Noncohesive particle clusters are identified and tracked in turbulent flows to determine the breakdown and time evolution of cluster statistics and their implications for interscale mass transfer,which has connections...Noncohesive particle clusters are identified and tracked in turbulent flows to determine the breakdown and time evolution of cluster statistics and their implications for interscale mass transfer,which has connections to the classical turbulent energy cascade and its mass cascade counterpart running in parallel.In particular,the formation and dynamics of sediment and larvae clusters are of interest to coral larvae settlement in coastal regions and particularly the resilience of green-gray coastal protection solutions.Analogous cluster behavior is relevant to cloud microphysics and precipitation initiation,radiation transport and light transmission through colloids and suspensions,heat and mass transfer in particle-laden flows,and viral and pollutant transmission.Following a comparison between various clustering techniques,we adopt a density-based cluster identification algorithm based on its simplicity and efficiency,where particles are clustered based on the number of neighboring particles in their individual spheres of influence.We establish parallels with lattice-based percolation theory,as evident in the power-law scaling of the cluster size distribution near the percolation threshold.The degree of discontinuity of the phase transition associated with this percolation threshold is observed to broaden with larger Stokes numbers and thereby large-scale clustering.The sensitivity of our findings to the employed clustering algorithm is discussed.A novel cluster tracking algorithm is deployed to determine the interscale transfer rate along the particle-number phase-space dimension via accounting of cluster breakup and merger events,extending previous work on the bubble breakup cascade beneath surface breaking waves.Our findings shed light on the interaction between particle clusters and their carrier turbulent flows,with an eye toward transport models incorporating cluster characteristics and dynamics.展开更多
Nanozymes,a promising class of enzyme mimics based on nanostructures,have attracted considerable research interest.However,in sharp contrast to the structural precision of natural enzymes,most nanozymes are poorly def...Nanozymes,a promising class of enzyme mimics based on nanostructures,have attracted considerable research interest.However,in sharp contrast to the structural precision of natural enzymes,most nanozymes are poorly defined structurally.The absence of nanozyme systems that mimic natural isoenzymes-which catalyze similar reactions despite slight differences in their chemical structures-has particularly hindered the understanding of their structure-performance relationships.Such nanozyme analogues,termed iso-nanozymes,remain largely unexplored.Here,we report the first pair of iso-nanozymes.Two analogous copper nanoclusters-[Cu_(32)(SC_(2)H_(5))_(16)(PPh_(3))_(8)Cl_(9)]^(+) (Cu_(32))and[Cu_(30)(SC_(2)H_(5))_(16)(PPh_(3))_(6)Cl_(9)]^(+) (Cu_(30))-were synthesized and structurally characterized.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that Cu_(30) possesses an identical metal framework and ligand types as Cu_(32),with a comparable ligand distribution.The only structural difference is the absence of two PPh_(3)Cu^(+) units in Cu_(30),which results in a substantial enhancement of its catalytic performance in the horseradish peroxidase-mimicking reaction.Under identical conditions,the specific activity(SA)of the Cu_(30) nanozyme is approximately 6.5 times higher than that of Cu_(32).Density functional theory calculations indicate that the notable difference in the SA between the two cluster nanozymes is attributed to variations in adsorption energies,which stem from their different geometric and electronic structures.This study not only introduces the novel concept of iso-nanozymes using atomically precise metal nanoclusters,but also establishes a model system for investigating the critical influence of nanozyme structure,down to the atomic level,on catalytic efficiency.These findings are anticipated to inspire further research interest in atomically precise metal nanoclusters within the nanozyme community.展开更多
We study Onsager vortex clustered states in a shell-shaped superfluid containing a large number of quantum vortices.In the incompressible limit and at low temperatures,the relevant problem can be boiled down to the st...We study Onsager vortex clustered states in a shell-shaped superfluid containing a large number of quantum vortices.In the incompressible limit and at low temperatures,the relevant problem can be boiled down to the statistical mechanics of neutral point vortices confined on a sphere.We analyze rotation-free vortex-clustered states within the mean-field theory in the microcanonical ensemble.We find that the sandwich state,which involves the separating of vortices with opposite circulation and the clustering of vortices with the same circulation around the poles and the equator,is the maximum entropy vortex distribution,subject to a zero angular momentum constraint.The dipole moment vanishes for the sandwich state and the quadrupole tensor serves as an order parameter to characterize the vortex cluster structure.For a given finite angular momentum,the equilibrium vortex distribution forms a dipole structure,i.e.,vortices with opposite sign are separated and accumulate around the south and north poles,respectively.The conditions for the onset of clustering and the exponents associated with the quadrupole moment and the dipole moment as functions of energy are obtained within the mean field theory.At large energies,we obtain asymptotically exact vortex density distributions using the stereographic projection method,yielding the parameter bounds for the vortex clustered states.The analytical predictions are in excellent agreement with microcanonical Monte Carlo simulations.展开更多
Bottom-up and top-down endogenous automobile clusters exhibit distinct evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms,yet their comparative analysis remains understudied.Therefore,using Taizhou automobile industry cluster...Bottom-up and top-down endogenous automobile clusters exhibit distinct evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms,yet their comparative analysis remains understudied.Therefore,using Taizhou automobile industry cluster(TAIC)and Wuhu automobile industry cluster(WAIC)as cases,using historical statistical data and field interview data from the 1980s to 2023,combined with qualitative research methods of thematic and diachronic analysis,and quantitative research methods of social network analysis,we compare both endogenous automobile clusters’evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms.The results confirm both clusters undergo multi-scale spatial reconfiguration,organizational complexification,and intelligent networking technological transformation,yet diverge fundamentally:TAIC evolves through market-driven progressive expansion,transitioning from single to dual-core structures via private enterprise networking,with innovation following market-integrated logic and institutional thickness built on demand-driven evolution.Conversely,WAIC follows planned expansion,maintaining state-led hierarchical single-core stability through policy-driven breakthrough innovation and supply-dominated institutional construction-though both ultimately require formal-informal system synergy.Their coevolution is driven by dynamic interactions of path dependence(weakening influence),learning-innovation(strengthening influence),and relationship selection(inverted U-shaped trajectory),with divergent development paths rooted in TAIC’s grassroots self-organization genes versus WAIC’s top-level design genes,amplified by core enterprises’strategic disparities.The research findings can not only provide decision-making support for China’s industrial upgrading,but also contribute China’s insights to global economic governance.展开更多
Villager Pan Chunlin is witnessing a boom in his homestay business.More and more visitors are coming to his village,Yucun Village in Anji County,Huzhou City,Zhejiang Province.
