Objective The current study aims to investigate the effect of Hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope（HVJ-E） on induction of apoptosis and autophagy in human prostate cancer PC3 cells, and the underlying mechanisms...Objective The current study aims to investigate the effect of Hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope（HVJ-E） on induction of apoptosis and autophagy in human prostate cancer PC3 cells, and the underlying mechanisms. Methods PC3 cells were treated with HVJ-E at various multiplicity of infection（MOI）, and the generated reactive oxygen species（ROS）, cell viability, apoptosis, and autophagy were detected, respectively. Next, the role of ROS played in the regulation of HVJ-E-induced apoptosis and autuphagy in PC3 cells were analysed. In the end, the relationship between HVJ-E-induced apoptosis and autuophagy was investigated by using rapamycin and chloroquine. Results Flow cytometry assay revealed that HVJ-E treatment induced dose-dependent apoptosis and that the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways were involved in HVJ-E-induced apoptosis in PC3 cells. In addition, HVJ-E was able to induce autophagy in PC3 cells via the class III PI3 K/beclin-1 pathway. The data also implyed that HVJ-E-triggered autophagy and apoptosis were ROS dependent. When ROS was blocked with N-acetylcysteine（NAC）, HVJ-E-induced LC3-II conversion and apoptosis were reversed. Interestingly, HVJ-E-induced apoptosis was significantly increased by an inducer of autophagy, rapamycin pretreatment, both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion HVJ-E exerts anticancer effects via autophagic cell death in prostate cancer cells.展开更多
AIM: To investigate a novel therapeutic strategy to target and suppress c-myc in human cancers using far up stream element (FUSE)-binding protein-interacting repressor (FIR).
The mortality of cancer patients has considerably improved due to progress in surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, some types of cancers, such as melanoma, remain refractory to conventional strategies. Alt...The mortality of cancer patients has considerably improved due to progress in surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, some types of cancers, such as melanoma, remain refractory to conventional strategies. Although melanoma accounts for only 4% of all dermatological malignancies, it is responsible for 80% of mortalities from skin tumors[11. The reported survival rate of melanoma over 5 years is not yet encouraging due to its chemo-resistance and rapid metastasis. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new drugs with potent activity and weak side-effect against melanoma.展开更多
Combinations of DNA and recombinant-viral-vector based vaccines are promising AIDS vaccine methods because of their potential for inducing cellular immune responses. It was found that Gag-specific cytotoxic lymphocyte...Combinations of DNA and recombinant-viral-vector based vaccines are promising AIDS vaccine methods because of their potential for inducing cellular immune responses. It was found that Gag-specific cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) responses were associated with lowering viremia in an untreated HIV-1 infected cohort. The main objectives of our studies were the construction of DNA and recombinant Sendai virus vector (rSeV) vaccines containing a gag gene from the prevalent Thailand subtype B strain in China and trying to use these vaccines for therapeutic and prophylactic vaccines. The candidate plasmid DNA vaccine pcDNA3.1(+)-gag and recombinant Sendai virus vaccine (rSeV-gag) were constructed separately. It was verified by Western blotting analysis that both DNA and rSeV-gag vaccines expressed the HIV-1 Gag protein correctly and efficiently. Balb/c mice were immunized with these two vaccines in different administration schemes. HIV-1 Gag-specific CTL responses and antibody levels were detected by intracellular cytokine staining assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) respectively. Combined vaccines in a DNA prime/rSeV-gag boost vaccination regimen induced the strongest and most long-lasting Gag-specific CTL and antibody responses. It maintained relatively high levels even 9 weeks post immunization. This data indicated that the prime-boost regimen with DNA and rSeV-gag vaccines may offer promising HIV vaccine regimens.展开更多
Objective This paper aims to investigate the apoptotic effect of inactivated Sendai virus （hemagglutinating virus of Japan-enveloped, HVJ-E） on routine melanoma cells （B16FlO） and the possible mechanisms involved ...Objective This paper aims to investigate the apoptotic effect of inactivated Sendai virus （hemagglutinating virus of Japan-enveloped, HVJ-E） on routine melanoma cells （B16FlO） and the possible mechanisms involved in the putative apoptotic reactions. Methods B16F10 cells were treated with HVJ-E at various multiplicities of infection （MOI）, and the reactive oxygen species （ROS）, cell viability, and apoptosis were measured. Next, the roles of ROS in the regulation of Bcl-2/Bax and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） pathways in HVJ-E-treated B16F10 cells were analyzed. To further evaluate the cytotoxic effect of HVJ-E-generated ROS on B16FlO cells, HVJ-E was intratumorally injected, both with and without N-acetyI-L-cysteine （NAC）, into melanoma tumors on BALB/c mice. Tumor volume was then monitored for 3 weeks, and the tumor proteins were separated for immunoblot assay. Results Treatment of B16F10 cells with HVJ-E resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell-viability and an induction of apoptosis. The latter effect was associated with the generation of ROS. Inhibition of ROS generation by NAC resulted in a significant reduction of HVJ-E-induced Erkl/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK activation. Additionally, ROS inhibition caused a decrease in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio as well as promoting activation of apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion These results suggest that HVJ-E possesses potential anticancer activity in B16F10 cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction involving the MAPK pathway.展开更多
