We investigated the influence of PEG on the surface morphology,photocatalytic performance,photovoltaic conversion efficiency(PCE),and performance in complex environments of TiO_(2)-PEG composite films.The PEG content ...We investigated the influence of PEG on the surface morphology,photocatalytic performance,photovoltaic conversion efficiency(PCE),and performance in complex environments of TiO_(2)-PEG composite films.The PEG content was varied to further optimize the comprehensive performance of the composite films.Using titanium isopropoxide as the main raw material,TiO_(2)-PEG sol was prepared via sol-gel method and coated on the surface of photovoltaic(PV)glass by spin coating.The surface morphology and crystalline phase of the TiO_(2)-PEG film were analyzed,and the effects of the TiO_(2)-PEG film on the photocatalytic performance,PCE,contact angle,and performance in complex environments of PV glass were studied.The experimental results show that under the specified experimental conditions,when 4 g PEG10000 is added,the comprehensive performance of the coated PV glass reaches its optimum,with an average transmittance of 91.73%at 550 nm.Using methylene blue(MB)dye degradation experiments,the degradation rate after 2 hours of xenon lamp irradiation reaches 98.15%.The photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the composite film reaches 16.33%,and the contact angle is 3.28°,indicating a superhydrophilic state.It is demonstrated that the appropriate amount of PEG can enhance the transmittance,self-cleaning performance,and photovoltaic conversion efficiency of coated PV glass.展开更多
Photovoltaic(PV)power generation is highly regarded for its capability to transform solar energy into electrical power.However,in real-world applications,PV modules are prone to issues such as increased self-heating a...Photovoltaic(PV)power generation is highly regarded for its capability to transform solar energy into electrical power.However,in real-world applications,PV modules are prone to issues such as increased self-heating and surface dust accumulation,which contribute to a reduction in photoelectric conversion efficiency.Furthermore,elevated temperatures can adversely affect the components’operational longevity.To augment the efficiency and extend the lifespan of PV modules,it is crucial to implement cooling strategies and periodic surface dust removal.In this research,we introduce a composite PV module design that amalgamates a hygroscopic hydrogel with self-cleaning attributes.The design incorporates a superhydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)film as its exposed surface layer and employs a PAM-CaCl2-SiC hygroscopic hydrogel for rear cooling.This arrangement is intended to facilitate efficient surface self-cleaning and passive cooling of the composite PV module.Experimental studies were conducted to evaluate the performance of this innovative composite PV module design,and the results showed that the composite PV panel had an increase of about 1.39%in power generation compared to an ordinary PV panel in the spring of Shenzhen,China.展开更多
Pesticide residues treatment is a crucial issue for both agricultural production and environmental protection.In recent years,designing self-cleaning nanoformulations has emerged as a promising strategy for reducing p...Pesticide residues treatment is a crucial issue for both agricultural production and environmental protection.In recent years,designing self-cleaning nanoformulations has emerged as a promising strategy for reducing pesticide residues in a convenient and cost-effective manner.However,traditional physical blending methods of photodegradation reagents with nanocarriers have limitations in terms of pesticide residue degradation efficiency and active ingredient efficacy.Here,a new type of timing self-cleaning nanoherbicide dicamba@mSiO_(2)/ATA/TiO_(2)with a triple structure was fabricated.Dicamba,a widely used herbicide that was attracting increasing concern over its high efficiency and broad spectrum,was selected as the model herbicide and loaded on the mSiO_(2)shell.In the stage of pesticide release,the TiO_(2)and dicamba were separated by the timing-barrier.Therefore,the efficacy of dicamba was not affected by the photocatalyst.During the release process,the ATA layer continuously absorbed the reactive oxygen species(ROS)produced by TiO_(2)and was gradually degraded.Finally,the barrier was destroyed,and the residual dicamba in the carrier was degraded by TiO_(2).Compared with the traditional physical blending method,this triple structure avoided the degradation of active ingredients by photocatalysts during the pesticide release period.The experimental results suggested that this nanoformulation improved the efficacy of the herbicide,and reduced the pesticide residues,providing a new approach for self-cleaning nanopesticides research.展开更多
Although multifunctional aerogels are expected to be used in applications such as portable electronic devices,it is still a great challenge to confer multifunctionality to aerogels while maintaining their inherent mic...Although multifunctional aerogels are expected to be used in applications such as portable electronic devices,it is still a great challenge to confer multifunctionality to aerogels while maintaining their inherent microstructure.Herein,a simple method is proposed to prepare multifunctional NiCo/C aerogels with excellent electromagnetic wave absorption properties,superhydrophobicity,and self-cleaning by water-induced NiCo-MOF self-assembly.Specifically,the impedance matching of the three-dimensional(3D)structure and the interfacial polarization provided by CoNi/C as well as the defect-induced dipole polarization are the primary contributors to the broadband absorption.As a result,the prepared NiCo/C aerogels have a broadband width of 6.22 GHz at 1.9 mm.Due to the presence of hydrophobic functional groups,CoNi/C aerogels improve the stability in humid environments and obtain hydrophobicity with large contact angles>140°.This multifunctional aerogel has promising applications in electromagnetic wave absorption,resistance to water or humid environments.展开更多
