The management of rural sewage faces significant challenges due to the dispersed settlements and inadequate infrastructure characteristics of rural areas.One sustainable management solution is to use constructed wetla...The management of rural sewage faces significant challenges due to the dispersed settlements and inadequate infrastructure characteristics of rural areas.One sustainable management solution is to use constructed wetlands(CWs);however,traditional systems that rely on specific functional plants incur large maintenance costs.This study investigates an innovative approach that integrates native plants(Aster subulatus and Pterodactylus sp.)with functional plants(Arundo donax)in a horizontal subsurface CW(HSCW)to establish a self-sustaining symbiotic system that does not require human intervention.Over 365 days,the HSCW met stringent discharge standards by achieving mean removal efficiencies of 35.05%for chemical oxygen demand(COD_(Cr)),48.92%for ammonium nitrogen(NH^(+)_(4)-N),40.57%for total nitrogen(TN),and 27.61%for total phosphorus(TP).Microbial analysis identified Proteobacteria(34%),Actinobacteria(26%),and Bacteroidota(12%)as the dominant phyla,with rhizosphere communities influenced by plant-specific exudates and seasonal variations.Key nitrogen metabolism genes(nirB,nirD,nrfH)and genes coding for phosphorus-related enzymes(ppk,phoD)demonstrated seasonal adaptability driven by temperature fluctuations and plant-microbe interactions.Metagenomic sequencing revealed synergistic pathways,including nitrification-denitrification,dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium(DNRA),and polyphosphate synthesis,which contributed to pollutant removal.Native plant polyculture enhanced microbial diversity and stability and reduced reliance on artificial maintenance.These findings demonstrate that leveraging natural plant symbiosis in CWs enhances ecological and economic sustainability by promoting microbial resilience and self-regulating nutrient cycling.Overall,CWs offer a viable strategy for decentralized sewage treatment in rural locations or any areas characterized by scattered settlements and poor infrastructure.展开更多
基金supported by Jing-Jin-Ji Regional Integrated Environmental Improvement-National Science and Tech-nology Major Project(2025ZD1205400,2025ZD1205403)the Central Guidance Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project(2024ZY0130)+2 种基金Key R&D Program of Zhunger Banner(2024YF-07)National Natu2026ral Science Foundation of China(51838013),National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFD1100500)the Project of Inner Mongolia“Prairie Talents”Engineering Innovation Entrepreneurship Talent Team,and the Inno-vation Team of the Inner Mongolia Academy of Science and Technology(CXTD2023-01-016).
文摘The management of rural sewage faces significant challenges due to the dispersed settlements and inadequate infrastructure characteristics of rural areas.One sustainable management solution is to use constructed wetlands(CWs);however,traditional systems that rely on specific functional plants incur large maintenance costs.This study investigates an innovative approach that integrates native plants(Aster subulatus and Pterodactylus sp.)with functional plants(Arundo donax)in a horizontal subsurface CW(HSCW)to establish a self-sustaining symbiotic system that does not require human intervention.Over 365 days,the HSCW met stringent discharge standards by achieving mean removal efficiencies of 35.05%for chemical oxygen demand(COD_(Cr)),48.92%for ammonium nitrogen(NH^(+)_(4)-N),40.57%for total nitrogen(TN),and 27.61%for total phosphorus(TP).Microbial analysis identified Proteobacteria(34%),Actinobacteria(26%),and Bacteroidota(12%)as the dominant phyla,with rhizosphere communities influenced by plant-specific exudates and seasonal variations.Key nitrogen metabolism genes(nirB,nirD,nrfH)and genes coding for phosphorus-related enzymes(ppk,phoD)demonstrated seasonal adaptability driven by temperature fluctuations and plant-microbe interactions.Metagenomic sequencing revealed synergistic pathways,including nitrification-denitrification,dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium(DNRA),and polyphosphate synthesis,which contributed to pollutant removal.Native plant polyculture enhanced microbial diversity and stability and reduced reliance on artificial maintenance.These findings demonstrate that leveraging natural plant symbiosis in CWs enhances ecological and economic sustainability by promoting microbial resilience and self-regulating nutrient cycling.Overall,CWs offer a viable strategy for decentralized sewage treatment in rural locations or any areas characterized by scattered settlements and poor infrastructure.
