A novel amphiphile of 4-[4-(4-decyloxyphenylazo) naphthyloxy] butyl trimethylammonium bromide has been synthesized. It can form the stable bilayer in dilute aqueous solution.
The self-assembly behavior of the amphiphilic block copolymer poly（ methyl methacrylate） -block-poly（ lead dimethacrylate） （PMMA-b-PLDMA） with cross-linked hydrophilic block（PLDMA） in ethanol was investigated....The self-assembly behavior of the amphiphilic block copolymer poly（ methyl methacrylate） -block-poly（ lead dimethacrylate） （PMMA-b-PLDMA） with cross-linked hydrophilic block（PLDMA） in ethanol was investigated. The results show that the size and morphology of the resulting micelle or micellar aggregates are ascribed to the content of ethanol and the nature of the solvent mixture. PbS nanoparticles were formed in the micelle by in situ reaction with H2S gas. The morphology and size of the self-assembly objects were investigated using scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）.展开更多
Taking a widely contaminated yet abundant waste,such as poultry feathers,and extracting keratin from this struc-ture appears to be a real challenge whenever the preservation of the secondary structure of the protein i...Taking a widely contaminated yet abundant waste,such as poultry feathers,and extracting keratin from this struc-ture appears to be a real challenge whenever the preservation of the secondary structure of the protein is desired.This process would allow exploiting it in ways(e.g.,in the biomedicalfield)that are inspired by a structure that is primarily designed forflight,therefore capable specifically of withstandingflexure and lateral buckling,also with very low thicknesses.The preservation of the structure is based on disulfide crosslinks,and it is offered with pre-ference by some chemical treatments,mainly those based on ionic liquid and on a reduction process.However,the degree of preservation cannot always be precisely assessed;however,beyond chemical characterization,the forma-tion of homogeneous gels can also suggest that the process was successful in this sense.An extraction respectful of nature’s intentions,considering that the secondary structure builds up according to the very function of the feath-ers in the animal,can be deemed to be biomimetic.In particular,biomimetic extractions comply with the very characteristics the protein was designed for to serve in the specific environmental and mechanical situation in which it is inserted.This review tries to elucidate in which cases this aim is achieved and for which specific appli-cations a chicken feather keratin that has preserved its secondary structure can be suited.展开更多
Effective countermeasures against multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogens,such as carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),require the development of innovative...Effective countermeasures against multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogens,such as carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),require the development of innovative antimicrobial strategies.This study presents a structure-function approach to antimicrobial peptide(AMP)design through the strategic integration of a cationic backbone with a hydrophobic core.This dual-domain architecture enables robust hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions,promoting spontaneous self-assembly and efficient membrane engagement.The lead peptide,Tryptolycin(TRPY),formed stable,monodisperse nanoparticles and demonstrated broad-spectrum bactericidal activity,with minimum inhibitory concentrations≤1μmol/L against multiple strains of MRSA and K.pneumoniae,while exerting minimal cytotoxicity toward mammalian cells.TRPY achieved rapid bacterial elimination,eradicating 99.9%of both planktonic and persister populations within minutes.Mechanistic investigations revealed that TRPY induced membrane permeabilization,promoted reactive oxygen species(ROS)production,and inhibited biofilm formation.In murine infection models,TRPY effectively eradicated established infections,reducing bacterial burden across target organs by 3-to 5-fold without significant cytotoxicity at therapeutic concentrations.Collectively,these findings establish TRPY as a promising therapeutic agent for clinical translation in the treatment of refractory bacterial infections.展开更多
(Hetero)cycloarenes possessing rigid molecular skeletons and largeπ-systems are the potential active materials in various electronic devices.However,the development of their organic electronics still lags far behind ...(Hetero)cycloarenes possessing rigid molecular skeletons and largeπ-systems are the potential active materials in various electronic devices.However,the development of their organic electronics still lags far behind the synthetic chemistry.Herein,in order to bridge this gap,we reported the study of organic semiconductor materials based on heterocycloarenes in detail about the relationship between structure,properties,and device performance.Three varying straight alkyl chain substituted butterflyshaped heterocycloarenes PTZs were strategically synthesized.Compared with bulky aryl(mesityl)substituted PTZ1,PTZs show additional self-assembly behavior.Concentration-dependent^(1)H NMR spectra indicated that the self-assembly behavior can be modulated by the alkyl chain length.Medium alkyl chain length substituted heterocycloarene PTZ-C6 showed the strongest association constants of 490 M^(–1)in solution,and a similar trend was also observed in solid state by thin film absorption spectra.Remarkably,despite the nonplanar conjugated backbones,solution-processing thin film transistor based on PTZ-C6 exhibits hole mobility up to 0.13 cm^(2)V^(–1)s^(–1)and considerable current on/off ratio of 10^(5).Our study demonstrates that substituent engineering of heterocycloarenes is a powerful strategy for modulating self-assembling structures and promoting transistor device performance.展开更多