Double-walled carbon nanotube （DWCNT） macro-films with large areas, excellent flexibility and superhydrophobicity are reported. The area of the macro-film is larger than 30 cm×15 cm, and this large film can be ...Double-walled carbon nanotube （DWCNT） macro-films with large areas, excellent flexibility and superhydrophobicity are reported. The area of the macro-film is larger than 30 cm×15 cm, and this large film can be bended, or folded without any damage, and even can be tailored freely. After a simple modification of perfluoroalkysilane, the surface of the macro-film shows excellent superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 165.74-2 deg. and sliding angle lower than 3 deg., the prepared superhydrophobic films showing excellent antifouling, self-cleaning and water-repellent functions. The topographic roughness and perfluoroalkysilane modification are found to contribute to the observed superhydrophobicity. Considering the outstanding electronic, chemical and mechanical properties of DWCNTs, it is expected that this multifunctional DWCNT macro-film has potential applications in many fields.展开更多
SiO_(2)/TiO_(2)composite films have been frequently used to realize the functions of self-cleaning and antireflection.Increasing the TiO_(2)volume ratio in SiO_(2)/TiO_(2)composite film is beneficial to enhance the se...SiO_(2)/TiO_(2)composite films have been frequently used to realize the functions of self-cleaning and antireflection.Increasing the TiO_(2)volume ratio in SiO_(2)/TiO_(2)composite film is beneficial to enhance the self-cleaning effect,while high TiO_(2)content leads to a strong Rayleigh scattering and depresses the antireflective performance,resulting in a bottleneck problem for the dual-functional application.Here,we have achieved a high-quality TiO_(2)nanotubes film with excellent antireflective and near-perfect selfcleaning performances.Ultrasound assisted pickling method has been developed to effectively prepare the well-dispersed protonated titanate nanotubes colloid.After spin-coating and annealing treatment,glass substrate coated with double-side TiO_(2)nanotubes film has a peak transmittance of 99.2%and average transmittance of 97.4%at 400-800 nm.Ultra-high porosity of TiO_(2)nanotubes film(80%)and ultra-fine size of TiO_(2)nanotubes(8.6 nm in outer diameter)lead to excellent antireflective performance.With high UV absorptivity(80%at 254 nm)and formal quantum efficiency of stearic acid(10.9×10^(-3)),TiO_(2)nanotubes film shows near-perfect self-cleaning performance.A persistent anti-fogging ability is also presented.This study demonstrates the feasibility to fabricate pure TiO_(2)antireflective coating for glass substrate,extends application field of the classic TiO_(2)nanotubes,and sheds lights on the practical applications of high-powered TiO_(2)nanotube-based multi-functional films.展开更多
Self-cleaning surfaces are desirable in many engineering applications where low energy consumption,reusability and sustainability are of the biggest concerns.Inspired by the gecko’s unique ’dry selfcleaning’ hierar...Self-cleaning surfaces are desirable in many engineering applications where low energy consumption,reusability and sustainability are of the biggest concerns.Inspired by the gecko’s unique ’dry selfcleaning’ hierarchical structures.Here we fabricated artificial Fe304/PDMS composites that show robust self-cleaning capabilities.The enhanced adhesion performance is attributable to the decrease of PDMS polymerization degree and the load transfer between PDMS matrix and Fe304 magnetic particles.The self-cleaning surfaces showed up to 24.3% self-cleaning rate with as few as 4 steps.Simulation result indicated that the changing of cross linking between Fe304 and PDMS is the main reason for the enhanced self-cleaning surfaces.This work reveals an alternative route of making high-performance self-cleaning smart surfaces that are applicable in the textile industry,robotic locomotion/gripping technology,outerspace explorations and tissue engineering.展开更多
Magnesium alloys with superhydrophobicity are constructed by controlling rough surface structure and grafting long hydrophobic alkyl chains. Changes of morphology, phase structure, chemical composition as well as wett...Magnesium alloys with superhydrophobicity are constructed by controlling rough surface structure and grafting long hydrophobic alkyl chains. Changes of morphology, phase structure, chemical composition as well as wettability, corrosion resistance of superhydrophobic magnesium alloy upon immersing in corrosive media are investigated comparatively. Meanwhile, the contaminating particles on as-prepared superhydrophobic surfaces can be taken away easily by rolling water droplets. Therefore, the results show that as-prepared superhydrophobic magnesium alloys exhibit enhanced corrosion resistance and self-healing performance. Finally, anti-corrosion and self-cleaning mechanisms are deduced. It can be concluded that it is an effective strategy of preparing superhydrophobic surfaces for improving the corrosion resistance and selfcleaning performance of magnesium alloys.展开更多
The self-cleaning glass coated with Fe3+-TiO2 photocatalytic thin film was prepared by sol-gel process from the system Ti（OC4H9）4-NH（C2H4OH）2-C2H5OH-H2O containing FeCl3. The microstructure and properties of the f...The self-cleaning glass coated with Fe3+-TiO2 photocatalytic thin film was prepared by sol-gel process from the system Ti（OC4H9）4-NH（C2H4OH）2-C2H5OH-H2O containing FeCl3. The microstructure and properties of the film were studied using differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetry（DTA-TG）, X-ray diffration（XRD） and scanning electron microscope（SEM）. The transmittance of the self-cleaning glass was measured by using UV-Vis spectrometer. The effects of content of Fe3+ and the thickness of Fe3+-TiO2 thin film on the photocatalytic activity were examined. The results show that the photocatalytic thin films are mainly composed of Fe3O4 and TiO2 particles within 10100 nm. The appropriate amount of Fe3+ is effective for improving the photocatalytic activities of TiO2. The best photocatalytic activity is obtained when the molar ratio of Fe3+ to TiO2 is 0.005 and the glass is coated with 9 layers.展开更多
