The effect of intermetallic particles on the corrosion of 6061 aluminum alloy and its coating used in semiconductor processing systems was systematically studied via liquid and gas experiments and micromorphology char...The effect of intermetallic particles on the corrosion of 6061 aluminum alloy and its coating used in semiconductor processing systems was systematically studied via liquid and gas experiments and micromorphology characterization.The results revealed that a huge difference of corrosion resistance between imported and domestic 6061 aluminum alloys in HCl solution and gas acid mist experiments mainly was attributed to the different size and amount of Al_(15)(Fe,Mn)_(3)Si_(2).The corrosion resistance of domestic 6061 alloy in dry/wet semiconductor electronic special gas environments was worse than that of imported aluminum alloy,and there are great differences in the corrosion mechanism of 6061 alloy caused by the second phase in the two dry/wet environments.And the corrosion resistance of the hard anodized alumina film was closely related to the microscopic morphology of holes.The vertical and elongatedα-Al_(15)(Mn,Fe)_(3)Si_(2) phase was formed in the rolled aluminum alloy that has been rolled perpendicular to the surface of the substrate.Compared to the horizontal long hole,the longitudinal long holes generated by the verticalα-Al_(15)(Mn,Fe)_(3)Si_(2) phase will enable the corrosive medium to reach the substrate rapidly,which significantly weakens the corrosion resistance of the hard anodized film.展开更多
Under hydrothermal and solvothermal conditions,two novel cobalt-based complexes,{[Co_(2)(CIA)(OH)(1,4-dtb)]·3.2H_(2)O}n(HU23)and{[Co_(2)(CIA)(OH)(1,4-dib)]·3.5H2O·DMF}n(HU24),were successfully construct...Under hydrothermal and solvothermal conditions,two novel cobalt-based complexes,{[Co_(2)(CIA)(OH)(1,4-dtb)]·3.2H_(2)O}n(HU23)and{[Co_(2)(CIA)(OH)(1,4-dib)]·3.5H2O·DMF}n(HU24),were successfully constructed by coordinatively assembling the semi-rigid multidentate ligand 5-(1-carboxyethoxy)isophthalic acid(H₃CIA)with the Nheterocyclic ligands 1,4-di(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)benzene(1,4-dtb)and 1,4-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene(1,4-dib),respectively,around Co^(2+)ions.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that in both complexes HU23 and HU24,the CIA^(3-)anions adopt aκ^(7)-coordination mode,bridging six Co^(2+)ions via their five carboxylate oxygen atoms and one ether oxygen atom.This linkage forms tetranuclear[Co4(μ3-OH)2]^(6+)units.These Co-oxo cluster units were interconnected by CIA^(3-)anions to assemble into 2D kgd-type structures featuring a 3,6-connected topology.The 2D layers were further connected by 1,4-dtb and 1,4-dib,resulting in 3D pillar-layered frameworks for HU23 and HU24.Notably,despite the similar configurations of 1,4-dtb and 1,4-dib,differences in their coordination spatial orientations lead to topological divergence in the 3D frameworks of HU23 and HU24.Topological analysis indicates that the frameworks of HU23 and HU24 can be simplified into a 3,10-connected net(point symbol:(4^(10).6^(3).8^(2))(4^(3))_(2))and a 3,8-connected tfz-d net(point symbol:(4^(3))_(2)((4^(6).6^(18).8^(4)))),respectively.This structural differentiation confirms the precise regulatory role of ligands on the topology of metal-organic frameworks.Moreover,the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra confirmed that HU23 and HU24 have strong absorption capabilities for ultraviolet and visible light.According to the Kubelka-Munk method,their bandwidths were 2.15 and 2.08 eV,respectively,which are consistent with those of typical semiconductor materials.Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements(2-300 K)revealed significant antiferromagnetic coupling in both complexes,with their effective magnetic moments decreasing markedly as the temperature lowered.CCDC:2457554,HU23;2457553,HU24.展开更多
Metal halide perovskites(MHPs)with striking electrical and optical properties have appeared at the forefront of semiconductor materials for photocatalytic redox reactions but still suffer from some intrinsic drawbacks...Metal halide perovskites(MHPs)with striking electrical and optical properties have appeared at the forefront of semiconductor materials for photocatalytic redox reactions but still suffer from some intrinsic drawbacks such as inferior stability,severe charge-carrier recombination,and limited active sites.Heterojunctions have recently been widely constructed to improve light absorption,passivate surface for enhanced stability,and promote charge-carrier dynamics of MHPs.However,little attention has been paid to the review of MHPs-based heterojunctions for photocatalytic redox reactions.Here,recent advances of MHPs-based heterojunctions for photocatalytic redox reactions are highlighted.The structure,synthesis,and photophysical properties of MHPs-based heterojunctions are first introduced,including basic principles,categories(such as Schottky junction,type-I,type-II,Z-scheme,and S-scheme junction),and synthesis strategies.MHPs-based heterojunctions for photocatalytic redox reactions are then reviewed in four categories:H2evolution,CO_(2)reduction,pollutant degradation,and organic synthesis.The challenges and prospects in solar-light-driven redox reactions with MHPs-based heterojunctions in the future are finally discussed.展开更多
The surge in environmental pollution in recent years driven by numerous pollutants has necessitated the search for efficient removal methods.Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly technique that provides multiple benefit...The surge in environmental pollution in recent years driven by numerous pollutants has necessitated the search for efficient removal methods.Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly technique that provides multiple benefits over conventional methods of removing contaminants.Despite the numerous benefits of this technique,it has certain limitations that can be addressed by incorporating nanoparticles to improve its effectiveness.This review paper aims to explore the impact of heavy metal pollution on plants and human health.It highlights the role and mechanism of nanoparticles in enhancing phytoremediation,their application in the detection of heavy metals,and the strategies for the safe disposal of phytoremediation biomass.Biosynthesized nanoparticles are eco-friendly and non-toxic,with applications in biomedical and environmental fields.Nanoparticles can be used in the form of nano biosensors like smartphone-operated wireless sensors made from Cinnamomum camphora,enabling efficient detection of heavy metal ions.According to the studies,nanoparticles remove 80%–97%of heavy metals by various methods like reduction,precipitation,adsorption,etc.The phytoremediation biomass disposal can be done by heat treatment,phytomining,and microbial treatment with some modifications to further enhance their results.Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly technique but requires further research and integration with biomass energy production to overcome scalability challenges and ensure safe biomass disposal.展开更多