Objective Inactivated Sendai virus particle [hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope （HVJ-E）] has a potential oncolytic effect due to its ability to induce apoptosis in tumor cells. However, the molecular mechanism...Objective Inactivated Sendai virus particle [hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope （HVJ-E）] has a potential oncolytic effect due to its ability to induce apoptosis in tumor cells. However, the molecular mechanism of apoptosis induction in cancer cells mediated by HVJ-E has not been fully elucidated. This paper aims to investigate the underlying mechanism of apoptosis induction by HVJ-E in prostate cancer cells （PC3）. Methods PC3 cells were treated with HVJ-E at various MOI, and then interferon-β（IFN-β） production, and the cell viability and apoptosis were detected by ELISA, MTl--based assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Next, the roles of Jak-Stat, MAPK and Akt pathways played in HVJ-E-induced apoptosis in PC3 cells were analyzed by immunoblot assay. To further evaluate the cytotoxic effect of HVJ-E on PC3 cells, HVJ-E was intratumorally injected into prostate cancers on BALB/c-nude mice, and the tumor volume was monitored for 36 days. Results HVJ-E induced iFN-β production and activated Jak-Stat signaling pathway, which resulted in the activation of caspase-8, caspase-3, and PARP in PC3 prostate cancer cells post HVJ-E treatment. Furthermore, we observed for the first time that p38 and Jnk MAPKs in PC3 cells contributed to HVJ-E-induced apoptosis. In addition, intratumoral HVJ-E treatment displayed a direct inhibitory effect in an in vivo BALB/c nude mouse prostate cancer model. Conclusion Our findings have provided novel insights into the underlying mechanisms by which HVJ-E induces apoptosis in tumor cells.展开更多
The Asia-Pacific Region is an area with a high risk of catastrophic natural disasters such as earthquakes,tsunamis and volcanic eruptions.In today’s highly globalized economy,when a major disaster occurs,it can creat...The Asia-Pacific Region is an area with a high risk of catastrophic natural disasters such as earthquakes,tsunamis and volcanic eruptions.In today’s highly globalized economy,when a major disaster occurs,it can create unpredictable turmoil not just in the affected area but also the rest of the world.Countermeasures against these natural disasters are crucial for the sustainable development.We believe that continuous efforts to develop an effective international framework to reduce the risk of natural disasters are very important.It is expected that geological institutions will collaborate and create a system to gather and process information to formulate disaster mitigation measures in the Asia-Pacific Region.This system must be easy to use and freely accessible to the public to meet societal needs.展开更多
As the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)approaches its 10th anniversary,we find ourselves at a critical juncture.Over the past decade,we have witnessed a convergence of climate risks that d...As the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)approaches its 10th anniversary,we find ourselves at a critical juncture.Over the past decade,we have witnessed a convergence of climate risks that demand increasingly sophisticated and collaborative responses.展开更多
Bringing together global efforts to enhance the implementation of warnings in managing vulnerabilities,hazards,risks,and disasters is essential to saving lives and for long-term vulnerability reduction.Ten years into ...Bringing together global efforts to enhance the implementation of warnings in managing vulnerabilities,hazards,risks,and disasters is essential to saving lives and for long-term vulnerability reduction.Ten years into the implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR),there has been a renewed focus on warnings following the 2022 announcement by the United Nations Secretary-General of the five-year goal of Early Warnings for All.Delivering on Target G of the SFDRR has subsequently generated significant outcomes,however substantial gaps remain with implementing effective early warning systems(EWS).This article charts the policy evolution of warnings within the UN context and outlines the progress and remaining gaps of EWS in the SFDRR to date.Three key gaps that hinder the effective delivery of SFDRR and beyond are identified:(1)the need for common understanding of warning processes and terminology,such as multi-hazard EWS,and further elucidation of indicators used to measure and chart progress;(2)the need to mobilize and strengthen existing EWS,many of which are not formally recognized yet do the work of warnings across actors and entities,especially in fragile or resource-poor contexts;and(3)the need to foster collaboration between the multitude of actors and approaches involved in all forms of warnings,including people-centered warnings to address diversity and inclusivity,and integrate top-down and bottom-up approaches across sectors.Significant barriers to working across the numerous silos(institutional,geographical,political,and scientific)must be overcome to generate effective people-centered multi-hazard EWS to support disaster risk reduction in the future.Recommendations on how to fill these gaps in future frameworks are provided,to support people-centered,integrated warnings for all.展开更多