In this work, a simple method was carried out to successfully fabricate superoleophilic and superhydrophobic N-dodecyltrimethoxysilane@tungsten trioxide coated copper mesh. The as-fabricated copper mesh displayed prom...In this work, a simple method was carried out to successfully fabricate superoleophilic and superhydrophobic N-dodecyltrimethoxysilane@tungsten trioxide coated copper mesh. The as-fabricated copper mesh displayed prominent superoleophilicity and superhydrophobicity with a huge water contact angle about 154.39° and oil contact angle near 0° Moreover, the coated copper mesh showed high separation efficiency approximately 99.3%, and huge water flux about 9962.3 L·h^-1·m-2, which could be used to separate various organic solvents/ water mixtures. Furthermore, the coated copper mesh showed favorable stability that the separation efficiency remained above 90% after 10 separation cycles. Benefiting from the excellent photocatalytic degradation ability of tungsten trioxide, the coated copper mesh possessed the self-cleaning capacity. Therefore, the mesh contaminated with lubricating oil could regain superhydrophobic property, and this property of self-cleaning permitted that the fabricated copper mesh could be repeatedly used for oil and water separation.展开更多
Amorphous alloys without crystalline defects(dislocation,crystal boundary)are ideal hydrophobic coating materials due to their low surface energy.This work used a synergistic method of detonation spraying and surface ...Amorphous alloys without crystalline defects(dislocation,crystal boundary)are ideal hydrophobic coating materials due to their low surface energy.This work used a synergistic method of detonation spraying and surface modification to obtain the superhydrophobic Febased amorphous coatings with high hardness and dense structure on the Q 235 substrate.The results showed that the water contact angles(WCA)of the superhydrophobic coating was 160°±3.6°,and water droplets could bounce off the superhydrophobic coating surface,illustrating the excellent self-cleaning performance of coating.Notably,the corrosion current density(i_(corr))of the superhydrophobic coating further decreased by 2 orders of magnitude down to8.008×10^(-8)A·cm^(-2)compared to the as-deposited coating with 5.473×10^(-6)A·cm^(-2);the corrosion potential(E_(corr))of the superhydrophobic coating shifted by 34 mV to the positive side compared with that of the as-deposited coating(-310 mV).Likewise,the impedance modulus|Z|values of the superhydrophobic coating increased by nearly2 orders of magnitude up to 1×10^(5.6)compared to the asdeposited coating with 1×10^(3.8).Even through lasting immersion in NaCl for 10 days,|Z|values of the superhydrophobic coating were still much higher than those of the as-deposited coating.The superhydrophobic Fe-based amorphous coatings could respond to their applications under extreme conditions due to their excellent hydrophobicity and self-cleaning properties,illustrating their promising future in aerospace,automotive,and machinery industries.展开更多
How to fabricate durable superhydrophobic materials for cyclic oil/water separation to solve oil-induced pollutions is still a problem.Herein,we fabricated a durable Superhydrophobic Stainless Steel Mesh(SH-SSM)with n...How to fabricate durable superhydrophobic materials for cyclic oil/water separation to solve oil-induced pollutions is still a problem.Herein,we fabricated a durable Superhydrophobic Stainless Steel Mesh(SH-SSM)with nano/micro flower-like sheets by self-assembly of zinc stearate for the cyclic separation of various oil/water mixtures.The SH-SSM exhibits durable superhydrophobicity against static or dynamic treatments.In virtue of durable superhydrophobicity of the SH-SSM,the dusts on surface of SH-SSM can be removed completely by running water immediately showing excellent self-cleaning performance.Moreover,the SH-SSM can be used to perform gravity-driven separation of heavy oil/water and light oil/water mixtures by utilizing its superhydrophobicity that oil phase penetrates the mesh and water phase is restricted.Separation efficiencies of the SH-SSM can reach 99.99%.After 20 cycles of separation,the separation efficiencies for are>97.00%and>98.25%for heavy oil/water and light oil/water mixtures,respectively.Flux values of dichloromethane,hexane and petroleum ether are 2.5×10^(5) L m^(−2) h^(−1),1.7×10^(5) L m^(−2) h^(−1),and 1.8×10^(5) L m^(−2) h^(−1),respectively.This study proposes a facial approach to prepare durable superhydrophobic and self-cleaning material for cyclic and fast separation of oil/water.展开更多
In this study, vanadium doped TiO2 thin films were deposited on glass substrates using a sol-gel dip-coating process. X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-Vis spectrophotomete...In this study, vanadium doped TiO2 thin films were deposited on glass substrates using a sol-gel dip-coating process. X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer were used to characterize the structural, chemical and the optical properties of the thin films. The photo-catalytic activities of films were investigated by methylene blue degradation. Water contact angle on the film surfaces was measured by a water contact angle analyzer. The results indicated that vanadium doping had a significant effect on the self-cleaning properties of TiO2 thin films.展开更多
