CAD model retrieval based on functional semantics is more significant than content-based 3D model retrieval during the mechanical conceptual design phase. However, relevant research is still not fully discussed. There...CAD model retrieval based on functional semantics is more significant than content-based 3D model retrieval during the mechanical conceptual design phase. However, relevant research is still not fully discussed. Therefore, a functional semantic-based CAD model annotation and retrieval method is proposed to support mechanical conceptual design and design reuse, inspire designer creativity through existing CAD models, shorten design cycle, and reduce costs. Firstly, the CAD model functional semantic ontology is constructed to formally represent the functional semantics of CAD models and describe the mechanical conceptual design space comprehensively and consistently. Secondly, an approach to represent CAD models as attributed adjacency graphs（AAG） is proposed. In this method, the geometry and topology data are extracted from STEP models. On the basis of AAG, the functional semantics of CAD models are annotated semi-automatically by matching CAD models that contain the partial features of which functional semantics have been annotated manually, thereby constructing CAD Model Repository that supports model retrieval based on functional semantics. Thirdly, a CAD model retrieval algorithm that supports multi-function extended retrieval is proposed to explore more potential creative design knowledge in the semantic level. Finally, a prototype system, called Functional Semantic-based CAD Model Annotation and Retrieval System（FSMARS）, is implemented. A case demonstrates that FSMARS can successfully botain multiple potential CAD models that conform to the desired function. The proposed research addresses actual needs and presents a new way to acquire CAD models in the mechanical conceptual design phase.展开更多
Writing is one of the skills most difficult to train and develop.Although writing can be circumvented in many cases bysome people, modern civilization is imposing increasing demands on our ability to write, and write ...Writing is one of the skills most difficult to train and develop.Although writing can be circumvented in many cases bysome people, modern civilization is imposing increasing demands on our ability to write, and write well. In English writing,consistency of semantic meaning with structure and function in English writing is a very important part to evaluate the quality ofwriting.In student＇s English academic writing, there are different writing types. The consistency of semanticmeaning with structureand function in different academic writings is various. In this thesis, the consistency of the semantic meaning with structure andfunction in the essay and academic and report writing is analyzed.展开更多
SOZL (structured methodology + object-oriented methodology + Z language) is a language that attempts to integrate structured method, object-oriented method and formal method. The core of this language is predicate dat...SOZL (structured methodology + object-oriented methodology + Z language) is a language that attempts to integrate structured method, object-oriented method and formal method. The core of this language is predicate data flow diagram (PDFD). In order to eliminate the ambiguity of predicate data flow diagrams and their associated textual specifications, a formalization of the syntax and semantics of predicate data flow diagrams is necessary. In this paper we use Z notation to define an abstract syntax and the related structural constraints for the PDFD notation, and provide it with an axiomatic semantics based on the concept of data availability and functionality of predicate operation. Finally, an example is given to establish functionality consistent decomposition on hierarchical PDFD (HPDFD).展开更多
Generally speaking,grammaticalization is the abstraction of lexical items or constructions which have developed into the minimal grammatical units in a certain context.As a universal linguistic phenomenon,grammaticali...Generally speaking,grammaticalization is the abstraction of lexical items or constructions which have developed into the minimal grammatical units in a certain context.As a universal linguistic phenomenon,grammaticalization has attracted the attention of eastern and western scholars for a long time.However,it hadn't become a hot topic in the study of language until the beginning of the 1970s.It is widely agreed that a typical grammaticalization involves change at various levels,such as,phonemic,semantic/ pragmatic and morphosyntactic levels.In this paper we tend to study grammaticalization from the functional perspective and take semantic/functional change involved in it as our focus in order to deepen our understanding of grammaticalization phenomena.展开更多
Today, the quantity of data continues to increase, furthermore, the data are heterogeneous, from multiple sources (structured, semi-structured and unstructured) and with different levels of quality. Therefore, it is v...Today, the quantity of data continues to increase, furthermore, the data are heterogeneous, from multiple sources (structured, semi-structured and unstructured) and with different levels of quality. Therefore, it is very likely to manipulate data without knowledge about their structures and their semantics. In fact, the meta-data may be insufficient or totally absent. Data Anomalies may be due to the poverty of their semantic descriptions, or even the absence of their description. In this paper, we propose an approach to better understand the semantics and the structure of the data. Our approach helps to correct automatically the intra-column anomalies and the inter-col- umns ones. We aim to improve the quality of data by processing the null values and the semantic dependencies between columns.展开更多
One of the interesting topics in grid computing systems is resources discovery. After the failure of a resource in a chain of resources made for a specific task in grid environment, discovering and finding a new resou...One of the interesting topics in grid computing systems is resources discovery. After the failure of a resource in a chain of resources made for a specific task in grid environment, discovering and finding a new resource that reconstructs the chain is an important topic. In this study, with defining new agent that is called task agent, and by proposing an algorithm, we will increase the fault tolerance against probable failure of a resource in the resource chain.展开更多
