To ensure the safe transportation of radioactive materials,numerous countries have established specific standards.For the transfer of fissile materials,it is imperative that the material within the packaging remains i...To ensure the safe transportation of radioactive materials,numerous countries have established specific standards.For the transfer of fissile materials,it is imperative that the material within the packaging remains in a subcritical state during routine,normal,and accidental transport conditions.In the event of an accident,the rods within the storage tank may become rearranged,introducing uncertainty that must be accounted for to ensure that criticality analysis results are conservative.Historically,this uncertainty was addressed overly conservatively due to limited research on non-uniform arrangement scenarios,which proved unsuitable for criticality safety analysis of spent fuel packages.This paper introduced three distinct methods to non-uniformly rearrange fuel rods—Uniform Arrangement by Blocks,Layer-by-Layer Determination,and Birdcage Deformation—and meticulously evaluates the influences of rod rearrangement on the effective multiplication factor of neutrons,k eff,utilizing the Monte Carlo method.Ultimately,this study presents a holistic method capable of encompassing the entire spectrum of potential effects stemming from the rearrangement of fuel rods during rods mispositioning accident.By augmenting the safety margin,this approach proves to be adeptly suited for the criticality safety analysis of nuclear fuel transport containers.展开更多
Saline aquifers are considered as highly favored reservoirs for CO_(2)sequestration due to their favorable properties.Understanding the impact of saline aquifer properties on the migration and distribution of CO_(2)pl...Saline aquifers are considered as highly favored reservoirs for CO_(2)sequestration due to their favorable properties.Understanding the impact of saline aquifer properties on the migration and distribution of CO_(2)plume is crucial.This study focuses on four key parameters-permeability,porosity,formation pressure,and temperature-to characterize the reservoir and analyse the petrophysical and elastic response of CO_(2).First,we performed reservoir simulations to simulate CO_(2)saturation,using multiple sets of these four parameters to examine their significance on CO_(2)saturation and the plume migration speed.Subsequently,the effect of these parameters on the elastic properties is tested using rock physics theory.We established a relationship of compressional wave velocity(V_(p))and quality factor(Q_(p))with the four key parameters,and conducted a sensitivity analysis to test their sensitivity to V_(p) and Q_(p).Finally,we utilized visco-acoustic wave equation simulated time-lapse seismic data based on the computed V_(p) and Q_(p) models,and analysed the impact of CO_(2) saturation changes on seismic data.As for the above nu-merical simulations and analysis,we conducted sensitivity analysis using both homogeneous and heterogeneous models.Consistent results are found between homogeneous and heterogeneous models.The permeability is the most sensitive parameter to the CO_(2)saturation,while porosity emerges as the primary factor affecting both Q_(p) and V_(p).Both Q_(p) and V_(p) increase with the porosity,which contradicts the observations in gas reservoirs.The seismic simulations highlight significant variations in the seismic response to different parameters.We provided analysis for these observations,which serves as a valuable reference for comprehensive CO_(2)integrity analysis,time-lapse monitoring,injection planning and site selection.展开更多
As a means of quantitative interpretation,forward calculations of the global lithospheric magnetic field in the Spherical Harmonic(SH)domain have been widely used to reveal geophysical,lithological,and geothermal vari...As a means of quantitative interpretation,forward calculations of the global lithospheric magnetic field in the Spherical Harmonic(SH)domain have been widely used to reveal geophysical,lithological,and geothermal variations in the lithosphere.Traditional approaches either do not consider the non-axial dipolar terms of the inducing field and its radial variation or do so by means of complicated formulae.Moreover,existing methods treat the magnetic lithosphere either as an infinitesimally thin layer or as a radially uniform spherical shell of constant thickness.Here,we present alternative forward formulae that account for an arbitrarily high maximum degree of the inducing field and for a magnetic lithosphere of variable thickness.Our simulations based on these formulae suggest that the satellite magnetic anomaly field is sensitive to the non-axial dipolar terms of the inducing field but not to its radial variation.Therefore,in forward and inverse calculations of satellite magnetic anomaly data,the non-axial dipolar terms of the inducing field should not be ignored.Furthermore,our results show that the satellite magnetic anomaly field is sensitive to variability in the lateral thickness of the magnetized shell.In particular,we show that for a given vertically integrated susceptibility distribution,underestimating the thickness of the magnetic layer overestimates the induced magnetic field.This discovery bridges the greatest part of the alleged gap between the susceptibility values measured from rock samples and the susceptibility values required to match the observed magnetic field signal.We expect the formulae and conclusions of this study to be a valuable tool for the quantitative interpretation of the Earth's global lithospheric magnetic field,through an inverse or forward modelling approach.展开更多
Accurate quantification of carbon and water fluxes dynamics in arid and semi-arid ecosystems is a critical scientific challenge for regional carbon neutrality assessments and sustainable water resource management.In t...Accurate quantification of carbon and water fluxes dynamics in arid and semi-arid ecosystems is a critical scientific challenge for regional carbon neutrality assessments and sustainable water resource management.In this study,we developed a multi-flux global sensitivity discriminant index(D_(sen))by integrating the Biome-BGCMuSo model with eddy covariance flux observations.This index was combined with a Bayesian optimization algorithm to conduct parameter optimization.The results demonstrated that:(1)Sensitivity analysis identified 13 highly sensitive parameters affecting carbon and water fluxes.Among these,the canopy light extinction coefficient(k)and the fraction of leaf N in Rubisco(FLNR)exhibited significantly higher sensitivity to carbon fluxes(GPP,NEE,Reco;D_(sen)>10%)compared to water flux(ET).This highlights the strong dependence of carbon cycle simulations on vegetation physiological parameters.(2)The Bayesian optimization framework efficiently converged 30 parameter spaces within 50 iterations,markedly improving carbon fluxes simulation accuracy.The Kling-Gupta efficiency(KGE)values for Gross Primary Production(GPP),Net Ecosystem Exchange(NEE),and Total Respiration(Reco)increased by 44.94%,69.23%and 123%,respectively.The optimization prioritized highly sensitive parameters,underscoring the necessity of parameter sensitivity stratification.(3)The optimized model effectively reproduced carbon sink characteristics in mountain meadows during the growing season(cumulative NEE=-375 g C/m^(2)).It revealed synergistic carbon-water fluxes interactions governed by coupled photosynthesis-stomatal pathways and identified substrate supply limitations on heterotrophic respiration.This study proposes a novel multi-flux sensitivity index and an efficient optimization framework,elucidating the coupling mechanisms between vegetation physiological regulation(k,FLNR)and environmental stressors(VPD,SWD)in carbonwater cycles.The methodology offers a practical approach for arid ecosystem model optimization and provides theoretical insights for grassland management through canopy structure regulation and water-use efficiency enhancement.展开更多
This paper presents a framework for constructing surrogate models for sensitivity analysis of structural dynamics behavior.Physical models involving deformation,such as collisions,vibrations,and penetration,are devel-...This paper presents a framework for constructing surrogate models for sensitivity analysis of structural dynamics behavior.Physical models involving deformation,such as collisions,vibrations,and penetration,are devel-oped using the material point method.To reduce the computational cost of Monte Carlo simulations,response surface models are created as surrogate models for the material point system to approximate its dynamic behavior.An adaptive randomized greedy algorithm is employed to construct a sparse polynomial chaos expansion model with a fixed order,effectively balancing the accuracy and computational efficiency of the surrogate model.Based on the sparse polynomial chaos expansion,sensitivity analysis is conducted using the global finite difference and Sobol methods.Several examples of structural dynamics are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in addressing structural dynamics problems.展开更多