Daylighting structures,including solar cells and building windows,utilize sunlight whilst suffering from undesired solar heat and outdoor dust contamination.A radiative cooling system that is transparent to sunlight a...Daylighting structures,including solar cells and building windows,utilize sunlight whilst suffering from undesired solar heat and outdoor dust contamination.A radiative cooling system that is transparent to sunlight and has a superhydrophobic surface would cool and clean the daylighting structures in a sustainable manner.However,the majority of the current daytime radiative cooling systems were designed to fully reflect the incident sunlight to maximize the cooling power.In this work,we optimized both the sunlight transmission and infrared thermal irradiation by modeling the size-dependent scattering and absorption of light by SiO_(2)spheres embedded in a polymer matrix,we found that the use of nanospheres(20 nm)enabled both high sunlight transmittance(>90%)and infrared emissivity(-0.85).This theoretical prediction was confirmed by experimental measurements of a solution-processed nanocomposite film.When coated on a solar cell,the as-prepared film not only preserved the power conversion efficiency of the cell(14.71%,uncoated cell has an efficiency of 14.79%)but also radiatively cooled the cell by up to 5℃under direct sunlight.This reduction of the operating temperature of the solar cell further enhanced its electrical power output,evidenced by an increase in the equilibrium temperature of the LED load by about 14℃.The nanoscale textured surface formed by the nanospheres further led to superhydrophobicity and thus excellent self-cleaning performance(efficient removal of dust by wind and/or water droplets).展开更多
A superhydrophobic aluminum sheet is fabricated via a hot water immersing process and subsequently surface modification with heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxy-silane （HTMS）. As revealed by the scan electron microscopy ...A superhydrophobic aluminum sheet is fabricated via a hot water immersing process and subsequently surface modification with heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxy-silane （HTMS）. As revealed by the scan electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer （FTIR） results, a rough pseudoboehmite film is formed on the aluminum sheet, and HTMS molecules are grafted on the film surface successfully. These two factors make the treated aluminum sheet present superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle larger than 160° and sliding angle less than 5°, and possess a self-cleaning property. Furthermore, the flexible superhydrophobic aluminum sheet could be pasted to a cylinder surface without destroying its superhydrophobicity. At the end, the effect of hot water treatment time on superhydrophobicity is investigated.展开更多
A type of self-cleaning pre-coated steel sheet with excellent self-cleaning performance was developed using hydrophilic surface treatment technology. To understand the self-cleaning properties of this pre-coated steel...A type of self-cleaning pre-coated steel sheet with excellent self-cleaning performance was developed using hydrophilic surface treatment technology. To understand the self-cleaning properties of this pre-coated steel sheet in an industrial environment, the Jiangjin natural environmental test station was chosen as the outdoor exposure test to be conducted, and the self-cleaning performance of the steel sheet was studied by measuring the water contact angle, stain resistance factor, color difference, and gloss of the steel sheet during the outdoor exposure test. The water contact angle of the self-cleaning steel sheet quickly decreased from 84° to 29° during the outdoor exposure test, and the steel sheet showed excellent hydrophilic properties, which were beneficial to the spread of rain drops and detrimental to the accumulation of the surface pollutants. After an outdoor exposure of 12 months,the self-cleaning steel sheet had a higher stain resistance and cleaner surface than the comparison sample sheet, demonstrating its excellent self-cleaning properties. Moreover, the color difference and gloss rate of the self-cleaning steel ＇sheet were similar to those of the pre-coated steel sheet without hydrophilic surface treatment. Therefore, the hydrophilic surface treatment technology used in this study did not affect the anti-aging property of the self-cleaning steel sheet.展开更多
Self-cleaning surfaces have received a great deal of attention recently,both in theoretical studies and commercial applications.The self-cleaning surface of lotus leaf is hydrophobic and rough,showing a micro-and nano...Self-cleaning surfaces have received a great deal of attention recently,both in theoretical studies and commercial applications.The self-cleaning surface of lotus leaf is hydrophobic and rough,showing a micro-and nano-scale morphology.The micro-reliefs of lotus leaf were mimicked using polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)film and nano-scale peaks on the top of the micro-reliefs were implemented by the reaction between methyltrichlorosilane and the reactive groups of PVDF film treated by oxygen plasma.A lotus-leaf-like surface of the PVDF film was clearly observed by scanning electronic microscopy(SEM)and atomic force microscope(AFM).Elemental composition analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)revealed that the material of the nanostructure of PVDF film was polymethylsiloxane.The superhydrophobic property of the mimicked self-cleaning surface was validated by the water contact angle and sliding angle on the lotus-leaf-like PVDF film,which were 156.6° and 4°,respectively.In this case,water droplets can easily move across the PVDF film surface,carrying dirt particles away,leaving no contamination.展开更多
基金Funded by the Project of Guangxi Science and Technology(No.ZY24212061)the Project of Guangxi Science and Technology Major Program(No.AA24263054)the Project of Beihai Science and Technology(No.202379002)。
