For over three centuries,the poetic verses of Tsangyang Gyatso have echoed across the land of China,carrying not only his deep affection towards his homeland but also embodying the cultural gene of the Chinese nation....For over three centuries,the poetic verses of Tsangyang Gyatso have echoed across the land of China,carrying not only his deep affection towards his homeland but also embodying the cultural gene of the Chinese nation.However,the life story and poetry of this legendary figure,the Sixth Dalai Lama and renown poet,have long been distorted by sensationalized dramatization and misinterpretation,even exploited by those with ulterior motives to interfere in China's internal affairs.展开更多
Since the first design of tactile sensors was proposed by Harmon in 1982,tactile sensors have evolved through four key phases:industrial applications(1980s,basic pressure detection),miniaturization via MEMS(1990s),fle...Since the first design of tactile sensors was proposed by Harmon in 1982,tactile sensors have evolved through four key phases:industrial applications(1980s,basic pressure detection),miniaturization via MEMS(1990s),flexible electronics(2010s,stretchable materials),and intelligent systems(2020s-present,AI-driven multimodal sensing).With the innovation of material,processing techniques,and multimodal fusion of stimuli,the application of tactile sensors has been continuously expanding to a diversity of areas,including but not limited to medical care,aerospace,sports and intelligent robots.Currently,researchers are dedicated to develop tactile sensors with emerging mechanisms and structures,pursuing high-sensitivity,high-resolution,and multimodal characteristics and further constructing tactile systems which imitate and approach the performance of human organs.However,challenges in the combination between the theoretical research and the practical applications are still significant.There is a lack of comprehensive understanding in the state of the art of such knowledge transferring from academic work to technical products.Scaled-up production of laboratory materials faces fatal challenges like high costs,small scale,and inconsistent quality.Ambient factors,such as temperature,humidity,and electromagnetic interference,also impair signal reliability.Moreover,tactile sensors must operate across a wide pressure range(0.1 k Pa to several or even dozens of MPa)to meet diverse application needs.Meanwhile,the existing algorithms,data models and sensing systems commonly reveal insufficient precision as well as undesired robustness in data processing,and there is a realistic gap between the designed and the demanded system response speed.In this review,oriented by the design requirements of intelligent tactile sensing systems,we summarize the common sensing mechanisms,inspired structures,key performance,and optimizing strategies,followed by a brief overview of the recent advances in the perspectives of system integration and algorithm implementation,and the possible roadmap of future development of tactile sensors,providing a forward-looking as well as critical discussions in the future industrial applications of flexible tactile sensors.展开更多
Spinal cord injury(SCI) often results in permanent dysfunction of locomotion,sensation,and autonomic regulation,imposing a substantial burden on both individuals and society(Anjum et al.,2020).SCI has a complex pathop...Spinal cord injury(SCI) often results in permanent dysfunction of locomotion,sensation,and autonomic regulation,imposing a substantial burden on both individuals and society(Anjum et al.,2020).SCI has a complex pathophysiology:an initial primary injury(mechanical trauma,axonal disruption,and hemorrhage) is followed by a progressive secondary injury cascade that involves ischemia,neuronal loss,and inflammation.Given the challenges in achieving regeneration of the injured spinal cord,neuroprotection has been at the forefront of clinical research.展开更多
The Cartesian meditations on first philosophy intended to demonstrate the existence of God.Wittgenstein’s private language argument is regarded as an attack on Cartesian dualism through the investigation of“private ...The Cartesian meditations on first philosophy intended to demonstrate the existence of God.Wittgenstein’s private language argument is regarded as an attack on Cartesian dualism through the investigation of“private language”by a paradigm of sensation.This article explores how the“private language argument”bears on the Cartesian theory of mind.The mind and the body are not distinct and independent.Instead,the mind should be elucidated as the root of the body.展开更多
