Robert James Waller （1939-2014） does not catch readers＇ attention until his popular novel The Bridges of Madison County （1996） wins him great admirations since its publication in 1992 which brings him instant suc...Robert James Waller （1939-2014） does not catch readers＇ attention until his popular novel The Bridges of Madison County （1996） wins him great admirations since its publication in 1992 which brings him instant success. The story explores the dilemma between responsibility of family and fulfillment of desires. Set in America in the 1960s, the novel is woven by the romantic story of the two middle-aged man and woman after they countered and gathered together for four days. Though simple in plot, it really deserves detailed interpretation and appreciation. This paper will mainly discuss Kincaid＇s cultural values reflected not only in the romance between his lover and him, but also in his attitudes towards women＇s rights.展开更多
This article examines the late Qing urban transformation as a conscious effort by reformist officials, like Zhang Zhidong, to confront imperialist expansion and the challenges of the treaty port system during the dyna...This article examines the late Qing urban transformation as a conscious effort by reformist officials, like Zhang Zhidong, to confront imperialist expansion and the challenges of the treaty port system during the dynasty＇s last decades. It shows how ＂commercial warfare （shangzharo＂ thought among the urban, reformist elite provided impetus for the radical transformation of traditional cities from military and administrative centers to battlefields of commercial warfare （shangzhan） against the West. No place better illustrates the urban structural changes in the late Qing dynasty than the tri-cities of Wuchang, Hanyang, and Hankou, the base of Zhang Zhidong＇s late Qing reform in Hubei. Zhang＇s daring urban modernizing efforts replaced the hierarchical structure of the three cities with relatively equal and symbiotic relationships. More importantly, Zhang Zhidong resurrected the concept of shangzhan （commercial warfare）--the idea that China could fight foreign expansion through commercial competition, which Zeng Guofan first used to address Western commercial advancement in the 1860s. This thought enabled Zhang to use the increasing global pressure and Chinese nationalistic sentiments to advance his reform agenda and break from the restrictions of the traditional urban ideal. Analyzing the intellectual foundations of late Qing urban reform is also crucial to understanding cities＇ central position in Qing＇s defensive global engagement.展开更多
文摘Robert James Waller （1939-2014） does not catch readers＇ attention until his popular novel The Bridges of Madison County （1996） wins him great admirations since its publication in 1992 which brings him instant success. The story explores the dilemma between responsibility of family and fulfillment of desires. Set in America in the 1960s, the novel is woven by the romantic story of the two middle-aged man and woman after they countered and gathered together for four days. Though simple in plot, it really deserves detailed interpretation and appreciation. This paper will mainly discuss Kincaid＇s cultural values reflected not only in the romance between his lover and him, but also in his attitudes towards women＇s rights.
文摘This article examines the late Qing urban transformation as a conscious effort by reformist officials, like Zhang Zhidong, to confront imperialist expansion and the challenges of the treaty port system during the dynasty＇s last decades. It shows how ＂commercial warfare （shangzharo＂ thought among the urban, reformist elite provided impetus for the radical transformation of traditional cities from military and administrative centers to battlefields of commercial warfare （shangzhan） against the West. No place better illustrates the urban structural changes in the late Qing dynasty than the tri-cities of Wuchang, Hanyang, and Hankou, the base of Zhang Zhidong＇s late Qing reform in Hubei. Zhang＇s daring urban modernizing efforts replaced the hierarchical structure of the three cities with relatively equal and symbiotic relationships. More importantly, Zhang Zhidong resurrected the concept of shangzhan （commercial warfare）--the idea that China could fight foreign expansion through commercial competition, which Zeng Guofan first used to address Western commercial advancement in the 1860s. This thought enabled Zhang to use the increasing global pressure and Chinese nationalistic sentiments to advance his reform agenda and break from the restrictions of the traditional urban ideal. Analyzing the intellectual foundations of late Qing urban reform is also crucial to understanding cities＇ central position in Qing＇s defensive global engagement.
