To investigate the mechanisms of apigenin(API)and proanthocyanidins(PC)in soothing sensitive skin(SS),a mast cell degranulation model was established by stimulating RBL-2H3 cells with the calcium ionophore A23187.Base...To investigate the mechanisms of apigenin(API)and proanthocyanidins(PC)in soothing sensitive skin(SS),a mast cell degranulation model was established by stimulating RBL-2H3 cells with the calcium ionophore A23187.Based on the combinatorial experiments,it was found that when API and PC were combined at the molar ratios of 4∶1 and 2∶1,they exhibited the antagonistic effects on histamine release(combination index CI>1);when they are combined at the molar ratios of 1∶1,1∶2 or 1∶4,they showed the synergistic effects on histamine release(CI<1).Among them,the combination of API and PC at a molar ratio of 1∶1 showed the better potent synergistic antihistamine release effect(CI=0.70).Histamine is a hallmark of the mast cell degranulation,consequently,the combination of API and PC at a molar ratio of 1∶1 yields the better efficiency in inhibiting the mast cell degranulation with the lowest IC_(50)value.Compared to the utilization of API or PC alone,the IC_(50)value was reduced by 11.150 and 6.503μmol/L,respectively.Compared to the positive control paeonol(PA),the treatment with the combination significantly reduced theβ-hex secretion,decreased the F-actin cytoskeleton rearrangement,and markedly suppressed the release of TNF-α,IL-4,and MCP-1.Further studies on the signaling pathways related to the mast cell degranulation indicated that the combination effectively inhibited the intracellular Ca^(2+)influx and significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase(CaMK)and phospholipase C/protein kinase C(PLC/PKC).In summary,the combination of API and PC at a molar ratio of 1∶1 exhibited the better synergistic antagonistic effect on the histamine release,inhibited the mast cell degranulation model activation by reducing Ca^(2+)influx and inhibiting the activation of Ca^(2+)/CaMK and PLC/PKC pathways,stabilized the cell membranes,regulated the inflammatory factor secretion,and exerted an effect in alleviating sensitive skin.展开更多
Persistent toxic substances(PTS)represent a paramount environmental issue in the 21st century.Understanding the concentrations and forms of PTS in the environment is crucial for accurately assessing their environmenta...Persistent toxic substances(PTS)represent a paramount environmental issue in the 21st century.Understanding the concentrations and forms of PTS in the environment is crucial for accurately assessing their environmental health impacts.This article presents a concise overview of the components of PTS,pertinent environmental regulations,and conventional detection methodologies.Additionally,we offer an in-depth review of the principles,development,and practical applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)in environmental monitoring,emphasizing the advancements in detecting trace amounts of PTS in complex environmental matrices.Recent progress in enhancing SERS sensitivity,improving selectivity,and practical implementations are detailed,showcasing innovative materials and methods.Integrating SERS with advanced algorithms are highlighted as pivotal areas for future research.展开更多
Excellent detonation performances and low sensitivity are prerequisites for the deployment of energetic materials.Exploring the underlying factors that affect impact sensitivity and detonation performances as well as ...Excellent detonation performances and low sensitivity are prerequisites for the deployment of energetic materials.Exploring the underlying factors that affect impact sensitivity and detonation performances as well as exploring how to obtain materials with desired properties remains a long-term challenge.Machine learning with its ability to solve complex tasks and perform robust data processing can reveal the relationship between performance and descriptive indicators,potentially accelerating the development process of energetic materials.In this background,impact sensitivity,detonation performances,and 28 physicochemical parameters for 222 energetic materials from density functional theory calculations and published literature were sorted out.Four machine learning algorithms were employed to predict various properties of energetic materials,including impact sensitivity,detonation velocity,detonation pressure,and Gurney energy.Analysis of Pearson coefficients and feature importance showed that the heat of explosion,oxygen balance,decomposition products,and HOMO energy levels have a strong correlation with the impact sensitivity of energetic materials.Oxygen balance,decomposition products,and density have a strong correlation with detonation performances.Utilizing impact sensitivity of 2,3,4-trinitrotoluene and the detonation performances of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3,5-triamine as the benchmark,the analysis of feature importance rankings and statistical data revealed the optimal range of key features balancing impact sensitivity and detonation performances:oxygen balance values should be between-40%and-30%,density should range from 1.66 to 1.72 g/cm^(3),HOMO energy levels should be between-6.34 and-6.31 eV,and lipophilicity should be between-1.0 and 0.1,4.49 and 5.59.These findings not only offer important insights into the impact sensitivity and detonation performances of energetic materials,but also provide a theoretical guidance paradigm for the design and development of new energetic materials with optimal detonation performances and reduced sensitivity.展开更多
Increasing temperatures and severe droughts threaten forest vitality globally.Prediction of forest response to climate change requires knowledge of the spatiotemporal patterns of monthly or seasonal climatic impacts o...Increasing temperatures and severe droughts threaten forest vitality globally.Prediction of forest response to climate change requires knowledge of the spatiotemporal patterns of monthly or seasonal climatic impacts on the growth of tree species,likely driven by local climatic aridity,climate trends,edaphic conditions,and the climatic adaption of tree species.The ability of tree species to cope with changing climate and the effects of environmental variables on growth trends and growth-climate relationships across diverse bioclimatic regions are still poorly understood for many species.This study investigated radial growth trends,interannual growth variability,and growth-climate sensitivity of two dominant tree species,Pinus tabulaeformis(PT)and Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica(PS),across a broad climatic gradient with a variety of soil properties in temperate Northern China.Using a network of 83 tree ring chronologies(54 for PT and 29 for PS)from 1971 to 2010,we documented that both species maintained constant growth trends at wet sites,while both displayed rapid declines at dry sites.We reported the species-specific drivers of spatial heterogeneity in growth trends,interannual growth variability,and growth-climate relationships.Calculated climatic variables and soil properties were identified as the most critical factors affecting the growth trends and growth-climate relationships.However,climatic variables play more essential roles than soil properties in determining the spatial heterogeneity of the growth-climate relationship.Lower clay content and higher soil nutrient regimes can exacerbate the moisture-related susceptibility of tree growth.Our findings highlight that soil properties emerged as important modulating factors to predict the drought vulnerability of forests in addition to climatic variables.Considering the continued climate warmingdrying trend in the future,both pines will face a more severe growth decline and increase in drought vulnerability at drier sites with lower clayed soil or higher nutrient regimes.展开更多