This paper presents a sensitivity analysis method for analyzing the key factors affecting the stability problem of the transonic compressors.The adjoint method is integrated into the meridional stability model,a linea...This paper presents a sensitivity analysis method for analyzing the key factors affecting the stability problem of the transonic compressors.The adjoint method is integrated into the meridional stability model,a linear stability prediction model utilized to analyze the flow stability problem of the compressor,and the sensitivity analysis method is further developed for the flow stability problem of the compressor.The study selects the NASA Rot or 37,a transonic compressor,as the research object to verify the proposed method and explore the sensitive factors leading to the stall inception.The results of sensitivity analysis to both the flow parameters and the external source terms reveal that the stall inception is sensitive to the base flow field at the rotor tip and the stability margin of the compressor can be enhanced by improving the flow field at this region.Physical explanations are presented and discussed to correlate the three-dimensional flow field to the results obtained via the employed analysis method,which shows that flow structures and characteristics near the end-wall region,especially the tip leakage flow or the tip leakage vortex and its interaction with the shock wave,contribute to the stall inception.展开更多
Roll coating is a vital industrial process used in printing,packaging,and polymer film production,where maintaining a uniform coating is critical for product quality and efficiency.This work models non-isothermal Carr...Roll coating is a vital industrial process used in printing,packaging,and polymer film production,where maintaining a uniform coating is critical for product quality and efficiency.This work models non-isothermal Carreau fluid flow between a rotating roll and a stationary wall under fixed boundary constraints to evaluate how non-Newtonian and thermal effects influence coating performance.The governing equations are transformed into non-dimensional form and simplified using lubrication approximation theory.Approximate analytical solutions are obtained via the perturbation technique,while numerical results are computed using both the finite difference method and the BVPMidrich technique.Furthermore,Response surface methodology(RSM)is employed for optimization and sensitivity analysis.Analytical and numerical results show strong agreement(<1%deviation).The model predicts coating thickness 0.55≤λ≤0.64,power input 1.05≤P_(w)≤1.99,and separation force 0.91≤S_(f)≤1.82 for 0.1≤We≤0.9 and 0.01≤F≤0.09.Increasing We enhances the coating thickness and power input but reduces velocity and separation force.The findings provide physical insight into elastic and viscous effects in roll coating,providing insight for optimizing coating uniformity,minimizing wear,improving industrial coating processes,and extending substrate lifespan.展开更多
Economic losses and catastrophic casualties may occur once super high-rise structures are struck by low-probability but high-consequence scenarios of concurrent earthquakes and winds. Therefore, accurately predicting ...Economic losses and catastrophic casualties may occur once super high-rise structures are struck by low-probability but high-consequence scenarios of concurrent earthquakes and winds. Therefore, accurately predicting multi-hazard dynamic responses to super high-rise structures has significant engineering and scientific value. This study performed a parametric global sensitivity analysis (GSA) for multi-hazard dynamic response prediction of super high-rise structures using the multiple-degree-of-freedom shear (MFS) model. Polynomial chaos Kriging (PCK) was introduced to build a surrogate model that allowed GSA to be combined with Sobol’ indices. Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is also conducted for the comparison to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the PCK method. Parametric sensitivity analysis is performed for a wide range of aleatory uncertainty (intensities of coupled multi-hazard), epistemic uncertainty (bending stiffness, k_(m);shear stiffness, kq;density, ρ;and damping ratio, ξ), probability distribution types, and coefficients of variation. The results indicate that epistemic uncertainty parameters, k_(m), ρ, and ξ dramatically affect the multi-hazard dynamic responses of super high-rise structures;in addition, Sobol’ indices between the normal and lognormal distributions are insignificant, while the variation levels have remarkably influenced the sensitivity indices.展开更多
In recent years,incidents of simultaneous exceedance of PM_(2.5)and O_(3) concentrations,termed PM_(2.5)and O_(3) co-pollution events,have frequently occurred in China.This study conducted atmospheric circulation anal...In recent years,incidents of simultaneous exceedance of PM_(2.5)and O_(3) concentrations,termed PM_(2.5)and O_(3) co-pollution events,have frequently occurred in China.This study conducted atmospheric circulation analysis on two typical co-pollution events in Beijing,occurring from July 22 to July 28,2019,and from April 25 to May 2,2020.These events were categorized into pre-trough southerly airflow type(Type 1)and post-trough northwest flow type(Type 2).Subsequently,sensitivity analyses using the GRAPES-CUACE adjoint model were performed to quantify the contributions of precursor emissions from Beijing and surrounding areas to PM_(2.5)and O_(3) concentrations in Beijing for two types of co-pollution.The results indicated that the spatiotemporal distribution of sensitive source region varied among different circulation types.Primary PM_(2.5)(PPM_(2.5))emissions from Hebei contributed the most to the 24-hour average PM_(2.5)(24-h PM_(2.5))peak concentration(41.6%-45.4%),followed by Beijing emissions(31%-35.7%).The maximum daily 8-hour average ozone peak concentration was primarily influenced by the emissions from Hebei and Beijing,with contribution ratios respectively of 32.8%-44.8% and 29%-42.1%.Additionally,NO_(x)emissions were the main contributors in Type 1,while both NO_(x)and VOCs emissions contributed similarly in Type 2.The iterative emission reduction experiments for two types of co-pollution indicated that Type 1 required emission reductions in NO_(x)(52.4%-71.8%)and VOCs(14.1%-33.8%)only.In contrast,Type 2 required combined emission reductions in NO_(x)(37.0%-65.1%),VOCs(30.7%-56.2%),and PPM_(2.5)(31%-46.9%).This study provided a reference for controlling co-pollution events and improving air quality in Beijing.展开更多
While steady improvements have been achieved for the track forecasts of typhoons,there has been a lack of improvement for intensity forecasts.One challenge for intensity forecasts is to capture the rapid intensificati...While steady improvements have been achieved for the track forecasts of typhoons,there has been a lack of improvement for intensity forecasts.One challenge for intensity forecasts is to capture the rapid intensification(RI),whose nonlinear characteristics impose great difficulties for numerical models.The ensemble sensitivity analysis(ESA)method is used here to analyze the initial conditions that contribute to typhoon intensity forecasts,especially with RI.Six RI processes from five typhoons(Chaba,Haima,Meranti,Sarika,and Songda)in 2016,are applied with ESA,which also gives a composite initial condition that favors subsequent RI.Results from individual cases have generally similar patterns of ESA,but with different magnitudes,when various cumulus parameterization schemes are applied.To draw the initial conditions with statistical significance,sample-mean azimuthal components of ESA are obtained.Results of the composite sensitivity show that typhoons that experience RI in 24 h favor enhanced primary circulation from low to high levels,intensified secondary circulation with increased radial inflow at lower levels and increased radial outflow at upper levels,a prominent warm core at around 300 hPa,and increased humidity at low levels.As the forecast lead time increases,the patterns of ESA are retained,while the sensitivity magnitudes decay.Given the general and quantitative composite sensitivity along with associated uncertainties for different cumulus parameterization schemes,appropriate sampling of the composite sensitivity in numerical models could be beneficial to capturing the RI and improving the forecasting of typhoon intensity.展开更多