文摘We investigated the influence of PEG on the surface morphology,photocatalytic performance,photovoltaic conversion efficiency(PCE),and performance in complex environments of TiO_(2)-PEG composite films.The PEG content was varied to further optimize the comprehensive performance of the composite films.Using titanium isopropoxide as the main raw material,TiO_(2)-PEG sol was prepared via sol-gel method and coated on the surface of photovoltaic(PV)glass by spin coating.The surface morphology and crystalline phase of the TiO_(2)-PEG film were analyzed,and the effects of the TiO_(2)-PEG film on the photocatalytic performance,PCE,contact angle,and performance in complex environments of PV glass were studied.The experimental results show that under the specified experimental conditions,when 4 g PEG10000 is added,the comprehensive performance of the coated PV glass reaches its optimum,with an average transmittance of 91.73%at 550 nm.Using methylene blue(MB)dye degradation experiments,the degradation rate after 2 hours of xenon lamp irradiation reaches 98.15%.The photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the composite film reaches 16.33%,and the contact angle is 3.28°,indicating a superhydrophilic state.It is demonstrated that the appropriate amount of PEG can enhance the transmittance,self-cleaning performance,and photovoltaic conversion efficiency of coated PV glass.
基金supported by grants from the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(JCYJ20190808111407284,JCYJ20220531103409021)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22102104).
文摘Photovoltaic(PV)power generation is highly regarded for its capability to transform solar energy into electrical power.However,in real-world applications,PV modules are prone to issues such as increased self-heating and surface dust accumulation,which contribute to a reduction in photoelectric conversion efficiency.Furthermore,elevated temperatures can adversely affect the components’operational longevity.To augment the efficiency and extend the lifespan of PV modules,it is crucial to implement cooling strategies and periodic surface dust removal.In this research,we introduce a composite PV module design that amalgamates a hygroscopic hydrogel with self-cleaning attributes.The design incorporates a superhydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)film as its exposed surface layer and employs a PAM-CaCl2-SiC hygroscopic hydrogel for rear cooling.This arrangement is intended to facilitate efficient surface self-cleaning and passive cooling of the composite PV module.Experimental studies were conducted to evaluate the performance of this innovative composite PV module design,and the results showed that the composite PV panel had an increase of about 1.39%in power generation compared to an ordinary PV panel in the spring of Shenzhen,China.
基金the financial support provided by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1207400)the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD1700105)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA0716702)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities of China(111 program,B17019).
文摘Pesticide residues treatment is a crucial issue for both agricultural production and environmental protection.In recent years,designing self-cleaning nanoformulations has emerged as a promising strategy for reducing pesticide residues in a convenient and cost-effective manner.However,traditional physical blending methods of photodegradation reagents with nanocarriers have limitations in terms of pesticide residue degradation efficiency and active ingredient efficacy.Here,a new type of timing self-cleaning nanoherbicide dicamba@mSiO_(2)/ATA/TiO_(2)with a triple structure was fabricated.Dicamba,a widely used herbicide that was attracting increasing concern over its high efficiency and broad spectrum,was selected as the model herbicide and loaded on the mSiO_(2)shell.In the stage of pesticide release,the TiO_(2)and dicamba were separated by the timing-barrier.Therefore,the efficacy of dicamba was not affected by the photocatalyst.During the release process,the ATA layer continuously absorbed the reactive oxygen species(ROS)produced by TiO_(2)and was gradually degraded.Finally,the barrier was destroyed,and the residual dicamba in the carrier was degraded by TiO_(2).Compared with the traditional physical blending method,this triple structure avoided the degradation of active ingredients by photocatalysts during the pesticide release period.The experimental results suggested that this nanoformulation improved the efficacy of the herbicide,and reduced the pesticide residues,providing a new approach for self-cleaning nanopesticides research.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51407134, No.52002196)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No.ZR2019YQ24, No.ZR2020QF084)+2 种基金Taishan Scholars and Young Experts Program of Shandong Province (No.tsqn202103057)the Qingchuang Talents Induction Program of Shandong Higher Education Institution (Research and Innovation Team of Structural-Functional Polymer Composites)Special Financial of Shandong Province (Structural Design of Highefficiency Electromagnetic Wave-absorbing Composite Materials and Construction of Shandong Provincial Talent Teams (No. 37000022P990304116449))
文摘Although multifunctional aerogels are expected to be used in applications such as portable electronic devices,it is still a great challenge to confer multifunctionality to aerogels while maintaining their inherent microstructure.Herein,a simple method is proposed to prepare multifunctional NiCo/C aerogels with excellent electromagnetic wave absorption properties,superhydrophobicity,and self-cleaning by water-induced NiCo-MOF self-assembly.Specifically,the impedance matching of the three-dimensional(3D)structure and the interfacial polarization provided by CoNi/C as well as the defect-induced dipole polarization are the primary contributors to the broadband absorption.As a result,the prepared NiCo/C aerogels have a broadband width of 6.22 GHz at 1.9 mm.Due to the presence of hydrophobic functional groups,CoNi/C aerogels improve the stability in humid environments and obtain hydrophobicity with large contact angles>140°.This multifunctional aerogel has promising applications in electromagnetic wave absorption,resistance to water or humid environments.