The constraints of traditional 3D bioprinting are overcome by 4D bioprinting integrating with adaptable materials over time,resulting in dynamic,compliant,and functional biological structures.This innovative approach ...The constraints of traditional 3D bioprinting are overcome by 4D bioprinting integrating with adaptable materials over time,resulting in dynamic,compliant,and functional biological structures.This innovative approach to bioprinting holds great promise for tissue engineering,regenerative medicine,and advanced drug delivery systems.4D bioprinting is a technology that allows for the extension of 3D bioprinting technology by making predesigned structures change after they are fabricated using smart materials that can alter their characteristics via stimulus,leading to transformation in healthcare,which is able to provide precise personalized effective medical treatment without any side effects.This review article concentrates on some recent developments and applications in the field of 4D bioprinting,which can pave the way for groundbreaking advancements in biomedical sciences.4D printing is a new chapter in bioprinting that introduces dynamism and functional living biological structures.Therefore,smart materials and sophisticated printing techniques can eliminate the challenges associated with printing complex organs and tissues.However,the problems with this process are biocompatibility,immunogenicity,and scalability,which need to be addressed.Moreover,numerous obstacles have been encountered during its widespread adoption in clinical practice.Therefore,4D bioprinting requires improvements in future material science innovations and further development in printers and manufacturing techniques to unlock its potential for better patient care and outcomes.展开更多
Background:This study evaluates the efficacy of gabexate mesylate thermosensitive in-situ gel(GMTI) in the treatment of beagle grade Ⅲ pancreatic trauma(PT) with the assistance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) a...Background:This study evaluates the efficacy of gabexate mesylate thermosensitive in-situ gel(GMTI) in the treatment of beagle grade Ⅲ pancreatic trauma(PT) with the assistance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) and investigates its mechanism of action.Methods:A grade Ⅲ PT model consisting of 15 beagle dogs with severed main pancreatic ducts was created and treated with cephalic vein injection of gabexate mesylate(GM)(1.54mL/10kg,TID) and peripancreatic injection of GMTI(4.63 mL/10 kg,QD) guided by CEUS within 24h post-surgery.Ascites and serum levels of amylase(AMY),lipase(LPS),C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin(IL)-6,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,and urinary trypsinogen activating peptide(TAP) were detected by ELISA.Histopathological changes in the canine pancreas were observed by Hematoxylin and Eosin staining.Results:CEUS accurately displayed pancreatic lesions and guided catheterisation.Compared to the control group,the ascites was significantly reduced after treatment(p<0.01).AMY and LPS ascites significantly decreased on post-operative 1st and 2nd day(p<0.01).The levels of AMY,LPS,CRP,IL-6,and TNF-α in serum were decreased(p<0.05 or p <0.01).Urinary TAP was decreased 1 and 2 days after treatment(p<0.05or p<0.01,respectively).In the control group,pancreatic tissue necrosis was evident in the wound area.Normal glandular cell structures and fibrous tissue hyperplasia were observed in the wound area after GMTI treatment.The GMTI group performed better than the GM group in improving pancreatic histology and reducing AMY levels in the early post-operative period.Conclusion:Guided by CEUS,daily peripancreatic injections of GMTI in Beagles effectively inhibit pancreatic enzyme activity and aid in the adjuvant treatment of pancreatic trauma.展开更多
As the first gold mine discovered at the sea in China and the only coastal gold mine currently mined there,Sanshandao Gold Mine faces unique challenges.The mine's safety is under continual threat from its faulted ...As the first gold mine discovered at the sea in China and the only coastal gold mine currently mined there,Sanshandao Gold Mine faces unique challenges.The mine's safety is under continual threat from its faulted structure coupled with the overlying water.As the mining proceeds deeper,the risk of water inrush increases.The mine's maximum water yield reaches 15000 m3/day,which is attributable to water channels present in fault zones.Predominantly composed of soil–rock mixtures(SRM),these fault zones'seepage characteristics significantly impact water inrush risk.Consequently,investigating the seepage characteristics of SRM is of paramount importance.However,the existing literature mostly concentrates on a single stress state.Therefore,this study examined the characteristics of the permeability coefficient under three distinct stress states:osmotic,osmotic–uniaxial,and osmotic–triaxial pressure.The SRM samples utilized in this study were extracted from in situ fault zones and then reshaped in the laboratory.In addition,the micromechanical properties of the SRM samples were analyzed using computed tomography scanning.The findings reveal that the permeability coefficient is the highest under osmotic pressure and lowest under osmotic–triaxial pressure.The sensitivity coefficient shows a higher value when the rock block percentage ranges between 30%and 40%,but it falls below 1.0 when this percentage exceeds 50%under no confining pressure.Notably,rock block percentages of 40%and 60%represent the two peak points of the sensitivity coefficient under osmotic–triaxial pressure.However,SRM samples with a 40%rock block percentage consistently show the lowest permeability coefficient under all stress states.This study establishes that a power function can model the relationship between the permeability coefficient and osmotic pressure,while its relationship with axial pressure can be described using an exponential function.These insights are invaluable for developing water inrush prevention and control strategies in mining environments.展开更多
BACKGROUND Sensitivity to stress is essential in the onset,clinical symptoms,course,and prognosis of major depressive disorder(MDD).Meanwhile,it was unclear how variously classified but connected stress-sensitivity va...BACKGROUND Sensitivity to stress is essential in the onset,clinical symptoms,course,and prognosis of major depressive disorder(MDD).Meanwhile,it was unclear how variously classified but connected stress-sensitivity variables affect MDD.We hypothesize that high-level trait-and state-related stress-sensitivity factors may have different cumulative effects on the clinical symptoms and follow-up outcomes of MDD.AIM To investigate how stress-sensitivity factors added up and affected MDD clinical symptoms and follow-up results.METHODS In this prospective study,281 MDD patients were enrolled from a tertiary care setting.High-level stress-sensitivity factors were classified as trait anxiety,state anxiety,perceived stress,and neuroticism,with a total score in the top quartile of the research cohort.The cumulative effects of stress-sensitivity factors on cognitive dysfunction,disability and functional impairment,suicide risk,and depressive and anxiety symptoms were examined using an analysis of variance with linear trend analysis.Correlations were investigated further using multiple regression analysis.RESULTS Regarding high-level stress-sensitivity factors,53.40%of patients had at least one at baseline,and 29.61%had two or more.Four high-level stress-sensitivity components had significant cumulative impacts on MDD symptoms at baseline(all P<0.001).Perceived stress predicted the greatest effect sizes of state-related factors on depressive symptoms(partialη^(2)=0.153;standardizedβ=0.195;P<0.05).The follow-up outcomes were significantly impacted only by the high-level trait-related components,mainly when it came to depressive symptoms and suicide risk,which were predicted by trait anxiety and neuroticism,respectively(partialη^(2)=0.204 and 0.156;standardizedβ=0.247 and 0.392;P<0.05).CONCLUSION To enhance outcomes of MDD and lower the suicide risk,screening for stress-sensitivity factors and considering multifaceted measures,mainly focusing on trait-related ones,should be addressed clinically.展开更多
This paper introduces a high-precision bandgap reference(BGR)designed for battery management systems(BMS),fea-turing an ultra-low temperature coefficient(TC)and line sensitivity(LS).The BGR employs a current-mode sche...This paper introduces a high-precision bandgap reference(BGR)designed for battery management systems(BMS),fea-turing an ultra-low temperature coefficient(TC)and line sensitivity(LS).The BGR employs a current-mode scheme with chopped op-amps and internal clock generators to eliminate op-amp offset.A low dropout regulator(LDO)and a pre-regula-tor enhance output driving and LS,respectively.Curvature compensation enhances the TC by addressing higher-order nonlinear-ity.These approaches,effective near room temperature,employs trimming at both 20 and 60°C.When combined with fixed cur-vature correction currents,it achieves an ultra-low TC for each chip.Implemented in a CMOS 180 nm process,the BGR occu-pies 0.548 mm²and operates at 2.5 V with 84μA current draw from a 5 V supply.An average TC of 2.69 ppm/℃ with two-point trimming and 0.81 ppm/℃ with multi-point trimming are achieved over the temperature range of-40 to 125℃.It accommo-dates a load current of 1 mA and an LS of 42 ppm/V,making it suitable for precise BMS applications.展开更多
