Acupoints are particular areas on the surface of the body through which the Qi and blood of the Zang-fu organs and meridians flow.Acupoints can respond to stimuli and reflect syndromes.Research on the essential morpho...Acupoints are particular areas on the surface of the body through which the Qi and blood of the Zang-fu organs and meridians flow.Acupoints can respond to stimuli and reflect syndromes.Research on the essential morphology of acupoints has two key focuses:anatomical structure and physiological function.The structure is the material and anatomical basis for the function,while the function is the manifestation of the structure.The two factors not only have profound significance for our understanding of the essence of acupoints,but also have great value for clinical acupuncture and moxibustion practice.Based on the structural and functional characteristics of meridians under different physiological and pathological conditions,this paper illustrates the essence of acupoints and explores the rules and biological basis of the acupoint functions induced by acupuncture and moxibustion.展开更多
CONSPECTUS:Organic hole-transporting materials(HTMs)are of importance in the progress of new-generation photovoltaics,notably in perovskite solar cells(PSCs),solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells(sDSCs),and organic s...CONSPECTUS:Organic hole-transporting materials(HTMs)are of importance in the progress of new-generation photovoltaics,notably in perovskite solar cells(PSCs),solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells(sDSCs),and organic solar cells(OSCs).These materials play a vital role in hole collection and transportation,significantly impacting the power conversion efficiency(PCE)and overall stability of photovoltaic devices.The emergence of spiro(fluorene-9,9′-xanthene)(SFX)as a novel building block for organic HTMs has gained considerable attention in the field of photovoltaics.Its facile one-pot synthetic approach,straightforward purification,and physiochemical properties over the prototype HTM spiro-OMeTAD have positioned SFX as a highly attractive alternative.In this Account,we present a comprehensive and in-depth summary of our research work,focusing on the advancements in SFX-based organic HTMs in photovoltaic devices with a particular emphasis on PSCs and sDSCs.Several key objectives of our research have been focused on exploring strategies to improve the properties of SFX-based HTMs.(i)One of the critical aspects we have addressed is the improvement of film quality.By carefully designing the molecular structure and employing suitable synthetic approaches,we have achieved HTMs with excellent film-forming ability,resulting in uniform and smooth films over large areas.This achievement is pivotal in ensuring the reproducibility and efficiency of photovoltaic devices.Furthermore,(ii)our investigations have led to an improvement in hole mobility within the HTMs.Through molecular engineering,such as increasing the molecular conjugation and introducing multiple SFX units,we have demonstrated enhanced charge-carrier mobility.This advancement plays a crucial role in minimizing charge recombination losses and improving the overall device efficiency.Additionally,(iii)we have explored the concept of defect passivation in SFX-based HTMs.By incorporating Lewis base structures,such as pyridine groups,we have successfully coordinated to Pb2+in the perovskite layer,resulting in a passivation of surface defects.This defect passivation contributes to better stability and enhanced device performance.Throughout our review,we highlighted the potential and opportunities achieved through these steps.The combination of enhanced film quality,improved hole mobility,and defect passivation resulted in remarkable photovoltaic performance.Our findings have demonstrated promising short-circuit current densities,open-circuit voltages,fill factors,and PCEs,with some HTMs even outperforming the widely used spiro-OMeTAD.We believe that this review will not only provide a better understanding of SFX-based HTMs but also open new avenues for enhancing the performance of organic HTMs in photovoltaic and other organic electronic devices.By providing unique perspectives and exploring different strategies,we aim to inspire ongoing advancements in photovoltaic technologies and organic electronics.Meanwhile,the success of SFX-based HTMs in improving photovoltaic device performance holds great promise for the continued development of efficient and stable photovoltaic devices in the years to come.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(81130063)the 973 Project(2012CB 518503)
文摘Acupoints are particular areas on the surface of the body through which the Qi and blood of the Zang-fu organs and meridians flow.Acupoints can respond to stimuli and reflect syndromes.Research on the essential morphology of acupoints has two key focuses:anatomical structure and physiological function.The structure is the material and anatomical basis for the function,while the function is the manifestation of the structure.The two factors not only have profound significance for our understanding of the essence of acupoints,but also have great value for clinical acupuncture and moxibustion practice.Based on the structural and functional characteristics of meridians under different physiological and pathological conditions,this paper illustrates the essence of acupoints and explores the rules and biological basis of the acupoint functions induced by acupuncture and moxibustion.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22279059)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.30921011106,30923011030)the start-up funding from the NJUST.
文摘CONSPECTUS:Organic hole-transporting materials(HTMs)are of importance in the progress of new-generation photovoltaics,notably in perovskite solar cells(PSCs),solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells(sDSCs),and organic solar cells(OSCs).These materials play a vital role in hole collection and transportation,significantly impacting the power conversion efficiency(PCE)and overall stability of photovoltaic devices.The emergence of spiro(fluorene-9,9′-xanthene)(SFX)as a novel building block for organic HTMs has gained considerable attention in the field of photovoltaics.Its facile one-pot synthetic approach,straightforward purification,and physiochemical properties over the prototype HTM spiro-OMeTAD have positioned SFX as a highly attractive alternative.In this Account,we present a comprehensive and in-depth summary of our research work,focusing on the advancements in SFX-based organic HTMs in photovoltaic devices with a particular emphasis on PSCs and sDSCs.Several key objectives of our research have been focused on exploring strategies to improve the properties of SFX-based HTMs.(i)One of the critical aspects we have addressed is the improvement of film quality.By carefully designing the molecular structure and employing suitable synthetic approaches,we have achieved HTMs with excellent film-forming ability,resulting in uniform and smooth films over large areas.This achievement is pivotal in ensuring the reproducibility and efficiency of photovoltaic devices.Furthermore,(ii)our investigations have led to an improvement in hole mobility within the HTMs.Through molecular engineering,such as increasing the molecular conjugation and introducing multiple SFX units,we have demonstrated enhanced charge-carrier mobility.This advancement plays a crucial role in minimizing charge recombination losses and improving the overall device efficiency.Additionally,(iii)we have explored the concept of defect passivation in SFX-based HTMs.By incorporating Lewis base structures,such as pyridine groups,we have successfully coordinated to Pb2+in the perovskite layer,resulting in a passivation of surface defects.This defect passivation contributes to better stability and enhanced device performance.Throughout our review,we highlighted the potential and opportunities achieved through these steps.The combination of enhanced film quality,improved hole mobility,and defect passivation resulted in remarkable photovoltaic performance.Our findings have demonstrated promising short-circuit current densities,open-circuit voltages,fill factors,and PCEs,with some HTMs even outperforming the widely used spiro-OMeTAD.We believe that this review will not only provide a better understanding of SFX-based HTMs but also open new avenues for enhancing the performance of organic HTMs in photovoltaic and other organic electronic devices.By providing unique perspectives and exploring different strategies,we aim to inspire ongoing advancements in photovoltaic technologies and organic electronics.Meanwhile,the success of SFX-based HTMs in improving photovoltaic device performance holds great promise for the continued development of efficient and stable photovoltaic devices in the years to come.