基金supports by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50871067)the National 863 Project (No. 2007AA05Z128) from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China
文摘Double-walled carbon nanotube （DWCNT） macro-films with large areas, excellent flexibility and superhydrophobicity are reported. The area of the macro-film is larger than 30 cm×15 cm, and this large film can be bended, or folded without any damage, and even can be tailored freely. After a simple modification of perfluoroalkysilane, the surface of the macro-film shows excellent superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 165.74-2 deg. and sliding angle lower than 3 deg., the prepared superhydrophobic films showing excellent antifouling, self-cleaning and water-repellent functions. The topographic roughness and perfluoroalkysilane modification are found to contribute to the observed superhydrophobicity. Considering the outstanding electronic, chemical and mechanical properties of DWCNTs, it is expected that this multifunctional DWCNT macro-film has potential applications in many fields.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12074356)the Major/Innovative Program of Development Foundation of Hefei Center for Physical Science and Technology(No.2018CXFX003)+1 种基金the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology(No.SKL2018KF07)Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No.1808085ME131)。
文摘SiO_(2)/TiO_(2)composite films have been frequently used to realize the functions of self-cleaning and antireflection.Increasing the TiO_(2)volume ratio in SiO_(2)/TiO_(2)composite film is beneficial to enhance the self-cleaning effect,while high TiO_(2)content leads to a strong Rayleigh scattering and depresses the antireflective performance,resulting in a bottleneck problem for the dual-functional application.Here,we have achieved a high-quality TiO_(2)nanotubes film with excellent antireflective and near-perfect selfcleaning performances.Ultrasound assisted pickling method has been developed to effectively prepare the well-dispersed protonated titanate nanotubes colloid.After spin-coating and annealing treatment,glass substrate coated with double-side TiO_(2)nanotubes film has a peak transmittance of 99.2%and average transmittance of 97.4%at 400-800 nm.Ultra-high porosity of TiO_(2)nanotubes film(80%)and ultra-fine size of TiO_(2)nanotubes(8.6 nm in outer diameter)lead to excellent antireflective performance.With high UV absorptivity(80%at 254 nm)and formal quantum efficiency of stearic acid(10.9×10^(-3)),TiO_(2)nanotubes film shows near-perfect self-cleaning performance.A persistent anti-fogging ability is also presented.This study demonstrates the feasibility to fabricate pure TiO_(2)antireflective coating for glass substrate,extends application field of the classic TiO_(2)nanotubes,and sheds lights on the practical applications of high-powered TiO_(2)nanotube-based multi-functional films.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51575528,51875577,51704243)Beijing Nova Program (No.Z171100001117058)+1 种基金Tribology Science Fund of State Key Laboratory of Tribology (No.SKLTKF16A06)Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum (No.2462019QNXZ02)
文摘Self-cleaning surfaces are desirable in many engineering applications where low energy consumption,reusability and sustainability are of the biggest concerns.Inspired by the gecko’s unique ’dry selfcleaning’ hierarchical structures.Here we fabricated artificial Fe304/PDMS composites that show robust self-cleaning capabilities.The enhanced adhesion performance is attributable to the decrease of PDMS polymerization degree and the load transfer between PDMS matrix and Fe304 magnetic particles.The self-cleaning surfaces showed up to 24.3% self-cleaning rate with as few as 4 steps.Simulation result indicated that the changing of cross linking between Fe304 and PDMS is the main reason for the enhanced self-cleaning surfaces.This work reveals an alternative route of making high-performance self-cleaning smart surfaces that are applicable in the textile industry,robotic locomotion/gripping technology,outerspace explorations and tissue engineering.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21161012)
文摘Magnesium alloys with superhydrophobicity are constructed by controlling rough surface structure and grafting long hydrophobic alkyl chains. Changes of morphology, phase structure, chemical composition as well as wettability, corrosion resistance of superhydrophobic magnesium alloy upon immersing in corrosive media are investigated comparatively. Meanwhile, the contaminating particles on as-prepared superhydrophobic surfaces can be taken away easily by rolling water droplets. Therefore, the results show that as-prepared superhydrophobic magnesium alloys exhibit enhanced corrosion resistance and self-healing performance. Finally, anti-corrosion and self-cleaning mechanisms are deduced. It can be concluded that it is an effective strategy of preparing superhydrophobic surfaces for improving the corrosion resistance and selfcleaning performance of magnesium alloys.