The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)is at its 10th anniversary amidst a rapidly changing climate,which,together with social vulnerabilities,have led to significant impacts on human health ...The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)is at its 10th anniversary amidst a rapidly changing climate,which,together with social vulnerabilities,have led to significant impacts on human health and well-being.In the climate change and health field,the term“climate-related health risks”is often used while the term“health disaster”is less common.This article identifies opportunities and challenges that the SFDRR presents for the intersection between climate change and health.The SFDRR,through disaster risk reduction for climate change and health,complements international health-and climate change-related agendas.It expands the perspective of climate change and health beyond the classical health sphere by highlighting the importance of addressing the underlying drivers of disaster risk,most of them related to social vulnerabilities.Additionally,strong governance and leadership from the health sector might foster the integration of health-centered perspectives into climate change policies.However,the SFDRR faces challenges due to differential capacities among countries,which limit effective implementation.The role of politics,power,and diverse interests needs to be recognized in disaster-related decision-making processes,as well as the many barriers for global and systematic disaster-related data structures that limit a comprehensive understanding of disaster risk.The 10th anniversary of the SFDRR represents an opportunity to reflect on the many opportunities that it represents and on the challenges that need to be addressed.By looking for synergies among diverse agendas,initiatives,and collaborations,the SFDRR sheds some light on protecting people’s health and well-being.展开更多
Over the past decade,Latin America and the Caribbean(LAC)have made progress in implementing the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR).Still,significant challenges remain in assessing its impact...Over the past decade,Latin America and the Caribbean(LAC)have made progress in implementing the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR).Still,significant challenges remain in assessing its impact.The region’s high levels of inequality and vulnerability to disasters continue to hinder the effectiveness of disaster risk reduction(DRR)efforts.This article emphasizes the importance of a multi-stakeholder approach in SFDRR implementation,particularly the role of regional intergovernmental organizations(IGOs)and networks that promote collaboration among civil society,the private sector,Indigenous peoples,persons with disabilities,youth,and marginalized groups.Despite government efforts to integrate SFDRR into national policies,gaps in stakeholder engagement,resource allocation,and governance limit DRR effectiveness.The article underscores the value of co-production for involving communities to contribute to designing DRR strategies that address their specific needs.Co-produced strategies can bridge the gap between high-level policies and practical solutions by leveraging local knowledge and fostering partnerships.The review of regional networks’efforts highlights the central role of IGOs in coordinating DRR strategies.These networks help create innovative solutions that empower communities.The article advocates for thinking about the subsequent phases post-SFDRR,drawing on the lessons from the regional networks and calls for more strategic collaborations and experimentation as a model to promote effective governance of DRR by engaging multiple stakeholders to design and pilot locally-driven solutions that can accelerate the implementation of the priorities of the SFDRR to reduce disaster risks in LAC through collaborations that build capacity through action and ensure meaningful engagement.展开更多
The Mid-Term Review of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR)recognizes the“interconnections and interdependencies”of disaster resilience.Conceptual and empirical research suggests that t...The Mid-Term Review of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR)recognizes the“interconnections and interdependencies”of disaster resilience.Conceptual and empirical research suggests that the field currently lacks innovative methodologies to enhance associated policy and practice that actively harnesses these relational dimensions.To help address these gaps,we apply Paul Ricoeur’s concept of being in the world(“Oneself as Another”)to explore what a relationally-focused understanding might offer for the operationalization of the SFDRR’s 13 Guiding Principles.Our article outlines discursive,concrete,and practical benefits when relational approaches are fostered,including:(1)addressing shortcomings of structuralist,instrumentalist,and rationalist approaches;and(2)achieving more cohesive,ethical,and meaningful disaster resilience outcomes.Our analysis also reveals the particular risks of continuing to focus on the structural organizing of the constituent elements of the SFDRR’s disaster resilience policy and practice instead of attending to relational dimensions and processes.These risks include limiting ourselves to an instrumentally-driven,disconnected discourse and narrative of responses to disaster that favor the Self gaining resilience“through”Another.Thus,the alternative we illustrate,and advocate for,is a relational style of building resilience through prioritizing a robust sense of Oneself“with”Another.It is through this sense of“with”that can enable a shift from asymmetrical to symmetrical forms of policy and practice for future disaster resilience.展开更多
