Mason Reset(MR),a groundbreaking invention by Clesson E.Mason in 1930 that later became a part of“the universal approach to process control instrumentation”,is revisited in this paper and is shown to consists of thr...Mason Reset(MR),a groundbreaking invention by Clesson E.Mason in 1930 that later became a part of“the universal approach to process control instrumentation”,is revisited in this paper and is shown to consists of three actions:fast(errorcorrection),medium(negative feedback for expanded proportional band)and slow(reset for zero steady-state error).The focus of the paper is on the reset action,generated from a positive feedback loop,and its underlying principles with profound implications to our understanding and practice of automatic control,both basic and advanced.For example,we note that reset control and integral control,contrary to common belief,differ fundamentally in design principle and in practicality.Such difference comes to a head in the event of integrator windup:while reset windup is a problem of actuator saturation,the integrator windup is a runaway situation due to controller instability.In fact,there is no advantage gained in replacing MR with an integrator.In other words,one should not integrate the error directly as in standard PID,since doing so makes the closed-loop system internally unstable.With MR-based control formulated in this paper,there is no such threat of instability and,therefore,no need for any anti-windup mechanisms.Furthermore,the integral control is made scalable in this framework as a tradeoff between the steady-state accuracy and the controller stability.This leads to a novel MR-based control design,scalable in gain and in time to accommodate various process characteristics and design specifications.Simple in construction and transparent in principle,this MR-based control,as a basic framework of design,is readily deployable in scale.展开更多
An improved model based on you only look once version 8(YOLOv8)is proposed to solve the problem of low detection accuracy due to the diversity of object sizes in optical remote sensing images.Firstly,the feature pyram...An improved model based on you only look once version 8(YOLOv8)is proposed to solve the problem of low detection accuracy due to the diversity of object sizes in optical remote sensing images.Firstly,the feature pyramid network(FPN)structure of the original YOLOv8 mode is replaced by the generalized-FPN(GFPN)structure in GiraffeDet to realize the"cross-layer"and"cross-scale"adaptive feature fusion,to enrich the semantic information and spatial information on the feature map to improve the target detection ability of the model.Secondly,a pyramid-pool module of multi atrous spatial pyramid pooling(MASPP)is designed by using the idea of atrous convolution and feature pyramid structure to extract multi-scale features,so as to improve the processing ability of the model for multi-scale objects.The experimental results show that the detection accuracy of the improved YOLOv8 model on DIOR dataset is 92%and mean average precision(mAP)is 87.9%,respectively 3.5%and 1.7%higher than those of the original model.It is proved the detection and classification ability of the proposed model on multi-dimensional optical remote sensing target has been improved.展开更多
Background The patient-reported Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale(DARS)has been adapted into Chinese,so there is a need to evaluate its measurement properties in a Chinese population.Aims To evaluate the reliability ...Background The patient-reported Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale(DARS)has been adapted into Chinese,so there is a need to evaluate its measurement properties in a Chinese population.Aims To evaluate the reliability and validity of the DARS among Chinese individuals with major depressive disorder(MDD)and its treatment sensitivity in a prospective clinical study.Methods Data were from a multicentre,prospective clinical study(NCT03294525),which recruited both patients with MDD,who were followed for 8 weeks,and healthy controls(HCs),assessed at baseline only.The analysis included confirmatory factor analysis,validity and sensitivity to change.Results Patients’mean(standard deviation(SD))age was 34.8(11.0)years,with 68.7%being female.75.2%of patients with MDD had melancholic features,followed by 63.8%with anxious distress.Patients had experienced MDD for a mean(SD)of 9.2(18)months.DARS scores covered the full range of severity with no major floor or ceiling effects.Confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate fit statistics(comparative fit index 0.976,goodness-of-fit index 0.935 and root mean square error of approximation 0.055).Convergent validity with anhedonia-related measures was confirmed.While the correlation between the DARS and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was not strong(r=0.31,baseline),the DARS was found to differentiate between levels of depression.Greater improvements in DARS scores were seen with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression responder group(effect size 1.16)compared with the non-responder group(effect size 0.46).Conclusions This study comprehensively evaluated the measurement properties of the DARS using a Chinese population with MDD.Overall,the Chinese version of DARS demonstrates good psychometric properties and has been found to be responsive to change during antidepressant treatment.The DARS is a suitable scale for assessing patient-reported anhedonia in future clinical trials.展开更多
Background The effectiveness of life skills-based prevention programs to prevent substance addiction has been underexplored in Türkiye,likely in part due to the lack of validated measurement tools developed speci...Background The effectiveness of life skills-based prevention programs to prevent substance addiction has been underexplored in Türkiye,likely in part due to the lack of validated measurement tools developed specifically for that purpose.Therefore,the aim of this study is to develop a tool to measure life skills for middle school students.The present study aims to test the factorial structure,reliability,convergent and discriminant validity,and measurement invariance across gender and age groups of the Green Crescent Life Skills(GCLS)Scale.Methods The study was conducted in Istanbul with two different sample groups.The first sample consisted of 566 and the second sample consisted of 885 middle school students.In the study,exploratory factor analysis(EFA)was applied to the first sample,and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)was applied to the second sample to test the factorial structure of the scale.Convergent and discriminant validity were examined to provide evidence for construct-based validity.The reliability of the scale was assessed with Cronbach’sα,composite reliability,McDonald’sω,and test-retest.Results The EFA results showed that the scale consisted of four factors(self-awareness,coping with negative emotions,thinking skills,and peer relations).CFA results also confirmed this structure.The results revealed a significant positive correlation(r=0.52,p<0.01)between life skills and avoidance self-efficacy scores,as well as a significant negative correlation(r=−0.53,p<0.01)between life skills and attitude toward drug use scores.Additionally,it was found that measurement invariances based on gender and age groups were provided.It was determined that all sub-dimensions had sufficient reliability levels.Conclusion The findings of this validation study show that the GCLS Scale,which assesses four skills in a self-reported format,is a valid and reliable scale with considerable potential utility in monitoring life skills in Turkish adolescent populations.展开更多
