicin release was synchronized with magnetic hyperthermia.In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that the scaffolds effectively reduced drug resistance and eliminated doxorubicin-tolerant MDA-MB-231 cells through the syner-gistic effect of magnetic hyperthermia and sensitizing chemotherapy.Additionally,the scaffolds could support the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of stem cells for adipose tissue regeneration after killing cancer cells at a late therapeutic stage.These composite scaffolds offer an innovative strategy for treating breast cancer,with synergistic anticancer effects and regenerative functions.
基金This work is supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22275081,and 82372117)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021B1515120065,China)+2 种基金Guangzhou Science and Technology Bureau(202206010068)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(E2023205004,China)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M711532 and 2022T150302).
文摘Radiotherapy(RT)is one of the most feasible and routinely used therapeutic modalities for treating malignant tumors.In particular,immune responses triggered by RT,known as radio-immunotherapy,can partially inhibit the growth of distantly spreading tumors and recurrent tumors.How-ever,the safety and efficacy of radio-immunotherapy is impeded by the radio-resistance and poor immu-nogenicity of tumor.Herein,we report oxaliplatin(IV)-iron bimetallic nanoparticles(OXA/Fe NPs)as cascade sensitizing amplifiers for low-dose and robust radio-immunotherapy.The OXA/Fe NPs exhibit tumor-specific accumulation and activation of OXA(I)and Fe^(2+)in response to the reductive and acidic microenvironment within tumor cells.The cascade reactions of the released metallic drugs can sensitize RT by inducing DNA damage,increasing ROS and O_(2) levels,and amplifying the immunogenic cell death(ICD)effect after RT to facilitate potent immune activation.As a result,OXA/Fe NPs-based low-dose RT triggered a robust immune response and inhibited the distant and metastatic tumors effectively by a strong abscopal effect.Moreover,a long-term immunological memory effect to protect mice from tumor rechal-lenging is observed.Overall,the bimetallic NPs-based cascade sensitizing amplifier system offers an effi-cient radio-immunotherapy regimen that addresses the key challenges.
文摘A series of 2 benzyl 1,3 dicabonyl derivatives was synthesized. Their insulin sensitizing activity was evaluated in 3T3 L1 preadipocyte cells. Compounds 3, 26 and 27 were found to possess strong insulin sensitizing activity in vitro and were selected for further hypoglycemic evaluation in vivo.
文摘Objective To explore the role of miR-202 in multiple myeloma(MM)cells,and study the regulation of miR-202 on drug sensitivity of MM cells.Methods miR-202 and BAFF mRNA levels were detected by real-time PCR.U266 cells were transfected with miR-202-mimics,miR-202-inhibitor,siB AFF and their negative controls.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60478033)the Doctoral Foundation of Hebei Province of China (Grant No. B2003119)the Science and Technology Project of Hebei Province of China (Grant No. 05215102)
文摘The fluorescence spectra of three different dyes adsorbed on the tabular and cubic AgBr microcrystals are obtained by the picosecond time-resolved streak camera technique. The dependence of the ultrafast electron transferring from dye-aggre-gates to the conduction band of AgBr and the efficiency of spectral sensitization on different kinds of dyes with different concentrations is analyzed. Further more,the microcosmic mechanism of the sensitization process is discussed. It is found that the fluorescence decay curves are fitted very well by the double exponential func-tion,consisting of a slow component and a fast one with large amplitude. We con-sider this fast one mainly attributable to the electron transfer from dye J-aggre-gates to the conduction band of AgBr.