Based on the conventional observation data,daily reanalysis data from NCAR/NCEP,and TBB data derived from FY-2G infrared cloud images in April 2018,a heavy snowfall weather process in central Inner Mongolia from April...Based on the conventional observation data,daily reanalysis data from NCAR/NCEP,and TBB data derived from FY-2G infrared cloud images in April 2018,a heavy snowfall weather process in central Inner Mongolia from April 4 to 6 in 2018 was analyzed.The results show that the low trough at 500 hPa,the southerly wind jet stream at 700 hPa,and the inverted trough on the ground were the main influencing systems causing this blizzard.The transportation of warm and humid air by the southerly wind jet stream at 700 hPa and intense water vapor convergence provided sufficient water vapor conditions for the blizzard,and the moist layer in the blizzard area was deep.The low-level MPV in the blizzard area was<0,and the atmosphere was in a conditional symmetric instability state.The coupling of the upper and lower-level jets induced strong ascending motion.With the invasion of cold air,a low-level cold pad was formed,so that the warm and humid air tilted upward.The secondary circulation updraft triggered by the wet Q vector system released the conditional symmetric instability energy,so that the sloping motion was more intense,and the heavy snowfall appeared.Meanwhile,there was a good correspondence relationship between the blizzard area and the large-value area of low-level wet Q vector divergence.The mesoscale cloud clusters continuously generating,merging,and moving eastward in Hetao area were the direct cause of this blizzard,and the TBB of the cloud clusters was≤-56℃.The blizzard happened in the the edge gradient and large-value area of TBB.展开更多
Introduction:Chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal symptom clusters in breast cancer impair quality of life and treatment adherence,yet lack effective interventions.While acupuncture mitigates isolated chemotherapy-in...Introduction:Chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal symptom clusters in breast cancer impair quality of life and treatment adherence,yet lack effective interventions.While acupuncture mitigates isolated chemotherapy-induced symptoms,its mechanisms for multi-symptom clusters remain unclear.This study evaluates electroacupuncture's efficacy and explores its biological mechanisms in managing these clusters.Methods:This prospective,multicenter,block-randomized,double-blind,sham-controlled trial will enroll 388 patients with breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy,to be randomly assigned(1:1)to electroacupuncture or sham electro-acupuncture groups.Both groups will receive the standard quadruple antiemetic regimen combined with electroacupuncture or sham intervention.The primary endpoint is the incidence of chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal symptom clusters within 120 h after chemotherapy.Secondary endpoints include improvement in gastrointestinal symptom clusters post-first chemotherapy cycle,nausea-free rates during acute and delayed phases,vomiting-free rates during overall,acute,and delayed phases,complete response rate,complete protection rate,and quality of life.Adverse events will be documented throughout the study.Discussion:This study will assess the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture in alleviating chemotherapy-induced gastro-intestinal symptom clusters in patients with breast cancer.By integrating multi-omics analyses,we aim to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects.The findings may offer a robust clinical foundation for optimizing symptom cluster management in cancer care.Trial Registration:Clinical Trials ID:NCT06952920.Date of registration:April 16,2025.Prospectively registered.URL of Trial Registry Record:https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06952920cond=NCT06952920&rank=1.展开更多
In the Tianshan region,a complete textile industry chain has been established,covering the entire process from cotton cultivation and chemical fiber production,through spinning,weaving,dyeing,and finishing,and further...In the Tianshan region,a complete textile industry chain has been established,covering the entire process from cotton cultivation and chemical fiber production,through spinning,weaving,dyeing,and finishing,and further extending to apparel,home textiles,and industrial textiles.In November 2025,the first list of five characteristic textile and apparel industry clusters in Xinjiang was officially announced,marking a new stage in the clustering of Xinjiang's textile and apparel industry.Data shows that the total output value of Xinjiang's cotton and textile and apparel industry chain has exceeded 220 billion yuan.With the nation's largest cotton production,a complete industrial chain system,and strong synergistic effects,Xinjiang has become a leading and highly competitive textile industry hub in China.展开更多
The exploration of solvent-driven reversible structural transformation in clusters is crucial for advanced stimulus-responsive optical applications and understanding of structure-property relationships.Herein,we repor...The exploration of solvent-driven reversible structural transformation in clusters is crucial for advanced stimulus-responsive optical applications and understanding of structure-property relationships.Herein,we report a solvent-driven reversible trans-formation between two copper(I)clusters:[Cu(totp)(CH_(3)CN)_(3)][Cu_(2)I_(3)(totp)(DPPPy)]·CH_(3)CN 1 and Cu_(4)I_(4)(DPPPy)_(2)·0.5CH_(2)Cl_(2)2(totp=tri-o-tolylphosphine,DPPPy=2-[diphenylphosphino]pyridine).X-ray radioluminescence and encryption applications were studied based on structure-dependent photophysical properties difference.The noncovalent interaction-mediated space charge transition between isolated ion units of 1 enables more efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence by reverse intersystem crossing,accounting for structure-dependent luminescence.Notably,compared to 2,1 exhibits a higher scintillation light yield of 14832 photons MeV^(-1),exceeding that of the commercial scintillator Bi_(4)Ge_(3)O_(12)(8000 photons MeV^(-1)),and a low X-ray detection limit of 22.49 nGy s^(-1),far below the typical diagnostic dose(5.5μGy s^(-1)).Furthermore,scintillating film fabricated by 1 achieves X-ray imaging with a high spatial resolution of 16 lp/mm.The reversible structural interconversion enables solvent-responsive luminescent switches,and thus,the dynamic encryption system capable of multistage decryption was developed.This work not only offers new insight into solvent-regulated clusters transformations but also provides a promising strategy for developing high-performance copper(I)clusters-based scintillators and stimulus-responsive optical devices.展开更多
Objectives To identify core symptoms and symptom clusters in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD)by network analysis.Methods From October 10 to 30,2023,140 patients with NMOSD were selected to p...Objectives To identify core symptoms and symptom clusters in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD)by network analysis.Methods From October 10 to 30,2023,140 patients with NMOSD were selected to participate in this online questionnaire survey.The survey tools included a general information questionnaire and a self-made NMOSD symptoms scale,which included the prevalence,severity,and distress of 29 symptoms.Cluster analysis was used to identify symptom clusters,and network analysis was used to analyze the symptom network and node characteristics and central indicators including strength centrality(r_(s)),closeness centrality(r_(c))and betweeness centrality(r_(b))were used to identify core symptoms and symptom clusters.Results The most common symptom was pain(65.7%),followed by paraesthesia(65.0%),fatigue(65.0%),easy awakening(63.6%).Regarding the burden level of symptoms,pain was the most burdensome symptom,followed by paraesthesia,easy awakening,fatigue,and difficulty falling asleep.Six clusters were identified:somatosensory,motor,visual,and memory symptom clusters,bladder and rectum symptom clusters,sleep symptoms clusters,and neuropsychological symptom clusters.Fatigue(r_(s)=12.39,r_(b)=68.00,r_(c)=0.02)was the most central and prominent bridge symptom,and motor symptom cluster(r_(s)=2.68,r_(c)=0.10)was the most central symptom cluster among the six clusters.Conclusions Our study demonstrated the necessity of symptom management targeting fatigue,pain,and motor symptom cluster in patients with NMOSD.展开更多