Loneliness is a complex and usually unpleasant emotional response to isolation,which has been considered the latest global health epidemic exacerbated by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic,affecting nearly twothird...Loneliness is a complex and usually unpleasant emotional response to isolation,which has been considered the latest global health epidemic exacerbated by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic,affecting nearly twothirds of older adults.Some profound health implications carried by loneliness include depression,cognitive impairment,hypertension and frailty.Across the world,there is no consensus definition of loneliness,and its measure is based on the phenomenological perspective of the individual.The 20-item University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale version 3(UCLA-20)is the most common measure.This scale demonstrates acceptable psychometric properties but is too long and complex for a phone interview.This paper addresses the increasing need to shorten this scale by adopting classical item response theory and network psychometrics to advance scale development.Through an item reduction analysis,we trimmed the original scale into an effective short form,which is as valid as the original one.With respondents’time at a premium in most research nowadays,this shortform scale is an efficient and practical alternative to the original UCLA-20.展开更多
BACKGROUND During the gradual decline of physical and social functioning associated with end-stage renal disease,patients might experience a premonition of impending death,resulting in a series of pre-mourning grief r...BACKGROUND During the gradual decline of physical and social functioning associated with end-stage renal disease,patients might experience a premonition of impending death,resulting in a series of pre-mourning grief responses called preparatory grief.The preparatory grief in advanced cancer patients(PGAC)scale is the most widely used preparatory grief scale for patients on hemodialysis in China.AIM To verify the reliability and validity of the PGAC scale in patients on hemodialysis.METHODS In total,327 patients undergoing regular hemodialysis in the blood purification center of three grade-A tertiary hospitals in Guangdong and Guizhou provinces were selected by convenience sampling.The assessment was administered using the general information questionnaire and the Chinese version of PGAC.SPSS 25.0 and Amos 24.0 were used for item analysis,confirmatory factor analysis(CFA),convergent validity,and internal consistency reliability estimation.RESULTS In the modified Chinese version of PGAC,7 dimensions covering 27 total items were retained.CFA revealed a good fit of the factor model(chi-square degree of freedom=2.056,standardized root mean square residual=0.0479,root mean square error of approximation=0.0570,GFI=0.872,AGFI=0.841,IFI=0.931,CFI=0.930,TLI=0.919).The factor loadings of the items ranged 0.503-0.884.The composite reliability ranged 0.664-0.914,and the average variance extracted ranged 0.366-0.747.Cronbach’sαof the scale was 0.945,and Cronbach’sαfor various dimensions ranged 0.662-0.914.CONCLUSION The modified PGAC has good reliability and validity,and it can effectively measure preparatory grief in patients on hemodialysis.展开更多
Objective:To translate,adapt,and validate the Indonesian version of the Prenatal Health Behavior Scale.Methods:This cross-sectional,cross-cultural adaptation study was conducted between September 2024 and October 2024...Objective:To translate,adapt,and validate the Indonesian version of the Prenatal Health Behavior Scale.Methods:This cross-sectional,cross-cultural adaptation study was conducted between September 2024 and October 2024 in Ngrambe and Sine,subdistricts in Ngawi,East Java,Indonesia.We selected participants using purposive convenience sampling and matched them with inclusion and exclusion criteria.We collected sociodemographic,Prenatal Health Behavior Scale,and anthropometrics(height,weight,body mass index,and middle-upper arm circumference)data.We analyzed the content validity using the content validity index and Gwet's chance-corrected Agreement Coefficient 2,face validity by pilot-testing on several pregnant women,and construct validity using exploratory factor analysis.We measured reliability using McDonald's omega coefficient.Results:We recruited 183 pregnant women in this study(median age 28 years).The item-content validity index(I-CVI)of all items was 1.00,with Gwet's chance-corrected Agreement Coefficient 2 was 0.945.The face validity resulted in a clear statement of all items.The exploratory factor analysis showed the two-factor model best suited to the questionnaire.Omega coefficients for the overall scale,health-impairing,and health-promoting domains were 0.696,0.507,and 0.678,respectively.Conclusions:The Indonesian version of the Prenatal Health Behavior Scale is a valid and reliable instrument to assess prenatal health behavior in Indonesian-speaking pregnant women.Future studies may implement this scale in community and clinical settings.展开更多
BACKGROUND Excessive oxidative stress plays a key role in the development of diabetic complications,including impaired ulcer healing.Previous studies have shown that fish scale ointment can promote wound healing.AIM T...BACKGROUND Excessive oxidative stress plays a key role in the development of diabetic complications,including impaired ulcer healing.Previous studies have shown that fish scale ointment can promote wound healing.AIM To preliminarily investigate the effect of fish scale ointment on wound healing in a diabetic foot ulcer(DFU)rat model by examining its regulation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)pathway and induction of ferroptosis.METHODS Fish scale ointment(collagen product)was prepared from 500 g of silver carp scales.A diabetic rat model was induced by high-fat and high-sugar feeding combined with intraperitoneal streptozotocin injections.For the DFU rat model,ulcer wounds were created by removing dorsal foot hair and cutting the skin to the fascia.The diabetic rats were randomized into five groups:Model,fish scale collagen(FSC),control+liproxstatin-1(Lip-1),model+Lip-1,and FSC+Lip-1.In each group,treatments were administered once daily by topical application and intraperitoneal injection for 14 days.Wound healing was evaluated on days 7 and 14 after treatment.Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to assess wound injury and capillary formation.Basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)and CD31 levels in wound tissue were measured by immunohistochemistry.Additionally,malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione(GSH),ferroptosis-associated genes,and iron ion concentrations were quantified using assay kits.Protein levels of Nrf2,heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)were determined using Western blotting.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the model group showed slower wound healing,reduced angiogenesis,decreased bFGF and CD31 levels,increased iron ion concentration and MDA levels,reduced GSH levels,and decreased Nrf2,HO-1,and GPX4 protein expression(all P<0.05).The FSC,model+Lip-1,and FSC+Lip-1 groups showed increased wound healing and angiogenesis,elevated bFGF and CD31 expression,lowered iron ion concentration and MDA levels,increased GSH levels,and enhanced Nrf2,HO-1,and GPX4 protein levels compared with the model group(P<0.05).Improvements were more pronounced in the FSC+Lip-1 group compared with the FSC group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Fish scale ointment promotes angiogenesis and wound healing in DFU rat models by inhibiting ferroptosis,possibly through the activation of the Nrf2 pathway.展开更多
The topographic factor(LS factor),derived from the multiplication of the slope length(L)and slope steepness(S)factors,is a vital parameter in soil erosion models.Generated from the digital elevation model(DEM),the LS ...The topographic factor(LS factor),derived from the multiplication of the slope length(L)and slope steepness(S)factors,is a vital parameter in soil erosion models.Generated from the digital elevation model(DEM),the LS factor always varies with the changing DEM resolution,i.e.,the LS factor scale effect.Previous studies have found the phenomenon of the LS factor scale effect,but the underlying causes of this phenomenon has not been well explored.Therefore,how the DEM resolution affects the LS factor and how the scale effect of the L and S factors influence the LS factor scale effect remains unclear.To address these problems,we collected 20 watersheds from the Guangdong Province with different topographic reliefs,and compared the corresponding L,S and LS factors at 10-m and 30-m resolution DEMs.Our results indicate that the S factor,heavily influenced by slope underestimation in coarse-resolution DEMs,makes a difference in the LS factor scale effect.In addition,the LS factor scale effect becomes less significant with increasing reliefs,suggesting the possibility of using 30-m DEM for LS calculation in rugged terrains.Our findings on the underlying mechanisms of the LS factor scale effect help to identify the uncertainty in the LS factor estimation,thereby enhancing the accuracy of soil erosion assessment,particularly in regions with different topographic characteristics and contribute to more effective soil conservation strategies and decision-making.展开更多