Implantable cardioverter defibrillators(ICDs)represent an established therapeutic strategy for the prevention of sudden cardiac death and reduction of mortality in high-risk patients,while ICDs with cardiac resynchron...Implantable cardioverter defibrillators(ICDs)represent an established therapeutic strategy for the prevention of sudden cardiac death and reduction of mortality in high-risk patients,while ICDs with cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators improve morbidity,quality of life,and mortality in eligible patients with heart failure who are on optimal medical therapy.However,these devices may adversely affect the patients’psychological status after the delivery of shock therapies or even because of the fear of impending therapy.On the other hand,the potential of effective treatment of malignant arrhythmias may provide a‘safety’sensation in most treated patients without significant impairment in the quality of life during periods of clinical stability.During the past few years,an increasing number of reports have investigated psychological distress,including depression and anxiety status in ICD/cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator recipients.However,heterogeneous results have been reported while data on the variation of these psychological indexes over time in implanted patients are quite limited.Several intrinsic and extrinsic factors affect the psychological status of these patients while variations of these disturbances in specific populations are evident.Factors that seem to be associated with a greater risk for depression and anxiety in this setting include female gender,younger age,and device shock therapies.Moreover,depression and anxiety may have an adverse impact on patients’clinical outcomes exacerbating heart failure and increasing the arrhythmic risk.In this brief review article,we provide a concise and critical overview of the current literature on this topic,and we also discuss unresolved and conflicting issues delineating future perspectives.展开更多
With the rise of artificial intelligence(AI),neuromorphic sensory systems that emulate the five basic human sensations including tactility,audition,olfaction,gustation,and vision have attracted significant attention.I...With the rise of artificial intelligence(AI),neuromorphic sensory systems that emulate the five basic human sensations including tactility,audition,olfaction,gustation,and vision have attracted significant attention.In particular,research on integrating sensors with artificial synapses is being carried out extensively.These studies offer valuable opportunities for making another breakthrough in AI technology,including autonomous systems,real-time monitoring systems,and human-machine interactions.In this review,we introduce promising reports of neuromorphic sensory systems.Specifically,the core sensing material,device architecture,fabrication process,and applications of the proposed systems are presented in detail.Finally,the unsolved challenges and the prospects of neuromorphic sensory systems are discussed.展开更多
National Theatre of China Copenhagen Date:February 21-March 2,2025 Venue:National Center for the Performing Arts Copenhagen,a two-act play written by Michael Frayn and first performed in 1998,has won numerous awards,i...National Theatre of China Copenhagen Date:February 21-March 2,2025 Venue:National Center for the Performing Arts Copenhagen,a two-act play written by Michael Frayn and first performed in 1998,has won numerous awards,including a Tony Award for Best Play,creating a sensation in Europe and the United States.The play has attracted many audiences with its unique structure,mysterious plot,and engaging narrative.It is a dialogue among three dead souls:German scientist Werner Heisenberg,Danish scientist Neils Bohr,and his wife Margrethe.It pieces together a mystery in modern scientific history,of a real-life meeting that took place in 1941 in Copenhagen,at the height of Nazi power,which affected the development of the atomic bomb.展开更多
Dear Editor,Recurrent corneal erosion(RCE)is a common clinical condition characterized by repeated episodes of eye redness,pain,foreign-body sensation,photophobia,and tearing[1].The causes of RCE include trauma,chemic...Dear Editor,Recurrent corneal erosion(RCE)is a common clinical condition characterized by repeated episodes of eye redness,pain,foreign-body sensation,photophobia,and tearing[1].The causes of RCE include trauma,chemical and thermal injuries,previous herpetic keratitis,epithelial basement membrane dystrophy,and systemic conditions like epidermolysis bullosa[2-3].展开更多
Dear Editor,Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation(TMS)has emerged as a promising therapeutic tool for various neurological and psychiatric conditions[1-3].However,despite its potential benefits,TMS is not without its disc...Dear Editor,Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation(TMS)has emerged as a promising therapeutic tool for various neurological and psychiatric conditions[1-3].However,despite its potential benefits,TMS is not without its discomfort issues[4,5],which are mainly related to target location,stimulus intensity,and treatment duration.The discomfort associated with TMS arises from several factors,including the physical sensations experienced during the procedure and potential adverse effects on the scalp and surrounding tissues.展开更多