Vitamin D deficiency(VDD)represents a significant nutritional concern among children and adolescents.The estimated prevalence of VDD in China is 46.8%in this population^([1]).VDD during childhood and adolescence has b...Vitamin D deficiency(VDD)represents a significant nutritional concern among children and adolescents.The estimated prevalence of VDD in China is 46.8%in this population^([1]).VDD during childhood and adolescence has been associated with the onset of various conditions,including acute respiratory infections,asthma,atopic dermatitis,and food allergies^([2]).Multiple factors,including age,sun exposure,adiposity,and genetics,influence vitamin D levels^([2,3]).Increasing attention has been directed toward understanding the environmental determinants that may influence vitamin D status.Given the potential of metallic pollutants to disrupt endocrine function and their ubiquity in the environment,investigating the effects of metal exposure on human vitamin D status,particularly in vulnerable populations,is imperative.展开更多
Heavy metal(HM)contamination severely impacts global agricultural production.HMs toxicity effectively damaged the physiological functions such as imbalanced redox homeostasis,altered antioxidant enzyme activity,damage...Heavy metal(HM)contamination severely impacts global agricultural production.HMs toxicity effectively damaged the physiological functions such as imbalanced redox homeostasis,altered antioxidant enzyme activity,damage root system architecture,hindered photosynthetic apparatus,cellular toxicity,restricted mineral accumulation,and changed the metabolite production.Using phytohormones may be a successful strategy for enhancing and stimulating plant tolerance to HMs toxicity without affecting the environment.Melatonin(MT),a novel plant growth regulator,and powerful antioxidant molecule,enhances plant resilience to HMs stress by enhancing seedling growth,protecting the photosynthetic system,increasing nutritional status,balanced redox homeostasis,and restricting HMs accumulation from root to shoot.In addition,MT enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes and triggers the ascorbate-glutathione(AsA-GSH)cycle,which helps remove excessive ROS.MT improves RuBisCO activity to improve photosynthesis and reduce the breakdown of chlorophyll.To identify future research needs,it is crucial to understand the comprehensive and intricate regulatory mechanisms of exogenous and endogenous MT-mediated reduction of heavy metal toxicity in plants.Melatonin has several functions,and this review sheds light on those functions and the molecular processes by which it alleviates HMs toxicity.More research is needed to fully understand how melatonin affects plant tolerance to heavy metals stress.展开更多
Industrial waste salts are commonly used to make value-added snow-melting agents to ensure traffic safety in northern China during winter and spring after snowfall.However,heavy metals in industrial waste salts may po...Industrial waste salts are commonly used to make value-added snow-melting agents to ensure traffic safety in northern China during winter and spring after snowfall.However,heavy metals in industrial waste salts may pose certain environmental risks.Snow-melting agents and snow samples were collected and analyzed from highways,arterial roads,footbridges,and other locations in Beijing after the snowstorm in December 2023.It was found that the main component of snow-melting agents was sodium chloride with high concentrations of Cu,Mn,and Zn,which are not regulated in the current policies,despite the recent promotion of environmentally friendly snow-melting agents.The Pb,Zn and Cr contents of some snow samples exceeded the limitation value of surface water quality standards,potentially affecting the soil and water environment near roadsides,although the snow-melting agents comply with relevant standards,which indicates the policy gap in the management of recycled industrial salts.We reviewed and analyzed the relevant standards for snow-melting agents and industrial waste salts proposed nationally and internationally over the past 30 years.Through comparative analysis,we proposed relevant policy recommendations to the existing quality standards of snow-melting agents and the management regulations of industrial waste salts,and the formulation of corresponding usage strategies,aimed at reducing the potential environmental release of heavy metals from the use of snow-melting agents,thereby promoting more sustainable green urban development and environmentally sound waste management.展开更多
Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)face significant challenges in achieving reversibility and cycling stability,primarily due to hydrogen evolution reactions(HER)and zinc dendrite growth.In this study,by employing car...Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)face significant challenges in achieving reversibility and cycling stability,primarily due to hydrogen evolution reactions(HER)and zinc dendrite growth.In this study,by employing carefully designed cells that approximate the structural characteristics of practical batteries,we revisit this widely held view through in-operando X-ray radiography to examine zinc dendrite formation and HER under nearpractical operating conditions.While conventional understanding emphasizes the severity of these processes,our findings suggest that zinc dendrites and HER are noticeably less pronounced in dense,real-operation configurations compared to modified cells,possibly due to a more uniform electric field and the suppression of triple-phase boundaries.This study indicates that other components,such as degradation at the cathode current collector interface and configuration mismatches within the full cell,may also represent important barriers to the practical application of AZMBs,particularly during the early stages of electrodeposition.展开更多