Behavior recognition of Hu sheep contributes to their intensive and intelligent farming.Due to the generally high density of Hu sheep farming,severe occlusion occurs among different behaviors and even among sheep perf...Behavior recognition of Hu sheep contributes to their intensive and intelligent farming.Due to the generally high density of Hu sheep farming,severe occlusion occurs among different behaviors and even among sheep performing the same behavior,leading to missing and false detection issues in existing behavior recognition methods.A high-low frequency aggregated attention and negative sample comprehensive score loss and comprehensive score soft non-maximum suppression-YOLO(HLNC-YOLO)was proposed for identifying the behavior of Hu sheep,addressing the issues of missed and erroneous detections caused by occlusion between Hu sheep in intensive farming.Firstly,images of four typical behaviors-standing,lying,eating,and drinking-were collected from the sheep farm to construct the Hu sheep behavior dataset(HSBD).Next,to solve the occlusion issues,during the training phase,the C2F-HLAtt module was integrated,which combined high-low frequency aggregation attention,into the YOLO v8 Backbone to perceive occluded objects and introduce an auxiliary reversible branch to retain more effective features.Using comprehensive score regression loss(CSLoss)to reduce the scores of suboptimal boxes and enhance the comprehensive scores of occluded object boxes.Finally,the soft comprehensive score non-maximal suppression(Soft-CS-NMS)algorithm filtered prediction boxes during the inferencing.Testing on the HSBD,HLNC-YOLO achieved a mean average precision(mAP@50)of 87.8%,with a memory footprint of 17.4 MB.This represented an improvement of 7.1,2.2,4.6,and 11 percentage points over YOLO v8,YOLO v9,YOLO v10,and Faster R-CNN,respectively.Research indicated that the HLNC-YOLO accurately identified the behavior of Hu sheep in intensive farming and possessed generalization capabilities,providing technical support for smart farming.展开更多
To investigate the influence of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy with as-homogenized and as-rolled initial microstructures on the tensile flow behavior,isothermal tensile tests were conducted on a GLEEBLE-3500 isothermal simulator a...To investigate the influence of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy with as-homogenized and as-rolled initial microstructures on the tensile flow behavior,isothermal tensile tests were conducted on a GLEEBLE-3500 isothermal simulator at temperatures of 380-440℃and strain rates of 0.05-1 s^(−1).The Johnson-Cook model,Hensel-Spittel model,strain-compensated Arrhenius model,and critical fracture strain model were established.Results show that through the evaluation of the models using the correlation coefficient(R)and the average absolute relative error,the strain-compensated Arrhenius model can represent the flow behavior of the alloy more accurately.Shear bands are more pronounced in the as-homogenized specimens,whereas dynamic recrystallization is predominantly observed in as-rolled specimens.Fracture morphology analysis reveals that a mixed fracture mechanism is prevalent in the as-homogenized specimen,whereas a ductile fracture mechanism is predominant in the as-rolled specimen.The processing maps indicate that the unstable region is reduced in the as-rolled specimens compared with that in the as-homogenized specimens.The optimal hot working windows for the as-homogenized and as-rolled specimens are determined as 410-440℃/0.14-1 s^(−1)and 380-400℃/0.05-0.29 s^(−1),respectively.展开更多
Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2026)18:10.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01852-8 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the last author’s name was inadvertently misspelled.Th...Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2026)18:10.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01852-8 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the last author’s name was inadvertently misspelled.The published version showed“Hongzhen Chen”,whereas the correct spelling should be“Hongzheng Chen”.The correct author name has been provided in this Correction,and the original article[1]has been corrected.展开更多
Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-assisted visible-light photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))presents a promising and environmentally friendly approach.However,pristine g-...Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-assisted visible-light photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))presents a promising and environmentally friendly approach.However,pristine g-C_(3)N_(4) suffers from limited visible-light absorption and low charge-carrier mobility.In this study,a phosphorus-doped tubular carbon nitride(5P-TCN)was synthesized via a precursor self-assembly method using phosphoric acid and melamine as raw materials,eliminating the need for organic solvents or templates.The 5P-TCN catalyst demonstrated enhanced visible-light absorption,improved charge transfer capability,and a 5.25-fold increase in specific surface area(31.092 m^(2)/g),which provided abundant active sites to efficiently drive the PMS-assisted photocatalytic reaction.The 5P-TCN/vis/PMS system exhibited exceptional degradation performance for organic pollutants across a broad pH range(3–9),achieving over 92%degradation of Rhodamine B(RhB)within 15 min.Notably,the system retained>98%RhB degradation efficiency after three consecutive operational cycles,demonstrating robust operational stability and reusability.Moreover,key parameters influencing,active radi-cals,degradation pathways,and potential mechanisms for RhB degradation were systematically investigated.This work proposes a green and cost-effective strategy for developing high-efficiency photocatalysts,while demon-strating the exceptional capability of a PMS-assisted photocatalytic system for rapid degradation of RhB.展开更多