文摘The self-cleaning glass coated with Fe3+-TiO2 photocatalytic thin film was prepared by sol-gel process from the system Ti（OC4H9）4-NH（C2H4OH）2-C2H5OH-H2O containing FeCl3. The microstructure and properties of the film were studied using differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetry（DTA-TG）, X-ray diffration（XRD） and scanning electron microscope（SEM）. The transmittance of the self-cleaning glass was measured by using UV-Vis spectrometer. The effects of content of Fe3+ and the thickness of Fe3+-TiO2 thin film on the photocatalytic activity were examined. The results show that the photocatalytic thin films are mainly composed of Fe3O4 and TiO2 particles within 10100 nm. The appropriate amount of Fe3+ is effective for improving the photocatalytic activities of TiO2. The best photocatalytic activity is obtained when the molar ratio of Fe3+ to TiO2 is 0.005 and the glass is coated with 9 layers.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21776319 and No.21476269).
文摘In this work, a simple method was carried out to successfully fabricate superoleophilic and superhydrophobic N-dodecyltrimethoxysilane@tungsten trioxide coated copper mesh. The as-fabricated copper mesh displayed prominent superoleophilicity and superhydrophobicity with a huge water contact angle about 154.39° and oil contact angle near 0° Moreover, the coated copper mesh showed high separation efficiency approximately 99.3%, and huge water flux about 9962.3 L·h^-1·m-2, which could be used to separate various organic solvents/ water mixtures. Furthermore, the coated copper mesh showed favorable stability that the separation efficiency remained above 90% after 10 separation cycles. Benefiting from the excellent photocatalytic degradation ability of tungsten trioxide, the coated copper mesh possessed the self-cleaning capacity. Therefore, the mesh contaminated with lubricating oil could regain superhydrophobic property, and this property of self-cleaning permitted that the fabricated copper mesh could be repeatedly used for oil and water separation.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51901092,52075234)the Program of"Science and Technology International Cooperation Demonstrative Base of Metal Surface Engineering along the Silk Road(No.2017D01003)"+3 种基金the"111"project(No.D21032)the Key Research Program of Education Department of Gansu Province(No.GSSYLXM-03)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(No.20JR5RA431)Hongliu Distinguished Young Talent Support Program of Lanzhou University of Technology,and the Open Fund Project of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Equipment Design and Manufacturing,Hunan Institute of Technology(No.DC202001)。
文摘Amorphous alloys without crystalline defects(dislocation,crystal boundary)are ideal hydrophobic coating materials due to their low surface energy.This work used a synergistic method of detonation spraying and surface modification to obtain the superhydrophobic Febased amorphous coatings with high hardness and dense structure on the Q 235 substrate.The results showed that the water contact angles(WCA)of the superhydrophobic coating was 160°±3.6°,and water droplets could bounce off the superhydrophobic coating surface,illustrating the excellent self-cleaning performance of coating.Notably,the corrosion current density(i_(corr))of the superhydrophobic coating further decreased by 2 orders of magnitude down to8.008×10^(-8)A·cm^(-2)compared to the as-deposited coating with 5.473×10^(-6)A·cm^(-2);the corrosion potential(E_(corr))of the superhydrophobic coating shifted by 34 mV to the positive side compared with that of the as-deposited coating(-310 mV).Likewise,the impedance modulus|Z|values of the superhydrophobic coating increased by nearly2 orders of magnitude up to 1×10^(5.6)compared to the asdeposited coating with 1×10^(3.8).Even through lasting immersion in NaCl for 10 days,|Z|values of the superhydrophobic coating were still much higher than those of the as-deposited coating.The superhydrophobic Fe-based amorphous coatings could respond to their applications under extreme conditions due to their excellent hydrophobicity and self-cleaning properties,illustrating their promising future in aerospace,automotive,and machinery industries.
文摘How to fabricate durable superhydrophobic materials for cyclic oil/water separation to solve oil-induced pollutions is still a problem.Herein,we fabricated a durable Superhydrophobic Stainless Steel Mesh(SH-SSM)with nano/micro flower-like sheets by self-assembly of zinc stearate for the cyclic separation of various oil/water mixtures.The SH-SSM exhibits durable superhydrophobicity against static or dynamic treatments.In virtue of durable superhydrophobicity of the SH-SSM,the dusts on surface of SH-SSM can be removed completely by running water immediately showing excellent self-cleaning performance.Moreover,the SH-SSM can be used to perform gravity-driven separation of heavy oil/water and light oil/water mixtures by utilizing its superhydrophobicity that oil phase penetrates the mesh and water phase is restricted.Separation efficiencies of the SH-SSM can reach 99.99%.After 20 cycles of separation,the separation efficiencies for are>97.00%and>98.25%for heavy oil/water and light oil/water mixtures,respectively.Flux values of dichloromethane,hexane and petroleum ether are 2.5×10^(5) L m^(−2) h^(−1),1.7×10^(5) L m^(−2) h^(−1),and 1.8×10^(5) L m^(−2) h^(−1),respectively.This study proposes a facial approach to prepare durable superhydrophobic and self-cleaning material for cyclic and fast separation of oil/water.