文摘Menstrual hygiene products(MHPs)like tampons,sanitary towels and panty liners are widely used by women and come in close contact with the intimate parts of the human body,which consist of mucosae that lack the important barrier function of normal skin.Hence,substances leaching from MHP can easily penetrate and become systemically available.This study aims to develop a new in chemico methodology that allows to identify and measure realistic consumer exposure levels of several skin sensitizers and irritants leaching from MHPs under simulated use conditions.To assess the leaching of chemicals from MHPs,a menstrual fluid simulant(MFS)simulating pH,osmolarity and protein binding was first established.Subsequently,an analytical methodology was developed for nine well-known skin sensitizers and skin irritants.In short,the MFS samples underwent salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction before ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis.Validation was performed according to the total error approach with acceptability limits of±15%regarding the total analytical error(including systematic and random bias).Fifteen commercially available MHPs were assessed.Six products were found to leach at least one of the following five sensitizing and irritating compounds:a-isomethyl ionone,benzyl salicylate,hexyl cinnamaldehyde,linalool and piperonal.Piperonal was the most abundant compound leaching from the MHPs,with leaching concentration levels measured to 28.22 mg/g.In addition,the leaching level of benzyl salicylate was found to be 11.03 mg/g.The latter fragrance concentration is above 10 mg/g and would trigger mandatory labelling if the Cosmetic Regulation would apply for MHPs.However,none of the identified and quantified skin sensitizers were mentioned on the packaging.In conclusion,this novel methodology makes it possible to estimate realistic human exposure levels to skin sensitizers and irritants through the use of MHPs.Availability of these exposure estimates is vital to carry out a quantitative health risk assessment of these substances.
文摘To investigate the mechanisms of apigenin(API)and proanthocyanidins(PC)in soothing sensitive skin(SS),a mast cell degranulation model was established by stimulating RBL-2H3 cells with the calcium ionophore A23187.Based on the combinatorial experiments,it was found that when API and PC were combined at the molar ratios of 4∶1 and 2∶1,they exhibited the antagonistic effects on histamine release(combination index CI>1);when they are combined at the molar ratios of 1∶1,1∶2 or 1∶4,they showed the synergistic effects on histamine release(CI<1).Among them,the combination of API and PC at a molar ratio of 1∶1 showed the better potent synergistic antihistamine release effect(CI=0.70).Histamine is a hallmark of the mast cell degranulation,consequently,the combination of API and PC at a molar ratio of 1∶1 yields the better efficiency in inhibiting the mast cell degranulation with the lowest IC_(50)value.Compared to the utilization of API or PC alone,the IC_(50)value was reduced by 11.150 and 6.503μmol/L,respectively.Compared to the positive control paeonol(PA),the treatment with the combination significantly reduced theβ-hex secretion,decreased the F-actin cytoskeleton rearrangement,and markedly suppressed the release of TNF-α,IL-4,and MCP-1.Further studies on the signaling pathways related to the mast cell degranulation indicated that the combination effectively inhibited the intracellular Ca^(2+)influx and significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase(CaMK)and phospholipase C/protein kinase C(PLC/PKC).In summary,the combination of API and PC at a molar ratio of 1∶1 exhibited the better synergistic antagonistic effect on the histamine release,inhibited the mast cell degranulation model activation by reducing Ca^(2+)influx and inhibiting the activation of Ca^(2+)/CaMK and PLC/PKC pathways,stabilized the cell membranes,regulated the inflammatory factor secretion,and exerted an effect in alleviating sensitive skin.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42077299,and U21A20290)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0750400)the Ordos Key Research and Development Program(No.YF20240037).