Background and Objective Patients with glioma experience a high symptom burden and have diverse palliative care needs.However,the assessment scales used in palliative care remain non-standardized and highly heterogene...Background and Objective Patients with glioma experience a high symptom burden and have diverse palliative care needs.However,the assessment scales used in palliative care remain non-standardized and highly heterogeneous.To evaluate the application patterns of the current scales used in palliative care for glioma,we aim to identify gaps and assess the need for disease-specific scales in glioma palliative care.Methods We conducted a systematic search of five databases including PubMed,Web of Science,Medline,EMBASE,and CINAHL for quantitative studies that reported scale-based assessments in glioma palliative care.We extracted data on scale characteristics,domains,frequency,and psychometric properties.Quality assessments were performed using the Cochrane ROB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools.Results Of the 3,405 records initially identified,72 studies were included.These studies contained 75 distinct scales that were used 193 times.Mood(21.7%),quality of life(24.4%),and supportive care needs(5.2%)assessments were the most frequently assessed items,exceeding half of all scale applications.Among the various assessment dimensions,the Distress Thermometer(DT)was the most frequently used tool for assessing mood,while the Short Form-36 Health Survey Questionnaire(SF-36)was the most frequently used tool for assessing quality of life.The Mini Mental Status Examination(MMSE)was the most common tool for cognitive assessment.Performance status(5.2%)and social support(6.8%)were underrepresented.Only three brain tumor-specific scales were identified.Caregiver-focused scales were limited and predominantly burden-oriented.Conclusions There are significant heterogeneity,domain imbalances,and validation gaps in the current use of assessment scales for patients with glioma receiving palliative care.The scale selected for use should be comprehensive and user-friendly.展开更多
Background:Excess submental fat(SMF)is a common facial aesthetic concern,and assessment scales play a crucial role in its evaluation.Existing SMF scales are based on Caucasian populations,although genetic background s...Background:Excess submental fat(SMF)is a common facial aesthetic concern,and assessment scales play a crucial role in its evaluation.Existing SMF scales are based on Caucasian populations,although genetic background significantly influences SMF distribution.Therefore,this study aimed to develop and validate a 5-point Chinese version of the Clinician-Reported Submental Fat Rating Scale(CR-SMFRS).Methods:The study included 150 volunteers,and captured photographs from the frontal,oblique,and lateral views were combined for each participant.A 5-point scale with descriptive criteria was primarily designed.Internal validation involved three experienced plastic surgeons,while external validation was conducted on 50 live volunteers by six additional raters.Intra-and inter-rater reliability were assessed.Results:A 5-point grading system with descriptive criteria was developed and validated as the Chinese CR-SMFRS.Internal validation demonstrated a good intra-and inter-rater consistency.During external validation,intraclass correlation coefficient values for each rater exceeded 0.850,indicating high intra-rater consistency.Moreover,the inter-rater reliability showed good consistency.Conclusion:The Chinese version of the SMF rating scale is a reliable tool for clinical use.展开更多
With growing interest in its potential applications across both stationary and transportation sectors,hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative for environmentally responsible power generation.By replacing tradi...With growing interest in its potential applications across both stationary and transportation sectors,hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative for environmentally responsible power generation.By replacing traditional fuels,hydrogen can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation sector.This study focuses on the design and downsizing of a green hydrogen fuel cell car,aiming to scale the concept for larger vehicles.Key components,including fuel cells,electrolysers,and solar panels,were evaluated through extensive laboratory testing.Thefindings reveal that variations in sunlight impact the solar panel’shydrogenproductionrate,withdifferences of approximately 4.9%attributed to changes in time and date.Analysis of consumption rates showed that a 17.4%increase in current consumption leads to a significant reduction in operational time.Further testing under varying loads demonstrated that higher current demands,such as those from a DC motor,accelerate hydrogen depletion,whereas lower currents extend operational duration.These results underscore the importance of maximizing solar energy efficiency,reducing reliance on conventional energy sources,and regulating consumption rates to optimize fuel cell performance.Since hydrogen is produced using renewable energy,fuel cell technology is virtually emission-free.Additionally,the study highlights the viability of powering vehicles with renewable energy,emphasizing the potential of green hydrogen fuel cell technology as a sustainable transportation solution.展开更多
Because the physiological characteristics and melanin regulation mechanism of zebrafish are highly similar with those of humans,it is of high reference value to use zebrafish model in the evaluation of cosmetic whiten...Because the physiological characteristics and melanin regulation mechanism of zebrafish are highly similar with those of humans,it is of high reference value to use zebrafish model in the evaluation of cosmetic whitening efficacy.In this study,zebrafish embryos are used as biological models to evaluate the whitening efficacy of six kinds of cosmetics raw materials,such as antioxidant,preservative and essence,and the formula of facial cleanser and facial mask products,and the limitations of the zebrafish melanin production grayscale detection method in practical application are discussed.The results show that the selection of different types of components can also reduce the production of melanin and show whitening effect.It can be seen that the gray scale method of melanin production in zebrafish is suitable for the evaluation of the efficacy of raw materials.In practical application,due to the complexity of the formula,the toxic effects of different types of ingredients may interfere with the melanin generation of zebrafish,affecting the judgment and evaluation of whitening efficacy.For the detection of whitening efficacy of products,a comprehensive evaluation system should be built together with other methods to accurately evaluate the whitening efficacy.展开更多