文摘In this study, vanadium doped TiO2 thin films were deposited on glass substrates using a sol-gel dip-coating process. X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer were used to characterize the structural, chemical and the optical properties of the thin films. The photo-catalytic activities of films were investigated by methylene blue degradation. Water contact angle on the film surfaces was measured by a water contact angle analyzer. The results indicated that vanadium doping had a significant effect on the self-cleaning properties of TiO2 thin films.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52071114 and 52001100)the Aviation Science Foundation of China(No.20163877014)。
文摘Daylighting structures,including solar cells and building windows,utilize sunlight whilst suffering from undesired solar heat and outdoor dust contamination.A radiative cooling system that is transparent to sunlight and has a superhydrophobic surface would cool and clean the daylighting structures in a sustainable manner.However,the majority of the current daytime radiative cooling systems were designed to fully reflect the incident sunlight to maximize the cooling power.In this work,we optimized both the sunlight transmission and infrared thermal irradiation by modeling the size-dependent scattering and absorption of light by SiO_(2)spheres embedded in a polymer matrix,we found that the use of nanospheres(20 nm)enabled both high sunlight transmittance(>90%)and infrared emissivity(-0.85).This theoretical prediction was confirmed by experimental measurements of a solution-processed nanocomposite film.When coated on a solar cell,the as-prepared film not only preserved the power conversion efficiency of the cell(14.71%,uncoated cell has an efficiency of 14.79%)but also radiatively cooled the cell by up to 5℃under direct sunlight.This reduction of the operating temperature of the solar cell further enhanced its electrical power output,evidenced by an increase in the equilibrium temperature of the LED load by about 14℃.The nanoscale textured surface formed by the nanospheres further led to superhydrophobicity and thus excellent self-cleaning performance(efficient removal of dust by wind and/or water droplets).
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.78872129 and 81172082)
文摘A superhydrophobic aluminum sheet is fabricated via a hot water immersing process and subsequently surface modification with heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxy-silane （HTMS）. As revealed by the scan electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer （FTIR） results, a rough pseudoboehmite film is formed on the aluminum sheet, and HTMS molecules are grafted on the film surface successfully. These two factors make the treated aluminum sheet present superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle larger than 160° and sliding angle less than 5°, and possess a self-cleaning property. Furthermore, the flexible superhydrophobic aluminum sheet could be pasted to a cylinder surface without destroying its superhydrophobicity. At the end, the effect of hot water treatment time on superhydrophobicity is investigated.
文摘A type of self-cleaning pre-coated steel sheet with excellent self-cleaning performance was developed using hydrophilic surface treatment technology. To understand the self-cleaning properties of this pre-coated steel sheet in an industrial environment, the Jiangjin natural environmental test station was chosen as the outdoor exposure test to be conducted, and the self-cleaning performance of the steel sheet was studied by measuring the water contact angle, stain resistance factor, color difference, and gloss of the steel sheet during the outdoor exposure test. The water contact angle of the self-cleaning steel sheet quickly decreased from 84° to 29° during the outdoor exposure test, and the steel sheet showed excellent hydrophilic properties, which were beneficial to the spread of rain drops and detrimental to the accumulation of the surface pollutants. After an outdoor exposure of 12 months,the self-cleaning steel sheet had a higher stain resistance and cleaner surface than the comparison sample sheet, demonstrating its excellent self-cleaning properties. Moreover, the color difference and gloss rate of the self-cleaning steel ＇sheet were similar to those of the pre-coated steel sheet without hydrophilic surface treatment. Therefore, the hydrophilic surface treatment technology used in this study did not affect the anti-aging property of the self-cleaning steel sheet.
基金Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission,China(No.06YFJZJC14802)
文摘Self-cleaning surfaces have received a great deal of attention recently,both in theoretical studies and commercial applications.The self-cleaning surface of lotus leaf is hydrophobic and rough,showing a micro-and nano-scale morphology.The micro-reliefs of lotus leaf were mimicked using polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)film and nano-scale peaks on the top of the micro-reliefs were implemented by the reaction between methyltrichlorosilane and the reactive groups of PVDF film treated by oxygen plasma.A lotus-leaf-like surface of the PVDF film was clearly observed by scanning electronic microscopy(SEM)and atomic force microscope(AFM).Elemental composition analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)revealed that the material of the nanostructure of PVDF film was polymethylsiloxane.The superhydrophobic property of the mimicked self-cleaning surface was validated by the water contact angle and sliding angle on the lotus-leaf-like PVDF film,which were 156.6° and 4°,respectively.In this case,water droplets can easily move across the PVDF film surface,carrying dirt particles away,leaving no contamination.