To fulfill the training requirements for the daily operations of multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)clusters,a UAV cluster collaborative task integrated simulation platform(UAV-TISP)was developed.The platform in...To fulfill the training requirements for the daily operations of multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)clusters,a UAV cluster collaborative task integrated simulation platform(UAV-TISP)was developed.The platform integrates a suite of hardware and software to simulate a range of collaborative UAV cluster operation scenarios.It features modules for collaborative task planning,UAV cluster simulations,and tactical monitoring.The platform significantly reduces training costs by eliminating physical drone dependencies while offering a flexible environment for testing swarm algorithms.UAV-TISP supports both individual UAV and swarm operations,incorporating high-fidelity flight dynamics,real-time communication via user datagram protocol(UDP),and collision avoidance strategies.Utilizing the OSGEarth engine,it enables dynamic 3D environment visualization and scenario customization.Three key task scenarios-route flight,formation reconstruction,and formation transformation-were tested to validate the platform’s efficacy.Results demonstrated robust formation maintenance,adaptive collision avoidance,and seamless task execution.Comparative analysis with Gazebo Sim revealed lower trajectory deviations in UAV-TISP,highlighting its superior accuracy in simulating real-world flight dynamics.Future work will focus on enhancing scalability for diverse UAV models,optimizing swarm networking under communication constraints,and expanding mission scenarios.UAV-TISP serves as a versatile tool for both operational training and advanced algorithm development in UAV cluster applications.展开更多
An aluminoborate,Na_(2.5)Rb[Al{B_(5)O_(10)}{B_(3)O_(5)}]·0.5NO_(3)·H_(2)O(1),was synthesized under hydrothermal condition,which was built by mixed oxoboron clusters and AlO_(4)tetrahedra.In the structure,the...An aluminoborate,Na_(2.5)Rb[Al{B_(5)O_(10)}{B_(3)O_(5)}]·0.5NO_(3)·H_(2)O(1),was synthesized under hydrothermal condition,which was built by mixed oxoboron clusters and AlO_(4)tetrahedra.In the structure,the[B_(5)O_(10)]^(5-)and[B_(3)O_(7)]^(5-)clusters are alternately connected to form 1D[B_(8)O_(15)]_(n)^(6n-)chains,which are further linked by AlO_(4)units to form a 2D monolayer with 7‑membered ring and 10‑membered ring windows.Two adjacent monolayers with opposite orientations further form a porous‑layered structure with six channels through B—O—Al bonds.Compound 1 was characterized by single crystal X‑ray diffraction,powder X‑ray diffraction(PXRD),IR spectroscopy,UV‑Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy,and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),respectively.UV‑Vis diffuse reflectance analysis indicates that compound 1 shows a wide transparency range with a short cutoff edge of 201 nm,suggesting it may have potential application in UV regions.CCDC:2383923.展开更多
Ultrafine,highly dispersed Pt clusters were immobilized onto the Co nanoparticle surfaces by one-step pyrolysis of the precursor Pt(Ⅱ)-encapsulating Co-MOF-74.Owing to the small size effects of Pt clusters as well as...Ultrafine,highly dispersed Pt clusters were immobilized onto the Co nanoparticle surfaces by one-step pyrolysis of the precursor Pt(Ⅱ)-encapsulating Co-MOF-74.Owing to the small size effects of Pt clusters as well as the strongly enhanced synergistic interactions between Pt and Co atoms,the obtained Pt-on-Co/C400 catalysts exhib-ited excellent catalytic activity toward the hydrolysis of ammonia borane with an extremely high turnover frequency(TOF)value of 3022 min^(-1)at 303 K.Durability test indicated that the obtained Pt-on-Co/C400 catalysts possessed high catalytic stability,and there were no changes in the catalyst structures and catalytic activities after 10 cycles.展开更多
Organic-inorganic hybrid clusters with strong X-ray radioluminescence have exhibited great potential in scintillator field.However,fabricating the X-ray imaging screens of the clusters without sacrificing the scintill...Organic-inorganic hybrid clusters with strong X-ray radioluminescence have exhibited great potential in scintillator field.However,fabricating the X-ray imaging screens of the clusters without sacrificing the scintillation performance is challenging.Herein,we report an effective way to prepare high-quality scintillation films of two synthesized Cu(Ⅰ)clusters through vacuum evaporation deposition.The developed Cu(Ⅰ)clusters with rigid molecular structures show excellent scintillation performance with a high light yield of up to 19356.7 photons/MeV and a low detection limit of 158 nGy/s.The scintillation film based on the Cu(Ⅰ)clusters made by vacuum evaporation deposition is highly uniform with a small surface roughness value of 1.04 nm,which can be applied to X-ray imaging for various objects.These results not only provide important guidance to develop high-performance organic-inorganic hybrid scintillators,but also pave a straightforward way to prepare non-doped scintillation screens for remarkable X-ray imaging applications.展开更多
In modern distributed systems and cloud computing architectures,high availability and high scalability are core requirements to ensure the continuous and stable operation of services.As key technologies for achieving ...In modern distributed systems and cloud computing architectures,high availability and high scalability are core requirements to ensure the continuous and stable operation of services.As key technologies for achieving these two goals,high-availability clusters and load-balancing clusters have significant differences in their design concepts and application scenarios,while also maintaining close connections.This paper aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the core objectives,working principles,technical advantages and disadvantages,and typical application cases of high-availability clusters and load-balancing clusters.By introducing an analogical model of a“restaurant kitchen,”the differences between the two are intuitively explained,and their technical characteristics are compared in detail.Additionally,a detailed practical case is included to specifically demonstrate the collaborative work of high-availability and load-balancing technologies through the construction process of Keepalived and HAProxy.Finally,taking the architecture of a typical e-commerce website as an example,this paper demonstrates the best practice of organically combining the two cluster technologies in a production environment to build a robust and high-performance distributed system.Research shows that understanding the differences between the two and implementing collaborative deployment is the cornerstone of designing modern IT infrastructure.展开更多