Residential energy-use behavior and energy-saving awareness play a crucial role in sustainable urban energy planning and building energy efficiency,particularly under the pressures of climate change.However,existing s...Residential energy-use behavior and energy-saving awareness play a crucial role in sustainable urban energy planning and building energy efficiency,particularly under the pressures of climate change.However,existing studies often lack comparative analysis of urban-rural differences and tend to focus excessively on behavior patterns while neglecting the dimension of energysaving awareness.With China’s urbanization rate reaching 66.16%,understanding such regional disparities has become increasingly important.To address these research gaps,this study conducts a large-scale survey on space cooling behaviors among residents in Beijing,a representative Chinese megacity.It should be noted that living standards in such megacities are generally higher than the national average,which may shape distinctive energy-use profiles.Analyzing 1573valid samples(1064 urban/442 rural)in 2024,this study employed K-Prototypes and K-Modes clustering to identify typical cooling behavior and energy-saving awareness pattems,followed by Kendall/Chi-square correlation tests and XGBoost importance analysis to determine key influencing factors,with subsequent urban-rural comparative analysis.Results indicate that urban residents are primarily heat-sensitive or heat-tolerant,with a secondary patten of mid-low temperature preference,and generally exhibit long cooling durations;rural behavior is dominated by heat-tolerant type,followed by heat-sensitive,mid-low temperature preference,and never-on types as secondary patterns;both urban and rural areas exhibit energy-savingawareness characterized by low consumption-lowwillingness,though urban areas show marginally higher motivation;energy-saving awareness correlates with cooling behavior in rural areas,but this relationship weakens significantly in urban contexts.展开更多
With the rapid development of smart manufacturing,intelligent safety monitoring in industrial workshops has become increasingly important.To address the challenges of complex backgrounds,target scale variation,and exc...With the rapid development of smart manufacturing,intelligent safety monitoring in industrial workshops has become increasingly important.To address the challenges of complex backgrounds,target scale variation,and excessive model parameters in worker violation detection,this study proposes ADCP-YOLO,an enhanced lightweight model based on YOLOv8.Here,“ADCP”represents four key improvements:Alterable Kernel Convolution(AKConv),Dilated-Wise Residual(DWR)module,Channel Reconstruction Global Attention Mechanism(CRGAM),and Powerful-IoU loss.These components collaboratively enhance feature extraction,multi-scale perception,and localization accuracy while effectively reducing model complexity and computational cost.Experimental results show that ADCP-YOLO achieves a mAP of 90.6%,surpassing YOLOv8 by 3.0%with a 6.6%reduction in parameters.These findings demonstrate that ADCP-YOLO successfully balances accuracy and efficiency,offering a practical solution for intelligent safety monitoring in smart factory workshops.展开更多
Two supramolecular organic frameworks(SOFs)have been constructed from the co-assembly of biimidazolium-derived octacationic components and cucurbit[8]uril in water.Dynamic light scattering and ^(1)H NMR experiments re...Two supramolecular organic frameworks(SOFs)have been constructed from the co-assembly of biimidazolium-derived octacationic components and cucurbit[8]uril in water.Dynamic light scattering and ^(1)H NMR experiments reveal that both SOFs can undergo reversible assembly and disassembly at room temperature.One of the SOFs displays unprecedently high maximum tolerated dose of 120 mg/kg with mice,which improves by 40%compared with the highest value of the reported SOFs.In vitro and in vivo tests show that the SOF can adsorb doxorubicin and overcome the resistance of multidrugresistant MDR A549/ADR tumor cells to realize intracellular delivery,leading to enhanced antitumor efficacy.Moreover,it can also completely inhibit the posttreatment phototoxicity of photofrin and fully neutralize the anticoagulation of both unfractionated heparin and low molecular weight heparins through efficient inclusion and elimination or sequestration mechanism.As the first examples that undergo roomtemperature reversible assembly and disassembly,the new SOFs in principle allow for quantitative analysis of the molecular components in the body that is prerequisite for preclinical evaluation in the future.展开更多
This study utilizes wet/dry cyclic corrosion testing combined with corrosion big data technology to investigate the mechanism by which chloride ions(Cl^(-))influence the corrosion behavior of 650 MPa high-strength low...This study utilizes wet/dry cyclic corrosion testing combined with corrosion big data technology to investigate the mechanism by which chloride ions(Cl^(-))influence the corrosion behavior of 650 MPa high-strength low-alloy(HSLA)steel in industrially polluted environments.The corrosion process of 650 MPa HSLA steel occurred in two distinct stages:an initial corrosion stage and a stable corrosion stage.During the initial phase,the weight loss rate increased rapidly owing to the instability of the rust layer.Notably,this study demonstrated that 650 MPa HSLA steel exhibited superior corrosion resistance in Cl-containing environments.The formation of a corrosion-product film eventually reduced the weight-loss rate.However,the intrusion of Cl^(-)at increasing concentrations gradually destabilized theα/γ^(*)phases of the rust layer,leading to a looser structure and lower polarization resistance(R_(p)).The application of corrosion big data technology in this study facilitated the validation and analysis of the experimental results,offering new insights into the corrosion mechanisms of HSLA steel in chloride-rich environments.展开更多