Foliar uptake of airborne metal(loid)s plays a crucial role in metal(loid)accumulation in plant organs and is influ-enced by the size and emission sources of aerosols.Given the high enrichment of toxic metal(loid)s in...Foliar uptake of airborne metal(loid)s plays a crucial role in metal(loid)accumulation in plant organs and is influ-enced by the size and emission sources of aerosols.Given the high enrichment of toxic metal(loid)s in submicron-scale particulates(PM1),this study established a PM1 exposure system to examine airborne metal(loid)accu-mulation and foliar physiological responses in Oryza sativa L.The results showed that the concentrations of Cu,Zn,As,Pb,and Cd in the leaves and grains were influenced not only by the airborne metal(loid)levels but also by the specific nature of the PM1 particles.The quantitative model for PM1-associated Pb entry into leaf tissue indicated that foliar Pb accumulation was primarily driven by particle adhesion,followed by hydrophilic pene-tration and trans-stomatal liquid film migration,accounting for 87%–89%of the total accumulation.The strong hygroscopicity and high Pb activity of PM1 emitted from waste incineration(WI)increased the Pb absorption coefficient via the hydrophilic and liquid film migration pathway.In contrast,the high hydrophobicity of PM1 from coal burning(CB)led to greater retention of Pb on leaf surfaces.Both foliar reactive oxygen metabolism and photosynthesis indices were sensitive to air pollution.Foliar metal(loid)accumulation and airborne PM1 concentration accounted for the variance in physiological responses in rice leaves.Our results also indicated that Pb was the key element in PM1 emissions from both coal burning(CB)and waste incineration(WI)responsible for significant physiological changes in rice leaves.展开更多
The Sn−2Al filler metal was utilized to bond W90 tungsten heavy alloys by the ultrasonic-assisted coating technology in atmospheric environment at 250℃.The effects of ultrasonic power and ultrasonic time on microstru...The Sn−2Al filler metal was utilized to bond W90 tungsten heavy alloys by the ultrasonic-assisted coating technology in atmospheric environment at 250℃.The effects of ultrasonic power and ultrasonic time on microstructure and interfacial strength of Sn−2Al/W90 interface were investigated.The ultrasound improved the wettability of Sn−2Al filler metal on W90 surface.As the ultrasonic power increased and ultrasonic time increased,the size of Al phase in seam decreased.The maximum value of Sn−2Al/W90 interfacial strength reached 30.1 MPa.Based on the acoustic pressure simulation and bubble dynamics,the intensity of cavitation effect was proportional to ultrasonic power.The generated high temperature and high pressure by cavitation effect reached 83799.6 K and 1.26×10^(14) Pa,respectively.展开更多
The functional properties of glasses are governed by their formation history and the complex relaxation processes they undergo.However,under extreme conditions,glass behaviors are still elusive.In this study,we employ...The functional properties of glasses are governed by their formation history and the complex relaxation processes they undergo.However,under extreme conditions,glass behaviors are still elusive.In this study,we employ simulations with varied protocols to evaluate the effectiveness of different descriptors in predicting mechanical properties across both low-and high-pressure regimes.Our findings demonstrate that conventional structural and configurational descriptors fail to correlate with the mechanical response following pressure release,whereas the activation energy descriptor exhibits robust linearity with shear modulus after correcting for pressure effects.Notably,the soft mode parameter emerges as an ideal and computationally efficient alternative for capturing this mechanical behavior.These findings provide critical insights into the influence of pressure on glassy properties,integrating the distinct features of compressed glasses into a unified theoretical framework.展开更多
Some active metal oxides(Al_(2)O_(3),TiO_(2),and Cr_(2)O_(3))were selected as dopants to the Al_(2)O_(3)-based ceramic shells for investment casting of K417G superalloy.The effects of dopant types and contents(0,2,5,a...Some active metal oxides(Al_(2)O_(3),TiO_(2),and Cr_(2)O_(3))were selected as dopants to the Al_(2)O_(3)-based ceramic shells for investment casting of K417G superalloy.The effects of dopant types and contents(0,2,5,and 8 wt.%)on the wettability and interfacial reaction between the alloy and shell were investigated by a sessile-drop experiment.The results show that increasing the Al_(2)O_(3) doping contents(0−8 wt.%)reduces the porosity(21.74%−10.08%)and roughness(3.22−1.34μm)of the shell surface.The increase in Cr_(2)O_(3) dopant content(2−8 wt.%)further exacerbates the interfacial reaction,leading to an increase in the thickness of the reaction layer(2.6−3.1μm)and a decrease in the wetting angle(93.9°−91.0°).The addition of Al_(2)O_(3) and TiO_(2) dopants leads to the formation of Al_(2)TiO_(5) composite oxides in the reaction products,which effectively inhibits the interfacial reaction.The increase in TiO_(2) dopant contents(0−8 wt.%)further promotes the formation of Al_(2)TiO_(5),which decreases the thickness of the interfacial reaction layer(3.9−1.2μm)and increases the wetting angle(95.0°−103.8°).The introduced dopants enhance the packing density of the shell surface,while simultaneously suppress the diffusion of active metal elements from the alloy matrix to the interface.展开更多
In 2021,approximately 537 million people suffered from diabetes mellitus(DM)globally,and this figure will increase to approximately 783 million within the next quarter-century.The increasing burden of DM is a pressing...In 2021,approximately 537 million people suffered from diabetes mellitus(DM)globally,and this figure will increase to approximately 783 million within the next quarter-century.The increasing burden of DM is a pressing global public health issue.Therefore,the early identification of high-risk groups and implementation of effective intervention measures is imperative.展开更多