Attributed graph clustering plays a vital role in uncovering hidden network structures,but it presents significant challenges.In recent years,various models have been proposed to identify meaningful clusters by integr...Attributed graph clustering plays a vital role in uncovering hidden network structures,but it presents significant challenges.In recent years,various models have been proposed to identify meaningful clusters by integrating both structural and attribute-based information.However,these models often emphasize node proximities without adequately balancing the efficiency of clustering based on both structural and attribute data.Furthermore,they tend to neglect the critical fuzzy information inherent in attributed graph clusters.To address these issues,we introduce a new framework,Markov lumpability optimization,for efficient clustering of large-scale attributed graphs.Specifically,we define a lumped Markov chain on an attribute-augmented graph and introduce a new metric,Markov lumpability,to quantify the differences between the original and lumped Markov transition probability matrices.To minimize this measure,we propose a conjugate gradient projectionbased approach that ensures the partitioning closely aligns with the intrinsic structure of fuzzy clusters through conditional optimization.Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed framework compared to existing clustering algorithms.This framework has many potential applications,including dynamic community analysis of social networks,user profiling in recommendation systems,functional module identification in biological molecular networks,and financial risk control,offering a new paradigm for mining complex patterns in high-dimensional attributed graph data.展开更多
Chiral metal-organic clusters(MOCs)integrating lanthanide ions(Ln^(3+))and organic luminophores present a promising platform for modulating circularly polarized luminescence(CPL).However,achieving dual-wavelength CPL ...Chiral metal-organic clusters(MOCs)integrating lanthanide ions(Ln^(3+))and organic luminophores present a promising platform for modulating circularly polarized luminescence(CPL).However,achieving dual-wavelength CPL in discrete cluster systems constitutes a considerable challenge.Herein,two enantiomeric pairs of heterometallic EuSn oxo clusters,designated as Sn_(2)EuL_(2)-R/S and Sn_(2)EuL_(4)-R/S,were strategically synthesized using axially chiral binaphthol-phosphonate ligands.These hybrid clusters exhibit dual emission,characterized by a broad ligand-derived fluorescence band superimposed with sharp,characteristic Eu^(3+)f-f transitions,which enables excitation-dependent luminescence color tuning.Their emission profiles and quantum yields are found to be exquisitely adjusted by the distinct coordination environments of Sn^(4+)centers.Notably,Sn_(2)EuL_(2)-R/S demonstrates CPL activity in both near-UV(|g_(lum)|=1.7×10^(-3))and visible(|g_(lum)|=3.1×10^(-2))regions.This work not only reports the first instance of dual-wavelength CPL in a lanthanide/tin oxo complex but also establishes a robust design strategy for fabricating color-tunable chiral photonic materials.展开更多
Accurate description of noncova-lent interactions in large systems is challenging due to the require-ment of high-level electron corre-lation methods.The generalized energy-based fragmentation(GEBF)approach,in conjunc...Accurate description of noncova-lent interactions in large systems is challenging due to the require-ment of high-level electron corre-lation methods.The generalized energy-based fragmentation(GEBF)approach,in conjunc-tion with the domain-based local pair natural orbital(DLPNO)method,has been applied to assess the average binding energies(ABEs)of large benzene clus-ters,specifically(C6H6)13,at the coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples correction[CCSD(T)]level and the complete basis set(CBS)limit.Utilizing GEBF-DLPNO-CCSD(T)/CBS ABEs as benchmarks,various DFT functionals were evaluated.It was found that several functionals with empirical dispersion correction,including M06-2X-D3,B3LYP-D3(BJ),and PBE-D3(BJ),provide accurate descriptions of the ABEs for(C6H6)13 clusters.Additionally,the M06-2X-D3 functional was used to calculate the ABEs and relative stabili-ties of(C6H6)n clusters for n=11,12,13,14,and 15 revealing that the(C6H6)13 cluster ex-hibits the highest relative stability.These findings align with experimental evidence suggest-ing that n=13 is one of the magic numbers for benzene clusters(C6H6)n,with n≤30.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of HIV pretreatment drug resistance(PDR)and the transmission clusters associated with PDR-related mutations in newly diagnosed,treatmentnaive patients between 2...Objective This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of HIV pretreatment drug resistance(PDR)and the transmission clusters associated with PDR-related mutations in newly diagnosed,treatmentnaive patients between 2020 and 2023 in Dehong prefecture,Yunnan province,China.Methods Demographic information and plasma samples were collected from study participants.PDR was assessed using the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database.The Tamura-Nei 93 model within HIVTRACE was employed to compute pairwise matches with a genetic distance of 0.015 substitutions per site.Results Among 948 treatment-naive individuals with eligible sequences,36 HIV subtypes were identified,with unique recombinant forms(URFs)being the most prevalent(18.8%,178/948).The overall prevalence of PDR was 12.4%(118/948),and resistance to non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NNRTIs),nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NRTIs),and protease inhibitors(PIs)was10.7%,1.3%,and 1.6%,respectively.A total of 91 clusters were identified,among which eight showed evidence of PDR strain transmission.The largest PDR-associated cluster consisted of six CRF01_AE drugresistant strains carrying K103N and V179T mutations;five of these individuals had initial CD4^(+)cell counts<200 cells/μL.Conclusion The distribution of HIV subtypes in Dehong is diverse and complex.PDR was moderately prevalent(12.4%)between 2020 and 2023.Evidence of transmission of CRF01_AE strains carrying K103N and V179T mutations was found.Routine surveillance of PDR and the strengthening of control measures are essential to limit the spread of drug-resistance HIV strains.展开更多
Traditional TiO_(2)gas sensing materials face limitations such as difficult energy band adjustment and high operating temperatures.Titanium-oxo clusters(TOCs),molecular analogs of TiO_(2),have shown promise in various...Traditional TiO_(2)gas sensing materials face limitations such as difficult energy band adjustment and high operating temperatures.Titanium-oxo clusters(TOCs),molecular analogs of TiO_(2),have shown promise in various applications but remain underexplored in practical applications of gas sensors.This study synthesized two classical TOCs,Ti_(4)O_(2)(O^(i)Pr)_(10)(1-Nap)_(2)(Ti_(4))and[Ti_(8)O_(8)(OMc)_(16)]·2CH_(3)CN(Ti_(8)),via solvothermal methods and evaluated their performances in detecting triethylamine(TEA)gas in the air for the first time.The Ti_(4)and Ti_(8)sensors exhibited high response values of 7.80 and 5.47,respectively,to 100 ppm TEA at optimal operating temperatures of 80 and 50℃,with excellent selectivity.Response/recovery times were 25/91 s for Ti_(4)and 137/230 s for Tig.Both sensors demonstrated good repeatability and long-term stability.The Ti8 sensor,with its lower operating temperature and superior linear fitting,was used to monitor carp fish freshness,showcasing its practical application potential.Finally,the sensing mechanism is analyzed.This study pioneers the use of TOCs for TEA detection and food freshness monitoring,offering new avenues for chemiresistive gas sensors.展开更多