An instrumental assessment and volunteer subjective evaluation method was developed to synchronously measure the actual skin temperature and evaluate the cool sensation,conducting a quantitative analysis of the percei...An instrumental assessment and volunteer subjective evaluation method was developed to synchronously measure the actual skin temperature and evaluate the cool sensation,conducting a quantitative analysis of the perceived coolness.This method was used to evaluate the effect of a self-developed hot flash spray on reducing the skin temperature and inducing the cooling sensation of menopausal individuals.31 healthy menopausal volunteers were recruited as research subjects.Using infrared thermal imaging and electroencephalogram(EEG)measurements,the skin temperature and EEG data of the subjects’cheeks were simultaneously collected at baseline(BL)immediately after simulated hot flashes(HF),1 min(T1),3 mins(T3)and 5 min(T5)after the application of the test sample.The results showed that,compared with HF,the skin temperature of cheek was significantly reduced by 8.75%,8.75%and 6.41%at T1,T3 and T5(P<0.05),respectively.And alpha-1 value of EEG was increased significantly by 59.70%,58.44%,and 51.39%at T1,T3,and T5(P<0.05),respectively.The hot flash spray effectively reduces skin temperature while also provides subjects with a feeling of coolness,which can relieve hot flashes in menopausal women.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the influence of the tissue specificity of the acupoints （different meridians, tissues and nerve segments） on the frequency, intensity and current flow output in association with electroacupunc...Objective To evaluate the influence of the tissue specificity of the acupoints （different meridians, tissues and nerve segments） on the frequency, intensity and current flow output in association with electroacupuncture （EA） sensations. Methods Twenty one volunteers received EA. According to the tissue specificities of acupoints, 5 acupoint pairs were selected, named Zúsānlǐ （足三里 ST 36） vs Yánglíngquán （阳陵泉 GB 34, different meridians）, Nèiguān （内关 PC 6） vs Dàlíng （大陵 PC 7, different tissues）, Zúsānlǐ （足三里 ST 36） vs Shuǐdào （水道 ST 28, different nerve segments）, Guānyuán （关元 CV 4） vs Zhōngwǎn （中脘 CV 12, different nerve segments）, and Zúsānlǐ （足三里 ST 36） vs Guānyuán （关元 CV 4, different meridians, tissues and nerve segments）. The electric frequency was 15 Hz. The electric current was under the subject’s tolerance without sharp pain induced. EA lasted 90 s with 3 discontinuities. The sensations, such as soreness, numbness, fullness/distention, heaviness, tingling, pressure, dull pain, hotness and coldness were recorded as well as the current flow output in association with the needling sensations. The differences in the frequency, intensity and current flow output relevant with the needling sensations were compared among the different acupoint pairs. Results There were no significant differences in the frequency of the needling sensations among the different acupoint pairs （all P〉0.05）. Of 9 different sensations of EA, fullness/distention, numbness and soreness presented the most commonly and remarkably; heaviness, pressure and tingling were on the second top; dull pain, hotness and coldness occurred at the lower frequency. There were the differences in the intensity of some needling sensations among the acupoint pairs, in which, the intensity of soreness, fullness/distention and heaviness was stronger at Zúsānlǐ （足三里 ST 36） vs Shuǐdào （水道 ST 28） （all P〈0.05）; the intensity of fullness / distention, and numbness was stronger at Zúsānlǐ （足三里 ST 36） vs Guānyuán （关元 CV 4） （P〈0.01）; the intensity of fullness/distention was stronger at Guānyuán （关元 CV 4） vs Zhōngwǎn （中脘 CV 12） （P〈0.05）. The current flow output of EA was similar among the acupoint pairs （all P〉0.05）. Conclusion In the situation that there is no obvious difference in the current flow output associated with EA sensations, the frequency of EA sensations does not relevant apparently with the different tissues. The difference in the intensity of the needling sensations among the different acupoints is probably relevant with the nerve segments at the acupoint locations. The frequency and the intensity of the different needling sensations at the same acupoint are relatively stable at the different times of EA.展开更多
Objective With the development of science of acupuncture and moxibustion, people have, in the knowledge of ＂deqi＂, developed from subjective level to the quantitative level, and discovered many factors influencing t...Objective With the development of science of acupuncture and moxibustion, people have, in the knowledge of ＂deqi＂, developed from subjective level to the quantitative level, and discovered many factors influencing the ＂deqi＂ of acupuncture. In this report, the relationship between ＂deqi＂ and these factors was explored in terms of different acupuncture methods and quantity and depth of stimulus. Methods Ancient literature about ＂deqi＂, as well as related literature for clinical and basic research on ＂deqi＂ in recent 10 years were systematically collected. Results （1） Cerebral functional imaging technology and the scale of ＂deqi＂ were the most common quantitative indexes for ＂deqi＂ in recent 10 years. （2） There were many factors influencing ＂deqi＂ in acupuncture, which involved personal physiological status, nature of disease, anatomical features under the acupoint, different acupuncture methods, quantity and depth of stimulus, etc. Different acupuncture methods, quantity and depth of stimulus would bring different influences on and mechanisms of ＂deqi＂. Conclusion （1） ＂Deqi＂ is not equal to needling sensation; （2） recessive needling sensation should be re-recognized; （3） the sensation of doctor should be paid attention; （4） The meaning of ＂deqi＂ should be re-defined and re-understood.展开更多