As a means of quantitative interpretation,forward calculations of the global lithospheric magnetic field in the Spherical Harmonic(SH)domain have been widely used to reveal geophysical,lithological,and geothermal vari...As a means of quantitative interpretation,forward calculations of the global lithospheric magnetic field in the Spherical Harmonic(SH)domain have been widely used to reveal geophysical,lithological,and geothermal variations in the lithosphere.Traditional approaches either do not consider the non-axial dipolar terms of the inducing field and its radial variation or do so by means of complicated formulae.Moreover,existing methods treat the magnetic lithosphere either as an infinitesimally thin layer or as a radially uniform spherical shell of constant thickness.Here,we present alternative forward formulae that account for an arbitrarily high maximum degree of the inducing field and for a magnetic lithosphere of variable thickness.Our simulations based on these formulae suggest that the satellite magnetic anomaly field is sensitive to the non-axial dipolar terms of the inducing field but not to its radial variation.Therefore,in forward and inverse calculations of satellite magnetic anomaly data,the non-axial dipolar terms of the inducing field should not be ignored.Furthermore,our results show that the satellite magnetic anomaly field is sensitive to variability in the lateral thickness of the magnetized shell.In particular,we show that for a given vertically integrated susceptibility distribution,underestimating the thickness of the magnetic layer overestimates the induced magnetic field.This discovery bridges the greatest part of the alleged gap between the susceptibility values measured from rock samples and the susceptibility values required to match the observed magnetic field signal.We expect the formulae and conclusions of this study to be a valuable tool for the quantitative interpretation of the Earth's global lithospheric magnetic field,through an inverse or forward modelling approach.展开更多
In recent decades,capacitive pressure sensors(CPSs)with high sensitivity have demonstrated significant potential in applications such as medical monitoring,artificial intelligence,and soft robotics.Efforts to enhance ...In recent decades,capacitive pressure sensors(CPSs)with high sensitivity have demonstrated significant potential in applications such as medical monitoring,artificial intelligence,and soft robotics.Efforts to enhance this sensitivity have predominantly focused on material design and structural optimization,with surface microstructures such as wrinkles,pyramids,and micro-pillars proving effective.Although finite element modeling(FEM)has guided enhancements in CPS sensitivity across various surface designs,a theoretical understanding of sensitivity improvements remains underexplored.This paper employs sinusoidal wavy surfaces as a representative model to analytically elucidate the underlying mechanisms of sensitivity enhancement through contact mechanics.These theoretical insights are corroborated by FEM and experimental validations.Our findings underscore that optimizing material properties,such as Young’s modulus and relative permittivity,alongside adjustments in surface roughness and substrate thickness,can significantly elevate the sensitivity.The optimal performance is achieved when the amplitude-to-wavelength ratio(H/)is about 0.2.These results offer critical insights for designing ultrasensitive CPS devices,paving the way for advancements in sensor technology.展开更多
In integrated circuit(IC)manufacturing,fast,nondestructive,and precise detection of defects in patterned wafers,realized by bright-field microscopy,is one of the critical factors for ensuring the final performance and...In integrated circuit(IC)manufacturing,fast,nondestructive,and precise detection of defects in patterned wafers,realized by bright-field microscopy,is one of the critical factors for ensuring the final performance and yields of chips.With the critical dimensions of IC nanostructures continuing to shrink,directly imaging or classifying deep-subwavelength defects by bright-field microscopy is challenging due to the well-known diffraction barrier,the weak scattering effect,and the faint correlation between the scattering cross-section and the defect morphology.Herein,we propose an optical far-field inspection method based on the form-birefringence scattering imaging of the defective nanostructure,which can identify and classify various defects without requiring optical super-resolution.The technique is built upon the principle of breaking the optical form birefringence of the original periodic nanostructures by the defect perturbation under the anisotropic illumination modes,such as the orthogonally polarized plane waves,then combined with the high-order difference of far-field images.We validated the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method in detecting deep subwavelength defects through rigid vector imaging modeling and optical detection experiments of various defective nanostructures based on polarization microscopy.On this basis,an intelligent classification algorithm for typical patterned defects based on a dual-channel AlexNet neural network has been proposed,stabilizing the classification accuracy ofλ/16-sized defects with highly similar features at more than 90%.The strong classification capability of the two-channel network on typical patterned defects can be attributed to the high-order difference image and its transverse gradient being used as the network’s input,which highlights the polarization modulation difference between different patterned defects more significantly than conventional bright-field microscopy results.This work will provide a new but easy-to-operate method for detecting and classifying deep-subwavelength defects in patterned wafers or photomasks,which thus endows current online inspection equipment with more missions in advanced IC manufacturing.展开更多
This study tested the electrical conductivity and pressure sensitivity of lime⁃improved silty sand reinforced with Carbon Fiber Powder(CFP)as the conductive medium.The influence of CFP dosage,moisture content and curi...This study tested the electrical conductivity and pressure sensitivity of lime⁃improved silty sand reinforced with Carbon Fiber Powder(CFP)as the conductive medium.The influence of CFP dosage,moisture content and curing duration on the unconfined compressive strength,initial resistivity and pressure sensitivity of the improved soil was systematically analysed.The results showed that the unconfined compressive strength varied non⁃monotonically with increasing CFP dosage,reaching a peak at a dosage of 1.6%.Furthermore,the initial resistivity showed slight variations under different moisture conditions but eventually converged towards the conductive percolation threshold at a dosage of 2.4%.It is worth noting that CFP reinforced lime⁃improved silty sand(CRLS)exhibit a clear dynamic synchronization of strain with stress and resistivity rate of variation.The pressure sensitivity was optimized with CFP dosages ranging from 1.6%to 2.0%.Both insufficient and excessive dosages had a negative impact on pressure sensitivity.It is important to consider the weakening effect of high moisture content on the pressure sensitivity of the specimens in practical applications.展开更多
Accuracy allocation is crucial in the accuracy design of machining tools.Current accuracy allocation methods primarily focus on positional deviation,with little consideration for tool direction deviation.To address th...Accuracy allocation is crucial in the accuracy design of machining tools.Current accuracy allocation methods primarily focus on positional deviation,with little consideration for tool direction deviation.To address this issue,we propose a geometric error cost sensitivity-based accuracy allocation method for five-axis machine tools.A geometric error model consisting of 4l error components is constructed based on homogeneous transformation matrices.Volumetric points with positional and tool direction deviations are randomly sampled to evaluate the accuracy of the machine tool.The sensitivity of each error component at these sampling points is analyzed using the Sobol method.To balance the needs of geometric precision and manufacturing cost,a geometric error cost sensitivity function is developed to estimate the required cost.By allocating error components affecting tool direction deviation first and the remaining components second,this allocation scheme ensures that both deviations meet the requirements.We also perform numerical simulation of a BC-type(B-axis and C-axis type)five-axis machine tool to validate the method.The results show that the new allocation scheme reduces the total geometric error cost by 27.8%compared to a uniform allocation scheme,and yields the same positional and