文摘Noncohesive particle clusters are identified and tracked in turbulent flows to determine the breakdown and time evolution of cluster statistics and their implications for interscale mass transfer,which has connections to the classical turbulent energy cascade and its mass cascade counterpart running in parallel.In particular,the formation and dynamics of sediment and larvae clusters are of interest to coral larvae settlement in coastal regions and particularly the resilience of green-gray coastal protection solutions.Analogous cluster behavior is relevant to cloud microphysics and precipitation initiation,radiation transport and light transmission through colloids and suspensions,heat and mass transfer in particle-laden flows,and viral and pollutant transmission.Following a comparison between various clustering techniques,we adopt a density-based cluster identification algorithm based on its simplicity and efficiency,where particles are clustered based on the number of neighboring particles in their individual spheres of influence.We establish parallels with lattice-based percolation theory,as evident in the power-law scaling of the cluster size distribution near the percolation threshold.The degree of discontinuity of the phase transition associated with this percolation threshold is observed to broaden with larger Stokes numbers and thereby large-scale clustering.The sensitivity of our findings to the employed clustering algorithm is discussed.A novel cluster tracking algorithm is deployed to determine the interscale transfer rate along the particle-number phase-space dimension via accounting of cluster breakup and merger events,extending previous work on the bubble breakup cascade beneath surface breaking waves.Our findings shed light on the interaction between particle clusters and their carrier turbulent flows,with an eye toward transport models incorporating cluster characteristics and dynamics.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB3507100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22301149 and 22571172)+9 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(2025JQ026)Program for Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(NJYT23035)Start-Up Funding of Inner Mongolia University(10000-23112101/043 and 23600-5233710)S.Li acknowledges the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22565021)Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(2025QN02068)Start-Up Funding of Inner Mongolia University(10000-A24202027)N.F.Zheng acknowledges the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number:92261207)NSFC Center for Single-Atom Catalysis under Grant Number 22388102)the New Cornerstone Science Foundation.We acknowledge the financial support from JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project(JPMJER2003)ARC Australian Laureate Fellowship(FL230100095).
文摘Nanozymes,a promising class of enzyme mimics based on nanostructures,have attracted considerable research interest.However,in sharp contrast to the structural precision of natural enzymes,most nanozymes are poorly defined structurally.The absence of nanozyme systems that mimic natural isoenzymes-which catalyze similar reactions despite slight differences in their chemical structures-has particularly hindered the understanding of their structure-performance relationships.Such nanozyme analogues,termed iso-nanozymes,remain largely unexplored.Here,we report the first pair of iso-nanozymes.Two analogous copper nanoclusters-[Cu_(32)(SC_(2)H_(5))_(16)(PPh_(3))_(8)Cl_(9)]^(+) (Cu_(32))and[Cu_(30)(SC_(2)H_(5))_(16)(PPh_(3))_(6)Cl_(9)]^(+) (Cu_(30))-were synthesized and structurally characterized.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that Cu_(30) possesses an identical metal framework and ligand types as Cu_(32),with a comparable ligand distribution.The only structural difference is the absence of two PPh_(3)Cu^(+) units in Cu_(30),which results in a substantial enhancement of its catalytic performance in the horseradish peroxidase-mimicking reaction.Under identical conditions,the specific activity(SA)of the Cu_(30) nanozyme is approximately 6.5 times higher than that of Cu_(32).Density functional theory calculations indicate that the notable difference in the SA between the two cluster nanozymes is attributed to variations in adsorption energies,which stem from their different geometric and electronic structures.This study not only introduces the novel concept of iso-nanozymes using atomically precise metal nanoclusters,but also establishes a model system for investigating the critical influence of nanozyme structure,down to the atomic level,on catalytic efficiency.These findings are anticipated to inspire further research interest in atomically precise metal nanoclusters within the nanozyme community.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12175215,Grant No.12475041)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA 1405300)NSAF(Grant No.U2330401)。
文摘We study Onsager vortex clustered states in a shell-shaped superfluid containing a large number of quantum vortices.In the incompressible limit and at low temperatures,the relevant problem can be boiled down to the statistical mechanics of neutral point vortices confined on a sphere.We analyze rotation-free vortex-clustered states within the mean-field theory in the microcanonical ensemble.We find that the sandwich state,which involves the separating of vortices with opposite circulation and the clustering of vortices with the same circulation around the poles and the equator,is the maximum entropy vortex distribution,subject to a zero angular momentum constraint.The dipole moment vanishes for the sandwich state and the quadrupole tensor serves as an order parameter to characterize the vortex cluster structure.For a given finite angular momentum,the equilibrium vortex distribution forms a dipole structure,i.e.,vortices with opposite sign are separated and accumulate around the south and north poles,respectively.The conditions for the onset of clustering and the exponents associated with the quadrupole moment and the dipole moment as functions of energy are obtained within the mean field theory.At large energies,we obtain asymptotically exact vortex density distributions using the stereographic projection method,yielding the parameter bounds for the vortex clustered states.The analytical predictions are in excellent agreement with microcanonical Monte Carlo simulations.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42571219)Key Project of Zhejiang Province Soft Science Research Plan(No.2023C25014)。
文摘Bottom-up and top-down endogenous automobile clusters exhibit distinct evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms,yet their comparative analysis remains understudied.Therefore,using Taizhou automobile industry cluster(TAIC)and Wuhu automobile industry cluster(WAIC)as cases,using historical statistical data and field interview data from the 1980s to 2023,combined with qualitative research methods of thematic and diachronic analysis,and quantitative research methods of social network analysis,we compare both endogenous automobile clusters’evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms.The results confirm both clusters undergo multi-scale spatial reconfiguration,organizational complexification,and intelligent networking technological transformation,yet diverge fundamentally:TAIC evolves through market-driven progressive expansion,transitioning from single to dual-core structures via private enterprise networking,with innovation following market-integrated logic and institutional thickness built on demand-driven evolution.Conversely,WAIC follows planned expansion,maintaining state-led hierarchical single-core stability through policy-driven breakthrough innovation and supply-dominated institutional construction-though both ultimately require formal-informal system synergy.Their coevolution is driven by dynamic interactions of path dependence(weakening influence),learning-innovation(strengthening influence),and relationship selection(inverted U-shaped trajectory),with divergent development paths rooted in TAIC’s grassroots self-organization genes versus WAIC’s top-level design genes,amplified by core enterprises’strategic disparities.The research findings can not only provide decision-making support for China’s industrial upgrading,but also contribute China’s insights to global economic governance.