The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)aims to play a fundamental role in increasing global resilience.The focus of this research is to consider analysis of risks and recovery related to sate...The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)aims to play a fundamental role in increasing global resilience.The focus of this research is to consider analysis of risks and recovery related to satellite disruption within the context of the SFDRR.Analysis of satellite disruption has often been more technical and less focused on supporting recovery.This research considers the framework’s relevance for preventing disruption to satellite systems and global recovery measures for related disasters that emerge due to dependence on satellites.First,the use of space terminology within the framework is considered.Next,principles within the SFDRR that are relevant to satellite system disruption are highlighted,and this is followed by presentation of key gaps relevant to this disruption,before potential improvements to expand the framework are proposed.This article outlines how concepts within the SFDRR could help to improve recovery from a disaster that occurs due to worst-case-scenario type satellite disruption.In this case,critical satellites are disrupted,preventing access to fundamental services such as navigation and timing.The aims of this research are to consider how the SFDRR can be expanded to consider disruption to critical satellite systems,by identifying aspects of the framework that are applicable to this type of disaster.Another outcome is to contribute to wider disaster recovery literature by encouraging consideration of disasters involving disruption to digital services.展开更多
Humanitarian action and disaster risk reduction are essential in addressing global vulnerability to disasters and crises.The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR),adopted in 2015,has garnered ...Humanitarian action and disaster risk reduction are essential in addressing global vulnerability to disasters and crises.The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR),adopted in 2015,has garnered significant attention for its role in fostering disaster risk reduction.The role the SFDRR plays vis-à-vis humanitarian action represents a crucial space where policies,practices,and priorities(could)converge and diverge.Understanding the dynamics of this SFDRRhumanitarian action relationship is essential for advancing both disaster risk reduction and humanitarian goals.This article comprehensively examines this relationship since the adoption of the SFDRR.Employing a multimethod approach,including a systematic literature review,mapping exercise,and expert interviews,the study identified key themes and challenges in integrating the SFDRR within humanitarian action.Findings indicate that while SFDRR references are prevalent in postdisaster discussions,their full integration into humanitarian strategies remains nascent.Notably,advancements in anticipatory humanitarian action represent primary arenas for SFDRR integration within humanitarianism.The role of the International Disaster Response Law in bridging SFDRR and humanitarianism also emerged as an important finding.The study also underscored blurred distinctions between humanitarianism and disaster-related actions,highlighting the limited systemic integration of the SFDRR by traditional humanitarian actors.Moving forward,the study advocates for improved collaboration between humanitarian and disaster management sectors to strengthen disaster prevention,response,and mitigation.By examining the relationship between SFDRR objectives and modern humanitarian practices,this research aims to enhance disaster preparedness,response,and recovery strategies,alongside other crisis management approaches.展开更多
Ten years after the adoption of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030,disaster risk governance remains one of its most ambitious yet unevenly implemented priorities,particularly in African contex...Ten years after the adoption of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030,disaster risk governance remains one of its most ambitious yet unevenly implemented priorities,particularly in African contexts.While Priority 2 articulates a comprehensive vision of inclusive,coordinated,and multisectoral governance,many African countries continue to operate without updated disaster legislation or coherent institutional frameworks.This study critically examined how Priority 2 has been interpreted and operationalized in five African countries—Kenya,Nigeria,Egypt,Namibia,and the Democratic Republic of Congo—drawing on qualitative document analysis and a thematic framework derived from the Sendai Framework governance dimensions.The study found partial alignment with Sendai Framework's aspirations,especially in legal reforms,multilevel planning,and stakeholder engagement in countries like Kenya and Namibia.However,persistent gaps remain in integrating disaster risk reduction into sectoral policies,institutionalizing participation,and ensuring transparency and accountability.The Sendai Framework's emphasis on technocratic coordination and universal governance models often overlooks power dynamics,historical inequalities,and informal institutional realities,limiting its transformative potential.Participation is frequently symbolic rather than substantive,and risk is treated as a technical variable rather than a product of structural vulnerability.These findings underscore the need to move beyond compliance-driven governance models toward more context-sensitive,adaptive,and justice-oriented approaches.As global risk landscapes evolve,the post-2030 agenda must prioritize institutional learning,power redistribution,and inclusive decision making.展开更多
1 Happy Birthday to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction!Happy 10th birthday to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)!On 18 March 2015,it was signed,contributing to the wider Ag...1 Happy Birthday to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction!Happy 10th birthday to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)!On 18 March 2015,it was signed,contributing to the wider Agenda 2030 that embraces sustainable development,climate change,humanitarianism,development finance,and many others.It focuses on reducing the risk of disasters within the wider aims to do better for ourselves.展开更多