Herein,a reusable and portable surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)sandpaper was successfully synthesized for the sensitive detection of S-fenvalerate in foods.Commercial sandpapers were decorated with Ag@SiO2@Au...Herein,a reusable and portable surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)sandpaper was successfully synthesized for the sensitive detection of S-fenvalerate in foods.Commercial sandpapers were decorated with Ag@SiO2@Au nanoarrays via a liquid-liquid interface self-assembly method.The capacity of sandpaper to float directly on the cyclohexane-water interface allows nanoarrays to be formed directly on it,thereby minimizing stacking issues typically associated with nanoarray assemblies and significantly enhancing the sensitivity of S-fenvalerate detection.Moreover,the SERS sandpaper was reusable and portable due to its strong adhesion of the nanoarrays.Under optimized testing conditions,the developed SERS sandpaper method was capable of detecting S-fenvalerate,demonstrating a strong linear response within a concentration range of 10^(–7)–10^(3)μmol/L,with a limit of detection of 1.92×10^(−8)μmol/L.The analysis of spiked food samples containing S-fenvalerate using the developed SERS sandpaper afforded excellent recoveries(92.2%−109.7%).Additionally,the SERS sandpaper was successfully applied to quantify S-fenvalerate in real food samples,with results consistent with analyses conducted using gas chromatography.展开更多
The volume change behavior of natural gas hydrate-bearing sediment is essential as it influences settlement,strength,and stiffness,which directly affect the stability of hydrate reservoirs during hydrate extraction or...The volume change behavior of natural gas hydrate-bearing sediment is essential as it influences settlement,strength,and stiffness,which directly affect the stability of hydrate reservoirs during hydrate extraction or in response to environmental changes.The volume change is influenced not only by stress but also by the formation and dissociation of hydrates.This study adopted a customized apparatus for one-dimensional compression tests,allowing independent control of gas pressure and effective stress.Tests were conducted on samples with different hydrate saturations along various temperature-gas pressure-effective stress paths,yielding some conclusions related to compressibility and creep.An unusual phenomenon was observed under low-stress conditions:hydrate formation led to shrinkage rather than expansion.Three potential mechanisms behind this occurrence were discussed.As hydrate saturation increases,the yield stress rises while the compression and swelling indexes remain minimally affected.After hydrate dissociation,the compression curve of hydrate-bearing sediment drops to that of hydrate-free sediment.Once hydrate is formed,the compression curve of hydrate-free sediment gradually approaches that of hydrate-bearing sediment during the subsequent loading.Under low-stress conditions,the creep of both hydrate-free and hydrate-bearing sediments is very weak.However,when stress increases,significantly beyond the yield stress,the creep of both sediments increases significantly,with hydrate-bearing sediment exhibiting much greater creep than hydrate-free sediment.展开更多
Molecular tailoring of self-assembled hole-transporting monolayers(SAMs)has been proven as an efficient approach for improving the device performance of inverted perovskite solar cells.Herein,a novel SAM with extended...Molecular tailoring of self-assembled hole-transporting monolayers(SAMs)has been proven as an efficient approach for improving the device performance of inverted perovskite solar cells.Herein,a novel SAM with extended conjugation is designed and synthesized,named NaPh-4PACz.Compared to Ph-4PACz,NaPh-4PACz exhibits a larger adsorption energy with the ITO substrate,enabling the formation of a more uniform and dense film,thereby preventing direct contact between the perovskite and ITO.Additionally,NaPh-4PACz also has a stronger interaction with the perovskite,which can reduce buried interface defects and suppress non-radiative recombination.Consequently,NaPh-4PACz-based devices achieved a power conversion efficiency of 25.48%due to their interfacial“adhesive”ability.Importantly,the stability of the NaPh-4PACz-based devices was significantly improved.展开更多
Flight behavior analysis provides the fundamental basis for the future development of air traffic management(ATM).The characteristics of aircraft behavior are inherently reflected in their flight trajectories,impactin...Flight behavior analysis provides the fundamental basis for the future development of air traffic management(ATM).The characteristics of aircraft behavior are inherently reflected in their flight trajectories,impacting flight efficiency and safety levels.However,existing research largely addresses inefficient or abnormal trajectories from a single perspective,with an absence of a unified evaluation standard.This paper introduces a method for analyzing flight deviation behavior based on automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast(ADS-B)data,defining novel metrics of trajectory redundancy and trajectory deviation.An adaptive detection algorithm is developed to capture diverse deviation patterns.Results reveal that higher trajectory redundancy is linked to lower operational efficiency,while trajectory deviation effectively identify stepped descents,holding patterns,detours,and other behaviors.The approach offers data-driven support for anomaly detection,performance evaluation and air traffic management,with substantial significance for civil aviation applications.展开更多