Considering the tunneling effect and the Schottky effect,the metal semiconductor contact is simulated by using self consistent ensemble Monte Carlo method.Under different biases or at different barrier heights,the i...Considering the tunneling effect and the Schottky effect,the metal semiconductor contact is simulated by using self consistent ensemble Monte Carlo method.Under different biases or at different barrier heights,the investigation into the tunneling current indicates that the tunneling effect is of great importance under reverse biases.The Schottky barrier diode current due to Schottky effect is in agreement with the theoretical one.The barrier lowering is found a profound effect on the current transport at the metal semiconductor interface.展开更多
Lithographically defined microporous templates in conjunction with the atomic layer deposition （ALD） technique enable remarkable control of complex novel nested nanotube structures. So far three-dimensional control ...Lithographically defined microporous templates in conjunction with the atomic layer deposition （ALD） technique enable remarkable control of complex novel nested nanotube structures. So far three-dimensional control of physical process parameters has not been fully realized with high precision resolution, and requires optimization in order to achieve a wider range of potential applications. Furthermore, the combination of composite insulating oxide layers alternating with semiconducting layers and metals can provide various types of novel applications and eventually provide unique and advanced levels of multifunctional nanoscale devices. Semiconducting TiO2 nanotubes have potential applications in photovoltaic devices. The combination of nanostructured semiconducting materials with nested metal nanotubes has the potential to produce novel multi functional vertically-ordered three-dimensional nanodevices. Platinum growth by ALD has been explored, covering the initial stages of the thin film nucleation process and the synthesis of high aspect ratio nanotube structures. The penetration depth of the Pt into porous templates having various pore sizes and aspect ratios has been investigated. Several multi-walled nested TiO2-Pt nanotubes in series have been successfully fabricated using microporous Si templates. These innovative nested nanostructures have the potential to produce novel multifunctional vertically-ordered three-dimensional nanodevices in photovoltaic and sensing technologies.展开更多
With growing interests paid to the enantioselective analysis of chiral molecules, roles played by noble metal and semiconductor nanomaterials surface gradually. Given the unique physicochemical properties of noble met...With growing interests paid to the enantioselective analysis of chiral molecules, roles played by noble metal and semiconductor nanomaterials surface gradually. Given the unique physicochemical properties of noble metal and semiconductor nanomaterials, the enantioselective analyses are classified into three categories: fluorescence-based, colorimetry-based, and circular dichroism-based ones. In this paper, we review the existing progresses on enantioselective analysis, thanks to noble metal and semiconductor nanomaterials. Finally, the prospect of enantioselective analysis based on noble metal and semiconductor are discussed.展开更多
With the rapid development of the Internet of Things,there is a great demand for portable gas sensors.Metal oxide semiconductors(MOS)are one of the most traditional and well-studied gas sensing materials and have been...With the rapid development of the Internet of Things,there is a great demand for portable gas sensors.Metal oxide semiconductors(MOS)are one of the most traditional and well-studied gas sensing materials and have been widely used to prepare various commercial gas sensors.However,it is limited by high operating temperature.The current research works are directed towards fabricating high-performance flexible room-temperature(FRT)gas sensors,which are effective in simplifying the structure of MOS-based sensors,reducing power consumption,and expanding the application of portable devices.This article presents the recent research progress of MOS-based FRT gas sensors in terms of sensing mechanism,performance,flexibility characteristics,and applications.This review comprehensively summarizes and discusses five types of MOS-based FRT gas sensors,including pristine MOS,noble metal nanoparticles modified MOS,organic polymers modified MOS,carbon-based materials(carbon nanotubes and graphene derivatives)modified MOS,and two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides materials modified MOS.The effect of light-illuminated to improve gas sensing performance is further discussed.Furthermore,the applications and future perspectives of FRT gas sensors are also discussed.展开更多
Wet thermal annealing effects on the properties of TaN/HfO2/Ge metal-oxide-semiconductor （MOS） structures with and without a GeO2 passivation layer are investigated. The physical and the electrical properties are ch...Wet thermal annealing effects on the properties of TaN/HfO2/Ge metal-oxide-semiconductor （MOS） structures with and without a GeO2 passivation layer are investigated. The physical and the electrical properties are characterized by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, capacitance-voltage （C-V） and current-voltage characteristics. It is demonstrated that wet thermal annealing at relatively higher temperature such as 550 ℃ can lead to Ge incorporation in HfO2 and the partial crystallization of HfO2, which should be responsible for the serious degradation of the electrical characteristics of the TaN/HfO2/Ge MOS capacitors. However, wet thermal annealing at 400 ℃ can decrease the GeOx interlayer thickness at the HfO2/Ge interface, resulting in a significant reduction of the interface states and a smaller effective oxide thickness, along with the introduction of a positive charge in the dielectrics due to the hydrolyzable property of GeOx in the wet ambient. The pre-growth of a thin GeO2 passivation layer can effectively suppress the interface states and improve the C V characteristics for the as-prepared HfO2 gated Ge MOS capacitors, but it also dissembles the benefits of wet thermal annealing to a certain extent.展开更多