tool direction machining accuracies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Managing critical care emergencies in children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)presents unique challenges due to their distinct sensory sensitivities,communication difficulties,and behavioral issues.Effec...BACKGROUND Managing critical care emergencies in children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)presents unique challenges due to their distinct sensory sensitivities,communication difficulties,and behavioral issues.Effective strategies and protocols are essential for optimal care in these high-stress situations.AIM To systematically evaluate and synthesize current evidence on best practices for managing critical care emergencies in children with ASD.The review focuses on key areas,including sensory-friendly environments,communication strategies,behavioral management,and the role of multidisciplinary approaches.METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted across major medical databases,including PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane Library,for studies published between 2000 and 2023.Studies were selected based on their relevance to critical care management in children with ASD,encompassing randomized controlled trials,observational studies,qualitative research,and case studies.Data were extracted and analyzed to identify common themes,successful strategies,and areas for improvement.RESULTS The review identified 50 studies that met the inclusion criteria.Findings highlighted the importance of creating sensory-friendly environments,utilizing effective communication strategies,and implementing individualized behavioral management plans.These findings,derived from a comprehensive review of current evidence,provide valuable insights into the best practices for managing critical care emergencies in children with ASD.Sensory modifications,such as reduced lighting and noise,visual aids,and augmentative and alternative communication tools,enhanced patient comfort and cooperation.The involvement of multidisciplinary teams was crucial in delivering holistic care.Case studies provided practical insights and underscored the need for continuous refi-nement of protocols.CONCLUSION The review emphasizes the need for a tailored approach to managing critical care emergencies for children with ASD.Sensory-friendly adjustments,effective communication,and behavioral strategies supported by a mul-tidisciplinary team are integral to improving outcomes.Despite progress,ongoing refinement of care practices and protocols is necessary.This ongoing process addresses remaining challenges and engages healthcare professionals in continuous improvement of care for children with ASD in critical settings.展开更多
Monitoring minuscule mechanical signals,both in magnitude and direction,is imperative in many application scenarios,e.g.,structural health monitoring and robotic sensing systems.However,the piezoelectric sensor strugg...Monitoring minuscule mechanical signals,both in magnitude and direction,is imperative in many application scenarios,e.g.,structural health monitoring and robotic sensing systems.However,the piezoelectric sensor struggles to satisfy the requirements for directional recognition due to the limited piezoelectric coefficient matrix,and achieving sensitivity for detecting micrometer-scale deformations is also challenging.Herein,we develop a vector sensor composed of lead zirconate titanate-electronic grade glass fiber composite filaments with oriented arrangement,capable of detecting minute anisotropic deformations.The as-prepared vector sensor can identify the deformation directions even when subjected to an unprecedented nominal strain of 0.06%,thereby enabling its utility in accurately discerning the 5μm-height wrinkles in thin films and in monitoring human pulse waves.The ultra-high sensitivity is attributed to the formation of porous ferroelectret and the efficient load transfer efficiency of continuous lead zirconate titanate phase.Additionally,when integrated with machine learning techniques,the sensor’s capability to recognize multi-signals enables it to differentiate between 10 types of fine textures with 100%accuracy.The structural design in piezoelectric devices enables a more comprehensive perception of mechanical stimuli,offering a novel perspective for enhancing recognition accuracy.展开更多
Saline aquifers are considered as highly favored reservoirs for CO_(2)sequestration due to their favorable properties.Understanding the impact of saline aquifer properties on the migration and distribution of CO_(2)pl...Saline aquifers are considered as highly favored reservoirs for CO_(2)sequestration due to their favorable properties.Understanding the impact of saline aquifer properties on the migration and distribution of CO_(2)plume is crucial.This study focuses on four key parameters-permeability,porosity,formation pressure,and temperature-to characterize the reservoir and analyse the petrophysical and elastic response of CO_(2).First,we performed reservoir simulations to simulate CO_(2)saturation,using multiple sets of these four parameters to examine their significance on CO_(2)saturation and the plume migration speed.Subsequently,the effect of these parameters on the elastic properties is tested using rock physics theory.We established a relationship of compressional wave velocity(V_(p))and quality factor(Q_(p))with the four key parameters,and conducted a sensitivity analysis to test their sensitivity to V_(p) and Q_(p).Finally,we utilized visco-acoustic wave equation simulated time-lapse seismic data based on the computed V_(p) and Q_(p) models,and analysed the impact of CO_(2) saturation changes on seismic data.As for the above nu-merical simulations and analysis,we conducted sensitivity analysis using both homogeneous and heterogeneous models.Consistent results are found between homogeneous and heterogeneous models.The permeability is the most sensitive parameter to the CO_(2)saturation,while porosity emerges as the primary factor affecting both Q_(p) and V_(p).Both Q_(p) and V_(p) increase with the porosity,which contradicts the observations in gas reservoirs.The seismic simulations highlight significant variations in the seismic response to different parameters.We provided analysis for these observations,which serves as a valuable reference for comprehensive CO_(2)integrity analysis,time-lapse monitoring,injection planning and site selection.展开更多
Background:Gallic acid(GA),a plant-derived polyphenol,possesses diverse biological functions such as reducing inflammation and against tumors.Currently,the influence of GA on the resistance of esophageal squamous cell...Background:Gallic acid(GA),a plant-derived polyphenol,possesses diverse biological functions such as reducing inflammation and against tumors.Currently,the influence of GA on the resistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)cells to cisplatin(DDP)is not well understood.Methods:Cell counting kit-8 assay examined how GA affected KYSE30 and TE-1 cell viability.5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End labeling staining detected cell proliferation and apoptosis.Clone formation assay,flow cytometry,Carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester fluorescent probes,and Transwell assay determined cell biological properties,and 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate(DCFH-DA)fluorescent probes detected oxidative stress levels.Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)/Notch pathway protein levels after GA and/or Interleukin-6(IL-6)intervention were examined through Western blot.Furthermore,a model for subcutaneous graft tumors was established in nude mice.Results:GA exerted suppressive effects on cell proliferation,and caused apoptosis of KYSE30 and TE-1 cells.IL-6 intervention activated the STAT3/Notch pathway and promoted the malignant biological properties of ESCC cells.In contrast,GA attenuated the effects of IL-6,while STAT3 or Notch inhibitor further enhanced the effects of GA,suggesting that GA inhibited the IL-6/STAT3/Notch pathway.Not only that,GA promoted oxidative stress and enhanced cell sensitivity to DDP both in vitro and in vivo.Conclusion:GA suppresses the malignant progression of ESCC and enhances cell sensitivity to DDP by hindering the IL-6/STAT3/Notch pathway.展开更多