English words in pairs are a special form of English idioms, which have different kinds and are used widely. For English learners, words in pairs are one of the difficult points. This paper discusses their form patter...English words in pairs are a special form of English idioms, which have different kinds and are used widely. For English learners, words in pairs are one of the difficult points. This paper discusses their form patterns, semantic relations, grammatical functions, rhetoric features and their application in translation. Its purpose is to help learners understand and use them accurately and correctly so as to improve language expressing ability.展开更多
Both Chinese and English are rich in idioms, which contain abundant cultural information.There are many similarities between English and Chinese language, which make English idiom translation possible. However,due to ...Both Chinese and English are rich in idioms, which contain abundant cultural information.There are many similarities between English and Chinese language, which make English idiom translation possible. However,due to their totally different linguistic and cultural systems, idioms used in Chinese and English differ considerably, which make English idiom translation difficult.This paper focuses on the study ofEnglish idiomtranslation under the guidance offunctional equivalence theory. The purpose of this study is to point out what should be considered in the process of English idiom translationby summarizingthe translation principles and skills.展开更多
Embodied semantics theory asserts that the meaning of action-related words is neurally represented through networks that overlap with or are identical to networks involved in sensory-motor processing. While some studi...Embodied semantics theory asserts that the meaning of action-related words is neurally represented through networks that overlap with or are identical to networks involved in sensory-motor processing. While some studies supporting this theory have focused on Chinese characters, less attention has been paid to their semantic radicals. Indeed, there is still disagreement about whether these radicals are processed independently. The present study investigated whether radicals are processed separately and, if so, whether this processing occurs in sensory-motor regions. Materials consisted of 72 high-frequency Chinese characters, with 18 in each of four categories： hand-action verbs with and without hand-radicals, and verbs not related to hand actions, with and without hand-radicals. Twenty-eight participants underwent functional MRI scans while reading the characters. Compared to characters without hand-radicals, reading characters with hand-radicals activated the right medial frontal gyrus. Verbs involving hand-action activated the left inferior parietal lobule, possibly reflecting integration of information in the radical with the semantic meaning of the verb. The findings may be consistent with embodied semantics theory and suggest that neural representation of radicals is indispensable in processing Chinese characters.展开更多
The byte stream is widely used in malware detection due to its independence of reverse engineering.However,existing methods based on the byte stream implement an indiscriminate feature extraction strategy,which ignore...The byte stream is widely used in malware detection due to its independence of reverse engineering.However,existing methods based on the byte stream implement an indiscriminate feature extraction strategy,which ignores the byte function difference in different segments and fails to achieve targeted feature extraction for various byte semantic representation modes,resulting in byte semantic confusion.To address this issue,an enhanced adversarial byte function associated method for malware backdoor attack is proposed in this paper by categorizing various function bytes into three functions involving structure,code,and data.The Minhash algorithm,grayscale mapping,and state transition probability statistics are then used to capture byte semantics from the perspectives of text signature,spatial structure,and statistical aspects,respectively,to increase the accuracy of byte semantic representation.Finally,the three-channel malware feature image is constructed based on different function byte semantics,and a convolutional neural network is applied for detection.Experiments on multiple data sets from 2018 to 2021 show that the method can effectively combine byte functions to achieve targeted feature extraction,avoid byte semantic confusion,and improve the accuracy of malware detection.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51175287)National Science and Technology Major Project of China (Grant No.2011ZX02403)
文摘CAD model retrieval based on functional semantics is more significant than content-based 3D model retrieval during the mechanical conceptual design phase. However, relevant research is still not fully discussed. Therefore, a functional semantic-based CAD model annotation and retrieval method is proposed to support mechanical conceptual design and design reuse, inspire designer creativity through existing CAD models, shorten design cycle, and reduce costs. Firstly, the CAD model functional semantic ontology is constructed to formally represent the functional semantics of CAD models and describe the mechanical conceptual design space comprehensively and consistently. Secondly, an approach to represent CAD models as attributed adjacency graphs（AAG） is proposed. In this method, the geometry and topology data are extracted from STEP models. On the basis of AAG, the functional semantics of CAD models are annotated semi-automatically by matching CAD models that contain the partial features of which functional semantics have been annotated manually, thereby constructing CAD Model Repository that supports model retrieval based on functional semantics. Thirdly, a CAD model retrieval algorithm that supports multi-function extended retrieval is proposed to explore more potential creative design knowledge in the semantic level. Finally, a prototype system, called Functional Semantic-based CAD Model Annotation and Retrieval System（FSMARS）, is implemented. A case demonstrates that FSMARS can successfully botain multiple potential CAD models that conform to the desired function. The proposed research addresses actual needs and presents a new way to acquire CAD models in the mechanical conceptual design phase.
文摘Writing is one of the skills most difficult to train and develop.Although writing can be circumvented in many cases bysome people, modern civilization is imposing increasing demands on our ability to write, and write well. In English writing,consistency of semantic meaning with structure and function in English writing is a very important part to evaluate the quality ofwriting.In student＇s English academic writing, there are different writing types. The consistency of semanticmeaning with structureand function in different academic writings is various. In this thesis, the consistency of the semantic meaning with structure andfunction in the essay and academic and report writing is analyzed.