This article aims to assess Algeria’s progress in implementing the seven global targets of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)between 2015 and 2022.To achieve this,both qualitative and q...This article aims to assess Algeria’s progress in implementing the seven global targets of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)between 2015 and 2022.To achieve this,both qualitative and quantitative data were collected to meet the study’s objectives.The primary goal is to report on Algeria’s alignment with the seven SFDRR targets,considering the four priority areas of the framework as they relate to these targets.The article also seeks to explore the governance of risk in Algeria in the context of the SFDRR’s implementation.Over the past decade,Algeria has experienced a range of disasters involving natural hazards,including floods,storms,droughts,extreme temperatures,wildfires,earthquakes,transport crashes,and outbreaks of diseases such as COVID-19.These disasters,along with other endogenous causes not addressed in this article,have significantly hindered the country’s progress toward key global objectives,including the SFDRR.展开更多
Correction to:International Journal of Disaster Risk Science https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-025-00619-4.In this article the author’s name Armine Benmokhtar was incorrectly written as Armine Belmokhtar.The original ar...Correction to:International Journal of Disaster Risk Science https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-025-00619-4.In this article the author’s name Armine Benmokhtar was incorrectly written as Armine Belmokhtar.The original article has been corrected.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[2017YFD0502303]National N atural Science Foundation of China[No.31302042]High-end Talent Support Program of Yangzhou University and the Young and Middle-aged Academic Leaders Plan of Yangzhou University and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
文摘Objective The current study aims to investigate the effect of Hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope（HVJ-E） on induction of apoptosis and autophagy in human prostate cancer PC3 cells, and the underlying mechanisms. Methods PC3 cells were treated with HVJ-E at various multiplicity of infection（MOI）, and the generated reactive oxygen species（ROS）, cell viability, apoptosis, and autophagy were detected, respectively. Next, the role of ROS played in the regulation of HVJ-E-induced apoptosis and autuphagy in PC3 cells were analysed. In the end, the relationship between HVJ-E-induced apoptosis and autuophagy was investigated by using rapamycin and chloroquine. Results Flow cytometry assay revealed that HVJ-E treatment induced dose-dependent apoptosis and that the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways were involved in HVJ-E-induced apoptosis in PC3 cells. In addition, HVJ-E was able to induce autophagy in PC3 cells via the class III PI3 K/beclin-1 pathway. The data also implyed that HVJ-E-triggered autophagy and apoptosis were ROS dependent. When ROS was blocked with N-acetylcysteine（NAC）, HVJ-E-induced LC3-II conversion and apoptosis were reversed. Interestingly, HVJ-E-induced apoptosis was significantly increased by an inducer of autophagy, rapamycin pretreatment, both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion HVJ-E exerts anticancer effects via autophagic cell death in prostate cancer cells.
基金Supported by In part by the 21st Century COE(Center Of Ex-cellence)Programs to Dr.Takenori Ochiaiby a Grant-in-Aid 18591453 to K.M from the Ministry of Education,Science,Sports and Culture of Japan
文摘AIM: To investigate a novel therapeutic strategy to target and suppress c-myc in human cancers using far up stream element (FUSE)-binding protein-interacting repressor (FIR).
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK2011049)Jiangsu"333"Projects in Jiangsu Province(BK201140032)Innovation Fund ofYangzhou University(2012CXJ085)
文摘The mortality of cancer patients has considerably improved due to progress in surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, some types of cancers, such as melanoma, remain refractory to conventional strategies. Although melanoma accounts for only 4% of all dermatological malignancies, it is responsible for 80% of mortalities from skin tumors[11. The reported survival rate of melanoma over 5 years is not yet encouraging due to its chemo-resistance and rapid metastasis. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new drugs with potent activity and weak side-effect against melanoma.
文摘Combinations of DNA and recombinant-viral-vector based vaccines are promising AIDS vaccine methods because of their potential for inducing cellular immune responses. It was found that Gag-specific cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) responses were associated with lowering viremia in an untreated HIV-1 infected cohort. The main objectives of our studies were the construction of DNA and recombinant Sendai virus vector (rSeV) vaccines containing a gag gene from the prevalent Thailand subtype B strain in China and trying to use these vaccines for therapeutic and prophylactic vaccines. The candidate plasmid DNA vaccine pcDNA3.1(+)-gag and recombinant Sendai virus vaccine (rSeV-gag) were constructed separately. It was verified by Western blotting analysis that both DNA and rSeV-gag vaccines expressed the HIV-1 Gag protein correctly and efficiently. Balb/c mice were immunized with these two vaccines in different administration schemes. HIV-1 Gag-specific CTL responses and antibody levels were detected by intracellular cytokine staining assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) respectively. Combined vaccines in a DNA prime/rSeV-gag boost vaccination regimen induced the strongest and most long-lasting Gag-specific CTL and antibody responses. It maintained relatively high levels even 9 weeks post immunization. This data indicated that the prime-boost regimen with DNA and rSeV-gag vaccines may offer promising HIV vaccine regimens.