文摘Persistent toxic substances(PTS)represent a paramount environmental issue in the 21st century.Understanding the concentrations and forms of PTS in the environment is crucial for accurately assessing their environmental health impacts.This article presents a concise overview of the components of PTS,pertinent environmental regulations,and conventional detection methodologies.Additionally,we offer an in-depth review of the principles,development,and practical applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)in environmental monitoring,emphasizing the advancements in detecting trace amounts of PTS in complex environmental matrices.Recent progress in enhancing SERS sensitivity,improving selectivity,and practical implementations are detailed,showcasing innovative materials and methods.Integrating SERS with advanced algorithms are highlighted as pivotal areas for future research.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2682024GF019)。
文摘Excellent detonation performances and low sensitivity are prerequisites for the deployment of energetic materials.Exploring the underlying factors that affect impact sensitivity and detonation performances as well as exploring how to obtain materials with desired properties remains a long-term challenge.Machine learning with its ability to solve complex tasks and perform robust data processing can reveal the relationship between performance and descriptive indicators,potentially accelerating the development process of energetic materials.In this background,impact sensitivity,detonation performances,and 28 physicochemical parameters for 222 energetic materials from density functional theory calculations and published literature were sorted out.Four machine learning algorithms were employed to predict various properties of energetic materials,including impact sensitivity,detonation velocity,detonation pressure,and Gurney energy.Analysis of Pearson coefficients and feature importance showed that the heat of explosion,oxygen balance,decomposition products,and HOMO energy levels have a strong correlation with the impact sensitivity of energetic materials.Oxygen balance,decomposition products,and density have a strong correlation with detonation performances.Utilizing impact sensitivity of 2,3,4-trinitrotoluene and the detonation performances of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3,5-triamine as the benchmark,the analysis of feature importance rankings and statistical data revealed the optimal range of key features balancing impact sensitivity and detonation performances:oxygen balance values should be between-40%and-30%,density should range from 1.66 to 1.72 g/cm^(3),HOMO energy levels should be between-6.34 and-6.31 eV,and lipophilicity should be between-1.0 and 0.1,4.49 and 5.59.These findings not only offer important insights into the impact sensitivity and detonation performances of energetic materials,but also provide a theoretical guidance paradigm for the design and development of new energetic materials with optimal detonation performances and reduced sensitivity.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(No.2022YFE0127900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32071558,32171559)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation Key Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China(No.2023ZD23)the Hulunbuir Science and Technology Plan Project(No.SF2022001)the Fundamental Research Funds of CAF(CAFYBB2023ZA002).
文摘Increasing temperatures and severe droughts threaten forest vitality globally.Prediction of forest response to climate change requires knowledge of the spatiotemporal patterns of monthly or seasonal climatic impacts on the growth of tree species,likely driven by local climatic aridity,climate trends,edaphic conditions,and the climatic adaption of tree species.The ability of tree species to cope with changing climate and the effects of environmental variables on growth trends and growth-climate relationships across diverse bioclimatic regions are still poorly understood for many species.This study investigated radial growth trends,interannual growth variability,and growth-climate sensitivity of two dominant tree species,Pinus tabulaeformis(PT)and Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica(PS),across a broad climatic gradient with a variety of soil properties in temperate Northern China.Using a network of 83 tree ring chronologies(54 for PT and 29 for PS)from 1971 to 2010,we documented that both species maintained constant growth trends at wet sites,while both displayed rapid declines at dry sites.We reported the species-specific drivers of spatial heterogeneity in growth trends,interannual growth variability,and growth-climate relationships.Calculated climatic variables and soil properties were identified as the most critical factors affecting the growth trends and growth-climate relationships.However,climatic variables play more essential roles than soil properties in determining the spatial heterogeneity of the growth-climate relationship.Lower clay content and higher soil nutrient regimes can exacerbate the moisture-related susceptibility of tree growth.Our findings highlight that soil properties emerged as important modulating factors to predict the drought vulnerability of forests in addition to climatic variables.Considering the continued climate warmingdrying trend in the future,both pines will face a more severe growth decline and increase in drought vulnerability at drier sites with lower clayed soil or higher nutrient regimes.
基金the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) for their support through the TÜBİTAK 2211-A National PhD Fellowship Program
文摘The constraints of traditional 3D bioprinting are overcome by 4D bioprinting integrating with adaptable materials over time,resulting in dynamic,compliant,and functional biological structures.This innovative approach to bioprinting holds great promise for tissue engineering,regenerative medicine,and advanced drug delivery systems.4D bioprinting is a technology that allows for the extension of 3D bioprinting technology by making predesigned structures change after they are fabricated using smart materials that can alter their characteristics via stimulus,leading to transformation in healthcare,which is able to provide precise personalized effective medical treatment without any side effects.This review article concentrates on some recent developments and applications in the field of 4D bioprinting,which can pave the way for groundbreaking advancements in biomedical sciences.4D printing is a new chapter in bioprinting that introduces dynamism and functional living biological structures.Therefore,smart materials and sophisticated printing techniques can eliminate the challenges associated with printing complex organs and tissues.However,the problems with this process are biocompatibility,immunogenicity,and scalability,which need to be addressed.Moreover,numerous obstacles have been encountered during its widespread adoption in clinical practice.Therefore,4D bioprinting requires improvements in future material science innovations and further development in printers and manufacturing techniques to unlock its potential for better patient care and outcomes.