文摘SOZL (structured methodology + object-oriented methodology + Z language) is a language that attempts to integrate structured method, object-oriented method and formal method. The core of this language is predicate data flow diagram (PDFD). In order to eliminate the ambiguity of predicate data flow diagrams and their associated textual specifications, a formalization of the syntax and semantics of predicate data flow diagrams is necessary. In this paper we use Z notation to define an abstract syntax and the related structural constraints for the PDFD notation, and provide it with an axiomatic semantics based on the concept of data availability and functionality of predicate operation. Finally, an example is given to establish functionality consistent decomposition on hierarchical PDFD (HPDFD).
文摘Generally speaking,grammaticalization is the abstraction of lexical items or constructions which have developed into the minimal grammatical units in a certain context.As a universal linguistic phenomenon,grammaticalization has attracted the attention of eastern and western scholars for a long time.However,it hadn't become a hot topic in the study of language until the beginning of the 1970s.It is widely agreed that a typical grammaticalization involves change at various levels,such as,phonemic,semantic/ pragmatic and morphosyntactic levels.In this paper we tend to study grammaticalization from the functional perspective and take semantic/functional change involved in it as our focus in order to deepen our understanding of grammaticalization phenomena.
文摘Today, the quantity of data continues to increase, furthermore, the data are heterogeneous, from multiple sources (structured, semi-structured and unstructured) and with different levels of quality. Therefore, it is very likely to manipulate data without knowledge about their structures and their semantics. In fact, the meta-data may be insufficient or totally absent. Data Anomalies may be due to the poverty of their semantic descriptions, or even the absence of their description. In this paper, we propose an approach to better understand the semantics and the structure of the data. Our approach helps to correct automatically the intra-column anomalies and the inter-col- umns ones. We aim to improve the quality of data by processing the null values and the semantic dependencies between columns.
文摘One of the interesting topics in grid computing systems is resources discovery. After the failure of a resource in a chain of resources made for a specific task in grid environment, discovering and finding a new resource that reconstructs the chain is an important topic. In this study, with defining new agent that is called task agent, and by proposing an algorithm, we will increase the fault tolerance against probable failure of a resource in the resource chain.
文摘English words in pairs are a special form of English idioms, which have different kinds and are used widely. For English learners, words in pairs are one of the difficult points. This paper discusses their form patterns, semantic relations, grammatical functions, rhetoric features and their application in translation. Its purpose is to help learners understand and use them accurately and correctly so as to improve language expressing ability.
文摘Both Chinese and English are rich in idioms, which contain abundant cultural information.There are many similarities between English and Chinese language, which make English idiom translation possible. However,due to their totally different linguistic and cultural systems, idioms used in Chinese and English differ considerably, which make English idiom translation difficult.This paper focuses on the study ofEnglish idiomtranslation under the guidance offunctional equivalence theory. The purpose of this study is to point out what should be considered in the process of English idiom translationby summarizingthe translation principles and skills.
基金supported by a grant from Ministry of Education,Taiwan,China under the Aiming for the Top University Plan at Taiwan Normal University,China
文摘Embodied semantics theory asserts that the meaning of action-related words is neurally represented through networks that overlap with or are identical to networks involved in sensory-motor processing. While some studies supporting this theory have focused on Chinese characters, less attention has been paid to their semantic radicals. Indeed, there is still disagreement about whether these radicals are processed independently. The present study investigated whether radicals are processed separately and, if so, whether this processing occurs in sensory-motor regions. Materials consisted of 72 high-frequency Chinese characters, with 18 in each of four categories： hand-action verbs with and without hand-radicals, and verbs not related to hand actions, with and without hand-radicals. Twenty-eight participants underwent functional MRI scans while reading the characters. Compared to characters without hand-radicals, reading characters with hand-radicals activated the right medial frontal gyrus. Verbs involving hand-action activated the left inferior parietal lobule, possibly reflecting integration of information in the radical with the semantic meaning of the verb. The findings may be consistent with embodied semantics theory and suggest that neural representation of radicals is indispensable in processing Chinese characters.
基金This work is supported in part by the Information Security Software Project(2020)of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,PR China under Grant CEIEC-2020-ZM02-0134.
文摘The byte stream is widely used in malware detection due to its independence of reverse engineering.However,existing methods based on the byte stream implement an indiscriminate feature extraction strategy,which ignores the byte function difference in different segments and fails to achieve targeted feature extraction for various byte semantic representation modes,resulting in byte semantic confusion.To address this issue,an enhanced adversarial byte function associated method for malware backdoor attack is proposed in this paper by categorizing various function bytes into three functions involving structure,code,and data.The Minhash algorithm,grayscale mapping,and state transition probability statistics are then used to capture byte semantics from the perspectives of text signature,spatial structure,and statistical aspects,respectively,to increase the accuracy of byte semantic representation.Finally,the three-channel malware feature image is constructed based on different function byte semantics,and a convolutional neural network is applied for detection.Experiments on multiple data sets from 2018 to 2021 show that the method can effectively combine byte functions to achieve targeted feature extraction,avoid byte semantic confusion,and improve the accuracy of malware detection.