A novel super-junction lateral double-diffused metal-oxide semiconductor （SJ-LDMOS） with a partial lightly doped P pillar （PD） is proposed. Firstly, the reduction in the partial P pillar charges ensures the charge...A novel super-junction lateral double-diffused metal-oxide semiconductor （SJ-LDMOS） with a partial lightly doped P pillar （PD） is proposed. Firstly, the reduction in the partial P pillar charges ensures the charge balance and suppresses the substrate-assisted depletion effect. Secondly, the new electric field peak produced by the P/P junction modulates the surface electric field distribution. Both of these result in a high breakdown voltage （BV）. In addition, due to the same conduction paths, the specific on-resistance （Ron,sp） of the PD SJ-LDMOS is approximately identical to the conventional SJ-LDMOS. Simulation results indicate that the average value of the surface lateral electric field of the PD SJ-LDMOS reaches 20 V/μm at a 15 μm drift length, resulting in a BV of 300 V.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52371055)the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program Cast(Grant No.YESS20200139)the Basic Scientific Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education(Grant No.JYTMS20230618)。
文摘The effect of intermetallic particles on the corrosion of 6061 aluminum alloy and its coating used in semiconductor processing systems was systematically studied via liquid and gas experiments and micromorphology characterization.The results revealed that a huge difference of corrosion resistance between imported and domestic 6061 aluminum alloys in HCl solution and gas acid mist experiments mainly was attributed to the different size and amount of Al_(15)(Fe,Mn)_(3)Si_(2).The corrosion resistance of domestic 6061 alloy in dry/wet semiconductor electronic special gas environments was worse than that of imported aluminum alloy,and there are great differences in the corrosion mechanism of 6061 alloy caused by the second phase in the two dry/wet environments.And the corrosion resistance of the hard anodized alumina film was closely related to the microscopic morphology of holes.The vertical and elongatedα-Al_(15)(Mn,Fe)_(3)Si_(2) phase was formed in the rolled aluminum alloy that has been rolled perpendicular to the surface of the substrate.Compared to the horizontal long hole,the longitudinal long holes generated by the verticalα-Al_(15)(Mn,Fe)_(3)Si_(2) phase will enable the corrosive medium to reach the substrate rapidly,which significantly weakens the corrosion resistance of the hard anodized film.
文摘Under hydrothermal and solvothermal conditions,two novel cobalt-based complexes,{[Co_(2)(CIA)(OH)(1,4-dtb)]·3.2H_(2)O}n(HU23)and{[Co_(2)(CIA)(OH)(1,4-dib)]·3.5H2O·DMF}n(HU24),were successfully constructed by coordinatively assembling the semi-rigid multidentate ligand 5-(1-carboxyethoxy)isophthalic acid(H₃CIA)with the Nheterocyclic ligands 1,4-di(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)benzene(1,4-dtb)and 1,4-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene(1,4-dib),respectively,around Co^(2+)ions.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that in both complexes HU23 and HU24,the CIA^(3-)anions adopt aκ^(7)-coordination mode,bridging six Co^(2+)ions via their five carboxylate oxygen atoms and one ether oxygen atom.This linkage forms tetranuclear[Co4(μ3-OH)2]^(6+)units.These Co-oxo cluster units were interconnected by CIA^(3-)anions to assemble into 2D kgd-type structures featuring a 3,6-connected topology.The 2D layers were further connected by 1,4-dtb and 1,4-dib,resulting in 3D pillar-layered frameworks for HU23 and HU24.Notably,despite the similar configurations of 1,4-dtb and 1,4-dib,differences in their coordination spatial orientations lead to topological divergence in the 3D frameworks of HU23 and HU24.Topological analysis indicates that the frameworks of HU23 and HU24 can be simplified into a 3,10-connected net(point symbol:(4^(10).6^(3).8^(2))(4^(3))_(2))and a 3,8-connected tfz-d net(point symbol:(4^(3))_(2)((4^(6).6^(18).8^(4)))),respectively.This structural differentiation confirms the precise regulatory role of ligands on the topology of metal-organic frameworks.Moreover,the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra confirmed that HU23 and HU24 have strong absorption capabilities for ultraviolet and visible light.According to the Kubelka-Munk method,their bandwidths were 2.15 and 2.08 eV,respectively,which are consistent with those of typical semiconductor materials.Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements(2-300 K)revealed significant antiferromagnetic coupling in both complexes,with their effective magnetic moments decreasing markedly as the temperature lowered.CCDC:2457554,HU23;2457553,HU24.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22302155)the Fundamental Research Funds of the Center Universities(No.D5000240188)the research program of ZJUT(YJY-ZS-20240001)。
文摘Metal halide perovskites(MHPs)with striking electrical and optical properties have appeared at the forefront of semiconductor materials for photocatalytic redox reactions but still suffer from some intrinsic drawbacks such as inferior stability,severe charge-carrier recombination,and limited active sites.Heterojunctions have recently been widely constructed to improve light absorption,passivate surface for enhanced stability,and promote charge-carrier dynamics of MHPs.However,little attention has been paid to the review of MHPs-based heterojunctions for photocatalytic redox reactions.Here,recent advances of MHPs-based heterojunctions for photocatalytic redox reactions are highlighted.The structure,synthesis,and photophysical properties of MHPs-based heterojunctions are first introduced,including basic principles,categories(such as Schottky junction,type-I,type-II,Z-scheme,and S-scheme junction),and synthesis strategies.MHPs-based heterojunctions for photocatalytic redox reactions are then reviewed in four categories:H2evolution,CO_(2)reduction,pollutant degradation,and organic synthesis.The challenges and prospects in solar-light-driven redox reactions with MHPs-based heterojunctions in the future are finally discussed.