基金the National Natural Science foundation of China(No.31302042)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20130445)+1 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsthe Young and Middle-aged Academic Leaders Plan of Yangzhou University
文摘Objective This paper aims to investigate the apoptotic effect of inactivated Sendai virus （hemagglutinating virus of Japan-enveloped, HVJ-E） on routine melanoma cells （B16FlO） and the possible mechanisms involved in the putative apoptotic reactions. Methods B16F10 cells were treated with HVJ-E at various multiplicities of infection （MOI）, and the reactive oxygen species （ROS）, cell viability, and apoptosis were measured. Next, the roles of ROS in the regulation of Bcl-2/Bax and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） pathways in HVJ-E-treated B16F10 cells were analyzed. To further evaluate the cytotoxic effect of HVJ-E-generated ROS on B16FlO cells, HVJ-E was intratumorally injected, both with and without N-acetyI-L-cysteine （NAC）, into melanoma tumors on BALB/c mice. Tumor volume was then monitored for 3 weeks, and the tumor proteins were separated for immunoblot assay. Results Treatment of B16F10 cells with HVJ-E resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell-viability and an induction of apoptosis. The latter effect was associated with the generation of ROS. Inhibition of ROS generation by NAC resulted in a significant reduction of HVJ-E-induced Erkl/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK activation. Additionally, ROS inhibition caused a decrease in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio as well as promoting activation of apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion These results suggest that HVJ-E possesses potential anticancer activity in B16F10 cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction involving the MAPK pathway.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20130445)National Natural Science foundation of China(No.31302042)
文摘Objective Inactivated Sendai virus particle [hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope （HVJ-E）] has a potential oncolytic effect due to its ability to induce apoptosis in tumor cells. However, the molecular mechanism of apoptosis induction in cancer cells mediated by HVJ-E has not been fully elucidated. This paper aims to investigate the underlying mechanism of apoptosis induction by HVJ-E in prostate cancer cells （PC3）. Methods PC3 cells were treated with HVJ-E at various MOI, and then interferon-β（IFN-β） production, and the cell viability and apoptosis were detected by ELISA, MTl--based assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Next, the roles of Jak-Stat, MAPK and Akt pathways played in HVJ-E-induced apoptosis in PC3 cells were analyzed by immunoblot assay. To further evaluate the cytotoxic effect of HVJ-E on PC3 cells, HVJ-E was intratumorally injected into prostate cancers on BALB/c-nude mice, and the tumor volume was monitored for 36 days. Results HVJ-E induced iFN-β production and activated Jak-Stat signaling pathway, which resulted in the activation of caspase-8, caspase-3, and PARP in PC3 prostate cancer cells post HVJ-E treatment. Furthermore, we observed for the first time that p38 and Jnk MAPKs in PC3 cells contributed to HVJ-E-induced apoptosis. In addition, intratumoral HVJ-E treatment displayed a direct inhibitory effect in an in vivo BALB/c nude mouse prostate cancer model. Conclusion Our findings have provided novel insights into the underlying mechanisms by which HVJ-E induces apoptosis in tumor cells.
文摘The Asia-Pacific Region is an area with a high risk of catastrophic natural disasters such as earthquakes,tsunamis and volcanic eruptions.In today’s highly globalized economy,when a major disaster occurs,it can create unpredictable turmoil not just in the affected area but also the rest of the world.Countermeasures against these natural disasters are crucial for the sustainable development.We believe that continuous efforts to develop an effective international framework to reduce the risk of natural disasters are very important.It is expected that geological institutions will collaborate and create a system to gather and process information to formulate disaster mitigation measures in the Asia-Pacific Region.This system must be easy to use and freely accessible to the public to meet societal needs.
文摘As the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)approaches its 10th anniversary,we find ourselves at a critical juncture.Over the past decade,we have witnessed a convergence of climate risks that demand increasingly sophisticated and collaborative responses.
文摘Bringing together global efforts to enhance the implementation of warnings in managing vulnerabilities,hazards,risks,and disasters is essential to saving lives and for long-term vulnerability reduction.Ten years into the implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR),there has been a renewed focus on warnings following the 2022 announcement by the United Nations Secretary-General of the five-year goal of Early Warnings for All.Delivering on Target G of the SFDRR has subsequently generated significant outcomes,however substantial gaps remain with implementing effective early warning systems(EWS).This article charts the policy evolution of warnings within the UN context and outlines the progress and remaining gaps of EWS in the SFDRR to date.Three key gaps that hinder the effective delivery of SFDRR and beyond are identified:(1)the need for common understanding of warning processes and terminology,such as multi-hazard EWS,and further elucidation of indicators used to measure and chart progress;(2)the need to mobilize and strengthen existing EWS,many of which are not formally recognized yet do the work of warnings across actors and entities,especially in fragile or resource-poor contexts;and(3)the need to foster collaboration between the multitude of actors and approaches involved in all forms of warnings,including people-centered warnings to address diversity and inclusivity,and integrate top-down and bottom-up approaches across sectors.Significant barriers to working across the numerous silos(institutional,geographical,political,and scientific)must be overcome to generate effective people-centered multi-hazard EWS to support disaster risk reduction in the future.Recommendations on how to fill these gaps in future frameworks are provided,to support people-centered,integrated warnings for all.