文摘Background:This study evaluates the efficacy of gabexate mesylate thermosensitive in-situ gel(GMTI) in the treatment of beagle grade Ⅲ pancreatic trauma(PT) with the assistance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) and investigates its mechanism of action.Methods:A grade Ⅲ PT model consisting of 15 beagle dogs with severed main pancreatic ducts was created and treated with cephalic vein injection of gabexate mesylate(GM)(1.54mL/10kg,TID) and peripancreatic injection of GMTI(4.63 mL/10 kg,QD) guided by CEUS within 24h post-surgery.Ascites and serum levels of amylase(AMY),lipase(LPS),C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin(IL)-6,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,and urinary trypsinogen activating peptide(TAP) were detected by ELISA.Histopathological changes in the canine pancreas were observed by Hematoxylin and Eosin staining.Results:CEUS accurately displayed pancreatic lesions and guided catheterisation.Compared to the control group,the ascites was significantly reduced after treatment(p<0.01).AMY and LPS ascites significantly decreased on post-operative 1st and 2nd day(p<0.01).The levels of AMY,LPS,CRP,IL-6,and TNF-α in serum were decreased(p<0.05 or p <0.01).Urinary TAP was decreased 1 and 2 days after treatment(p<0.05or p<0.01,respectively).In the control group,pancreatic tissue necrosis was evident in the wound area.Normal glandular cell structures and fibrous tissue hyperplasia were observed in the wound area after GMTI treatment.The GMTI group performed better than the GM group in improving pancreatic histology and reducing AMY levels in the early post-operative period.Conclusion:Guided by CEUS,daily peripancreatic injections of GMTI in Beagles effectively inhibit pancreatic enzyme activity and aid in the adjuvant treatment of pancreatic trauma.
基金State Key Research Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFC3001301。
文摘As the first gold mine discovered at the sea in China and the only coastal gold mine currently mined there,Sanshandao Gold Mine faces unique challenges.The mine's safety is under continual threat from its faulted structure coupled with the overlying water.As the mining proceeds deeper,the risk of water inrush increases.The mine's maximum water yield reaches 15000 m3/day,which is attributable to water channels present in fault zones.Predominantly composed of soil–rock mixtures(SRM),these fault zones'seepage characteristics significantly impact water inrush risk.Consequently,investigating the seepage characteristics of SRM is of paramount importance.However,the existing literature mostly concentrates on a single stress state.Therefore,this study examined the characteristics of the permeability coefficient under three distinct stress states:osmotic,osmotic–uniaxial,and osmotic–triaxial pressure.The SRM samples utilized in this study were extracted from in situ fault zones and then reshaped in the laboratory.In addition,the micromechanical properties of the SRM samples were analyzed using computed tomography scanning.The findings reveal that the permeability coefficient is the highest under osmotic pressure and lowest under osmotic–triaxial pressure.The sensitivity coefficient shows a higher value when the rock block percentage ranges between 30%and 40%,but it falls below 1.0 when this percentage exceeds 50%under no confining pressure.Notably,rock block percentages of 40%and 60%represent the two peak points of the sensitivity coefficient under osmotic–triaxial pressure.However,SRM samples with a 40%rock block percentage consistently show the lowest permeability coefficient under all stress states.This study establishes that a power function can model the relationship between the permeability coefficient and osmotic pressure,while its relationship with axial pressure can be described using an exponential function.These insights are invaluable for developing water inrush prevention and control strategies in mining environments.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Innovation 2030-Major Projects,No.2021ZD0202000National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2019YFA0706200+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82371535Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,No.2023RC3083Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University,No.2023ZZTS0838.