The impact of different global and local variables in urban development processes requires a systematic study to fully comprehend the underlying complexities in them.The interplay between such variables is crucial for...The impact of different global and local variables in urban development processes requires a systematic study to fully comprehend the underlying complexities in them.The interplay between such variables is crucial for modelling urban growth to closely reflects reality.Despite extensive research,ambiguity remains about how variations in these input variables influence urban densification.In this study,we conduct a global sensitivity analysis(SA)using a multinomial logistic regression(MNL)model to assess the model’s explanatory and predictive power.We examine the influence of global variables,including spatial resolution,neighborhood size,and density classes,under different input combinations at a provincial scale to understand their impact on densification.Additionally,we perform a stepwise regression to identify the significant explanatory variables that are important for understanding densification in the Brussels Metropolitan Area(BMA).Our results indicate that a finer spatial resolution of 50 m and 100 m,smaller neighborhood size of 5×5 and 3×3,and specific density classes—namely 3(non-built-up,low and high built-up)and 4(non-built-up,low,medium and high built-up)—optimally explain and predict urban densification.In line with the same,the stepwise regression reveals that models with a coarser resolution of 300 m lack significant variables,reflecting a lower explanatory power for densification.This approach aids in identifying optimal and significant global variables with higher explanatory power for understanding and predicting urban densification.Furthermore,these findings are reproducible in a global urban context,offering valuable insights for planners,modelers and geographers in managing future urban growth and minimizing modelling.展开更多
Kangbao County is located in the northwest of Bashang in Hebei Province,which is a sub-arid area in the middle temperate zone,with a cold and arid climate and frequent disastrous weather.The meteorological data of Kan...Kangbao County is located in the northwest of Bashang in Hebei Province,which is a sub-arid area in the middle temperate zone,with a cold and arid climate and frequent disastrous weather.The meteorological data of Kangbao County Meteorological Station from 1994 to 2023 were selected,and the meteorological elements such as air pressure,temperature,precipitation,wind,relative humidity,sunshine,thunderstorm,hail,gale,rainstorm,fog,and snow cover were counted.The climate background analysis and high-impact weather analysis were carried out in combination with the topographic characteristics,geographical location,and climate characteristics.The results of meteorological sensitivity survey in the park showed that industries such as food,agriculture and new energy are very sensitive to temperature.During the visit to the enterprises in the park,it was found that heavy precipitation,snow,strong winds and hail had a great impact on many industries,and it was recommended to carry out long-term planning and reasonable design of buildings.It should pay close attention to forecasts and early warnings,formulate emergency plans for high-impact weather defense,and actively take preventive measures.展开更多
An analytical method is proposed with the “stiffness gradient of the response” as a sensitivity metric, and the relationships between the vibration responses and stiffness changes are established. First, a 2-degree-...An analytical method is proposed with the “stiffness gradient of the response” as a sensitivity metric, and the relationships between the vibration responses and stiffness changes are established. First, a 2-degree-of-freedom (DOF) system is used as an example to propose a stiffness gradient-based evaluation method, taking the effective control bandwidth ratio as a metric of effectiveness. The results show that there is an optimal mass ratio in both variable mass and variable stiffness cases. Then, a typical 16-DOF system is used to investigate the frequency domain characteristics of the stiffness gradient values in the complex system. The distributions of stiffness gradient values show multiple peak intervals corresponding to the sensitive regions for vibration control. By assigning random mass parameters, a significant exponential decay relationship between the subsystem’s mass and effective control is identified, emphasizing the importance of the optimal mass ratio. The finite-element simulation results of solid plate models with springs and oscillators further validate the theoretical results. In short, the gradient value of stiffness effectively quantifies the effects of subsystems on vibration control, providing an analytical tool for active control in complex systems. The identified exponential decay relationship offers meaningful guidance for implementation strategies.展开更多
Pingquan City,the origin of five rivers,serves as the core water conservation zone for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and exemplifies the characteristics of small watersheds in hilly areas.In recent years,excessive ...Pingquan City,the origin of five rivers,serves as the core water conservation zone for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and exemplifies the characteristics of small watersheds in hilly areas.In recent years,excessive mining and intensified human activities have severely disrupted the local ecosystem,creating an urgent need for ecological vulnerability assessment to enhance water conservation functions.This study employed the sensitivity-resilience-pressure model,integrating various data sources,including regional background,hydro-meteorological data,field investigations,remote sensing analysis,and socio-economic data.The weights of the model indices were determined using an entropy weighting model that combines principal component analysis and the analytic hierarchy process.Using the ArcGIS platform,the spatial distribution and driving forces of ecological vulnerability in 2020 were analyzed,providing valuable insights for regional ecological restoration.The results indicated that the overall Ecological Vulnerability Index(EVI)was 0.389,signifying moderate ecological vulnerability,with significant variation between watersheds.The Daling River Basin had a high EVI,with ecological vulnerability primarily in levels IV and V,indicating high ecological pressure,whereas the Laoniu River Basin had a low EVI,reflecting minimal ecological pressure.Soil type was identified as the primary driving factor,followed by elevation,temperature,and soil erosion as secondary factors.It is recommended to focus on key regions and critical factors while conducting comprehensive monitoring and assessment to ensure the long-term success of ecological management efforts.展开更多
Six new lanthanide complexes:[Ln(3,4-DEOBA)3(4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy)]2·2C_(2)H_(5)OH,[Ln=Dy(1),Eu(2),Tb(3),Sm(4),Ho(5),Gd(6);3,4-DEOBA-=3,4-diethoxybenzoate,4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy=4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'...Six new lanthanide complexes:[Ln(3,4-DEOBA)3(4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy)]2·2C_(2)H_(5)OH,[Ln=Dy(1),Eu(2),Tb(3),Sm(4),Ho(5),Gd(6);3,4-DEOBA-=3,4-diethoxybenzoate,4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy=4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine]were successfully synthesized by the volatilization of the solution at room temperature.The crystal structures of six complexes were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technology.The results showed that the complexes all have a binuclear structure,and the structures contain free ethanol molecules.Moreover,the coordination number of the central metal of each structural unit is eight.Adjacent structural units interact with each other through hydrogen bonds and further expand to form 1D chain-like and 2D planar structures.After conducting a systematic study on the luminescence properties of complexes 1-4,their emission and excitation spectra were obtained.Experimental results indicated that the fluorescence lifetimes of complexes 2 and 3 were 0.807 and 0.845 ms,respectively.The emission spectral data of complexes 1-4 were imported into the CIE chromaticity coordinate system,and their corre sponding luminescent regions cover the yellow light,red light,green light,and orange-red light bands,respectively.Within the temperature range of 299.15-1300 K,the thermal decomposition processes of the six complexes were comprehensively analyzed by using TG-DSC/FTIR/MS technology.The hypothesis of the gradual loss of ligand groups during the decomposition process was verified by detecting the escaped gas,3D infrared spectroscopy,and ion fragment information detected by mass spectrometry.The specific decomposition path is as follows:firstly,free ethanol molecules and neutral ligands are removed,and finally,acidic ligands are released;the final product is the corresponding metal oxide.CCDC:2430420,1;2430422,2;2430419,3;2430424,4;2430421,5;2430423,6.展开更多