Sediment particles,as one of the key components of drip irrigation technology,significantly affect the service life of emitters and restrict the popularization of drip irrigation technology.Hence,two types of patch dr...Sediment particles,as one of the key components of drip irrigation technology,significantly affect the service life of emitters and restrict the popularization of drip irrigation technology.Hence,two types of patch drip irrigation emitters,focusing on the anti-clogging performance through the experiment,were investigated.The dynamic variations in the clogging characteristics of emitters,specifically were subjected to statistical analysis.The movement mechanism of emitter clogging and discharging sediment was studied.The effects of emitter structure and position factors on emitter clogging were analyzed.The results show that the pressure-compensated emitter exhibits superior anti-clogging perfor-mance,with a service life that is 227.8%greater than that of the labyrinth channel emitter.A single structural factor cannot completely evaluate the anti-clogging performance of emitters.All factors causing emitter clogging should be considered comprehensively.Emitters contain sensitive sediment prone to clogging,however,significant blockage occurs primarily when the sediment content is elevated.The discharge of sediment,denoted as V90,from the emitter is affected by the accumulative effect of clogged sediment.These results may offer valuable insights for the application and advancement of drip irrigation technology.展开更多
文摘To investigate the mechanisms of apigenin(API)and proanthocyanidins(PC)in soothing sensitive skin(SS),a mast cell degranulation model was established by stimulating RBL-2H3 cells with the calcium ionophore A23187.Based on the combinatorial experiments,it was found that when API and PC were combined at the molar ratios of 4∶1 and 2∶1,they exhibited the antagonistic effects on histamine release(combination index CI>1);when they are combined at the molar ratios of 1∶1,1∶2 or 1∶4,they showed the synergistic effects on histamine release(CI<1).Among them,the combination of API and PC at a molar ratio of 1∶1 showed the better potent synergistic antihistamine release effect(CI=0.70).Histamine is a hallmark of the mast cell degranulation,consequently,the combination of API and PC at a molar ratio of 1∶1 yields the better efficiency in inhibiting the mast cell degranulation with the lowest IC_(50)value.Compared to the utilization of API or PC alone,the IC_(50)value was reduced by 11.150 and 6.503μmol/L,respectively.Compared to the positive control paeonol(PA),the treatment with the combination significantly reduced theβ-hex secretion,decreased the F-actin cytoskeleton rearrangement,and markedly suppressed the release of TNF-α,IL-4,and MCP-1.Further studies on the signaling pathways related to the mast cell degranulation indicated that the combination effectively inhibited the intracellular Ca^(2+)influx and significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase(CaMK)and phospholipase C/protein kinase C(PLC/PKC).In summary,the combination of API and PC at a molar ratio of 1∶1 exhibited the better synergistic antagonistic effect on the histamine release,inhibited the mast cell degranulation model activation by reducing Ca^(2+)influx and inhibiting the activation of Ca^(2+)/CaMK and PLC/PKC pathways,stabilized the cell membranes,regulated the inflammatory factor secretion,and exerted an effect in alleviating sensitive skin.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42077299,and U21A20290)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0750400)the Ordos Key Research and Development Program(No.YF20240037).
文摘Persistent toxic substances(PTS)represent a paramount environmental issue in the 21st century.Understanding the concentrations and forms of PTS in the environment is crucial for accurately assessing their environmental health impacts.This article presents a concise overview of the components of PTS,pertinent environmental regulations,and conventional detection methodologies.Additionally,we offer an in-depth review of the principles,development,and practical applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)in environmental monitoring,emphasizing the advancements in detecting trace amounts of PTS in complex environmental matrices.Recent progress in enhancing SERS sensitivity,improving selectivity,and practical implementations are detailed,showcasing innovative materials and methods.Integrating SERS with advanced algorithms are highlighted as pivotal areas for future research.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2682024GF019)。
文摘Excellent detonation performances and low sensitivity are prerequisites for the deployment of energetic materials.Exploring the underlying factors that affect impact sensitivity and detonation performances as well as exploring how to obtain materials with desired properties remains a long-term challenge.Machine learning with its ability to solve complex tasks and perform robust data processing can reveal the relationship between performance and descriptive indicators,potentially accelerating the development process of energetic materials.In this background,impact sensitivity,detonation performances,and 28 physicochemical parameters for 222 energetic materials from density functional theory calculations and published literature were sorted out.Four machine learning algorithms were employed to predict various properties of energetic materials,including impact sensitivity,detonation velocity,detonation pressure,and Gurney energy.Analysis of Pearson coefficients and feature importance showed that the heat of explosion,oxygen balance,decomposition products,and HOMO energy levels have a strong correlation with the impact sensitivity of energetic materials.Oxygen balance,decomposition products,and density have a strong correlation with detonation performances.Utilizing impact sensitivity of 2,3,4-trinitrotoluene and the detonation performances of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3,5-triamine as the benchmark,the analysis of feature importance rankings and statistical data revealed the optimal range of key features balancing impact sensitivity and detonation performances:oxygen balance values should be between-40%and-30%,density should range from 1.66 to 1.72 g/cm^(3),HOMO energy levels should be between-6.34 and-6.31 eV,and lipophilicity should be between-1.0 and 0.1,4.49 and 5.59.These findings not only offer important insights into the impact sensitivity and detonation performances of energetic materials,but also provide a theoretical guidance paradigm for the design and development of new energetic materials with optimal detonation performances and reduced sensitivity.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(No.2022YFE0127900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32071558,32171559)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation Key Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China(No.2023ZD23)the Hulunbuir Science and Technology Plan Project(No.SF2022001)the Fundamental Research Funds of CAF(CAFYBB2023ZA002).
文摘Increasing temperatures and severe droughts threaten forest vitality globally.Prediction of forest response to climate change requires knowledge of the spatiotemporal patterns of monthly or seasonal climatic impacts on the growth of tree species,likely driven by local climatic aridity,climate trends,edaphic conditions,and the climatic adaption of tree species.The ability of tree species to cope with changing climate and the effects of environmental variables on growth trends and growth-climate relationships across diverse bioclimatic regions are still poorly understood for many species.This study investigated radial growth trends,interannual growth variability,and growth-climate sensitivity of two dominant tree species,Pinus tabulaeformis(PT)and Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica(PS),across a broad climatic gradient with a variety of soil properties in temperate Northern China.Using a network of 83 tree ring chronologies(54 for PT and 29 for PS)from 1971 to 2010,we documented that both species maintained constant growth trends at wet sites,while both displayed rapid declines at dry sites.We reported the species-specific drivers of spatial heterogeneity in growth trends,interannual growth variability,and growth-climate relationships.Calculated climatic variables and soil properties were identified as the most critical factors affecting the growth trends and growth-climate relationships.However,climatic variables play more essential roles than soil properties in determining the spatial heterogeneity of the growth-climate relationship.Lower clay content and higher soil nutrient regimes can exacerbate the moisture-related susceptibility of tree growth.Our findings highlight that soil properties emerged as important modulating factors to predict the drought vulnerability of forests in addition to climatic variables.Considering the continued climate warmingdrying trend in the future,both pines will face a more severe growth decline and increase in drought vulnerability at drier sites with lower clayed soil or higher nutrient regimes.