Urbanization destroys wildlife habitats,fragmenting them into small patches with poor connectivity,leading to population declines in species sensitive to such chan ges.Escape is the most common anti-predator strategy ...Urbanization destroys wildlife habitats,fragmenting them into small patches with poor connectivity,leading to population declines in species sensitive to such chan ges.Escape is the most common anti-predator strategy adopted by birds,refuges in habitats reduce or eliminate predation risk.Therefore,creating habitats with suitable refuges for birds has significant implications for their conservation.However,there have been few studies on refuge selection in birds.This study examined the Eurasian Tree Sparrow(Passer montanus)and Oriental Magpie(Pica serica)in urban and rural areas of Chengde City,northern China by measuring their alert distance(AD),flight initiation distance(FID),an d distance fled(DF)and analyzed their refuge selection characteristics after escaping.The FID/AD ratio was employed to assess the behavioral differences of birds in the risk trade-off.The results showed that the FID and FID/AD of both species were lower in urban areas than in rural areas and were negatively correlated with immediate human density.Sparrow FID was significantly affected by group size and landing substrate type.The FID of sparrows was positively correlated with the group size.The sparrows that fled to bushes escaped earlier.In urban and rural areas,sparrows exhibited significantly lower FID,DF,and FID/AD than magpies.The species adopted different refuge selection strategies,with magpies preferentially selecting trees with greater vertical height and sparrows selecting both trees and bushes.Further analysis indicated that the horizontal and vertical distances fled of both species were lower when fleeing to bushes.Urban planning and conservation areas construction should incorporate the ecological needs of local bird species to rationally configure their habitat structure,thereby optimizing the effect of avian conservation.展开更多
Drilling and blasting tunneling is a cyclic process in which tunnel rock undergoes repeated blast loading,affecting its dynamic characteristics,energy evolution,and damage progression.To explore the dynamic mechanical...Drilling and blasting tunneling is a cyclic process in which tunnel rock undergoes repeated blast loading,affecting its dynamic characteristics,energy evolution,and damage progression.To explore the dynamic mechanical properties and damage mechanisms of carbonaceous slate under cyclic impact loads of varying intensities,cyclic dynamic tests are conducted using a triaxial split Hopkinson pressure bar.This study analyzes the stress-strain relationship,energy damage evolution,and macro-to-micro failure characteristics.The results show that peak stress and strain are significantly influenced by impact intensity and the number of impacts.The initial dynamic stress is positively correlated with the impact intensity,but with more impact,the dynamic stress decreases while the peak strain increases.Energy evolution follows a pattern of"slow growthfluctuating growthrapid growth,"with the crack initiation stress and its proportion decreasing.CT and SEM analyses reveal that as the impact intensity increases,failure becomes more chaotic,the fracture volume increases,and the fracture mode shifts from interlayer and intergranular to through-layer and trans-granular fractures.These findings provide an experimental basis for soft rock tunnel stability analysis.展开更多
High-performance magnesium alloys are in great demand to meet the lightweight design requirements of aircraft.Grain size has long been recognized as a key factor influencing the mechanical properties of alloys.This st...High-performance magnesium alloys are in great demand to meet the lightweight design requirements of aircraft.Grain size has long been recognized as a key factor influencing the mechanical properties of alloys.This study investigates the effect of grain size,controlled by Zr addition,on the fatigue behavior of a recently developed low-cost Mg-2.6Nd-0.35Zn alloy,through systematic characterization and analysis of stress-life(S-N)curves,fatigue crack propagation,fracture surface morphology,stress intensity factor,and crack propagation threshold.The results show that after heat treatment(solution at 525±5℃ for 8 h and water quenching at 60-80℃,followed by aging at 250±5℃for 14 h and then air cooling),coarse-grained specimens(average grain size approximately 596μm)containing 0.12wt.%Zr exhibit greater resistance to fatigue crack propagation than fine-grained specimens(average grain size approximately 94μm)containing 0.46wt.%Zr.Coarse grains promote intergranular fracture,while fine grains favor transgranular fracture.In addition,coarse grains reduce the sensitivity of the crack tip to stress concentration.Furthermore,fine-grained samples demonstrate a longer total fatigue life,owing to their superior resistance to crack initiation,which significantly prolongs the crack initiation stage.These findings highlight the importance of optimizing grain size to achieve the best possible fatigue resistance in Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloys for practical engineering applications.展开更多
文摘A novel amphiphile of 4-[4-(4-decyloxyphenylazo) naphthyloxy] butyl trimethylammonium bromide has been synthesized. It can form the stable bilayer in dilute aqueous solution.
基金Suppored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( Nos 20374024 and 20534040) and the Program forChangjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in Universities(No IRT0422)
文摘The self-assembly behavior of the amphiphilic block copolymer poly（ methyl methacrylate） -block-poly（ lead dimethacrylate） （PMMA-b-PLDMA） with cross-linked hydrophilic block（PLDMA） in ethanol was investigated. The results show that the size and morphology of the resulting micelle or micellar aggregates are ascribed to the content of ethanol and the nature of the solvent mixture. PbS nanoparticles were formed in the micelle by in situ reaction with H2S gas. The morphology and size of the self-assembly objects were investigated using scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）.