Border-associated macrophages are located at the interface between the brain and the periphery, including the perivascular spaces, choroid plexus, and meninges. Until recently, the functions of border-associated macro...Border-associated macrophages are located at the interface between the brain and the periphery, including the perivascular spaces, choroid plexus, and meninges. Until recently, the functions of border-associated macrophages have been poorly understood and largely overlooked. However, a recent study reported that border-associated macrophages participate in stroke-induced inflammation, although many details and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive single-cell analysis of mouse border-associated macrophages using sequencing data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) database(GSE174574 and GSE225948). Differentially expressed genes were identified, and enrichment analysis was performed to identify the transcription profile of border-associated macrophages. CellChat analysis was conducted to determine the cell communication network of border-associated macrophages. Transcription factors were predicted using the ‘pySCENIC' tool. We found that, in response to hypoxia, borderassociated macrophages underwent dynamic transcriptional changes and participated in the regulation of inflammatory-related pathways. Notably, the tumor necrosis factor pathway was activated by border-associated macrophages following ischemic stroke. The pySCENIC analysis indicated that the activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(Stat3) was obviously upregulated in stroke, suggesting that Stat3 inhibition may be a promising strategy for treating border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation. Finally, we constructed an animal model to investigate the effects of border-associated macrophages depletion following a stroke. Treatment with liposomes containing clodronate significantly reduced infarct volume in the animals and improved neurological scores compared with untreated animals. Taken together, our results demonstrate comprehensive changes in border-associated macrophages following a stroke, providing a theoretical basis for targeting border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation in stroke treatment.展开更多
Background:Receptor-interacting protein kinases(RIPKs)regulate cell death,inflammation,and immune responses,yet their roles in cancer are not fully understood.This study investigates the expression,genomic alterations...Background:Receptor-interacting protein kinases(RIPKs)regulate cell death,inflammation,and immune responses,yet their roles in cancer are not fully understood.This study investigates the expression,genomic alterations,and functional implications of RIPK family members across various cancers.Methods:We collected multi-omics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and other public databases,including gene expression,copy number variation(CNV),mutation,methylation,tumor mutation burden(TMB),and microsatellite instability(MSI).Differential expression and survival analyses were performed using DESeq2 and Cox proportional hazards models.CNV and mutation data were analyzed with GISTIC2 and Mutect2,and methylation data with the ChAMP package.Correlations with TMB and MSI were assessed using Pearson coefficients,and gene set enrichment analysis was conducted with the MSigDB Hallmark gene sets.Results:RIPK family members show significant differential expression in various cancers,with RIPK1 and RIPK4 frequently altered.Survival analysis reveals heterogeneous impacts on overall survival.CNV and mutation analyses identify high alteration frequencies for RIPK2 and RIPK7,affecting gene expression.RIPK1 and RIPK7 are hypermethylated in several cancers,inversely correlating with RIPK3 expression.RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK5,RIPK6,and RIPK7 correlate positively with TMB,while RIPK3 shows negative correlations in some cancers.MSI analysis indicates associations with DNA mismatch repair.G ene set enrichment analysis highlights immune-related pathway enrichment for RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK3,and RIPK6,and cell proliferation and DNA repair pathways for RIPK4 and RIPK5.RIPK family members showed heterogeneous alterations across cancers:for example,RIPK7 was mutated in up to~15%of u terine c orpus e ndometrial c arcinoma and l ung s quamous c ell c arcinoma cases,and RIPK1 and RIPK7 exhibited frequent promoter hypermethylation in multiple tumor types.Several genes displayed context-dependent associations with overall survival and with TMB/MSI.Conclusion:This pan-cancer analysis of the RIPK family reveals their diverse roles and potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.The findings emphasize the importance of RIPK genes in tumorigenesis and suggest context-dependent functions across cancer types.Further studies are needed to explore their mechanisms in cancer development and clinical applications.展开更多
The sulfation and decomposition process has proven effective in selectively extracting lithium from lepidolite.It is essential to clarify the thermochemical behavior and kinetic parameters of decomposition reactions.A...The sulfation and decomposition process has proven effective in selectively extracting lithium from lepidolite.It is essential to clarify the thermochemical behavior and kinetic parameters of decomposition reactions.Accordingly,comprehensive kinetic study by employing thermalgravimetric analysis at various heating rates was presented in this paper.Two main weight loss regions were observed during heating.The initial region corresponded to the dehydration of crystal water,whereas the subsequent region with overlapping peaks involved complex decomposition reactions.The overlapping peaks were separated into two individual reaction peaks and the activation energy of each peak was calculated using isoconversional kinetics methods.The activation energy of peak 1 exhibited a continual increase as the reaction conversion progressed,while that of peak 2 steadily decreased.The optimal kinetic models,identified as belonging to the random nucleation and subsequent growth category,provided valuable insights into the mechanism of the decomposition reactions.Furthermore,the adjustment factor was introduced to reconstruct the kinetic mechanism models,and the reconstructed models described the kinetic mechanism model more accurately for the decomposition reactions.This study enhanced the understanding of the thermochemical behavior and kinetic parameters of the lepidolite sulfation product decomposition reactions,further providing theoretical basis for promoting the selective extraction of lithium.展开更多
To curb the worsening tropospheric ozone(O_(3))pollution problem in China,a rapid and accurate identification of O_(3)-precursor sensitivity(OPS)is a crucial prerequisite for formulating effective contingency O_(3) po...To curb the worsening tropospheric ozone(O_(3))pollution problem in China,a rapid and accurate identification of O_(3)-precursor sensitivity(OPS)is a crucial prerequisite for formulating effective contingency O_(3) pollution control strategies.However,currently widely-used methods,such as statistical models and numerical models,exhibit inherent limitations in identifying OPS in a timely and accurate manner.In this study,we developed a novel approach to identify OPS based on eXtreme Gradient Boosting model,Shapley additive explanation(SHAP)al-gorithm,and volatile organic compound(VOC)photochemical decay adjustment,using the meteorology and speciated pollutant monitoring data as the input.By comparing the difference in SHAP values between base sce-nario and precursor reduction scenario for nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))and VOCs,OPS was divided into NO_(x)-limited,VOCs-limited and transition regime.Using the long-lasting O_(3) pollution episode in the autumn of 2022 at the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA)as an example,we demonstrated large spatiotemporal heterogeneities of OPS over the GBA,which were generally shifted from NO_(x)-limited to VOCs-limited from September to October and more inclined to be VOCs-limited at the central and NO_(x)-limited in the peripheral areas.This study developed an innovative OPS identification method by comparing the difference in SHAP value before and after precursor emission reduction.Our method enables the accurate identification of OPS in the time scale of seconds,thereby providing a state-of-the-art tool for the rapid guidance of spatial-specific O_(3) control strategies.展开更多
文摘To ensure the safe transportation of radioactive materials,numerous countries have established specific standards.For the transfer of fissile materials,it is imperative that the material within the packaging remains in a subcritical state during routine,normal,and accidental transport conditions.In the event of an accident,the rods within the storage tank may become rearranged,introducing uncertainty that must be accounted for to ensure that criticality analysis results are conservative.Historically,this uncertainty was addressed overly conservatively due to limited research on non-uniform arrangement scenarios,which proved unsuitable for criticality safety analysis of spent fuel packages.This paper introduced three distinct methods to non-uniformly rearrange fuel rods—Uniform Arrangement by Blocks,Layer-by-Layer Determination,and Birdcage Deformation—and meticulously evaluates the influences of rod rearrangement on the effective multiplication factor of neutrons,k eff,utilizing the Monte Carlo method.Ultimately,this study presents a holistic method capable of encompassing the entire spectrum of potential effects stemming from the rearrangement of fuel rods during rods mispositioning accident.By augmenting the safety margin,this approach proves to be adeptly suited for the criticality safety analysis of nuclear fuel transport containers.