In order to find out how the climatic characteristics affect people＇s adaptability to thermal environments,experimental studies in a climate chamber are conducted on the effects of transition seasons（from spring to ...In order to find out how the climatic characteristics affect people＇s adaptability to thermal environments,experimental studies in a climate chamber are conducted on the effects of transition seasons（from spring to summer）and the occupants＇ native areas on indoor thermal sensations.Results reveal that people＇s tolerances to cool and warm indoor environments are different in the transition season.When the outdoor temperature is higher,the occupants have a weaker tolerance to a cool indoor environment,but a stronger tolerance to a warm indoor environment.Besides,it is found that the occupants＇ thermal sensations depend on both the climatic characteristics of the season and their native areas.The people from southern China present a greater tolerance to both warm and cool indoor environments than those from northern China.The reason can be explained according to the occupants＇ adaptability to the climatic characteristics and the indoor thermal environments of their native areas in different climate zones.展开更多
To reveal the principles of human thermal responses and find out the effects of body parts on whole-body thermal sensation,through a subjective survey,experimental investigations on human responses are carried out whe...To reveal the principles of human thermal responses and find out the effects of body parts on whole-body thermal sensation,through a subjective survey,experimental investigations on human responses are carried out when a single body part is thermally stimulated.Cooling airflow is sent to seven body parts,respectively.Totally 94 samples are tested.To eliminate the obvious multicollinearity of thermal sensation among different body parts,the principal component regression approach is adopted to obtain the principal components for the body parts under different experimental conditions.Through regression and analysis of principal components,the weighting factors of the seven body parts are obtained.A predictive model on whole-body thermal sensation is obtained based on the weighting factors.The results show that the different characteristics of trunk and limbs are clearly seen.The weighting factors of local thermal sensation are integrated values,and there is little difference among values of different body parts.展开更多
文摘For over three centuries,the poetic verses of Tsangyang Gyatso have echoed across the land of China,carrying not only his deep affection towards his homeland but also embodying the cultural gene of the Chinese nation.However,the life story and poetry of this legendary figure,the Sixth Dalai Lama and renown poet,have long been distorted by sensationalized dramatization and misinterpretation,even exploited by those with ulterior motives to interfere in China's internal affairs.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.52173028)。
文摘Since the first design of tactile sensors was proposed by Harmon in 1982,tactile sensors have evolved through four key phases:industrial applications(1980s,basic pressure detection),miniaturization via MEMS(1990s),flexible electronics(2010s,stretchable materials),and intelligent systems(2020s-present,AI-driven multimodal sensing).With the innovation of material,processing techniques,and multimodal fusion of stimuli,the application of tactile sensors has been continuously expanding to a diversity of areas,including but not limited to medical care,aerospace,sports and intelligent robots.Currently,researchers are dedicated to develop tactile sensors with emerging mechanisms and structures,pursuing high-sensitivity,high-resolution,and multimodal characteristics and further constructing tactile systems which imitate and approach the performance of human organs.However,challenges in the combination between the theoretical research and the practical applications are still significant.There is a lack of comprehensive understanding in the state of the art of such knowledge transferring from academic work to technical products.Scaled-up production of laboratory materials faces fatal challenges like high costs,small scale,and inconsistent quality.Ambient factors,such as temperature,humidity,and electromagnetic interference,also impair signal reliability.Moreover,tactile sensors must operate across a wide pressure range(0.1 k Pa to several or even dozens of MPa)to meet diverse application needs.Meanwhile,the existing algorithms,data models and sensing systems commonly reveal insufficient precision as well as undesired robustness in data processing,and there is a realistic gap between the designed and the demanded system response speed.In this review,oriented by the design requirements of intelligent tactile sensing systems,we summarize the common sensing mechanisms,inspired structures,key performance,and optimizing strategies,followed by a brief overview of the recent advances in the perspectives of system integration and algorithm implementation,and the possible roadmap of future development of tactile sensors,providing a forward-looking as well as critical discussions in the future industrial applications of flexible tactile sensors.