文摘BACKGROUND Sensitivity to stress is essential in the onset,clinical symptoms,course,and prognosis of major depressive disorder(MDD).Meanwhile,it was unclear how variously classified but connected stress-sensitivity variables affect MDD.We hypothesize that high-level trait-and state-related stress-sensitivity factors may have different cumulative effects on the clinical symptoms and follow-up outcomes of MDD.AIM To investigate how stress-sensitivity factors added up and affected MDD clinical symptoms and follow-up results.METHODS In this prospective study,281 MDD patients were enrolled from a tertiary care setting.High-level stress-sensitivity factors were classified as trait anxiety,state anxiety,perceived stress,and neuroticism,with a total score in the top quartile of the research cohort.The cumulative effects of stress-sensitivity factors on cognitive dysfunction,disability and functional impairment,suicide risk,and depressive and anxiety symptoms were examined using an analysis of variance with linear trend analysis.Correlations were investigated further using multiple regression analysis.RESULTS Regarding high-level stress-sensitivity factors,53.40%of patients had at least one at baseline,and 29.61%had two or more.Four high-level stress-sensitivity components had significant cumulative impacts on MDD symptoms at baseline(all P<0.001).Perceived stress predicted the greatest effect sizes of state-related factors on depressive symptoms(partialη^(2)=0.153;standardizedβ=0.195;P<0.05).The follow-up outcomes were significantly impacted only by the high-level trait-related components,mainly when it came to depressive symptoms and suicide risk,which were predicted by trait anxiety and neuroticism,respectively(partialη^(2)=0.204 and 0.156;standardizedβ=0.247 and 0.392;P<0.05).CONCLUSION To enhance outcomes of MDD and lower the suicide risk,screening for stress-sensitivity factors and considering multifaceted measures,mainly focusing on trait-related ones,should be addressed clinically.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under grant No.62204235。
文摘This paper introduces a high-precision bandgap reference(BGR)designed for battery management systems(BMS),fea-turing an ultra-low temperature coefficient(TC)and line sensitivity(LS).The BGR employs a current-mode scheme with chopped op-amps and internal clock generators to eliminate op-amp offset.A low dropout regulator(LDO)and a pre-regula-tor enhance output driving and LS,respectively.Curvature compensation enhances the TC by addressing higher-order nonlinear-ity.These approaches,effective near room temperature,employs trimming at both 20 and 60°C.When combined with fixed cur-vature correction currents,it achieves an ultra-low TC for each chip.Implemented in a CMOS 180 nm process,the BGR occu-pies 0.548 mm²and operates at 2.5 V with 84μA current draw from a 5 V supply.An average TC of 2.69 ppm/℃ with two-point trimming and 0.81 ppm/℃ with multi-point trimming are achieved over the temperature range of-40 to 125℃.It accommo-dates a load current of 1 mA and an LS of 42 ppm/V,making it suitable for precise BMS applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42250103 and 42174090)the Opening Fund of Key Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education(Grant No.GLAB2023ZR02)the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)Special Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources(Grant No.MSFGPMR2022-4)。
文摘As a means of quantitative interpretation,forward calculations of the global lithospheric magnetic field in the Spherical Harmonic(SH)domain have been widely used to reveal geophysical,lithological,and geothermal variations in the lithosphere.Traditional approaches either do not consider the non-axial dipolar terms of the inducing field and its radial variation or do so by means of complicated formulae.Moreover,existing methods treat the magnetic lithosphere either as an infinitesimally thin layer or as a radially uniform spherical shell of constant thickness.Here,we present alternative forward formulae that account for an arbitrarily high maximum degree of the inducing field and for a magnetic lithosphere of variable thickness.Our simulations based on these formulae suggest that the satellite magnetic anomaly field is sensitive to the non-axial dipolar terms of the inducing field but not to its radial variation.Therefore,in forward and inverse calculations of satellite magnetic anomaly data,the non-axial dipolar terms of the inducing field should not be ignored.Furthermore,our results show that the satellite magnetic anomaly field is sensitive to variability in the lateral thickness of the magnetized shell.In particular,we show that for a given vertically integrated susceptibility distribution,underestimating the thickness of the magnetic layer overestimates the induced magnetic field.This discovery bridges the greatest part of the alleged gap between the susceptibility values measured from rock samples and the susceptibility values required to match the observed magnetic field signal.We expect the formulae and conclusions of this study to be a valuable tool for the quantitative interpretation of the Earth's global lithospheric magnetic field,through an inverse or forward modelling approach.