文摘The surge in environmental pollution in recent years driven by numerous pollutants has necessitated the search for efficient removal methods.Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly technique that provides multiple benefits over conventional methods of removing contaminants.Despite the numerous benefits of this technique,it has certain limitations that can be addressed by incorporating nanoparticles to improve its effectiveness.This review paper aims to explore the impact of heavy metal pollution on plants and human health.It highlights the role and mechanism of nanoparticles in enhancing phytoremediation,their application in the detection of heavy metals,and the strategies for the safe disposal of phytoremediation biomass.Biosynthesized nanoparticles are eco-friendly and non-toxic,with applications in biomedical and environmental fields.Nanoparticles can be used in the form of nano biosensors like smartphone-operated wireless sensors made from Cinnamomum camphora,enabling efficient detection of heavy metal ions.According to the studies,nanoparticles remove 80%–97%of heavy metals by various methods like reduction,precipitation,adsorption,etc.The phytoremediation biomass disposal can be done by heat treatment,phytomining,and microbial treatment with some modifications to further enhance their results.Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly technique but requires further research and integration with biomass energy production to overcome scalability challenges and ensure safe biomass disposal.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(G.F.Wang,grant number 82204071)(P.Y.Su,grant numbers 81874268 and 82473655)the Research Funds of the Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM(P.Y.Su,No.JKS2023016)Anhui Provincial Health Commission Scientific Research Project(Y.Zhou,No.AHWJ2023A30027)。
文摘Vitamin D deficiency(VDD)represents a significant nutritional concern among children and adolescents.The estimated prevalence of VDD in China is 46.8%in this population^([1]).VDD during childhood and adolescence has been associated with the onset of various conditions,including acute respiratory infections,asthma,atopic dermatitis,and food allergies^([2]).Multiple factors,including age,sun exposure,adiposity,and genetics,influence vitamin D levels^([2,3]).Increasing attention has been directed toward understanding the environmental determinants that may influence vitamin D status.Given the potential of metallic pollutants to disrupt endocrine function and their ubiquity in the environment,investigating the effects of metal exposure on human vitamin D status,particularly in vulnerable populations,is imperative.
文摘Heavy metal(HM)contamination severely impacts global agricultural production.HMs toxicity effectively damaged the physiological functions such as imbalanced redox homeostasis,altered antioxidant enzyme activity,damage root system architecture,hindered photosynthetic apparatus,cellular toxicity,restricted mineral accumulation,and changed the metabolite production.Using phytohormones may be a successful strategy for enhancing and stimulating plant tolerance to HMs toxicity without affecting the environment.Melatonin(MT),a novel plant growth regulator,and powerful antioxidant molecule,enhances plant resilience to HMs stress by enhancing seedling growth,protecting the photosynthetic system,increasing nutritional status,balanced redox homeostasis,and restricting HMs accumulation from root to shoot.In addition,MT enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes and triggers the ascorbate-glutathione(AsA-GSH)cycle,which helps remove excessive ROS.MT improves RuBisCO activity to improve photosynthesis and reduce the breakdown of chlorophyll.To identify future research needs,it is crucial to understand the comprehensive and intricate regulatory mechanisms of exogenous and endogenous MT-mediated reduction of heavy metal toxicity in plants.Melatonin has several functions,and this review sheds light on those functions and the molecular processes by which it alleviates HMs toxicity.More research is needed to fully understand how melatonin affects plant tolerance to heavy metals stress.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22176200)the Industrial Innovation Entrepreneurial Team Project of Ordos 2021.
文摘Industrial waste salts are commonly used to make value-added snow-melting agents to ensure traffic safety in northern China during winter and spring after snowfall.However,heavy metals in industrial waste salts may pose certain environmental risks.Snow-melting agents and snow samples were collected and analyzed from highways,arterial roads,footbridges,and other locations in Beijing after the snowstorm in December 2023.It was found that the main component of snow-melting agents was sodium chloride with high concentrations of Cu,Mn,and Zn,which are not regulated in the current policies,despite the recent promotion of environmentally friendly snow-melting agents.The Pb,Zn and Cr contents of some snow samples exceeded the limitation value of surface water quality standards,potentially affecting the soil and water environment near roadsides,although the snow-melting agents comply with relevant standards,which indicates the policy gap in the management of recycled industrial salts.We reviewed and analyzed the relevant standards for snow-melting agents and industrial waste salts proposed nationally and internationally over the past 30 years.Through comparative analysis,we proposed relevant policy recommendations to the existing quality standards of snow-melting agents and the management regulations of industrial waste salts,and the formulation of corresponding usage strategies,aimed at reducing the potential environmental release of heavy metals from the use of snow-melting agents,thereby promoting more sustainable green urban development and environmentally sound waste management.
基金the fundamental Research Funds for the central Universities(x2wjD2240360)for the funding supportMeanwhile,Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC,EP/V027433/3)+2 种基金UK Research and Innovation(UKRI)under the UK government’s Horizon Europe funding(101077226,EP/Y008707/1)Faraday Institution(EP/S003053/1)Degradation project(FIRG001),Royal Society(IEC\NSFC\233361),QUB Agility Fund and Wright Technology and Research Centre(W-Tech,R5240MEE)Funding from UK aid from the UK Government through the Faraday Institution and the Transforming Energy Access Programme(Grant number FIRG050-Device engineering of Zn-based hybrid micro-flow batteries and by-product H2 collection for Emerging Economies)。
文摘Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)face significant challenges in achieving reversibility and cycling stability,primarily due to hydrogen evolution reactions(HER)and zinc dendrite growth.In this study,by employing carefully designed cells that approximate the structural characteristics of practical batteries,we revisit this widely held view through in-operando X-ray radiography to examine zinc dendrite formation and HER under nearpractical operating conditions.While conventional understanding emphasizes the severity of these processes,our findings suggest that zinc dendrites and HER are noticeably less pronounced in dense,real-operation configurations compared to modified cells,possibly due to a more uniform electric field and the suppression of triple-phase boundaries.This study indicates that other components,such as degradation at the cathode current collector interface and configuration mismatches within the full cell,may also represent important barriers to the practical application of AZMBs,particularly during the early stages of electrodeposition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42077367 and 21677123).