文摘Spinal cord injury(SCI) often results in permanent dysfunction of locomotion,sensation,and autonomic regulation,imposing a substantial burden on both individuals and society(Anjum et al.,2020).SCI has a complex pathophysiology:an initial primary injury(mechanical trauma,axonal disruption,and hemorrhage) is followed by a progressive secondary injury cascade that involves ischemia,neuronal loss,and inflammation.Given the challenges in achieving regeneration of the injured spinal cord,neuroprotection has been at the forefront of clinical research.
文摘The Cartesian meditations on first philosophy intended to demonstrate the existence of God.Wittgenstein’s private language argument is regarded as an attack on Cartesian dualism through the investigation of“private language”by a paradigm of sensation.This article explores how the“private language argument”bears on the Cartesian theory of mind.The mind and the body are not distinct and independent.Instead,the mind should be elucidated as the root of the body.
文摘Implantable cardioverter defibrillators(ICDs)represent an established therapeutic strategy for the prevention of sudden cardiac death and reduction of mortality in high-risk patients,while ICDs with cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators improve morbidity,quality of life,and mortality in eligible patients with heart failure who are on optimal medical therapy.However,these devices may adversely affect the patients’psychological status after the delivery of shock therapies or even because of the fear of impending therapy.On the other hand,the potential of effective treatment of malignant arrhythmias may provide a‘safety’sensation in most treated patients without significant impairment in the quality of life during periods of clinical stability.During the past few years,an increasing number of reports have investigated psychological distress,including depression and anxiety status in ICD/cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator recipients.However,heterogeneous results have been reported while data on the variation of these psychological indexes over time in implanted patients are quite limited.Several intrinsic and extrinsic factors affect the psychological status of these patients while variations of these disturbances in specific populations are evident.Factors that seem to be associated with a greater risk for depression and anxiety in this setting include female gender,younger age,and device shock therapies.Moreover,depression and anxiety may have an adverse impact on patients’clinical outcomes exacerbating heart failure and increasing the arrhythmic risk.In this brief review article,we provide a concise and critical overview of the current literature on this topic,and we also discuss unresolved and conflicting issues delineating future perspectives.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Grant funded by the Korea Government(Ministry of Science and ICT)(No.NRF-2022R1A2C2010774)by the GRRC program of Gyeonggi Province(GRRC Sungkyunkwan 2023-B04)by Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)grant funded by the Korea Government(MOTIE)(P0020967,Advanced Training Program for Smart Sensor Engineers).
文摘With the rise of artificial intelligence(AI),neuromorphic sensory systems that emulate the five basic human sensations including tactility,audition,olfaction,gustation,and vision have attracted significant attention.In particular,research on integrating sensors with artificial synapses is being carried out extensively.These studies offer valuable opportunities for making another breakthrough in AI technology,including autonomous systems,real-time monitoring systems,and human-machine interactions.In this review,we introduce promising reports of neuromorphic sensory systems.Specifically,the core sensing material,device architecture,fabrication process,and applications of the proposed systems are presented in detail.Finally,the unsolved challenges and the prospects of neuromorphic sensory systems are discussed.