文摘Taking a widely contaminated yet abundant waste,such as poultry feathers,and extracting keratin from this struc-ture appears to be a real challenge whenever the preservation of the secondary structure of the protein is desired.This process would allow exploiting it in ways(e.g.,in the biomedicalfield)that are inspired by a structure that is primarily designed forflight,therefore capable specifically of withstandingflexure and lateral buckling,also with very low thicknesses.The preservation of the structure is based on disulfide crosslinks,and it is offered with pre-ference by some chemical treatments,mainly those based on ionic liquid and on a reduction process.However,the degree of preservation cannot always be precisely assessed;however,beyond chemical characterization,the forma-tion of homogeneous gels can also suggest that the process was successful in this sense.An extraction respectful of nature’s intentions,considering that the secondary structure builds up according to the very function of the feath-ers in the animal,can be deemed to be biomimetic.In particular,biomimetic extractions comply with the very characteristics the protein was designed for to serve in the specific environmental and mechanical situation in which it is inserted.This review tries to elucidate in which cases this aim is achieved and for which specific appli-cations a chicken feather keratin that has preserved its secondary structure can be suited.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2105003,2022YFC2602500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(92469103,32400769,32300404)+6 种基金Chinese Academy of Sciences(YSBR-111,SAJC202402)Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department(202305AH340007,202301AT070343,202502AA310005)Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory(2025YKZY002)Kunming Science and Technology Bureau(2022SCP007)New Cornerstone Investigator Program from Shenzhen New Cornerstone Science Foundation(NCI202238)Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory Foundation(TFJC2023010007)Chinese Academy of Sciences and World Academy of Sciences(CAS-TWAS)President’s Fellowship Program(2019A8010415001)。
文摘Effective countermeasures against multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogens,such as carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),require the development of innovative antimicrobial strategies.This study presents a structure-function approach to antimicrobial peptide(AMP)design through the strategic integration of a cationic backbone with a hydrophobic core.This dual-domain architecture enables robust hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions,promoting spontaneous self-assembly and efficient membrane engagement.The lead peptide,Tryptolycin(TRPY),formed stable,monodisperse nanoparticles and demonstrated broad-spectrum bactericidal activity,with minimum inhibitory concentrations≤1μmol/L against multiple strains of MRSA and K.pneumoniae,while exerting minimal cytotoxicity toward mammalian cells.TRPY achieved rapid bacterial elimination,eradicating 99.9%of both planktonic and persister populations within minutes.Mechanistic investigations revealed that TRPY induced membrane permeabilization,promoted reactive oxygen species(ROS)production,and inhibited biofilm formation.In murine infection models,TRPY effectively eradicated established infections,reducing bacterial burden across target organs by 3-to 5-fold without significant cytotoxicity at therapeutic concentrations.Collectively,these findings establish TRPY as a promising therapeutic agent for clinical translation in the treatment of refractory bacterial infections.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52073063,61890940)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0703200)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(22ZR1405800 and 23ZR1405100)the Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at the Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning。
文摘(Hetero)cycloarenes possessing rigid molecular skeletons and largeπ-systems are the potential active materials in various electronic devices.However,the development of their organic electronics still lags far behind the synthetic chemistry.Herein,in order to bridge this gap,we reported the study of organic semiconductor materials based on heterocycloarenes in detail about the relationship between structure,properties,and device performance.Three varying straight alkyl chain substituted butterflyshaped heterocycloarenes PTZs were strategically synthesized.Compared with bulky aryl(mesityl)substituted PTZ1,PTZs show additional self-assembly behavior.Concentration-dependent^(1)H NMR spectra indicated that the self-assembly behavior can be modulated by the alkyl chain length.Medium alkyl chain length substituted heterocycloarene PTZ-C6 showed the strongest association constants of 490 M^(–1)in solution,and a similar trend was also observed in solid state by thin film absorption spectra.Remarkably,despite the nonplanar conjugated backbones,solution-processing thin film transistor based on PTZ-C6 exhibits hole mobility up to 0.13 cm^(2)V^(–1)s^(–1)and considerable current on/off ratio of 10^(5).Our study demonstrates that substituent engineering of heterocycloarenes is a powerful strategy for modulating self-assembling structures and promoting transistor device performance.
文摘Behavior recognition of Hu sheep contributes to their intensive and intelligent farming.Due to the generally high density of Hu sheep farming,severe occlusion occurs among different behaviors and even among sheep performing the same behavior,leading to missing and false detection issues in existing behavior recognition methods.A high-low frequency aggregated attention and negative sample comprehensive score loss and comprehensive score soft non-maximum suppression-YOLO(HLNC-YOLO)was proposed for identifying the behavior of Hu sheep,addressing the issues of missed and erroneous detections caused by occlusion between Hu sheep in intensive farming.Firstly,images of four typical behaviors-standing,lying,eating,and drinking-were collected from the sheep farm to construct the Hu sheep behavior dataset(HSBD).Next,to solve the occlusion issues,during the training phase,the C2F-HLAtt module was integrated,which combined high-low frequency aggregation attention,into the YOLO v8 Backbone to perceive occluded objects and introduce an auxiliary reversible branch to retain more effective features.Using comprehensive score regression loss(CSLoss)to reduce the scores of suboptimal boxes and enhance the comprehensive scores of occluded object boxes.Finally,the soft comprehensive score non-maximal suppression(Soft-CS-NMS)algorithm filtered prediction boxes during the inferencing.Testing on the HSBD,HLNC-YOLO achieved a mean average precision(mAP@50)of 87.8%,with a memory footprint of 17.4 MB.This represented an improvement of 7.1,2.2,4.6,and 11 percentage points over YOLO v8,YOLO v9,YOLO v10,and Faster R-CNN,respectively.Research indicated that the HLNC-YOLO accurately identified the behavior of Hu sheep in intensive farming and possessed generalization capabilities,providing technical support for smart farming.