基金the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) for their support through the TÜBİTAK 2211-A National PhD Fellowship Program
文摘The constraints of traditional 3D bioprinting are overcome by 4D bioprinting integrating with adaptable materials over time,resulting in dynamic,compliant,and functional biological structures.This innovative approach to bioprinting holds great promise for tissue engineering,regenerative medicine,and advanced drug delivery systems.4D bioprinting is a technology that allows for the extension of 3D bioprinting technology by making predesigned structures change after they are fabricated using smart materials that can alter their characteristics via stimulus,leading to transformation in healthcare,which is able to provide precise personalized effective medical treatment without any side effects.This review article concentrates on some recent developments and applications in the field of 4D bioprinting,which can pave the way for groundbreaking advancements in biomedical sciences.4D printing is a new chapter in bioprinting that introduces dynamism and functional living biological structures.Therefore,smart materials and sophisticated printing techniques can eliminate the challenges associated with printing complex organs and tissues.However,the problems with this process are biocompatibility,immunogenicity,and scalability,which need to be addressed.Moreover,numerous obstacles have been encountered during its widespread adoption in clinical practice.Therefore,4D bioprinting requires improvements in future material science innovations and further development in printers and manufacturing techniques to unlock its potential for better patient care and outcomes.
文摘Background:This study evaluates the efficacy of gabexate mesylate thermosensitive in-situ gel(GMTI) in the treatment of beagle grade Ⅲ pancreatic trauma(PT) with the assistance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) and investigates its mechanism of action.Methods:A grade Ⅲ PT model consisting of 15 beagle dogs with severed main pancreatic ducts was created and treated with cephalic vein injection of gabexate mesylate(GM)(1.54mL/10kg,TID) and peripancreatic injection of GMTI(4.63 mL/10 kg,QD) guided by CEUS within 24h post-surgery.Ascites and serum levels of amylase(AMY),lipase(LPS),C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin(IL)-6,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,and urinary trypsinogen activating peptide(TAP) were detected by ELISA.Histopathological changes in the canine pancreas were observed by Hematoxylin and Eosin staining.Results:CEUS accurately displayed pancreatic lesions and guided catheterisation.Compared to the control group,the ascites was significantly reduced after treatment(p<0.01).AMY and LPS ascites significantly decreased on post-operative 1st and 2nd day(p<0.01).The levels of AMY,LPS,CRP,IL-6,and TNF-α in serum were decreased(p<0.05 or p <0.01).Urinary TAP was decreased 1 and 2 days after treatment(p<0.05or p<0.01,respectively).In the control group,pancreatic tissue necrosis was evident in the wound area.Normal glandular cell structures and fibrous tissue hyperplasia were observed in the wound area after GMTI treatment.The GMTI group performed better than the GM group in improving pancreatic histology and reducing AMY levels in the early post-operative period.Conclusion:Guided by CEUS,daily peripancreatic injections of GMTI in Beagles effectively inhibit pancreatic enzyme activity and aid in the adjuvant treatment of pancreatic trauma.
基金State Key Research Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFC3001301。
文摘As the first gold mine discovered at the sea in China and the only coastal gold mine currently mined there,Sanshandao Gold Mine faces unique challenges.The mine's safety is under continual threat from its faulted structure coupled with the overlying water.As the mining proceeds deeper,the risk of water inrush increases.The mine's maximum water yield reaches 15000 m3/day,which is attributable to water channels present in fault zones.Predominantly composed of soil–rock mixtures(SRM),these fault zones'seepage characteristics significantly impact water inrush risk.Consequently,investigating the seepage characteristics of SRM is of paramount importance.However,the existing literature mostly concentrates on a single stress state.Therefore,this study examined the characteristics of the permeability coefficient under three distinct stress states:osmotic,osmotic–uniaxial,and osmotic–triaxial pressure.The SRM samples utilized in this study were extracted from in situ fault zones and then reshaped in the laboratory.In addition,the micromechanical properties of the SRM samples were analyzed using computed tomography scanning.The findings reveal that the permeability coefficient is the highest under osmotic pressure and lowest under osmotic–triaxial pressure.The sensitivity coefficient shows a higher value when the rock block percentage ranges between 30%and 40%,but it falls below 1.0 when this percentage exceeds 50%under no confining pressure.Notably,rock block percentages of 40%and 60%represent the two peak points of the sensitivity coefficient under osmotic–triaxial pressure.However,SRM samples with a 40%rock block percentage consistently show the lowest permeability coefficient under all stress states.This study establishes that a power function can model the relationship between the permeability coefficient and osmotic pressure,while its relationship with axial pressure can be described using an exponential function.These insights are invaluable for developing water inrush prevention and control strategies in mining environments.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Innovation 2030-Major Projects,No.2021ZD0202000National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2019YFA0706200+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82371535Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,No.2023RC3083Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University,No.2023ZZTS0838.
文摘BACKGROUND Sensitivity to stress is essential in the onset,clinical symptoms,course,and prognosis of major depressive disorder(MDD).Meanwhile,it was unclear how variously classified but connected stress-sensitivity variables affect MDD.We hypothesize that high-level trait-and state-related stress-sensitivity factors may have different cumulative effects on the clinical symptoms and follow-up outcomes of MDD.AIM To investigate how stress-sensitivity factors added up and affected MDD clinical symptoms and follow-up results.METHODS In this prospective study,281 MDD patients were enrolled from a tertiary care setting.High-level stress-sensitivity factors were classified as trait anxiety,state anxiety,perceived stress,and neuroticism,with a total score in the top quartile of the research cohort.The cumulative effects of stress-sensitivity factors on cognitive dysfunction,disability and functional impairment,suicide risk,and depressive and anxiety symptoms were examined using an analysis of variance with linear trend analysis.Correlations were investigated further using multiple regression analysis.RESULTS Regarding high-level stress-sensitivity factors,53.40%of patients had at least one at baseline,and 29.61%had two or more.Four high-level stress-sensitivity components had significant cumulative impacts on MDD symptoms at baseline(all P<0.001).Perceived stress predicted the greatest effect sizes of state-related factors on depressive symptoms(partialη^(2)=0.153;standardizedβ=0.195;P<0.05).The follow-up outcomes were significantly impacted only by the high-level trait-related components,mainly when it came to depressive symptoms and suicide risk,which were predicted by trait anxiety and neuroticism,respectively(partialη^(2)=0.204 and 0.156;standardizedβ=0.247 and 0.392;P<0.05).CONCLUSION To enhance outcomes of MDD and lower the suicide risk,screening for stress-sensitivity factors and considering multifaceted measures,mainly focusing on trait-related ones,should be addressed clinically.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under grant No.62204235。
文摘This paper introduces a high-precision bandgap reference(BGR)designed for battery management systems(BMS),fea-turing an ultra-low temperature coefficient(TC)and line sensitivity(LS).The BGR employs a current-mode scheme with chopped op-amps and internal clock generators to eliminate op-amp offset.A low dropout regulator(LDO)and a pre-regula-tor enhance output driving and LS,respectively.Curvature compensation enhances the TC by addressing higher-order nonlinear-ity.These approaches,effective near room temperature,employs trimming at both 20 and 60°C.When combined with fixed cur-vature correction currents,it achieves an ultra-low TC for each chip.Implemented in a CMOS 180 nm process,the BGR occu-pies 0.548 mm²and operates at 2.5 V with 84μA current draw from a 5 V supply.An average TC of 2.69 ppm/℃ with two-point trimming and 0.81 ppm/℃ with multi-point trimming are achieved over the temperature range of-40 to 125℃.It accommo-dates a load current of 1 mA and an LS of 42 ppm/V,making it suitable for precise BMS applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42250103 and 42174090)the Opening Fund of Key Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education(Grant No.GLAB2023ZR02)the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)Special Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources(Grant No.MSFGPMR2022-4)。
文摘As a means of quantitative interpretation,forward calculations of the global lithospheric magnetic field in the Spherical Harmonic(SH)domain have been widely used to reveal geophysical,lithological,and geothermal variations in the lithosphere.Traditional approaches either do not consider the non-axial dipolar terms of the inducing field and its radial variation or do so by means of complicated formulae.Moreover,existing methods treat the magnetic lithosphere either as an infinitesimally thin layer or as a radially uniform spherical shell of constant thickness.Here,we present alternative forward formulae that account for an arbitrarily high maximum degree of the inducing field and for a magnetic lithosphere of variable thickness.Our simulations based on these formulae suggest that the satellite magnetic anomaly field is sensitive to the non-axial dipolar terms of the inducing field but not to its radial variation.Therefore,in forward and inverse calculations of satellite magnetic anomaly data,the non-axial dipolar terms of the inducing field should not be ignored.Furthermore,our results show that the satellite magnetic anomaly field is sensitive to variability in the lateral thickness of the magnetized shell.In particular,we show that for a given vertically integrated susceptibility distribution,underestimating the thickness of the magnetic layer overestimates the induced magnetic field.This discovery bridges the greatest part of the alleged gap between the susceptibility values measured from rock samples and the susceptibility values required to match the observed magnetic field signal.We expect the formulae and conclusions of this study to be a valuable tool for the quantitative interpretation of the Earth's global lithospheric magnetic field,through an inverse or forward modelling approach.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12272369)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0620101).