文摘National Theatre of China Copenhagen Date:February 21-March 2,2025 Venue:National Center for the Performing Arts Copenhagen,a two-act play written by Michael Frayn and first performed in 1998,has won numerous awards,including a Tony Award for Best Play,creating a sensation in Europe and the United States.The play has attracted many audiences with its unique structure,mysterious plot,and engaging narrative.It is a dialogue among three dead souls:German scientist Werner Heisenberg,Danish scientist Neils Bohr,and his wife Margrethe.It pieces together a mystery in modern scientific history,of a real-life meeting that took place in 1941 in Copenhagen,at the height of Nazi power,which affected the development of the atomic bomb.
基金Supported by the National High-Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(No.2022-PUMCH-A-198).
文摘Dear Editor,Recurrent corneal erosion(RCE)is a common clinical condition characterized by repeated episodes of eye redness,pain,foreign-body sensation,photophobia,and tearing[1].The causes of RCE include trauma,chemical and thermal injuries,previous herpetic keratitis,epithelial basement membrane dystrophy,and systemic conditions like epidermolysis bullosa[2-3].
基金supported by STI2030-Major Projects(2021ZD0200200)the Key Collaborative Research Program of the Alliance of International Science Organizations(ANSO-CR-KP-2022-10)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(82151307,82202253,and 31620103905)the Science Frontier Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(QYZDJ-SSW-SMC019).
文摘Dear Editor,Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation(TMS)has emerged as a promising therapeutic tool for various neurological and psychiatric conditions[1-3].However,despite its potential benefits,TMS is not without its discomfort issues[4,5],which are mainly related to target location,stimulus intensity,and treatment duration.The discomfort associated with TMS arises from several factors,including the physical sensations experienced during the procedure and potential adverse effects on the scalp and surrounding tissues.
文摘An instrumental assessment and volunteer subjective evaluation method was developed to synchronously measure the actual skin temperature and evaluate the cool sensation,conducting a quantitative analysis of the perceived coolness.This method was used to evaluate the effect of a self-developed hot flash spray on reducing the skin temperature and inducing the cooling sensation of menopausal individuals.31 healthy menopausal volunteers were recruited as research subjects.Using infrared thermal imaging and electroencephalogram(EEG)measurements,the skin temperature and EEG data of the subjects’cheeks were simultaneously collected at baseline(BL)immediately after simulated hot flashes(HF),1 min(T1),3 mins(T3)and 5 min(T5)after the application of the test sample.The results showed that,compared with HF,the skin temperature of cheek was significantly reduced by 8.75%,8.75%and 6.41%at T1,T3 and T5(P<0.05),respectively.And alpha-1 value of EEG was increased significantly by 59.70%,58.44%,and 51.39%at T1,T3,and T5(P<0.05),respectively.The hot flash spray effectively reduces skin temperature while also provides subjects with a feeling of coolness,which can relieve hot flashes in menopausal women.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Fund Project: 30870668NIH/NCCAM subsidized project: F 05 AT 03022-01-04
文摘Objective To evaluate the influence of the tissue specificity of the acupoints （different meridians, tissues and nerve segments） on the frequency, intensity and current flow output in association with electroacupuncture （EA） sensations. Methods Twenty one volunteers received EA. According to the tissue specificities of acupoints, 5 acupoint pairs were selected, named Zúsānlǐ （足三里 ST 36） vs Yánglíngquán （阳陵泉 GB 34, different meridians）, Nèiguān （内关 PC 6） vs Dàlíng （大陵 PC 7, different tissues）, Zúsānlǐ （足三里 ST 36） vs Shuǐdào （水道 ST 28, different nerve segments）, Guānyuán （关元 CV 4） vs Zhōngwǎn （中脘 CV 12, different nerve segments）, and Zúsānlǐ （足三里 ST 36） vs Guānyuán （关元 CV 4, different meridians, tissues and nerve segments）. The electric frequency was 15 Hz. The electric current was under the subject’s tolerance without sharp pain induced. EA lasted 90 s with 3 discontinuities. The sensations, such as soreness, numbness, fullness/distention, heaviness, tingling, pressure, dull pain, hotness and coldness were recorded as well as the current flow output in association with the needling sensations. The differences in the frequency, intensity and current flow output relevant with the needling sensations were compared among the different acupoint pairs. Results There were no significant differences in the frequency of the needling sensations among the different acupoint pairs （all P〉0.05）. Of 9 different sensations of EA, fullness/distention, numbness and soreness presented the most commonly and remarkably; heaviness, pressure and tingling were on the second top; dull pain, hotness and coldness occurred at the lower frequency. There were the differences in the intensity of some needling sensations among the acupoint pairs, in which, the intensity of soreness, fullness/distention and heaviness was stronger at Zúsānlǐ （足三里 ST 36） vs Shuǐdào （水道 ST 28） （all P〈0.05）; the intensity of fullness / distention, and numbness was stronger at Zúsānlǐ （足三里 ST 36） vs Guānyuán （关元 CV 4） （P〈0.01）; the intensity of fullness/distention was stronger at Guānyuán （关元 CV 4） vs Zhōngwǎn （中脘 CV 12） （P〈0.05）. The current flow output of EA was similar among the acupoint pairs （all P〉0.05）. Conclusion In the situation that there is no obvious difference in the current flow output associated with EA sensations, the frequency of EA sensations does not relevant apparently with the different tissues. The difference in the intensity of the needling sensations among the different acupoints is probably relevant with the nerve segments at the acupoint locations. The frequency and the intensity of the different needling sensations at the same acupoint are relatively stable at the different times of EA.