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory of Offshore Oil and Gas Exploitation, Open Fund Project (No. CCL2023RCPS0162RQN)the primary funding, National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. ZX20230400)
文摘Saline aquifers are considered as highly favored reservoirs for CO_(2)sequestration due to their favorable properties.Understanding the impact of saline aquifer properties on the migration and distribution of CO_(2)plume is crucial.This study focuses on four key parameters-permeability,porosity,formation pressure,and temperature-to characterize the reservoir and analyse the petrophysical and elastic response of CO_(2).First,we performed reservoir simulations to simulate CO_(2)saturation,using multiple sets of these four parameters to examine their significance on CO_(2)saturation and the plume migration speed.Subsequently,the effect of these parameters on the elastic properties is tested using rock physics theory.We established a relationship of compressional wave velocity(V_(p))and quality factor(Q_(p))with the four key parameters,and conducted a sensitivity analysis to test their sensitivity to V_(p) and Q_(p).Finally,we utilized visco-acoustic wave equation simulated time-lapse seismic data based on the computed V_(p) and Q_(p) models,and analysed the impact of CO_(2) saturation changes on seismic data.As for the above nu-merical simulations and analysis,we conducted sensitivity analysis using both homogeneous and heterogeneous models.Consistent results are found between homogeneous and heterogeneous models.The permeability is the most sensitive parameter to the CO_(2)saturation,while porosity emerges as the primary factor affecting both Q_(p) and V_(p).Both Q_(p) and V_(p) increase with the porosity,which contradicts the observations in gas reservoirs.The seismic simulations highlight significant variations in the seismic response to different parameters.We provided analysis for these observations,which serves as a valuable reference for comprehensive CO_(2)integrity analysis,time-lapse monitoring,injection planning and site selection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42250103 and 42174090)the Opening Fund of Key Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education(Grant No.GLAB2023ZR02)the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)Special Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources(Grant No.MSFGPMR2022-4)。
文摘As a means of quantitative interpretation,forward calculations of the global lithospheric magnetic field in the Spherical Harmonic(SH)domain have been widely used to reveal geophysical,lithological,and geothermal variations in the lithosphere.Traditional approaches either do not consider the non-axial dipolar terms of the inducing field and its radial variation or do so by means of complicated formulae.Moreover,existing methods treat the magnetic lithosphere either as an infinitesimally thin layer or as a radially uniform spherical shell of constant thickness.Here,we present alternative forward formulae that account for an arbitrarily high maximum degree of the inducing field and for a magnetic lithosphere of variable thickness.Our simulations based on these formulae suggest that the satellite magnetic anomaly field is sensitive to the non-axial dipolar terms of the inducing field but not to its radial variation.Therefore,in forward and inverse calculations of satellite magnetic anomaly data,the non-axial dipolar terms of the inducing field should not be ignored.Furthermore,our results show that the satellite magnetic anomaly field is sensitive to variability in the lateral thickness of the magnetized shell.In particular,we show that for a given vertically integrated susceptibility distribution,underestimating the thickness of the magnetic layer overestimates the induced magnetic field.This discovery bridges the greatest part of the alleged gap between the susceptibility values measured from rock samples and the susceptibility values required to match the observed magnetic field signal.We expect the formulae and conclusions of this study to be a valuable tool for the quantitative interpretation of the Earth's global lithospheric magnetic field,through an inverse or forward modelling approach.
基金jointly funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42161024)the Central Financial Forestry and Grassland Science and Technology Extension Demonstration Project(2025)(Grant No.Xin[2025]TG 09)。
文摘Accurate quantification of carbon and water fluxes dynamics in arid and semi-arid ecosystems is a critical scientific challenge for regional carbon neutrality assessments and sustainable water resource management.In this study,we developed a multi-flux global sensitivity discriminant index(D_(sen))by integrating the Biome-BGCMuSo model with eddy covariance flux observations.This index was combined with a Bayesian optimization algorithm to conduct parameter optimization.The results demonstrated that:(1)Sensitivity analysis identified 13 highly sensitive parameters affecting carbon and water fluxes.Among these,the canopy light extinction coefficient(k)and the fraction of leaf N in Rubisco(FLNR)exhibited significantly higher sensitivity to carbon fluxes(GPP,NEE,Reco;D_(sen)>10%)compared to water flux(ET).This highlights the strong dependence of carbon cycle simulations on vegetation physiological parameters.(2)The Bayesian optimization framework efficiently converged 30 parameter spaces within 50 iterations,markedly improving carbon fluxes simulation accuracy.The Kling-Gupta efficiency(KGE)values for Gross Primary Production(GPP),Net Ecosystem Exchange(NEE),and Total Respiration(Reco)increased by 44.94%,69.23%and 123%,respectively.The optimization prioritized highly sensitive parameters,underscoring the necessity of parameter sensitivity stratification.(3)The optimized model effectively reproduced carbon sink characteristics in mountain meadows during the growing season(cumulative NEE=-375 g C/m^(2)).It revealed synergistic carbon-water fluxes interactions governed by coupled photosynthesis-stomatal pathways and identified substrate supply limitations on heterotrophic respiration.This study proposes a novel multi-flux sensitivity index and an efficient optimization framework,elucidating the coupling mechanisms between vegetation physiological regulation(k,FLNR)and environmental stressors(VPD,SWD)in carbonwater cycles.The methodology offers a practical approach for arid ecosystem model optimization and provides theoretical insights for grassland management through canopy structure regulation and water-use efficiency enhancement.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52174123&52274222).