Objectives:Schizophrenia is a profoundly stigmatized mental health condition,characterized by misconceptions that affect societal attitudes,policy development,and the lived experiences of individuals with the conditio...Objectives:Schizophrenia is a profoundly stigmatized mental health condition,characterized by misconceptions that affect societal attitudes,policy development,and the lived experiences of individuals with the condition.This study aimed to develop and validate a multidimensional scale for assessing societal stigma towards schizophrenia,while exploring how demographic factors influence such attitudes.Methods:Drawing on an extensive literature review and consultations,the study identified five domains of stigma:Workplace Capability,Intimate Relationships,Autonomy,Risk Perception,and Recovery.Using a two-phase methodology,a preliminary 38-itemscale was administered to 729 participants from the general Spanish population,refining the measure through descriptive and exploratory factor analysis.Subsequently,a revised 34-item scale was validated through confirmatory factor analysis with an independent sample of 417 participants.Results:The final model showed good fit(RMSEA=0.056,CFI=0.938,TLI=0.933)and strong internal consistency(α=0.73–0.86).Findings revealed that stigma was most pronounced in the domain of Autonomy(Mean=2.83,SD=0.91),reflecting pervasive doubts about individuals’ability to live independently and achieve meaningful integration into society.Stigma varied significantly across demographic variables,with higher levels reported among men,older individuals,married participants,and those outside health professions(p<0.01).Conversely,healthcare professionals,younger individuals,and those familiar with someone with schizophrenia generally reported less stigma(p<0.01).Conclusion:This study developed and validated a robust multidimensional scale for assessing societal stigma toward schizophrenia.The five-factor model—Workplace Capability,Intimate Relationships,Autonomy,Risk Perception,and Recovery—was empirically supported.Autonomy and Recovery emerged as themost stigmatized domains across the Spanish general population.The scale demonstrated strong psychometric properties and effectively captured stigma patterns linked to key sociodemographic variables.展开更多
Large interfacial strains in particles are crucial for promoting bonding in cold spraying(CS),initiated either by adiabatic shear instability(ASI)due to softening prevailing over strain hardening or by hydrostatic pla...Large interfacial strains in particles are crucial for promoting bonding in cold spraying(CS),initiated either by adiabatic shear instability(ASI)due to softening prevailing over strain hardening or by hydrostatic plasticity,which is claimed to promote bonding even without ASI.A thorough microstructural analysis is vital to fully understand the bonding mechanisms at play during microparticle impacts and throughout the CS process.In this study,the HEA CoCrFeMnNi,known for its relatively high strain hardening and resistance to softening,was selected to investigate the microstructure characteristics and bonding mech-anisms in CS.This study used characterization techniques covering a range of length scales,including electron channeling contrast imaging(ECCI),electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD),and high-resolution transmission microscopy(HR-TEM),to explore the microstructure characteristics of bonding and overall structure development of CoCrFeMnNi microparticles after impact in CS.HR-TEM lamellae were prepared using focused ion beam milling.Additionally,the effects of deformation field variables on microstructure development were determined through finite element modeling(FEM)of microparticle impacts.The ECCI,EBSD,and HR-TEM analyses revealed an interplay between dislocation-driven processes and twinning,leading to the development of four distinct deformation microstructures.Significant grain refinement occurs at the interface through continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX)due to high strain and temperature rise from adiabatic deformation,signs of softening,and ASI.Near the interface,a necklace-like structure of refined grains forms around grain boundaries,along with elongated grains,resulting from the coexistence of dynamic recovery and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization(DDRX)due to lower temperature rise and strain.Towards the particle or substrate interior,concurrent twinning and dislocation-mediated mechanisms refine the structure,forming straight,curved,and intersected twins.At the top of the particles,only deformed grains with a low dislocation density are observed.Our results showed that DRX induces microstructure softening in highly strained interface areas,facilitating atomic bonding in CoCrFeMnNi.HR-TEM investigation confirms the formation of atomic bonds between particles and substrate,with a gradual change in crystal lattice orientation from the particle to the substrate and the occurrence of some misfit dislocations and vacancies at the interface.Finally,the findings of this research suggest that softening and ASI,even in materials resistant to softening,are required to establish bonding in CS.展开更多
Joint surface roughness is comprised of two components:large-scale(waviness,first-order)and smallscale(unevenness,second-order).To investigate the scale effect of two-order roughness,a surface area method is used to s...Joint surface roughness is comprised of two components:large-scale(waviness,first-order)and smallscale(unevenness,second-order).To investigate the scale effect of two-order roughness,a surface area method is used to separate the waviness and unevenness from the whole joint surface of each size.The results show that as the joint size increases,the first-order roughness exhibits a decrease,whereas the second-order roughness remains constant.This indicates that the roughness scale effect is primarily attributed to the waviness.Then,the influence of two-order roughness on the scale effect of joint shear strength is examined through a series of laboratory tests.The test results reveal a negative scale effect on the peak friction angle,which exhibits a strong correlation with the first-order roughness.The decrease in the peak friction angle with normal stress can be attributed primarily to the degradation of second-order roughness,which shows a negative exponential trend.Finally,an empirical model for estimating the peak friction angle of rock joints at different scales is proposed based on two-order roughness.The prediction accuracy of this model is validated by comparing the existing criteria.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To investigate possible associations between physical function assessment scales,such as Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB)and Berg Balance Scale(BBS),with all-cause mortality in acute decompensated he...OBJECTIVE To investigate possible associations between physical function assessment scales,such as Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB)and Berg Balance Scale(BBS),with all-cause mortality in acute decompensated heart failure(ADHF)patients.METHODS A total of 108 ADHF patients were analyzed from October 2020 to October 2022,and followed up to May 2023.The association between baseline clinical characteristics and all-cause mortality was analyzed by univariate Cox regression analysis,while for SPPB and BBS,univariate Cox regression analysis was followed by receiver operating characteristic curves,in which the area under the curve represented their predictive accuracy for all-cause mortality.Incremental predictive values for both physical function assessments were measured by calculating net reclassification index and integrated discrimination improvement scores.Optimal cutoff value for BBS was then identified using restricted cubic spline plots,and survival differences below and above that cut-off were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the log-rank test.The clinical utility of BBS was measured using decision curve analysis.RESULTS For baseline characteristics,age,female,blood urea nitrogen,as well as statins,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors,angiotensin II receptor blockers,or angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors,were predictive for all-cause mortality for ADHF patients.With respect to SPPB and BBS,higher scores were associated with lower all-cause mortality rates for both assessments;similar area under the curves were measured for both(0.774 for SPPB and 0.776 for BBS).Furthermore,BBS≤36.5 was associated with significantly higher mortality,which was still applicable even adjusting for confounding factors;BBS was also found to have great clinical utility under decision curve analysis.CONCLUSIONS BBS or SPPB could be used as tools to assess physical function in ageing ADHF patients,as well as prognosticate on all-cause mortality.Moreover,prioritizing the improvement of balance capabilities of ADHF patients in cardiac rehabilitation regimens could aid in lowering mortality risk.展开更多