基金Supported by National key Basic Research Development Program of China(973 Program):2012 CB 518506National Key Basic Research Development Program of China:2006 CB 504503+1 种基金General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China:30973793Ph.D.Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education:20090013110005
文摘Objective With the development of science of acupuncture and moxibustion, people have, in the knowledge of ＂deqi＂, developed from subjective level to the quantitative level, and discovered many factors influencing the ＂deqi＂ of acupuncture. In this report, the relationship between ＂deqi＂ and these factors was explored in terms of different acupuncture methods and quantity and depth of stimulus. Methods Ancient literature about ＂deqi＂, as well as related literature for clinical and basic research on ＂deqi＂ in recent 10 years were systematically collected. Results （1） Cerebral functional imaging technology and the scale of ＂deqi＂ were the most common quantitative indexes for ＂deqi＂ in recent 10 years. （2） There were many factors influencing ＂deqi＂ in acupuncture, which involved personal physiological status, nature of disease, anatomical features under the acupoint, different acupuncture methods, quantity and depth of stimulus, etc. Different acupuncture methods, quantity and depth of stimulus would bring different influences on and mechanisms of ＂deqi＂. Conclusion （1） ＂Deqi＂ is not equal to needling sensation; （2） recessive needling sensation should be re-recognized; （3） the sensation of doctor should be paid attention; （4） The meaning of ＂deqi＂ should be re-defined and re-understood.
基金The Major Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50838003)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2006BAJ02A06)
文摘In order to find out how the climatic characteristics affect people＇s adaptability to thermal environments,experimental studies in a climate chamber are conducted on the effects of transition seasons（from spring to summer）and the occupants＇ native areas on indoor thermal sensations.Results reveal that people＇s tolerances to cool and warm indoor environments are different in the transition season.When the outdoor temperature is higher,the occupants have a weaker tolerance to a cool indoor environment,but a stronger tolerance to a warm indoor environment.Besides,it is found that the occupants＇ thermal sensations depend on both the climatic characteristics of the season and their native areas.The people from southern China present a greater tolerance to both warm and cool indoor environments than those from northern China.The reason can be explained according to the occupants＇ adaptability to the climatic characteristics and the indoor thermal environments of their native areas in different climate zones.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50678030)
文摘To reveal the principles of human thermal responses and find out the effects of body parts on whole-body thermal sensation,through a subjective survey,experimental investigations on human responses are carried out when a single body part is thermally stimulated.Cooling airflow is sent to seven body parts,respectively.Totally 94 samples are tested.To eliminate the obvious multicollinearity of thermal sensation among different body parts,the principal component regression approach is adopted to obtain the principal components for the body parts under different experimental conditions.Through regression and analysis of principal components,the weighting factors of the seven body parts are obtained.A predictive model on whole-body thermal sensation is obtained based on the weighting factors.The results show that the different characteristics of trunk and limbs are clearly seen.The weighting factors of local thermal sensation are integrated values,and there is little difference among values of different body parts.