文摘Foliar uptake of airborne metal(loid)s plays a crucial role in metal(loid)accumulation in plant organs and is influ-enced by the size and emission sources of aerosols.Given the high enrichment of toxic metal(loid)s in submicron-scale particulates(PM1),this study established a PM1 exposure system to examine airborne metal(loid)accu-mulation and foliar physiological responses in Oryza sativa L.The results showed that the concentrations of Cu,Zn,As,Pb,and Cd in the leaves and grains were influenced not only by the airborne metal(loid)levels but also by the specific nature of the PM1 particles.The quantitative model for PM1-associated Pb entry into leaf tissue indicated that foliar Pb accumulation was primarily driven by particle adhesion,followed by hydrophilic pene-tration and trans-stomatal liquid film migration,accounting for 87%–89%of the total accumulation.The strong hygroscopicity and high Pb activity of PM1 emitted from waste incineration(WI)increased the Pb absorption coefficient via the hydrophilic and liquid film migration pathway.In contrast,the high hydrophobicity of PM1 from coal burning(CB)led to greater retention of Pb on leaf surfaces.Both foliar reactive oxygen metabolism and photosynthesis indices were sensitive to air pollution.Foliar metal(loid)accumulation and airborne PM1 concentration accounted for the variance in physiological responses in rice leaves.Our results also indicated that Pb was the key element in PM1 emissions from both coal burning(CB)and waste incineration(WI)responsible for significant physiological changes in rice leaves.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52105330,52175307)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(No.ZR2023JQ021)。
文摘The Sn−2Al filler metal was utilized to bond W90 tungsten heavy alloys by the ultrasonic-assisted coating technology in atmospheric environment at 250℃.The effects of ultrasonic power and ultrasonic time on microstructure and interfacial strength of Sn−2Al/W90 interface were investigated.The ultrasound improved the wettability of Sn−2Al filler metal on W90 surface.As the ultrasonic power increased and ultrasonic time increased,the size of Al phase in seam decreased.The maximum value of Sn−2Al/W90 interfacial strength reached 30.1 MPa.Based on the acoustic pressure simulation and bubble dynamics,the intensity of cavitation effect was proportional to ultrasonic power.The generated high temperature and high pressure by cavitation effect reached 83799.6 K and 1.26×10^(14) Pa,respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.T2325004 and 52161160330)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No.12504233)+2 种基金Advanced MaterialsNational Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No.2024ZD0606900)the Talent Hub for “AI+New Materials” Basic Researchthe Key Research and Development Program of Ningbo (Grant No.2025Z088)。
文摘The functional properties of glasses are governed by their formation history and the complex relaxation processes they undergo.However,under extreme conditions,glass behaviors are still elusive.In this study,we employ simulations with varied protocols to evaluate the effectiveness of different descriptors in predicting mechanical properties across both low-and high-pressure regimes.Our findings demonstrate that conventional structural and configurational descriptors fail to correlate with the mechanical response following pressure release,whereas the activation energy descriptor exhibits robust linearity with shear modulus after correcting for pressure effects.Notably,the soft mode parameter emerges as an ideal and computationally efficient alternative for capturing this mechanical behavior.These findings provide critical insights into the influence of pressure on glassy properties,integrating the distinct features of compressed glasses into a unified theoretical framework.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52374292)China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgy Innovation Foundation, China (No. BWLCF202309)the Natural Science Foundation of Changsha City, China (No. KQ2208271)。
文摘Some active metal oxides(Al_(2)O_(3),TiO_(2),and Cr_(2)O_(3))were selected as dopants to the Al_(2)O_(3)-based ceramic shells for investment casting of K417G superalloy.The effects of dopant types and contents(0,2,5,and 8 wt.%)on the wettability and interfacial reaction between the alloy and shell were investigated by a sessile-drop experiment.The results show that increasing the Al_(2)O_(3) doping contents(0−8 wt.%)reduces the porosity(21.74%−10.08%)and roughness(3.22−1.34μm)of the shell surface.The increase in Cr_(2)O_(3) dopant content(2−8 wt.%)further exacerbates the interfacial reaction,leading to an increase in the thickness of the reaction layer(2.6−3.1μm)and a decrease in the wetting angle(93.9°−91.0°).The addition of Al_(2)O_(3) and TiO_(2) dopants leads to the formation of Al_(2)TiO_(5) composite oxides in the reaction products,which effectively inhibits the interfacial reaction.The increase in TiO_(2) dopant contents(0−8 wt.%)further promotes the formation of Al_(2)TiO_(5),which decreases the thickness of the interfacial reaction layer(3.9−1.2μm)and increases the wetting angle(95.0°−103.8°).The introduced dopants enhance the packing density of the shell surface,while simultaneously suppress the diffusion of active metal elements from the alloy matrix to the interface.
基金supported by the Research Funds of the Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM(grant number JKS2022015)the Key Scientific Research Fund of the Anhui Provincial Education Department(grant number2023AH050610)the Anhui Natural Science Foundation(grant number 1808085QH252)。
文摘In 2021,approximately 537 million people suffered from diabetes mellitus(DM)globally,and this figure will increase to approximately 783 million within the next quarter-century.The increasing burden of DM is a pressing global public health issue.Therefore,the early identification of high-risk groups and implementation of effective intervention measures is imperative.