We propose a hierarchical multi-scale attention mechanism-based model in response to the low accuracy and inefficient manual classification of existing oceanic biological image classification methods. Firstly, the hie...We propose a hierarchical multi-scale attention mechanism-based model in response to the low accuracy and inefficient manual classification of existing oceanic biological image classification methods. Firstly, the hierarchical efficient multi-scale attention(H-EMA) module is designed for lightweight feature extraction, achieving outstanding performance at a relatively low cost. Secondly, an improved EfficientNetV2 block is used to integrate information from different scales better and enhance inter-layer message passing. Furthermore, introducing the convolutional block attention module(CBAM) enhances the model's perception of critical features, optimizing its generalization ability. Lastly, Focal Loss is introduced to adjust the weights of complex samples to address the issue of imbalanced categories in the dataset, further improving the model's performance. The model achieved 96.11% accuracy on the intertidal marine organism dataset of Nanji Islands and 84.78% accuracy on the CIFAR-100 dataset, demonstrating its strong generalization ability to meet the demands of oceanic biological image classification.展开更多
文摘Mason Reset(MR),a groundbreaking invention by Clesson E.Mason in 1930 that later became a part of“the universal approach to process control instrumentation”,is revisited in this paper and is shown to consists of three actions:fast(errorcorrection),medium(negative feedback for expanded proportional band)and slow(reset for zero steady-state error).The focus of the paper is on the reset action,generated from a positive feedback loop,and its underlying principles with profound implications to our understanding and practice of automatic control,both basic and advanced.For example,we note that reset control and integral control,contrary to common belief,differ fundamentally in design principle and in practicality.Such difference comes to a head in the event of integrator windup:while reset windup is a problem of actuator saturation,the integrator windup is a runaway situation due to controller instability.In fact,there is no advantage gained in replacing MR with an integrator.In other words,one should not integrate the error directly as in standard PID,since doing so makes the closed-loop system internally unstable.With MR-based control formulated in this paper,there is no such threat of instability and,therefore,no need for any anti-windup mechanisms.Furthermore,the integral control is made scalable in this framework as a tradeoff between the steady-state accuracy and the controller stability.This leads to a novel MR-based control design,scalable in gain and in time to accommodate various process characteristics and design specifications.Simple in construction and transparent in principle,this MR-based control,as a basic framework of design,is readily deployable in scale.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62241109)the Tianjin Science and Technology Commissioner Project(No.20YDTPJC01110)。
文摘An improved model based on you only look once version 8(YOLOv8)is proposed to solve the problem of low detection accuracy due to the diversity of object sizes in optical remote sensing images.Firstly,the feature pyramid network(FPN)structure of the original YOLOv8 mode is replaced by the generalized-FPN(GFPN)structure in GiraffeDet to realize the"cross-layer"and"cross-scale"adaptive feature fusion,to enrich the semantic information and spatial information on the feature map to improve the target detection ability of the model.Secondly,a pyramid-pool module of multi atrous spatial pyramid pooling(MASPP)is designed by using the idea of atrous convolution and feature pyramid structure to extract multi-scale features,so as to improve the processing ability of the model for multi-scale objects.The experimental results show that the detection accuracy of the improved YOLOv8 model on DIOR dataset is 92%and mean average precision(mAP)is 87.9%,respectively 3.5%and 1.7%higher than those of the original model.It is proved the detection and classification ability of the proposed model on multi-dimensional optical remote sensing target has been improved.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82371530,82171529)the Capital Health Development Special Research Project(2022-1-4111)the National Key Technology R and D Program(No.2015BAI13B01).
文摘Background The patient-reported Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale(DARS)has been adapted into Chinese,so there is a need to evaluate its measurement properties in a Chinese population.Aims To evaluate the reliability and validity of the DARS among Chinese individuals with major depressive disorder(MDD)and its treatment sensitivity in a prospective clinical study.Methods Data were from a multicentre,prospective clinical study(NCT03294525),which recruited both patients with MDD,who were followed for 8 weeks,and healthy controls(HCs),assessed at baseline only.The analysis included confirmatory factor analysis,validity and sensitivity to change.Results Patients’mean(standard deviation(SD))age was 34.8(11.0)years,with 68.7%being female.75.2%of patients with MDD had melancholic features,followed by 63.8%with anxious distress.Patients had experienced MDD for a mean(SD)of 9.2(18)months.DARS scores covered the full range of severity with no major floor or ceiling effects.Confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate fit statistics(comparative fit index 0.976,goodness-of-fit index 0.935 and root mean square error of approximation 0.055).Convergent validity with anhedonia-related measures was confirmed.While the correlation between the DARS and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was not strong(r=0.31,baseline),the DARS was found to differentiate between levels of depression.Greater improvements in DARS scores were seen with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression responder group(effect size 1.16)compared with the non-responder group(effect size 0.46).Conclusions This study comprehensively evaluated the measurement properties of the DARS using a Chinese population with MDD.Overall,the Chinese version of DARS demonstrates good psychometric properties and has been found to be responsive to change during antidepressant treatment.The DARS is a suitable scale for assessing patient-reported anhedonia in future clinical trials.
基金supported by the Turkish Green Crescent Society under Grant[41402653-160-6/333].
文摘Background The effectiveness of life skills-based prevention programs to prevent substance addiction has been underexplored in Türkiye,likely in part due to the lack of validated measurement tools developed specifically for that purpose.Therefore,the aim of this study is to develop a tool to measure life skills for middle school students.The present study aims to test the factorial structure,reliability,convergent and discriminant validity,and measurement invariance across gender and age groups of the Green Crescent Life Skills(GCLS)Scale.Methods The study was conducted in Istanbul with two different sample groups.The first sample consisted of 566 and the second sample consisted of 885 middle school students.In the study,exploratory factor analysis(EFA)was applied to the first sample,and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)was applied to the second sample to test the factorial structure of the scale.Convergent and discriminant validity were examined to provide evidence for construct-based validity.The reliability of the scale was assessed with Cronbach’sα,composite reliability,McDonald’sω,and test-retest.Results The EFA results showed that the scale consisted of four factors(self-awareness,coping with negative emotions,thinking skills,and peer relations).CFA results also confirmed this structure.The results revealed a significant positive correlation(r=0.52,p<0.01)between life skills and avoidance self-efficacy scores,as well as a significant negative correlation(r=−0.53,p<0.01)between life skills and attitude toward drug use scores.Additionally,it was found that measurement invariances based on gender and age groups were provided.It was determined that all sub-dimensions had sufficient reliability levels.Conclusion The findings of this validation study show that the GCLS Scale,which assesses four skills in a self-reported format,is a valid and reliable scale with considerable potential utility in monitoring life skills in Turkish adolescent populations.