文摘The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)is at its 10th anniversary amidst a rapidly changing climate,which,together with social vulnerabilities,have led to significant impacts on human health and well-being.In the climate change and health field,the term“climate-related health risks”is often used while the term“health disaster”is less common.This article identifies opportunities and challenges that the SFDRR presents for the intersection between climate change and health.The SFDRR,through disaster risk reduction for climate change and health,complements international health-and climate change-related agendas.It expands the perspective of climate change and health beyond the classical health sphere by highlighting the importance of addressing the underlying drivers of disaster risk,most of them related to social vulnerabilities.Additionally,strong governance and leadership from the health sector might foster the integration of health-centered perspectives into climate change policies.However,the SFDRR faces challenges due to differential capacities among countries,which limit effective implementation.The role of politics,power,and diverse interests needs to be recognized in disaster-related decision-making processes,as well as the many barriers for global and systematic disaster-related data structures that limit a comprehensive understanding of disaster risk.The 10th anniversary of the SFDRR represents an opportunity to reflect on the many opportunities that it represents and on the challenges that need to be addressed.By looking for synergies among diverse agendas,initiatives,and collaborations,the SFDRR sheds some light on protecting people’s health and well-being.
文摘Over the past decade,Latin America and the Caribbean(LAC)have made progress in implementing the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR).Still,significant challenges remain in assessing its impact.The region’s high levels of inequality and vulnerability to disasters continue to hinder the effectiveness of disaster risk reduction(DRR)efforts.This article emphasizes the importance of a multi-stakeholder approach in SFDRR implementation,particularly the role of regional intergovernmental organizations(IGOs)and networks that promote collaboration among civil society,the private sector,Indigenous peoples,persons with disabilities,youth,and marginalized groups.Despite government efforts to integrate SFDRR into national policies,gaps in stakeholder engagement,resource allocation,and governance limit DRR effectiveness.The article underscores the value of co-production for involving communities to contribute to designing DRR strategies that address their specific needs.Co-produced strategies can bridge the gap between high-level policies and practical solutions by leveraging local knowledge and fostering partnerships.The review of regional networks’efforts highlights the central role of IGOs in coordinating DRR strategies.These networks help create innovative solutions that empower communities.The article advocates for thinking about the subsequent phases post-SFDRR,drawing on the lessons from the regional networks and calls for more strategic collaborations and experimentation as a model to promote effective governance of DRR by engaging multiple stakeholders to design and pilot locally-driven solutions that can accelerate the implementation of the priorities of the SFDRR to reduce disaster risks in LAC through collaborations that build capacity through action and ensure meaningful engagement.
文摘The Mid-Term Review of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR)recognizes the“interconnections and interdependencies”of disaster resilience.Conceptual and empirical research suggests that the field currently lacks innovative methodologies to enhance associated policy and practice that actively harnesses these relational dimensions.To help address these gaps,we apply Paul Ricoeur’s concept of being in the world(“Oneself as Another”)to explore what a relationally-focused understanding might offer for the operationalization of the SFDRR’s 13 Guiding Principles.Our article outlines discursive,concrete,and practical benefits when relational approaches are fostered,including:(1)addressing shortcomings of structuralist,instrumentalist,and rationalist approaches;and(2)achieving more cohesive,ethical,and meaningful disaster resilience outcomes.Our analysis also reveals the particular risks of continuing to focus on the structural organizing of the constituent elements of the SFDRR’s disaster resilience policy and practice instead of attending to relational dimensions and processes.These risks include limiting ourselves to an instrumentally-driven,disconnected discourse and narrative of responses to disaster that favor the Self gaining resilience“through”Another.Thus,the alternative we illustrate,and advocate for,is a relational style of building resilience through prioritizing a robust sense of Oneself“with”Another.It is through this sense of“with”that can enable a shift from asymmetrical to symmetrical forms of policy and practice for future disaster resilience.
基金funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council through the EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Trust,Identity,Privacy and Security at Scale(EP/S022465/1).