文摘Villager Pan Chunlin is witnessing a boom in his homestay business.More and more visitors are coming to his village,Yucun Village in Anji County,Huzhou City,Zhejiang Province.
基金Supported by the Meteorological Science and Technology Innovation Project of North China(HBXM202415)Research Project of the Meteorological Bureau of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(nmqxkjcx202311).
文摘Based on the conventional observation data,daily reanalysis data from NCAR/NCEP,and TBB data derived from FY-2G infrared cloud images in April 2018,a heavy snowfall weather process in central Inner Mongolia from April 4 to 6 in 2018 was analyzed.The results show that the low trough at 500 hPa,the southerly wind jet stream at 700 hPa,and the inverted trough on the ground were the main influencing systems causing this blizzard.The transportation of warm and humid air by the southerly wind jet stream at 700 hPa and intense water vapor convergence provided sufficient water vapor conditions for the blizzard,and the moist layer in the blizzard area was deep.The low-level MPV in the blizzard area was<0,and the atmosphere was in a conditional symmetric instability state.The coupling of the upper and lower-level jets induced strong ascending motion.With the invasion of cold air,a low-level cold pad was formed,so that the warm and humid air tilted upward.The secondary circulation updraft triggered by the wet Q vector system released the conditional symmetric instability energy,so that the sloping motion was more intense,and the heavy snowfall appeared.Meanwhile,there was a good correspondence relationship between the blizzard area and the large-value area of low-level wet Q vector divergence.The mesoscale cloud clusters continuously generating,merging,and moving eastward in Hetao area were the direct cause of this blizzard,and the TBB of the cloud clusters was≤-56℃.The blizzard happened in the the edge gradient and large-value area of TBB.
基金Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project,Grant/Award Numbers:2024ZD0521400,2024ZD0521404Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University。
文摘Introduction:Chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal symptom clusters in breast cancer impair quality of life and treatment adherence,yet lack effective interventions.While acupuncture mitigates isolated chemotherapy-induced symptoms,its mechanisms for multi-symptom clusters remain unclear.This study evaluates electroacupuncture's efficacy and explores its biological mechanisms in managing these clusters.Methods:This prospective,multicenter,block-randomized,double-blind,sham-controlled trial will enroll 388 patients with breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy,to be randomly assigned(1:1)to electroacupuncture or sham electro-acupuncture groups.Both groups will receive the standard quadruple antiemetic regimen combined with electroacupuncture or sham intervention.The primary endpoint is the incidence of chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal symptom clusters within 120 h after chemotherapy.Secondary endpoints include improvement in gastrointestinal symptom clusters post-first chemotherapy cycle,nausea-free rates during acute and delayed phases,vomiting-free rates during overall,acute,and delayed phases,complete response rate,complete protection rate,and quality of life.Adverse events will be documented throughout the study.Discussion:This study will assess the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture in alleviating chemotherapy-induced gastro-intestinal symptom clusters in patients with breast cancer.By integrating multi-omics analyses,we aim to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects.The findings may offer a robust clinical foundation for optimizing symptom cluster management in cancer care.Trial Registration:Clinical Trials ID:NCT06952920.Date of registration:April 16,2025.Prospectively registered.URL of Trial Registry Record:https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06952920cond=NCT06952920&rank=1.
文摘In the Tianshan region,a complete textile industry chain has been established,covering the entire process from cotton cultivation and chemical fiber production,through spinning,weaving,dyeing,and finishing,and further extending to apparel,home textiles,and industrial textiles.In November 2025,the first list of five characteristic textile and apparel industry clusters in Xinjiang was officially announced,marking a new stage in the clustering of Xinjiang's textile and apparel industry.Data shows that the total output value of Xinjiang's cotton and textile and apparel industry chain has exceeded 220 billion yuan.With the nation's largest cotton production,a complete industrial chain system,and strong synergistic effects,Xinjiang has become a leading and highly competitive textile industry hub in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21971240 and 22271283)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2025QC1361)。
文摘The exploration of solvent-driven reversible structural transformation in clusters is crucial for advanced stimulus-responsive optical applications and understanding of structure-property relationships.Herein,we report a solvent-driven reversible trans-formation between two copper(I)clusters:[Cu(totp)(CH_(3)CN)_(3)][Cu_(2)I_(3)(totp)(DPPPy)]·CH_(3)CN 1 and Cu_(4)I_(4)(DPPPy)_(2)·0.5CH_(2)Cl_(2)2(totp=tri-o-tolylphosphine,DPPPy=2-[diphenylphosphino]pyridine).X-ray radioluminescence and encryption applications were studied based on structure-dependent photophysical properties difference.The noncovalent interaction-mediated space charge transition between isolated ion units of 1 enables more efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence by reverse intersystem crossing,accounting for structure-dependent luminescence.Notably,compared to 2,1 exhibits a higher scintillation light yield of 14832 photons MeV^(-1),exceeding that of the commercial scintillator Bi_(4)Ge_(3)O_(12)(8000 photons MeV^(-1)),and a low X-ray detection limit of 22.49 nGy s^(-1),far below the typical diagnostic dose(5.5μGy s^(-1)).Furthermore,scintillating film fabricated by 1 achieves X-ray imaging with a high spatial resolution of 16 lp/mm.The reversible structural interconversion enables solvent-responsive luminescent switches,and thus,the dynamic encryption system capable of multistage decryption was developed.This work not only offers new insight into solvent-regulated clusters transformations but also provides a promising strategy for developing high-performance copper(I)clusters-based scintillators and stimulus-responsive optical devices.
基金supported by the Specific Research Fund for Top-notch Talents of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine(No.2022KT1188).