文摘Loneliness is a complex and usually unpleasant emotional response to isolation,which has been considered the latest global health epidemic exacerbated by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic,affecting nearly twothirds of older adults.Some profound health implications carried by loneliness include depression,cognitive impairment,hypertension and frailty.Across the world,there is no consensus definition of loneliness,and its measure is based on the phenomenological perspective of the individual.The 20-item University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale version 3(UCLA-20)is the most common measure.This scale demonstrates acceptable psychometric properties but is too long and complex for a phone interview.This paper addresses the increasing need to shorten this scale by adopting classical item response theory and network psychometrics to advance scale development.Through an item reduction analysis,we trimmed the original scale into an effective short form,which is as valid as the original one.With respondents’time at a premium in most research nowadays,this shortform scale is an efficient and practical alternative to the original UCLA-20.
文摘BACKGROUND During the gradual decline of physical and social functioning associated with end-stage renal disease,patients might experience a premonition of impending death,resulting in a series of pre-mourning grief responses called preparatory grief.The preparatory grief in advanced cancer patients(PGAC)scale is the most widely used preparatory grief scale for patients on hemodialysis in China.AIM To verify the reliability and validity of the PGAC scale in patients on hemodialysis.METHODS In total,327 patients undergoing regular hemodialysis in the blood purification center of three grade-A tertiary hospitals in Guangdong and Guizhou provinces were selected by convenience sampling.The assessment was administered using the general information questionnaire and the Chinese version of PGAC.SPSS 25.0 and Amos 24.0 were used for item analysis,confirmatory factor analysis(CFA),convergent validity,and internal consistency reliability estimation.RESULTS In the modified Chinese version of PGAC,7 dimensions covering 27 total items were retained.CFA revealed a good fit of the factor model(chi-square degree of freedom=2.056,standardized root mean square residual=0.0479,root mean square error of approximation=0.0570,GFI=0.872,AGFI=0.841,IFI=0.931,CFI=0.930,TLI=0.919).The factor loadings of the items ranged 0.503-0.884.The composite reliability ranged 0.664-0.914,and the average variance extracted ranged 0.366-0.747.Cronbach’sαof the scale was 0.945,and Cronbach’sαfor various dimensions ranged 0.662-0.914.CONCLUSION The modified PGAC has good reliability and validity,and it can effectively measure preparatory grief in patients on hemodialysis.
文摘Objective:To translate,adapt,and validate the Indonesian version of the Prenatal Health Behavior Scale.Methods:This cross-sectional,cross-cultural adaptation study was conducted between September 2024 and October 2024 in Ngrambe and Sine,subdistricts in Ngawi,East Java,Indonesia.We selected participants using purposive convenience sampling and matched them with inclusion and exclusion criteria.We collected sociodemographic,Prenatal Health Behavior Scale,and anthropometrics(height,weight,body mass index,and middle-upper arm circumference)data.We analyzed the content validity using the content validity index and Gwet's chance-corrected Agreement Coefficient 2,face validity by pilot-testing on several pregnant women,and construct validity using exploratory factor analysis.We measured reliability using McDonald's omega coefficient.Results:We recruited 183 pregnant women in this study(median age 28 years).The item-content validity index(I-CVI)of all items was 1.00,with Gwet's chance-corrected Agreement Coefficient 2 was 0.945.The face validity resulted in a clear statement of all items.The exploratory factor analysis showed the two-factor model best suited to the questionnaire.Omega coefficients for the overall scale,health-impairing,and health-promoting domains were 0.696,0.507,and 0.678,respectively.Conclusions:The Indonesian version of the Prenatal Health Behavior Scale is a valid and reliable instrument to assess prenatal health behavior in Indonesian-speaking pregnant women.Future studies may implement this scale in community and clinical settings.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82172095Qingdao Municipal Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project,No.2022-zyym03.
文摘BACKGROUND Excessive oxidative stress plays a key role in the development of diabetic complications,including impaired ulcer healing.Previous studies have shown that fish scale ointment can promote wound healing.AIM To preliminarily investigate the effect of fish scale ointment on wound healing in a diabetic foot ulcer(DFU)rat model by examining its regulation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)pathway and induction of ferroptosis.METHODS Fish scale ointment(collagen product)was prepared from 500 g of silver carp scales.A diabetic rat model was induced by high-fat and high-sugar feeding combined with intraperitoneal streptozotocin injections.For the DFU rat model,ulcer wounds were created by removing dorsal foot hair and cutting the skin to the fascia.The diabetic rats were randomized into five groups:Model,fish scale collagen(FSC),control+liproxstatin-1(Lip-1),model+Lip-1,and FSC+Lip-1.In each group,treatments were administered once daily by topical application and intraperitoneal injection for 14 days.Wound healing was evaluated on days 7 and 14 after treatment.Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to assess wound injury and capillary formation.Basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)and CD31 levels in wound tissue were measured by immunohistochemistry.Additionally,malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione(GSH),ferroptosis-associated genes,and iron ion concentrations were quantified using assay kits.Protein levels of Nrf2,heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)were determined using Western blotting.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the model group showed slower wound healing,reduced angiogenesis,decreased bFGF and CD31 levels,increased iron ion concentration and MDA levels,reduced GSH levels,and decreased Nrf2,HO-1,and GPX4 protein expression(all P<0.05).The FSC,model+Lip-1,and FSC+Lip-1 groups showed increased wound healing and angiogenesis,elevated bFGF and CD31 expression,lowered iron ion concentration and MDA levels,increased GSH levels,and enhanced Nrf2,HO-1,and GPX4 protein levels compared with the model group(P<0.05).Improvements were more pronounced in the FSC+Lip-1 group compared with the FSC group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Fish scale ointment promotes angiogenesis and wound healing in DFU rat models by inhibiting ferroptosis,possibly through the activation of the Nrf2 pathway.