文摘This paper presents a framework for constructing surrogate models for sensitivity analysis of structural dynamics behavior.Physical models involving deformation,such as collisions,vibrations,and penetration,are devel-oped using the material point method.To reduce the computational cost of Monte Carlo simulations,response surface models are created as surrogate models for the material point system to approximate its dynamic behavior.An adaptive randomized greedy algorithm is employed to construct a sparse polynomial chaos expansion model with a fixed order,effectively balancing the accuracy and computational efficiency of the surrogate model.Based on the sparse polynomial chaos expansion,sensitivity analysis is conducted using the global finite difference and Sobol methods.Several examples of structural dynamics are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in addressing structural dynamics problems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52306036,52325602 and U2441279)the National Science and Technology Major Project,China(Nos.Y2022-Ⅱ-0003-0006 and Y2022-Ⅱ-0002-0005)supported by the Project of National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero-thermodynamics,China(Nos.6142702200101 and 2024-CXPT-GF-JJ-88-0103)。
文摘This paper presents a sensitivity analysis method for analyzing the key factors affecting the stability problem of the transonic compressors.The adjoint method is integrated into the meridional stability model,a linear stability prediction model utilized to analyze the flow stability problem of the compressor,and the sensitivity analysis method is further developed for the flow stability problem of the compressor.The study selects the NASA Rot or 37,a transonic compressor,as the research object to verify the proposed method and explore the sensitive factors leading to the stall inception.The results of sensitivity analysis to both the flow parameters and the external source terms reveal that the stall inception is sensitive to the base flow field at the rotor tip and the stability margin of the compressor can be enhanced by improving the flow field at this region.Physical explanations are presented and discussed to correlate the three-dimensional flow field to the results obtained via the employed analysis method,which shows that flow structures and characteristics near the end-wall region,especially the tip leakage flow or the tip leakage vortex and its interaction with the shock wave,contribute to the stall inception.
基金supported by the Talent Project of Tianchi Young-Doctoral Program in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China(No.51052401510)Natural Science Foundation General Project(Grant Number 2025D01C36)of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China+1 种基金This study received financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Province(Grant Nos.2022TSYCTD0019 and 2022D01D32)the China Scholarship Council(CSC)(Grant No.2021SLJ009915).
文摘Roll coating is a vital industrial process used in printing,packaging,and polymer film production,where maintaining a uniform coating is critical for product quality and efficiency.This work models non-isothermal Carreau fluid flow between a rotating roll and a stationary wall under fixed boundary constraints to evaluate how non-Newtonian and thermal effects influence coating performance.The governing equations are transformed into non-dimensional form and simplified using lubrication approximation theory.Approximate analytical solutions are obtained via the perturbation technique,while numerical results are computed using both the finite difference method and the BVPMidrich technique.Furthermore,Response surface methodology(RSM)is employed for optimization and sensitivity analysis.Analytical and numerical results show strong agreement(<1%deviation).The model predicts coating thickness 0.55≤λ≤0.64,power input 1.05≤P_(w)≤1.99,and separation force 0.91≤S_(f)≤1.82 for 0.1≤We≤0.9 and 0.01≤F≤0.09.Increasing We enhances the coating thickness and power input but reduces velocity and separation force.The findings provide physical insight into elastic and viscous effects in roll coating,providing insight for optimizing coating uniformity,minimizing wear,improving industrial coating processes,and extending substrate lifespan.
基金Dalian Municipal Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.2019RD01。
文摘Economic losses and catastrophic casualties may occur once super high-rise structures are struck by low-probability but high-consequence scenarios of concurrent earthquakes and winds. Therefore, accurately predicting multi-hazard dynamic responses to super high-rise structures has significant engineering and scientific value. This study performed a parametric global sensitivity analysis (GSA) for multi-hazard dynamic response prediction of super high-rise structures using the multiple-degree-of-freedom shear (MFS) model. Polynomial chaos Kriging (PCK) was introduced to build a surrogate model that allowed GSA to be combined with Sobol’ indices. Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is also conducted for the comparison to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the PCK method. Parametric sensitivity analysis is performed for a wide range of aleatory uncertainty (intensities of coupled multi-hazard), epistemic uncertainty (bending stiffness, k_(m);shear stiffness, kq;density, ρ;and damping ratio, ξ), probability distribution types, and coefficients of variation. The results indicate that epistemic uncertainty parameters, k_(m), ρ, and ξ dramatically affect the multi-hazard dynamic responses of super high-rise structures;in addition, Sobol’ indices between the normal and lognormal distributions are insignificant, while the variation levels have remarkably influenced the sensitivity indices.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3701205)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41975173)the Science and Technology Development Fund of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(No.2021KJ011)。
文摘In recent years,incidents of simultaneous exceedance of PM_(2.5)and O_(3) concentrations,termed PM_(2.5)and O_(3) co-pollution events,have frequently occurred in China.This study conducted atmospheric circulation analysis on two typical co-pollution events in Beijing,occurring from July 22 to July 28,2019,and from April 25 to May 2,2020.These events were categorized into pre-trough southerly airflow type(Type 1)and post-trough northwest flow type(Type 2).Subsequently,sensitivity analyses using the GRAPES-CUACE adjoint model were performed to quantify the contributions of precursor emissions from Beijing and surrounding areas to PM_(2.5)and O_(3) concentrations in Beijing for two types of co-pollution.The results indicated that the spatiotemporal distribution of sensitive source region varied among different circulation types.Primary PM_(2.5)(PPM_(2.5))emissions from Hebei contributed the most to the 24-hour average PM_(2.5)(24-h PM_(2.5))peak concentration(41.6%-45.4%),followed by Beijing emissions(31%-35.7%).The maximum daily 8-hour average ozone peak concentration was primarily influenced by the emissions from Hebei and Beijing,with contribution ratios respectively of 32.8%-44.8% and 29%-42.1%.Additionally,NO_(x)emissions were the main contributors in Type 1,while both NO_(x)and VOCs emissions contributed similarly in Type 2.The iterative emission reduction experiments for two types of co-pollution indicated that Type 1 required emission reductions in NO_(x)(52.4%-71.8%)and VOCs(14.1%-33.8%)only.In contrast,Type 2 required combined emission reductions in NO_(x)(37.0%-65.1%),VOCs(30.7%-56.2%),and PPM_(2.5)(31%-46.9%).This study provided a reference for controlling co-pollution events and improving air quality in Beijing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 42192553 and 41922036]the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities–Cemac“GeoX”Interdisciplinary Program[grant number 020714380207]。
文摘While steady improvements have been achieved for the track forecasts of typhoons,there has been a lack of improvement for intensity forecasts.One challenge for intensity forecasts is to capture the rapid intensification(RI),whose nonlinear characteristics impose great difficulties for numerical models.The ensemble sensitivity analysis(ESA)method is used here to analyze the initial conditions that contribute to typhoon intensity forecasts,especially with RI.Six RI processes from five typhoons(Chaba,Haima,Meranti,Sarika,and Songda)in 2016,are applied with ESA,which also gives a composite initial condition that favors subsequent RI.Results from individual cases have generally similar patterns of ESA,but with different magnitudes,when various cumulus parameterization schemes are applied.To draw the initial conditions with statistical significance,sample-mean azimuthal components of ESA are obtained.Results of the composite sensitivity show that typhoons that experience RI in 24 h favor enhanced primary circulation from low to high levels,intensified secondary circulation with increased radial inflow at lower levels and increased radial outflow at upper levels,a prominent warm core at around 300 hPa,and increased humidity at low levels.As the forecast lead time increases,the patterns of ESA are retained,while the sensitivity magnitudes decay.Given the general and quantitative composite sensitivity along with associated uncertainties for different cumulus parameterization schemes,appropriate sampling of the composite sensitivity in numerical models could be beneficial to capturing the RI and improving the forecasting of typhoon intensity.