文摘Objectives To identify core symptoms and symptom clusters in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD)by network analysis.Methods From October 10 to 30,2023,140 patients with NMOSD were selected to participate in this online questionnaire survey.The survey tools included a general information questionnaire and a self-made NMOSD symptoms scale,which included the prevalence,severity,and distress of 29 symptoms.Cluster analysis was used to identify symptom clusters,and network analysis was used to analyze the symptom network and node characteristics and central indicators including strength centrality(r_(s)),closeness centrality(r_(c))and betweeness centrality(r_(b))were used to identify core symptoms and symptom clusters.Results The most common symptom was pain(65.7%),followed by paraesthesia(65.0%),fatigue(65.0%),easy awakening(63.6%).Regarding the burden level of symptoms,pain was the most burdensome symptom,followed by paraesthesia,easy awakening,fatigue,and difficulty falling asleep.Six clusters were identified:somatosensory,motor,visual,and memory symptom clusters,bladder and rectum symptom clusters,sleep symptoms clusters,and neuropsychological symptom clusters.Fatigue(r_(s)=12.39,r_(b)=68.00,r_(c)=0.02)was the most central and prominent bridge symptom,and motor symptom cluster(r_(s)=2.68,r_(c)=0.10)was the most central symptom cluster among the six clusters.Conclusions Our study demonstrated the necessity of symptom management targeting fatigue,pain,and motor symptom cluster in patients with NMOSD.
文摘To fulfill the training requirements for the daily operations of multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)clusters,a UAV cluster collaborative task integrated simulation platform(UAV-TISP)was developed.The platform integrates a suite of hardware and software to simulate a range of collaborative UAV cluster operation scenarios.It features modules for collaborative task planning,UAV cluster simulations,and tactical monitoring.The platform significantly reduces training costs by eliminating physical drone dependencies while offering a flexible environment for testing swarm algorithms.UAV-TISP supports both individual UAV and swarm operations,incorporating high-fidelity flight dynamics,real-time communication via user datagram protocol(UDP),and collision avoidance strategies.Utilizing the OSGEarth engine,it enables dynamic 3D environment visualization and scenario customization.Three key task scenarios-route flight,formation reconstruction,and formation transformation-were tested to validate the platform’s efficacy.Results demonstrated robust formation maintenance,adaptive collision avoidance,and seamless task execution.Comparative analysis with Gazebo Sim revealed lower trajectory deviations in UAV-TISP,highlighting its superior accuracy in simulating real-world flight dynamics.Future work will focus on enhancing scalability for diverse UAV models,optimizing swarm networking under communication constraints,and expanding mission scenarios.UAV-TISP serves as a versatile tool for both operational training and advanced algorithm development in UAV cluster applications.
文摘An aluminoborate,Na_(2.5)Rb[Al{B_(5)O_(10)}{B_(3)O_(5)}]·0.5NO_(3)·H_(2)O(1),was synthesized under hydrothermal condition,which was built by mixed oxoboron clusters and AlO_(4)tetrahedra.In the structure,the[B_(5)O_(10)]^(5-)and[B_(3)O_(7)]^(5-)clusters are alternately connected to form 1D[B_(8)O_(15)]_(n)^(6n-)chains,which are further linked by AlO_(4)units to form a 2D monolayer with 7‑membered ring and 10‑membered ring windows.Two adjacent monolayers with opposite orientations further form a porous‑layered structure with six channels through B—O—Al bonds.Compound 1 was characterized by single crystal X‑ray diffraction,powder X‑ray diffraction(PXRD),IR spectroscopy,UV‑Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy,and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),respectively.UV‑Vis diffuse reflectance analysis indicates that compound 1 shows a wide transparency range with a short cutoff edge of 201 nm,suggesting it may have potential application in UV regions.CCDC:2383923.
文摘Ultrafine,highly dispersed Pt clusters were immobilized onto the Co nanoparticle surfaces by one-step pyrolysis of the precursor Pt(Ⅱ)-encapsulating Co-MOF-74.Owing to the small size effects of Pt clusters as well as the strongly enhanced synergistic interactions between Pt and Co atoms,the obtained Pt-on-Co/C400 catalysts exhib-ited excellent catalytic activity toward the hydrolysis of ammonia borane with an extremely high turnover frequency(TOF)value of 3022 min^(-1)at 303 K.Durability test indicated that the obtained Pt-on-Co/C400 catalysts possessed high catalytic stability,and there were no changes in the catalyst structures and catalytic activities after 10 cycles.
文摘Organic-inorganic hybrid clusters with strong X-ray radioluminescence have exhibited great potential in scintillator field.However,fabricating the X-ray imaging screens of the clusters without sacrificing the scintillation performance is challenging.Herein,we report an effective way to prepare high-quality scintillation films of two synthesized Cu(Ⅰ)clusters through vacuum evaporation deposition.The developed Cu(Ⅰ)clusters with rigid molecular structures show excellent scintillation performance with a high light yield of up to 19356.7 photons/MeV and a low detection limit of 158 nGy/s.The scintillation film based on the Cu(Ⅰ)clusters made by vacuum evaporation deposition is highly uniform with a small surface roughness value of 1.04 nm,which can be applied to X-ray imaging for various objects.These results not only provide important guidance to develop high-performance organic-inorganic hybrid scintillators,but also pave a straightforward way to prepare non-doped scintillation screens for remarkable X-ray imaging applications.