文摘The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)aims to play a fundamental role in increasing global resilience.The focus of this research is to consider analysis of risks and recovery related to satellite disruption within the context of the SFDRR.Analysis of satellite disruption has often been more technical and less focused on supporting recovery.This research considers the framework’s relevance for preventing disruption to satellite systems and global recovery measures for related disasters that emerge due to dependence on satellites.First,the use of space terminology within the framework is considered.Next,principles within the SFDRR that are relevant to satellite system disruption are highlighted,and this is followed by presentation of key gaps relevant to this disruption,before potential improvements to expand the framework are proposed.This article outlines how concepts within the SFDRR could help to improve recovery from a disaster that occurs due to worst-case-scenario type satellite disruption.In this case,critical satellites are disrupted,preventing access to fundamental services such as navigation and timing.The aims of this research are to consider how the SFDRR can be expanded to consider disruption to critical satellite systems,by identifying aspects of the framework that are applicable to this type of disaster.Another outcome is to contribute to wider disaster recovery literature by encouraging consideration of disasters involving disruption to digital services.
基金supported by the European Research Council under the Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme(Grant agreement 884139).
文摘Humanitarian action and disaster risk reduction are essential in addressing global vulnerability to disasters and crises.The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR),adopted in 2015,has garnered significant attention for its role in fostering disaster risk reduction.The role the SFDRR plays vis-à-vis humanitarian action represents a crucial space where policies,practices,and priorities(could)converge and diverge.Understanding the dynamics of this SFDRRhumanitarian action relationship is essential for advancing both disaster risk reduction and humanitarian goals.This article comprehensively examines this relationship since the adoption of the SFDRR.Employing a multimethod approach,including a systematic literature review,mapping exercise,and expert interviews,the study identified key themes and challenges in integrating the SFDRR within humanitarian action.Findings indicate that while SFDRR references are prevalent in postdisaster discussions,their full integration into humanitarian strategies remains nascent.Notably,advancements in anticipatory humanitarian action represent primary arenas for SFDRR integration within humanitarianism.The role of the International Disaster Response Law in bridging SFDRR and humanitarianism also emerged as an important finding.The study also underscored blurred distinctions between humanitarianism and disaster-related actions,highlighting the limited systemic integration of the SFDRR by traditional humanitarian actors.Moving forward,the study advocates for improved collaboration between humanitarian and disaster management sectors to strengthen disaster prevention,response,and mitigation.By examining the relationship between SFDRR objectives and modern humanitarian practices,this research aims to enhance disaster preparedness,response,and recovery strategies,alongside other crisis management approaches.
文摘Ten years after the adoption of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030,disaster risk governance remains one of its most ambitious yet unevenly implemented priorities,particularly in African contexts.While Priority 2 articulates a comprehensive vision of inclusive,coordinated,and multisectoral governance,many African countries continue to operate without updated disaster legislation or coherent institutional frameworks.This study critically examined how Priority 2 has been interpreted and operationalized in five African countries—Kenya,Nigeria,Egypt,Namibia,and the Democratic Republic of Congo—drawing on qualitative document analysis and a thematic framework derived from the Sendai Framework governance dimensions.The study found partial alignment with Sendai Framework's aspirations,especially in legal reforms,multilevel planning,and stakeholder engagement in countries like Kenya and Namibia.However,persistent gaps remain in integrating disaster risk reduction into sectoral policies,institutionalizing participation,and ensuring transparency and accountability.The Sendai Framework's emphasis on technocratic coordination and universal governance models often overlooks power dynamics,historical inequalities,and informal institutional realities,limiting its transformative potential.Participation is frequently symbolic rather than substantive,and risk is treated as a technical variable rather than a product of structural vulnerability.These findings underscore the need to move beyond compliance-driven governance models toward more context-sensitive,adaptive,and justice-oriented approaches.As global risk landscapes evolve,the post-2030 agenda must prioritize institutional learning,power redistribution,and inclusive decision making.
文摘1 Happy Birthday to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction!Happy 10th birthday to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)!On 18 March 2015,it was signed,contributing to the wider Agenda 2030 that embraces sustainable development,climate change,humanitarianism,development finance,and many others.It focuses on reducing the risk of disasters within the wider aims to do better for ourselves.
文摘This article aims to assess Algeria’s progress in implementing the seven global targets of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030(SFDRR)between 2015 and 2022.To achieve this,both qualitative and quantitative data were collected to meet the study’s objectives.The primary goal is to report on Algeria’s alignment with the seven SFDRR targets,considering the four priority areas of the framework as they relate to these targets.The article also seeks to explore the governance of risk in Algeria in the context of the SFDRR’s implementation.Over the past decade,Algeria has experienced a range of disasters involving natural hazards,including floods,storms,droughts,extreme temperatures,wildfires,earthquakes,transport crashes,and outbreaks of diseases such as COVID-19.These disasters,along with other endogenous causes not addressed in this article,have significantly hindered the country’s progress toward key global objectives,including the SFDRR.
文摘Correction to:International Journal of Disaster Risk Science https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-025-00619-4.In this article the author’s name Armine Benmokhtar was incorrectly written as Armine Belmokhtar.The original article has been corrected.