基金funded by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2021B0301030007)the Supplemental Funds for Major Scientific Research Projects of Beijing Normal University,Zhuhai(ZHPT2023013)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42301387)the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong(No.2024B1212070012)。
文摘The topographic factor(LS factor),derived from the multiplication of the slope length(L)and slope steepness(S)factors,is a vital parameter in soil erosion models.Generated from the digital elevation model(DEM),the LS factor always varies with the changing DEM resolution,i.e.,the LS factor scale effect.Previous studies have found the phenomenon of the LS factor scale effect,but the underlying causes of this phenomenon has not been well explored.Therefore,how the DEM resolution affects the LS factor and how the scale effect of the L and S factors influence the LS factor scale effect remains unclear.To address these problems,we collected 20 watersheds from the Guangdong Province with different topographic reliefs,and compared the corresponding L,S and LS factors at 10-m and 30-m resolution DEMs.Our results indicate that the S factor,heavily influenced by slope underestimation in coarse-resolution DEMs,makes a difference in the LS factor scale effect.In addition,the LS factor scale effect becomes less significant with increasing reliefs,suggesting the possibility of using 30-m DEM for LS calculation in rugged terrains.Our findings on the underlying mechanisms of the LS factor scale effect help to identify the uncertainty in the LS factor estimation,thereby enhancing the accuracy of soil erosion assessment,particularly in regions with different topographic characteristics and contribute to more effective soil conservation strategies and decision-making.
文摘Background and Objective Patients with glioma experience a high symptom burden and have diverse palliative care needs.However,the assessment scales used in palliative care remain non-standardized and highly heterogeneous.To evaluate the application patterns of the current scales used in palliative care for glioma,we aim to identify gaps and assess the need for disease-specific scales in glioma palliative care.Methods We conducted a systematic search of five databases including PubMed,Web of Science,Medline,EMBASE,and CINAHL for quantitative studies that reported scale-based assessments in glioma palliative care.We extracted data on scale characteristics,domains,frequency,and psychometric properties.Quality assessments were performed using the Cochrane ROB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools.Results Of the 3,405 records initially identified,72 studies were included.These studies contained 75 distinct scales that were used 193 times.Mood(21.7%),quality of life(24.4%),and supportive care needs(5.2%)assessments were the most frequently assessed items,exceeding half of all scale applications.Among the various assessment dimensions,the Distress Thermometer(DT)was the most frequently used tool for assessing mood,while the Short Form-36 Health Survey Questionnaire(SF-36)was the most frequently used tool for assessing quality of life.The Mini Mental Status Examination(MMSE)was the most common tool for cognitive assessment.Performance status(5.2%)and social support(6.8%)were underrepresented.Only three brain tumor-specific scales were identified.Caregiver-focused scales were limited and predominantly burden-oriented.Conclusions There are significant heterogeneity,domain imbalances,and validation gaps in the current use of assessment scales for patients with glioma receiving palliative care.The scale selected for use should be comprehensive and user-friendly.
基金supported by the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(grant no.2022-PUMCH-A-208).
文摘Background:Excess submental fat(SMF)is a common facial aesthetic concern,and assessment scales play a crucial role in its evaluation.Existing SMF scales are based on Caucasian populations,although genetic background significantly influences SMF distribution.Therefore,this study aimed to develop and validate a 5-point Chinese version of the Clinician-Reported Submental Fat Rating Scale(CR-SMFRS).Methods:The study included 150 volunteers,and captured photographs from the frontal,oblique,and lateral views were combined for each participant.A 5-point scale with descriptive criteria was primarily designed.Internal validation involved three experienced plastic surgeons,while external validation was conducted on 50 live volunteers by six additional raters.Intra-and inter-rater reliability were assessed.Results:A 5-point grading system with descriptive criteria was developed and validated as the Chinese CR-SMFRS.Internal validation demonstrated a good intra-and inter-rater consistency.During external validation,intraclass correlation coefficient values for each rater exceeded 0.850,indicating high intra-rater consistency.Moreover,the inter-rater reliability showed good consistency.Conclusion:The Chinese version of the SMF rating scale is a reliable tool for clinical use.
文摘With growing interest in its potential applications across both stationary and transportation sectors,hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative for environmentally responsible power generation.By replacing traditional fuels,hydrogen can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation sector.This study focuses on the design and downsizing of a green hydrogen fuel cell car,aiming to scale the concept for larger vehicles.Key components,including fuel cells,electrolysers,and solar panels,were evaluated through extensive laboratory testing.Thefindings reveal that variations in sunlight impact the solar panel’shydrogenproductionrate,withdifferences of approximately 4.9%attributed to changes in time and date.Analysis of consumption rates showed that a 17.4%increase in current consumption leads to a significant reduction in operational time.Further testing under varying loads demonstrated that higher current demands,such as those from a DC motor,accelerate hydrogen depletion,whereas lower currents extend operational duration.These results underscore the importance of maximizing solar energy efficiency,reducing reliance on conventional energy sources,and regulating consumption rates to optimize fuel cell performance.Since hydrogen is produced using renewable energy,fuel cell technology is virtually emission-free.Additionally,the study highlights the viability of powering vehicles with renewable energy,emphasizing the potential of green hydrogen fuel cell technology as a sustainable transportation solution.
文摘Because the physiological characteristics and melanin regulation mechanism of zebrafish are highly similar with those of humans,it is of high reference value to use zebrafish model in the evaluation of cosmetic whitening efficacy.In this study,zebrafish embryos are used as biological models to evaluate the whitening efficacy of six kinds of cosmetics raw materials,such as antioxidant,preservative and essence,and the formula of facial cleanser and facial mask products,and the limitations of the zebrafish melanin production grayscale detection method in practical application are discussed.The results show that the selection of different types of components can also reduce the production of melanin and show whitening effect.It can be seen that the gray scale method of melanin production in zebrafish is suitable for the evaluation of the efficacy of raw materials.In practical application,due to the complexity of the formula,the toxic effects of different types of ingredients may interfere with the melanin generation of zebrafish,affecting the judgment and evaluation of whitening efficacy.For the detection of whitening efficacy of products,a comprehensive evaluation system should be built together with other methods to accurately evaluate the whitening efficacy.
文摘Objectives:Schizophrenia is a profoundly stigmatized mental health condition,characterized by misconceptions that affect societal attitudes,policy development,and the lived experiences of individuals with the condition.This study aimed to develop and validate a multidimensional scale for assessing societal stigma towards schizophrenia,while exploring how demographic factors influence such attitudes.Methods:Drawing on an extensive literature review and consultations,the study identified five domains of stigma:Workplace Capability,Intimate Relationships,Autonomy,Risk Perception,and Recovery.Using a two-phase methodology,a preliminary 38-itemscale was administered to 729 participants from the general Spanish population,refining the measure through descriptive and exploratory factor analysis.Subsequently,a revised 34-item scale was validated through confirmatory factor analysis with an independent sample of 417 participants.Results:The final model showed good fit(RMSEA=0.056,CFI=0.938,TLI=0.933)and strong internal consistency(α=0.73–0.86).Findings revealed that stigma was most pronounced in the domain of Autonomy(Mean=2.83,SD=0.91),reflecting pervasive doubts about individuals’ability to live independently and achieve meaningful integration into society.Stigma varied significantly across demographic variables,with higher levels reported among men,older individuals,married participants,and those outside health professions(p<0.01).Conversely,healthcare professionals,younger individuals,and those familiar with someone with schizophrenia generally reported less stigma(p<0.01).Conclusion:This study developed and validated a robust multidimensional scale for assessing societal stigma toward schizophrenia.The five-factor model—Workplace Capability,Intimate Relationships,Autonomy,Risk Perception,and Recovery—was empirically supported.Autonomy and Recovery emerged as themost stigmatized domains across the Spanish general population.The scale demonstrated strong psychometric properties and effectively captured stigma patterns linked to key sociodemographic variables.