文摘To investigate the influence of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy with as-homogenized and as-rolled initial microstructures on the tensile flow behavior,isothermal tensile tests were conducted on a GLEEBLE-3500 isothermal simulator at temperatures of 380-440℃and strain rates of 0.05-1 s^(−1).The Johnson-Cook model,Hensel-Spittel model,strain-compensated Arrhenius model,and critical fracture strain model were established.Results show that through the evaluation of the models using the correlation coefficient(R)and the average absolute relative error,the strain-compensated Arrhenius model can represent the flow behavior of the alloy more accurately.Shear bands are more pronounced in the as-homogenized specimens,whereas dynamic recrystallization is predominantly observed in as-rolled specimens.Fracture morphology analysis reveals that a mixed fracture mechanism is prevalent in the as-homogenized specimen,whereas a ductile fracture mechanism is predominant in the as-rolled specimen.The processing maps indicate that the unstable region is reduced in the as-rolled specimens compared with that in the as-homogenized specimens.The optimal hot working windows for the as-homogenized and as-rolled specimens are determined as 410-440℃/0.14-1 s^(−1)and 380-400℃/0.05-0.29 s^(−1),respectively.
文摘Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2026)18:10.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01852-8 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the last author’s name was inadvertently misspelled.The published version showed“Hongzhen Chen”,whereas the correct spelling should be“Hongzheng Chen”.The correct author name has been provided in this Correction,and the original article[1]has been corrected.
文摘Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-assisted visible-light photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))presents a promising and environmentally friendly approach.However,pristine g-C_(3)N_(4) suffers from limited visible-light absorption and low charge-carrier mobility.In this study,a phosphorus-doped tubular carbon nitride(5P-TCN)was synthesized via a precursor self-assembly method using phosphoric acid and melamine as raw materials,eliminating the need for organic solvents or templates.The 5P-TCN catalyst demonstrated enhanced visible-light absorption,improved charge transfer capability,and a 5.25-fold increase in specific surface area(31.092 m^(2)/g),which provided abundant active sites to efficiently drive the PMS-assisted photocatalytic reaction.The 5P-TCN/vis/PMS system exhibited exceptional degradation performance for organic pollutants across a broad pH range(3–9),achieving over 92%degradation of Rhodamine B(RhB)within 15 min.Notably,the system retained>98%RhB degradation efficiency after three consecutive operational cycles,demonstrating robust operational stability and reusability.Moreover,key parameters influencing,active radi-cals,degradation pathways,and potential mechanisms for RhB degradation were systematically investigated.This work proposes a green and cost-effective strategy for developing high-efficiency photocatalysts,while demon-strating the exceptional capability of a PMS-assisted photocatalytic system for rapid degradation of RhB.
文摘Residential energy-use behavior and energy-saving awareness play a crucial role in sustainable urban energy planning and building energy efficiency,particularly under the pressures of climate change.However,existing studies often lack comparative analysis of urban-rural differences and tend to focus excessively on behavior patterns while neglecting the dimension of energysaving awareness.With China’s urbanization rate reaching 66.16%,understanding such regional disparities has become increasingly important.To address these research gaps,this study conducts a large-scale survey on space cooling behaviors among residents in Beijing,a representative Chinese megacity.It should be noted that living standards in such megacities are generally higher than the national average,which may shape distinctive energy-use profiles.Analyzing 1573valid samples(1064 urban/442 rural)in 2024,this study employed K-Prototypes and K-Modes clustering to identify typical cooling behavior and energy-saving awareness pattems,followed by Kendall/Chi-square correlation tests and XGBoost importance analysis to determine key influencing factors,with subsequent urban-rural comparative analysis.Results indicate that urban residents are primarily heat-sensitive or heat-tolerant,with a secondary patten of mid-low temperature preference,and generally exhibit long cooling durations;rural behavior is dominated by heat-tolerant type,followed by heat-sensitive,mid-low temperature preference,and never-on types as secondary patterns;both urban and rural areas exhibit energy-savingawareness characterized by low consumption-lowwillingness,though urban areas show marginally higher motivation;energy-saving awareness correlates with cooling behavior in rural areas,but this relationship weakens significantly in urban contexts.
基金TheNationalNatural Science Foundation ofChina(Nos.62272418,62102058)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation Major Project(No.LD24F020004)the Major Open Project of Key Laboratory for Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing of the Ministry of Education(No.ADIC2023ZD001).