文摘Considering the tunneling effect and the Schottky effect,the metal semiconductor contact is simulated by using self consistent ensemble Monte Carlo method.Under different biases or at different barrier heights,the investigation into the tunneling current indicates that the tunneling effect is of great importance under reverse biases.The Schottky barrier diode current due to Schottky effect is in agreement with the theoretical one.The barrier lowering is found a profound effect on the current transport at the metal semiconductor interface.
文摘Lithographically defined microporous templates in conjunction with the atomic layer deposition （ALD） technique enable remarkable control of complex novel nested nanotube structures. So far three-dimensional control of physical process parameters has not been fully realized with high precision resolution, and requires optimization in order to achieve a wider range of potential applications. Furthermore, the combination of composite insulating oxide layers alternating with semiconducting layers and metals can provide various types of novel applications and eventually provide unique and advanced levels of multifunctional nanoscale devices. Semiconducting TiO2 nanotubes have potential applications in photovoltaic devices. The combination of nanostructured semiconducting materials with nested metal nanotubes has the potential to produce novel multi functional vertically-ordered three-dimensional nanodevices. Platinum growth by ALD has been explored, covering the initial stages of the thin film nucleation process and the synthesis of high aspect ratio nanotube structures. The penetration depth of the Pt into porous templates having various pore sizes and aspect ratios has been investigated. Several multi-walled nested TiO2-Pt nanotubes in series have been successfully fabricated using microporous Si templates. These innovative nested nanostructures have the potential to produce novel multifunctional vertically-ordered three-dimensional nanodevices in photovoltaic and sensing technologies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21605044 and 51872085)Joint NSFC-ISF Research (No. 21761142009)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 2019JJ20003)
文摘With growing interests paid to the enantioselective analysis of chiral molecules, roles played by noble metal and semiconductor nanomaterials surface gradually. Given the unique physicochemical properties of noble metal and semiconductor nanomaterials, the enantioselective analyses are classified into three categories: fluorescence-based, colorimetry-based, and circular dichroism-based ones. In this paper, we review the existing progresses on enantioselective analysis, thanks to noble metal and semiconductor nanomaterials. Finally, the prospect of enantioselective analysis based on noble metal and semiconductor are discussed.
基金This work is supported by This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2020YFB2008604 and 2021YFB3202500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61874034 and 51861135105)+1 种基金the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(No.21520713300)Fudan University-CIOMP Joint Fund(E02632Y7H0).
文摘With the rapid development of the Internet of Things,there is a great demand for portable gas sensors.Metal oxide semiconductors(MOS)are one of the most traditional and well-studied gas sensing materials and have been widely used to prepare various commercial gas sensors.However,it is limited by high operating temperature.The current research works are directed towards fabricating high-performance flexible room-temperature(FRT)gas sensors,which are effective in simplifying the structure of MOS-based sensors,reducing power consumption,and expanding the application of portable devices.This article presents the recent research progress of MOS-based FRT gas sensors in terms of sensing mechanism,performance,flexibility characteristics,and applications.This review comprehensively summarizes and discusses five types of MOS-based FRT gas sensors,including pristine MOS,noble metal nanoparticles modified MOS,organic polymers modified MOS,carbon-based materials(carbon nanotubes and graphene derivatives)modified MOS,and two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides materials modified MOS.The effect of light-illuminated to improve gas sensing performance is further discussed.Furthermore,the applications and future perspectives of FRT gas sensors are also discussed.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61176092,61036003,and 60837001)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2012CB933503)+1 种基金the Ph.D. Program Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 20110121110025)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China (Grant No. 2010121056)
文摘Wet thermal annealing effects on the properties of TaN/HfO2/Ge metal-oxide-semiconductor （MOS） structures with and without a GeO2 passivation layer are investigated. The physical and the electrical properties are characterized by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, capacitance-voltage （C-V） and current-voltage characteristics. It is demonstrated that wet thermal annealing at relatively higher temperature such as 550 ℃ can lead to Ge incorporation in HfO2 and the partial crystallization of HfO2, which should be responsible for the serious degradation of the electrical characteristics of the TaN/HfO2/Ge MOS capacitors. However, wet thermal annealing at 400 ℃ can decrease the GeOx interlayer thickness at the HfO2/Ge interface, resulting in a significant reduction of the interface states and a smaller effective oxide thickness, along with the introduction of a positive charge in the dielectrics due to the hydrolyzable property of GeOx in the wet ambient. The pre-growth of a thin GeO2 passivation layer can effectively suppress the interface states and improve the C V characteristics for the as-prepared HfO2 gated Ge MOS capacitors, but it also dissembles the benefits of wet thermal annealing to a certain extent.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2010ZX02201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61176069)the National Defense Pre-Research of China (Grant No. 51308020304)
文摘A novel super-junction lateral double-diffused metal-oxide semiconductor （SJ-LDMOS） with a partial lightly doped P pillar （PD） is proposed. Firstly, the reduction in the partial P pillar charges ensures the charge balance and suppresses the substrate-assisted depletion effect. Secondly, the new electric field peak produced by the P/P junction modulates the surface electric field distribution. Both of these result in a high breakdown voltage （BV）. In addition, due to the same conduction paths, the specific on-resistance （Ron,sp） of the PD SJ-LDMOS is approximately identical to the conventional SJ-LDMOS. Simulation results indicate that the average value of the surface lateral electric field of the PD SJ-LDMOS reaches 20 V/μm at a 15 μm drift length, resulting in a BV of 300 V.