文摘Large interfacial strains in particles are crucial for promoting bonding in cold spraying(CS),initiated either by adiabatic shear instability(ASI)due to softening prevailing over strain hardening or by hydrostatic plasticity,which is claimed to promote bonding even without ASI.A thorough microstructural analysis is vital to fully understand the bonding mechanisms at play during microparticle impacts and throughout the CS process.In this study,the HEA CoCrFeMnNi,known for its relatively high strain hardening and resistance to softening,was selected to investigate the microstructure characteristics and bonding mech-anisms in CS.This study used characterization techniques covering a range of length scales,including electron channeling contrast imaging(ECCI),electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD),and high-resolution transmission microscopy(HR-TEM),to explore the microstructure characteristics of bonding and overall structure development of CoCrFeMnNi microparticles after impact in CS.HR-TEM lamellae were prepared using focused ion beam milling.Additionally,the effects of deformation field variables on microstructure development were determined through finite element modeling(FEM)of microparticle impacts.The ECCI,EBSD,and HR-TEM analyses revealed an interplay between dislocation-driven processes and twinning,leading to the development of four distinct deformation microstructures.Significant grain refinement occurs at the interface through continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX)due to high strain and temperature rise from adiabatic deformation,signs of softening,and ASI.Near the interface,a necklace-like structure of refined grains forms around grain boundaries,along with elongated grains,resulting from the coexistence of dynamic recovery and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization(DDRX)due to lower temperature rise and strain.Towards the particle or substrate interior,concurrent twinning and dislocation-mediated mechanisms refine the structure,forming straight,curved,and intersected twins.At the top of the particles,only deformed grains with a low dislocation density are observed.Our results showed that DRX induces microstructure softening in highly strained interface areas,facilitating atomic bonding in CoCrFeMnNi.HR-TEM investigation confirms the formation of atomic bonds between particles and substrate,with a gradual change in crystal lattice orientation from the particle to the substrate and the occurrence of some misfit dislocations and vacancies at the interface.Finally,the findings of this research suggest that softening and ASI,even in materials resistant to softening,are required to establish bonding in CS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42272333 and 42377154)the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2023J085).
文摘Joint surface roughness is comprised of two components:large-scale(waviness,first-order)and smallscale(unevenness,second-order).To investigate the scale effect of two-order roughness,a surface area method is used to separate the waviness and unevenness from the whole joint surface of each size.The results show that as the joint size increases,the first-order roughness exhibits a decrease,whereas the second-order roughness remains constant.This indicates that the roughness scale effect is primarily attributed to the waviness.Then,the influence of two-order roughness on the scale effect of joint shear strength is examined through a series of laboratory tests.The test results reveal a negative scale effect on the peak friction angle,which exhibits a strong correlation with the first-order roughness.The decrease in the peak friction angle with normal stress can be attributed primarily to the degradation of second-order roughness,which shows a negative exponential trend.Finally,an empirical model for estimating the peak friction angle of rock joints at different scales is proposed based on two-order roughness.The prediction accuracy of this model is validated by comparing the existing criteria.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Special Project of the Autonomous Region(No.2022B03023-3)the Key Supported Discipline of Health System in Shanghai(No.2023ZDFC0302)。
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate possible associations between physical function assessment scales,such as Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB)and Berg Balance Scale(BBS),with all-cause mortality in acute decompensated heart failure(ADHF)patients.METHODS A total of 108 ADHF patients were analyzed from October 2020 to October 2022,and followed up to May 2023.The association between baseline clinical characteristics and all-cause mortality was analyzed by univariate Cox regression analysis,while for SPPB and BBS,univariate Cox regression analysis was followed by receiver operating characteristic curves,in which the area under the curve represented their predictive accuracy for all-cause mortality.Incremental predictive values for both physical function assessments were measured by calculating net reclassification index and integrated discrimination improvement scores.Optimal cutoff value for BBS was then identified using restricted cubic spline plots,and survival differences below and above that cut-off were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the log-rank test.The clinical utility of BBS was measured using decision curve analysis.RESULTS For baseline characteristics,age,female,blood urea nitrogen,as well as statins,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors,angiotensin II receptor blockers,or angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors,were predictive for all-cause mortality for ADHF patients.With respect to SPPB and BBS,higher scores were associated with lower all-cause mortality rates for both assessments;similar area under the curves were measured for both(0.774 for SPPB and 0.776 for BBS).Furthermore,BBS≤36.5 was associated with significantly higher mortality,which was still applicable even adjusting for confounding factors;BBS was also found to have great clinical utility under decision curve analysis.CONCLUSIONS BBS or SPPB could be used as tools to assess physical function in ageing ADHF patients,as well as prognosticate on all-cause mortality.Moreover,prioritizing the improvement of balance capabilities of ADHF patients in cardiac rehabilitation regimens could aid in lowering mortality risk.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.61806107 and 61702135)。
文摘We propose a hierarchical multi-scale attention mechanism-based model in response to the low accuracy and inefficient manual classification of existing oceanic biological image classification methods. Firstly, the hierarchical efficient multi-scale attention(H-EMA) module is designed for lightweight feature extraction, achieving outstanding performance at a relatively low cost. Secondly, an improved EfficientNetV2 block is used to integrate information from different scales better and enhance inter-layer message passing. Furthermore, introducing the convolutional block attention module(CBAM) enhances the model's perception of critical features, optimizing its generalization ability. Lastly, Focal Loss is introduced to adjust the weights of complex samples to address the issue of imbalanced categories in the dataset, further improving the model's performance. The model achieved 96.11% accuracy on the intertidal marine organism dataset of Nanji Islands and 84.78% accuracy on the CIFAR-100 dataset, demonstrating its strong generalization ability to meet the demands of oceanic biological image classification.