文摘In recent decades,capacitive pressure sensors(CPSs)with high sensitivity have demonstrated significant potential in applications such as medical monitoring,artificial intelligence,and soft robotics.Efforts to enhance this sensitivity have predominantly focused on material design and structural optimization,with surface microstructures such as wrinkles,pyramids,and micro-pillars proving effective.Although finite element modeling(FEM)has guided enhancements in CPS sensitivity across various surface designs,a theoretical understanding of sensitivity improvements remains underexplored.This paper employs sinusoidal wavy surfaces as a representative model to analytically elucidate the underlying mechanisms of sensitivity enhancement through contact mechanics.These theoretical insights are corroborated by FEM and experimental validations.Our findings underscore that optimizing material properties,such as Young’s modulus and relative permittivity,alongside adjustments in surface roughness and substrate thickness,can significantly elevate the sensitivity.The optimal performance is achieved when the amplitude-to-wavelength ratio(H/)is about 0.2.These results offer critical insights for designing ultrasensitive CPS devices,paving the way for advancements in sensor technology.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52130504,52305577,and 52175509)the Key Research and Development Plan of Hubei Province(Grant No.2022BAA013)+4 种基金the Major Program(JD)of Hubei Province(Grant No.2023BAA008-2)the Interdisciplinary Research Program of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(2023JCYJ047)the Innovation Project of Optics Valley Laboratory(Grant No.OVL2023PY003)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade B)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.GZB20230244)the fellowship from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M750995)。
文摘In integrated circuit(IC)manufacturing,fast,nondestructive,and precise detection of defects in patterned wafers,realized by bright-field microscopy,is one of the critical factors for ensuring the final performance and yields of chips.With the critical dimensions of IC nanostructures continuing to shrink,directly imaging or classifying deep-subwavelength defects by bright-field microscopy is challenging due to the well-known diffraction barrier,the weak scattering effect,and the faint correlation between the scattering cross-section and the defect morphology.Herein,we propose an optical far-field inspection method based on the form-birefringence scattering imaging of the defective nanostructure,which can identify and classify various defects without requiring optical super-resolution.The technique is built upon the principle of breaking the optical form birefringence of the original periodic nanostructures by the defect perturbation under the anisotropic illumination modes,such as the orthogonally polarized plane waves,then combined with the high-order difference of far-field images.We validated the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method in detecting deep subwavelength defects through rigid vector imaging modeling and optical detection experiments of various defective nanostructures based on polarization microscopy.On this basis,an intelligent classification algorithm for typical patterned defects based on a dual-channel AlexNet neural network has been proposed,stabilizing the classification accuracy ofλ/16-sized defects with highly similar features at more than 90%.The strong classification capability of the two-channel network on typical patterned defects can be attributed to the high-order difference image and its transverse gradient being used as the network’s input,which highlights the polarization modulation difference between different patterned defects more significantly than conventional bright-field microscopy results.This work will provide a new but easy-to-operate method for detecting and classifying deep-subwavelength defects in patterned wafers or photomasks,which thus endows current online inspection equipment with more missions in advanced IC manufacturing.
基金Sponsored by Jilin Provincial Department of Education Scientific Research Project(Grant Nos.JJKH20190875KJ,JJKH20230348KJ).
文摘This study tested the electrical conductivity and pressure sensitivity of lime⁃improved silty sand reinforced with Carbon Fiber Powder(CFP)as the conductive medium.The influence of CFP dosage,moisture content and curing duration on the unconfined compressive strength,initial resistivity and pressure sensitivity of the improved soil was systematically analysed.The results showed that the unconfined compressive strength varied non⁃monotonically with increasing CFP dosage,reaching a peak at a dosage of 1.6%.Furthermore,the initial resistivity showed slight variations under different moisture conditions but eventually converged towards the conductive percolation threshold at a dosage of 2.4%.It is worth noting that CFP reinforced lime⁃improved silty sand(CRLS)exhibit a clear dynamic synchronization of strain with stress and resistivity rate of variation.The pressure sensitivity was optimized with CFP dosages ranging from 1.6%to 2.0%.Both insufficient and excessive dosages had a negative impact on pressure sensitivity.It is important to consider the weakening effect of high moisture content on the pressure sensitivity of the specimens in practical applications.
基金supported by the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(Nos.2023C01166 and 2024SJCZX0046)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.LDT23E05013E05 and LD24E050009)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo(No.2021J150),China.
文摘Accuracy allocation is crucial in the accuracy design of machining tools.Current accuracy allocation methods primarily focus on positional deviation,with little consideration for tool direction deviation.To address this issue,we propose a geometric error cost sensitivity-based accuracy allocation method for five-axis machine tools.A geometric error model consisting of 4l error components is constructed based on homogeneous transformation matrices.Volumetric points with positional and tool direction deviations are randomly sampled to evaluate the accuracy of the machine tool.The sensitivity of each error component at these sampling points is analyzed using the Sobol method.To balance the needs of geometric precision and manufacturing cost,a geometric error cost sensitivity function is developed to estimate the required cost.By allocating error components affecting tool direction deviation first and the remaining components second,this allocation scheme ensures that both deviations meet the requirements.We also perform numerical simulation of a BC-type(B-axis and C-axis type)five-axis machine tool to validate the method.The results show that the new allocation scheme reduces the total geometric error cost by 27.8%compared to a uniform allocation scheme,and yields the same positional and tool direction machining accuracies.