基金funded by the INTER program and cofunded by the Fond National de la Recherche,Luxembourg(FNR)and the Fund for Scientific Research-FNRS,Belgium(F.R.S-FNRS),T.0233.20-‘Sustainable Residential Densification’project(SusDens,2020–2024).
文摘The impact of different global and local variables in urban development processes requires a systematic study to fully comprehend the underlying complexities in them.The interplay between such variables is crucial for modelling urban growth to closely reflects reality.Despite extensive research,ambiguity remains about how variations in these input variables influence urban densification.In this study,we conduct a global sensitivity analysis(SA)using a multinomial logistic regression(MNL)model to assess the model’s explanatory and predictive power.We examine the influence of global variables,including spatial resolution,neighborhood size,and density classes,under different input combinations at a provincial scale to understand their impact on densification.Additionally,we perform a stepwise regression to identify the significant explanatory variables that are important for understanding densification in the Brussels Metropolitan Area(BMA).Our results indicate that a finer spatial resolution of 50 m and 100 m,smaller neighborhood size of 5×5 and 3×3,and specific density classes—namely 3(non-built-up,low and high built-up)and 4(non-built-up,low,medium and high built-up)—optimally explain and predict urban densification.In line with the same,the stepwise regression reveals that models with a coarser resolution of 300 m lack significant variables,reflecting a lower explanatory power for densification.This approach aids in identifying optimal and significant global variables with higher explanatory power for understanding and predicting urban densification.Furthermore,these findings are reproducible in a global urban context,offering valuable insights for planners,modelers and geographers in managing future urban growth and minimizing modelling.
文摘Kangbao County is located in the northwest of Bashang in Hebei Province,which is a sub-arid area in the middle temperate zone,with a cold and arid climate and frequent disastrous weather.The meteorological data of Kangbao County Meteorological Station from 1994 to 2023 were selected,and the meteorological elements such as air pressure,temperature,precipitation,wind,relative humidity,sunshine,thunderstorm,hail,gale,rainstorm,fog,and snow cover were counted.The climate background analysis and high-impact weather analysis were carried out in combination with the topographic characteristics,geographical location,and climate characteristics.The results of meteorological sensitivity survey in the park showed that industries such as food,agriculture and new energy are very sensitive to temperature.During the visit to the enterprises in the park,it was found that heavy precipitation,snow,strong winds and hail had a great impact on many industries,and it was recommended to carry out long-term planning and reasonable design of buildings.It should pay close attention to forecasts and early warnings,formulate emergency plans for high-impact weather defense,and actively take preventive measures.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52241103 and 52322505)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(No.2023JJ10055)。
文摘An analytical method is proposed with the “stiffness gradient of the response” as a sensitivity metric, and the relationships between the vibration responses and stiffness changes are established. First, a 2-degree-of-freedom (DOF) system is used as an example to propose a stiffness gradient-based evaluation method, taking the effective control bandwidth ratio as a metric of effectiveness. The results show that there is an optimal mass ratio in both variable mass and variable stiffness cases. Then, a typical 16-DOF system is used to investigate the frequency domain characteristics of the stiffness gradient values in the complex system. The distributions of stiffness gradient values show multiple peak intervals corresponding to the sensitive regions for vibration control. By assigning random mass parameters, a significant exponential decay relationship between the subsystem’s mass and effective control is identified, emphasizing the importance of the optimal mass ratio. The finite-element simulation results of solid plate models with springs and oscillators further validate the theoretical results. In short, the gradient value of stiffness effectively quantifies the effects of subsystems on vibration control, providing an analytical tool for active control in complex systems. The identified exponential decay relationship offers meaningful guidance for implementation strategies.
基金supported by the project of China Geological Survey(No.DD20220954)Open Funding Project of the Key Laboratory of Groundwater Sciences and Engineering,Ministry of Natural Resources(No.SK202301-4)+1 种基金Open Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Coupling Process and Effect of Natural Resources Elements(No.2022KFKTC009)Yanzhao Shanshui Science and Innovation Fund of Langfang Integrated Natural Resources Survey Center,China Geological Survey(No.YZSSJJ202401-001).
文摘Pingquan City,the origin of five rivers,serves as the core water conservation zone for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and exemplifies the characteristics of small watersheds in hilly areas.In recent years,excessive mining and intensified human activities have severely disrupted the local ecosystem,creating an urgent need for ecological vulnerability assessment to enhance water conservation functions.This study employed the sensitivity-resilience-pressure model,integrating various data sources,including regional background,hydro-meteorological data,field investigations,remote sensing analysis,and socio-economic data.The weights of the model indices were determined using an entropy weighting model that combines principal component analysis and the analytic hierarchy process.Using the ArcGIS platform,the spatial distribution and driving forces of ecological vulnerability in 2020 were analyzed,providing valuable insights for regional ecological restoration.The results indicated that the overall Ecological Vulnerability Index(EVI)was 0.389,signifying moderate ecological vulnerability,with significant variation between watersheds.The Daling River Basin had a high EVI,with ecological vulnerability primarily in levels IV and V,indicating high ecological pressure,whereas the Laoniu River Basin had a low EVI,reflecting minimal ecological pressure.Soil type was identified as the primary driving factor,followed by elevation,temperature,and soil erosion as secondary factors.It is recommended to focus on key regions and critical factors while conducting comprehensive monitoring and assessment to ensure the long-term success of ecological management efforts.
文摘Six new lanthanide complexes:[Ln(3,4-DEOBA)3(4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy)]2·2C_(2)H_(5)OH,[Ln=Dy(1),Eu(2),Tb(3),Sm(4),Ho(5),Gd(6);3,4-DEOBA-=3,4-diethoxybenzoate,4,4'-DM-2,2'-bipy=4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine]were successfully synthesized by the volatilization of the solution at room temperature.The crystal structures of six complexes were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technology.The results showed that the complexes all have a binuclear structure,and the structures contain free ethanol molecules.Moreover,the coordination number of the central metal of each structural unit is eight.Adjacent structural units interact with each other through hydrogen bonds and further expand to form 1D chain-like and 2D planar structures.After conducting a systematic study on the luminescence properties of complexes 1-4,their emission and excitation spectra were obtained.Experimental results indicated that the fluorescence lifetimes of complexes 2 and 3 were 0.807 and 0.845 ms,respectively.The emission spectral data of complexes 1-4 were imported into the CIE chromaticity coordinate system,and their corre sponding luminescent regions cover the yellow light,red light,green light,and orange-red light bands,respectively.Within the temperature range of 299.15-1300 K,the thermal decomposition processes of the six complexes were comprehensively analyzed by using TG-DSC/FTIR/MS technology.The hypothesis of the gradual loss of ligand groups during the decomposition process was verified by detecting the escaped gas,3D infrared spectroscopy,and ion fragment information detected by mass spectrometry.The specific decomposition path is as follows:firstly,free ethanol molecules and neutral ligands are removed,and finally,acidic ligands are released;the final product is the corresponding metal oxide.CCDC:2430420,1;2430422,2;2430419,3;2430424,4;2430421,5;2430423,6.