文摘In modern distributed systems and cloud computing architectures,high availability and high scalability are core requirements to ensure the continuous and stable operation of services.As key technologies for achieving these two goals,high-availability clusters and load-balancing clusters have significant differences in their design concepts and application scenarios,while also maintaining close connections.This paper aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the core objectives,working principles,technical advantages and disadvantages,and typical application cases of high-availability clusters and load-balancing clusters.By introducing an analogical model of a“restaurant kitchen,”the differences between the two are intuitively explained,and their technical characteristics are compared in detail.Additionally,a detailed practical case is included to specifically demonstrate the collaborative work of high-availability and load-balancing technologies through the construction process of Keepalived and HAProxy.Finally,taking the architecture of a typical e-commerce website as an example,this paper demonstrates the best practice of organically combining the two cluster technologies in a production environment to build a robust and high-performance distributed system.Research shows that understanding the differences between the two and implementing collaborative deployment is the cornerstone of designing modern IT infrastructure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72571150)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.9182015)。
文摘Attributed graph clustering plays a vital role in uncovering hidden network structures,but it presents significant challenges.In recent years,various models have been proposed to identify meaningful clusters by integrating both structural and attribute-based information.However,these models often emphasize node proximities without adequately balancing the efficiency of clustering based on both structural and attribute data.Furthermore,they tend to neglect the critical fuzzy information inherent in attributed graph clusters.To address these issues,we introduce a new framework,Markov lumpability optimization,for efficient clustering of large-scale attributed graphs.Specifically,we define a lumped Markov chain on an attribute-augmented graph and introduce a new metric,Markov lumpability,to quantify the differences between the original and lumped Markov transition probability matrices.To minimize this measure,we propose a conjugate gradient projectionbased approach that ensures the partitioning closely aligns with the intrinsic structure of fuzzy clusters through conditional optimization.Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed framework compared to existing clustering algorithms.This framework has many potential applications,including dynamic community analysis of social networks,user profiling in recommendation systems,functional module identification in biological molecular networks,and financial risk control,offering a new paradigm for mining complex patterns in high-dimensional attributed graph data.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22471268)the National Key Research and Development Project(2022YFA1503900)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB1170000)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2022J05090,2024T3003)the Self-deployment Project Research Program of Haixi Institutes,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CXZX-2022-GH03,CXZX-2024-JQ08).
文摘Chiral metal-organic clusters(MOCs)integrating lanthanide ions(Ln^(3+))and organic luminophores present a promising platform for modulating circularly polarized luminescence(CPL).However,achieving dual-wavelength CPL in discrete cluster systems constitutes a considerable challenge.Herein,two enantiomeric pairs of heterometallic EuSn oxo clusters,designated as Sn_(2)EuL_(2)-R/S and Sn_(2)EuL_(4)-R/S,were strategically synthesized using axially chiral binaphthol-phosphonate ligands.These hybrid clusters exhibit dual emission,characterized by a broad ligand-derived fluorescence band superimposed with sharp,characteristic Eu^(3+)f-f transitions,which enables excitation-dependent luminescence color tuning.Their emission profiles and quantum yields are found to be exquisitely adjusted by the distinct coordination environments of Sn^(4+)centers.Notably,Sn_(2)EuL_(2)-R/S demonstrates CPL activity in both near-UV(|g_(lum)|=1.7×10^(-3))and visible(|g_(lum)|=3.1×10^(-2))regions.This work not only reports the first instance of dual-wavelength CPL in a lanthanide/tin oxo complex but also establishes a robust design strategy for fabricating color-tunable chiral photonic materials.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFB3712504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22273038,22073043,and 22033004)。
文摘Accurate description of noncova-lent interactions in large systems is challenging due to the require-ment of high-level electron corre-lation methods.The generalized energy-based fragmentation(GEBF)approach,in conjunc-tion with the domain-based local pair natural orbital(DLPNO)method,has been applied to assess the average binding energies(ABEs)of large benzene clus-ters,specifically(C6H6)13,at the coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples correction[CCSD(T)]level and the complete basis set(CBS)limit.Utilizing GEBF-DLPNO-CCSD(T)/CBS ABEs as benchmarks,various DFT functionals were evaluated.It was found that several functionals with empirical dispersion correction,including M06-2X-D3,B3LYP-D3(BJ),and PBE-D3(BJ),provide accurate descriptions of the ABEs for(C6H6)13 clusters.Additionally,the M06-2X-D3 functional was used to calculate the ABEs and relative stabili-ties of(C6H6)n clusters for n=11,12,13,14,and 15 revealing that the(C6H6)13 cluster ex-hibits the highest relative stability.These findings align with experimental evidence suggest-ing that n=13 is one of the magic numbers for benzene clusters(C6H6)n,with n≤30.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2305201)National Natural Science Foundation of China(71874168)。
文摘Objective This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of HIV pretreatment drug resistance(PDR)and the transmission clusters associated with PDR-related mutations in newly diagnosed,treatmentnaive patients between 2020 and 2023 in Dehong prefecture,Yunnan province,China.Methods Demographic information and plasma samples were collected from study participants.PDR was assessed using the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database.The Tamura-Nei 93 model within HIVTRACE was employed to compute pairwise matches with a genetic distance of 0.015 substitutions per site.Results Among 948 treatment-naive individuals with eligible sequences,36 HIV subtypes were identified,with unique recombinant forms(URFs)being the most prevalent(18.8%,178/948).The overall prevalence of PDR was 12.4%(118/948),and resistance to non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NNRTIs),nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NRTIs),and protease inhibitors(PIs)was10.7%,1.3%,and 1.6%,respectively.A total of 91 clusters were identified,among which eight showed evidence of PDR strain transmission.The largest PDR-associated cluster consisted of six CRF01_AE drugresistant strains carrying K103N and V179T mutations;five of these individuals had initial CD4^(+)cell counts<200 cells/μL.Conclusion The distribution of HIV subtypes in Dehong is diverse and complex.PDR was moderately prevalent(12.4%)between 2020 and 2023.Evidence of transmission of CRF01_AE strains carrying K103N and V179T mutations was found.Routine surveillance of PDR and the strengthening of control measures are essential to limit the spread of drug-resistance HIV strains.
基金financially supported by Jilin Provincial Scientific and Technological Development Program(No.YDZJ202501ZYTS284)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.2022QNRC001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51902029)
文摘Traditional TiO_(2)gas sensing materials face limitations such as difficult energy band adjustment and high operating temperatures.Titanium-oxo clusters(TOCs),molecular analogs of TiO_(2),have shown promise in various applications but remain underexplored in practical applications of gas sensors.This study synthesized two classical TOCs,Ti_(4)O_(2)(O^(i)Pr)_(10)(1-Nap)_(2)(Ti_(4))and[Ti_(8)O_(8)(OMc)_(16)]·2CH_(3)CN(Ti_(8)),via solvothermal methods and evaluated their performances in detecting triethylamine(TEA)gas in the air for the first time.The Ti_(4)and Ti_(8)sensors exhibited high response values of 7.80 and 5.47,respectively,to 100 ppm TEA at optimal operating temperatures of 80 and 50℃,with excellent selectivity.Response/recovery times were 25/91 s for Ti_(4)and 137/230 s for Tig.Both sensors demonstrated good repeatability and long-term stability.The Ti8 sensor,with its lower operating temperature and superior linear fitting,was used to monitor carp fish freshness,showcasing its practical application potential.Finally,the sensing mechanism is analyzed.This study pioneers the use of TOCs for TEA detection and food freshness monitoring,offering new avenues for chemiresistive gas sensors.