文摘BACKGROUND Managing critical care emergencies in children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)presents unique challenges due to their distinct sensory sensitivities,communication difficulties,and behavioral issues.Effective strategies and protocols are essential for optimal care in these high-stress situations.AIM To systematically evaluate and synthesize current evidence on best practices for managing critical care emergencies in children with ASD.The review focuses on key areas,including sensory-friendly environments,communication strategies,behavioral management,and the role of multidisciplinary approaches.METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted across major medical databases,including PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane Library,for studies published between 2000 and 2023.Studies were selected based on their relevance to critical care management in children with ASD,encompassing randomized controlled trials,observational studies,qualitative research,and case studies.Data were extracted and analyzed to identify common themes,successful strategies,and areas for improvement.RESULTS The review identified 50 studies that met the inclusion criteria.Findings highlighted the importance of creating sensory-friendly environments,utilizing effective communication strategies,and implementing individualized behavioral management plans.These findings,derived from a comprehensive review of current evidence,provide valuable insights into the best practices for managing critical care emergencies in children with ASD.Sensory modifications,such as reduced lighting and noise,visual aids,and augmentative and alternative communication tools,enhanced patient comfort and cooperation.The involvement of multidisciplinary teams was crucial in delivering holistic care.Case studies provided practical insights and underscored the need for continuous refi-nement of protocols.CONCLUSION The review emphasizes the need for a tailored approach to managing critical care emergencies for children with ASD.Sensory-friendly adjustments,effective communication,and behavioral strategies supported by a mul-tidisciplinary team are integral to improving outcomes.Despite progress,ongoing refinement of care practices and protocols is necessary.This ongoing process addresses remaining challenges and engages healthcare professionals in continuous improvement of care for children with ASD in critical settings.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1205300 and No.2022YFA1205304)the Oceanic Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(SL2022ZD103).
文摘Monitoring minuscule mechanical signals,both in magnitude and direction,is imperative in many application scenarios,e.g.,structural health monitoring and robotic sensing systems.However,the piezoelectric sensor struggles to satisfy the requirements for directional recognition due to the limited piezoelectric coefficient matrix,and achieving sensitivity for detecting micrometer-scale deformations is also challenging.Herein,we develop a vector sensor composed of lead zirconate titanate-electronic grade glass fiber composite filaments with oriented arrangement,capable of detecting minute anisotropic deformations.The as-prepared vector sensor can identify the deformation directions even when subjected to an unprecedented nominal strain of 0.06%,thereby enabling its utility in accurately discerning the 5μm-height wrinkles in thin films and in monitoring human pulse waves.The ultra-high sensitivity is attributed to the formation of porous ferroelectret and the efficient load transfer efficiency of continuous lead zirconate titanate phase.Additionally,when integrated with machine learning techniques,the sensor’s capability to recognize multi-signals enables it to differentiate between 10 types of fine textures with 100%accuracy.The structural design in piezoelectric devices enables a more comprehensive perception of mechanical stimuli,offering a novel perspective for enhancing recognition accuracy.
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory of Offshore Oil and Gas Exploitation, Open Fund Project (No. CCL2023RCPS0162RQN)the primary funding, National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. ZX20230400)
文摘Saline aquifers are considered as highly favored reservoirs for CO_(2)sequestration due to their favorable properties.Understanding the impact of saline aquifer properties on the migration and distribution of CO_(2)plume is crucial.This study focuses on four key parameters-permeability,porosity,formation pressure,and temperature-to characterize the reservoir and analyse the petrophysical and elastic response of CO_(2).First,we performed reservoir simulations to simulate CO_(2)saturation,using multiple sets of these four parameters to examine their significance on CO_(2)saturation and the plume migration speed.Subsequently,the effect of these parameters on the elastic properties is tested using rock physics theory.We established a relationship of compressional wave velocity(V_(p))and quality factor(Q_(p))with the four key parameters,and conducted a sensitivity analysis to test their sensitivity to V_(p) and Q_(p).Finally,we utilized visco-acoustic wave equation simulated time-lapse seismic data based on the computed V_(p) and Q_(p) models,and analysed the impact of CO_(2) saturation changes on seismic data.As for the above nu-merical simulations and analysis,we conducted sensitivity analysis using both homogeneous and heterogeneous models.Consistent results are found between homogeneous and heterogeneous models.The permeability is the most sensitive parameter to the CO_(2)saturation,while porosity emerges as the primary factor affecting both Q_(p) and V_(p).Both Q_(p) and V_(p) increase with the porosity,which contradicts the observations in gas reservoirs.The seismic simulations highlight significant variations in the seismic response to different parameters.We provided analysis for these observations,which serves as a valuable reference for comprehensive CO_(2)integrity analysis,time-lapse monitoring,injection planning and site selection.
基金Mechanistic Investigation into the Extraction,Purification,and Anti-Esophageal Cancer Effects of Gallic Acid Derived from Rhodiola crenulata(YLUKLM2023001).
文摘Background:Gallic acid(GA),a plant-derived polyphenol,possesses diverse biological functions such as reducing inflammation and against tumors.Currently,the influence of GA on the resistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)cells to cisplatin(DDP)is not well understood.Methods:Cell counting kit-8 assay examined how GA affected KYSE30 and TE-1 cell viability.5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End labeling staining detected cell proliferation and apoptosis.Clone formation assay,flow cytometry,Carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester fluorescent probes,and Transwell assay determined cell biological properties,and 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate(DCFH-DA)fluorescent probes detected oxidative stress levels.Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)/Notch pathway protein levels after GA and/or Interleukin-6(IL-6)intervention were examined through Western blot.Furthermore,a model for subcutaneous graft tumors was established in nude mice.Results:GA exerted suppressive effects on cell proliferation,and caused apoptosis of KYSE30 and TE-1 cells.IL-6 intervention activated the STAT3/Notch pathway and promoted the malignant biological properties of ESCC cells.In contrast,GA attenuated the effects of IL-6,while STAT3 or Notch inhibitor further enhanced the effects of GA,suggesting that GA inhibited the IL-6/STAT3/Notch pathway.Not only that,GA promoted oxidative stress and enhanced cell sensitivity to DDP both in vitro and in vivo.Conclusion:GA suppresses the malignant progression of ESCC and enhances cell sensitivity to DDP by hindering the IL-6/STAT3/Notch pathway.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52269011,52469008)。
文摘Sediment particles,as one of the key components of drip irrigation technology,significantly affect the service life of emitters and restrict the popularization of drip irrigation technology.Hence,two types of patch drip irrigation emitters,focusing on the anti-clogging performance through the experiment,were investigated.The dynamic variations in the clogging characteristics of emitters,specifically were subjected to statistical analysis.The movement mechanism of emitter clogging and discharging sediment was studied.The effects of emitter structure and position factors on emitter clogging were analyzed.The results show that the pressure-compensated emitter exhibits superior anti-clogging perfor-mance,with a service life that is 227.8%greater than that of the labyrinth channel emitter.A single structural factor cannot completely evaluate the anti-clogging performance of emitters.All factors causing emitter clogging should be considered comprehensively.Emitters contain sensitive sediment prone to clogging,however,significant blockage occurs primarily when the sediment content is elevated.The discharge of sediment,denoted as V90,from the emitter is affected by the accumulative effect of clogged sediment.These results may offer valuable insights for the application and advancement of drip irrigation technology.