基金supported by Qingdao Key Medical and Health Discipline ProjectThe Intramural Research Program of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University,No. 4910Qingdao West Coast New Area Science and Technology Project,No. 2020-55 (all to SW)。
文摘Border-associated macrophages are located at the interface between the brain and the periphery, including the perivascular spaces, choroid plexus, and meninges. Until recently, the functions of border-associated macrophages have been poorly understood and largely overlooked. However, a recent study reported that border-associated macrophages participate in stroke-induced inflammation, although many details and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive single-cell analysis of mouse border-associated macrophages using sequencing data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) database(GSE174574 and GSE225948). Differentially expressed genes were identified, and enrichment analysis was performed to identify the transcription profile of border-associated macrophages. CellChat analysis was conducted to determine the cell communication network of border-associated macrophages. Transcription factors were predicted using the ‘pySCENIC' tool. We found that, in response to hypoxia, borderassociated macrophages underwent dynamic transcriptional changes and participated in the regulation of inflammatory-related pathways. Notably, the tumor necrosis factor pathway was activated by border-associated macrophages following ischemic stroke. The pySCENIC analysis indicated that the activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(Stat3) was obviously upregulated in stroke, suggesting that Stat3 inhibition may be a promising strategy for treating border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation. Finally, we constructed an animal model to investigate the effects of border-associated macrophages depletion following a stroke. Treatment with liposomes containing clodronate significantly reduced infarct volume in the animals and improved neurological scores compared with untreated animals. Taken together, our results demonstrate comprehensive changes in border-associated macrophages following a stroke, providing a theoretical basis for targeting border-associated macrophages-induced neuroinflammation in stroke treatment.
基金supported by grants from the Tianjin Health Technology Project(Grant no.2022QN106).
文摘Background:Receptor-interacting protein kinases(RIPKs)regulate cell death,inflammation,and immune responses,yet their roles in cancer are not fully understood.This study investigates the expression,genomic alterations,and functional implications of RIPK family members across various cancers.Methods:We collected multi-omics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and other public databases,including gene expression,copy number variation(CNV),mutation,methylation,tumor mutation burden(TMB),and microsatellite instability(MSI).Differential expression and survival analyses were performed using DESeq2 and Cox proportional hazards models.CNV and mutation data were analyzed with GISTIC2 and Mutect2,and methylation data with the ChAMP package.Correlations with TMB and MSI were assessed using Pearson coefficients,and gene set enrichment analysis was conducted with the MSigDB Hallmark gene sets.Results:RIPK family members show significant differential expression in various cancers,with RIPK1 and RIPK4 frequently altered.Survival analysis reveals heterogeneous impacts on overall survival.CNV and mutation analyses identify high alteration frequencies for RIPK2 and RIPK7,affecting gene expression.RIPK1 and RIPK7 are hypermethylated in several cancers,inversely correlating with RIPK3 expression.RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK5,RIPK6,and RIPK7 correlate positively with TMB,while RIPK3 shows negative correlations in some cancers.MSI analysis indicates associations with DNA mismatch repair.G ene set enrichment analysis highlights immune-related pathway enrichment for RIPK1,RIPK2,RIPK3,and RIPK6,and cell proliferation and DNA repair pathways for RIPK4 and RIPK5.RIPK family members showed heterogeneous alterations across cancers:for example,RIPK7 was mutated in up to~15%of u terine c orpus e ndometrial c arcinoma and l ung s quamous c ell c arcinoma cases,and RIPK1 and RIPK7 exhibited frequent promoter hypermethylation in multiple tumor types.Several genes displayed context-dependent associations with overall survival and with TMB/MSI.Conclusion:This pan-cancer analysis of the RIPK family reveals their diverse roles and potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.The findings emphasize the importance of RIPK genes in tumorigenesis and suggest context-dependent functions across cancer types.Further studies are needed to explore their mechanisms in cancer development and clinical applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52034002 and U2202254)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.FRF-TT-19-001)。
文摘The sulfation and decomposition process has proven effective in selectively extracting lithium from lepidolite.It is essential to clarify the thermochemical behavior and kinetic parameters of decomposition reactions.Accordingly,comprehensive kinetic study by employing thermalgravimetric analysis at various heating rates was presented in this paper.Two main weight loss regions were observed during heating.The initial region corresponded to the dehydration of crystal water,whereas the subsequent region with overlapping peaks involved complex decomposition reactions.The overlapping peaks were separated into two individual reaction peaks and the activation energy of each peak was calculated using isoconversional kinetics methods.The activation energy of peak 1 exhibited a continual increase as the reaction conversion progressed,while that of peak 2 steadily decreased.The optimal kinetic models,identified as belonging to the random nucleation and subsequent growth category,provided valuable insights into the mechanism of the decomposition reactions.Furthermore,the adjustment factor was introduced to reconstruct the kinetic mechanism models,and the reconstructed models described the kinetic mechanism model more accurately for the decomposition reactions.This study enhanced the understanding of the thermochemical behavior and kinetic parameters of the lepidolite sulfation product decomposition reactions,further providing theoretical basis for promoting the selective extraction of lithium.
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2020B1111360003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42465008 and 42105164)+2 种基金Yunnan Science and Technology Department Project(No.202501AT070239)Yunnan Science and Technology Department Youth Project(No.202401AU070202)Xianyang Rapid Response Decision Support Project for Ozone(No.YZ2024-ZB019).
文摘To curb the worsening tropospheric ozone(O_(3))pollution problem in China,a rapid and accurate identification of O_(3)-precursor sensitivity(OPS)is a crucial prerequisite for formulating effective contingency O_(3) pollution control strategies.However,currently widely-used methods,such as statistical models and numerical models,exhibit inherent limitations in identifying OPS in a timely and accurate manner.In this study,we developed a novel approach to identify OPS based on eXtreme Gradient Boosting model,Shapley additive explanation(SHAP)al-gorithm,and volatile organic compound(VOC)photochemical decay adjustment,using the meteorology and speciated pollutant monitoring data as the input.By comparing the difference in SHAP values between base sce-nario and precursor reduction scenario for nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))and VOCs,OPS was divided into NO_(x)-limited,VOCs-limited and transition regime.Using the long-lasting O_(3) pollution episode in the autumn of 2022 at the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA)as an example,we demonstrated large spatiotemporal heterogeneities of OPS over the GBA,which were generally shifted from NO_(x)-limited to VOCs-limited from September to October and more inclined to be VOCs-limited at the central and NO_(x)-limited in the peripheral areas.This study developed an innovative OPS identification method by comparing the difference in SHAP value before and after precursor emission reduction.Our method enables the accurate identification of OPS in the time scale of seconds,thereby providing a state-of-the-art tool for the rapid guidance of spatial-specific O_(3) control strategies.