文摘With the rapid development of smart manufacturing,intelligent safety monitoring in industrial workshops has become increasingly important.To address the challenges of complex backgrounds,target scale variation,and excessive model parameters in worker violation detection,this study proposes ADCP-YOLO,an enhanced lightweight model based on YOLOv8.Here,“ADCP”represents four key improvements:Alterable Kernel Convolution(AKConv),Dilated-Wise Residual(DWR)module,Channel Reconstruction Global Attention Mechanism(CRGAM),and Powerful-IoU loss.These components collaboratively enhance feature extraction,multi-scale perception,and localization accuracy while effectively reducing model complexity and computational cost.Experimental results show that ADCP-YOLO achieves a mAP of 90.6%,surpassing YOLOv8 by 3.0%with a 6.6%reduction in parameters.These findings demonstrate that ADCP-YOLO successfully balances accuracy and efficiency,offering a practical solution for intelligent safety monitoring in smart factory workshops.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21921003 for Z.T.L.and 22201293 for S.B.Y.)Shanghai Sailing Program(No.22YF1458300 for S.B.Y.)for financial support。
文摘Two supramolecular organic frameworks(SOFs)have been constructed from the co-assembly of biimidazolium-derived octacationic components and cucurbit[8]uril in water.Dynamic light scattering and ^(1)H NMR experiments reveal that both SOFs can undergo reversible assembly and disassembly at room temperature.One of the SOFs displays unprecedently high maximum tolerated dose of 120 mg/kg with mice,which improves by 40%compared with the highest value of the reported SOFs.In vitro and in vivo tests show that the SOF can adsorb doxorubicin and overcome the resistance of multidrugresistant MDR A549/ADR tumor cells to realize intracellular delivery,leading to enhanced antitumor efficacy.Moreover,it can also completely inhibit the posttreatment phototoxicity of photofrin and fully neutralize the anticoagulation of both unfractionated heparin and low molecular weight heparins through efficient inclusion and elimination or sequestration mechanism.As the first examples that undergo roomtemperature reversible assembly and disassembly,the new SOFs in principle allow for quantitative analysis of the molecular components in the body that is prerequisite for preclinical evaluation in the future.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52104319 and 52374323)。
文摘This study utilizes wet/dry cyclic corrosion testing combined with corrosion big data technology to investigate the mechanism by which chloride ions(Cl^(-))influence the corrosion behavior of 650 MPa high-strength low-alloy(HSLA)steel in industrially polluted environments.The corrosion process of 650 MPa HSLA steel occurred in two distinct stages:an initial corrosion stage and a stable corrosion stage.During the initial phase,the weight loss rate increased rapidly owing to the instability of the rust layer.Notably,this study demonstrated that 650 MPa HSLA steel exhibited superior corrosion resistance in Cl-containing environments.The formation of a corrosion-product film eventually reduced the weight-loss rate.However,the intrusion of Cl^(-)at increasing concentrations gradually destabilized theα/γ^(*)phases of the rust layer,leading to a looser structure and lower polarization resistance(R_(p)).The application of corrosion big data technology in this study facilitated the validation and analysis of the experimental results,offering new insights into the corrosion mechanisms of HSLA steel in chloride-rich environments.
基金financially supported by the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China(2023CXGC010712).
文摘Herein,a reusable and portable surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)sandpaper was successfully synthesized for the sensitive detection of S-fenvalerate in foods.Commercial sandpapers were decorated with Ag@SiO2@Au nanoarrays via a liquid-liquid interface self-assembly method.The capacity of sandpaper to float directly on the cyclohexane-water interface allows nanoarrays to be formed directly on it,thereby minimizing stacking issues typically associated with nanoarray assemblies and significantly enhancing the sensitivity of S-fenvalerate detection.Moreover,the SERS sandpaper was reusable and portable due to its strong adhesion of the nanoarrays.Under optimized testing conditions,the developed SERS sandpaper method was capable of detecting S-fenvalerate,demonstrating a strong linear response within a concentration range of 10^(–7)–10^(3)μmol/L,with a limit of detection of 1.92×10^(−8)μmol/L.The analysis of spiked food samples containing S-fenvalerate using the developed SERS sandpaper afforded excellent recoveries(92.2%−109.7%).Additionally,the SERS sandpaper was successfully applied to quantify S-fenvalerate in real food samples,with results consistent with analyses conducted using gas chromatography.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42171135)the Science and Technology Program of CNOOC Research Institute(Grant No.2023OTKK03)the“CUG Scholar”Scientific Research Funds at China University of Geosciences(Project No.2022098).
文摘The volume change behavior of natural gas hydrate-bearing sediment is essential as it influences settlement,strength,and stiffness,which directly affect the stability of hydrate reservoirs during hydrate extraction or in response to environmental changes.The volume change is influenced not only by stress but also by the formation and dissociation of hydrates.This study adopted a customized apparatus for one-dimensional compression tests,allowing independent control of gas pressure and effective stress.Tests were conducted on samples with different hydrate saturations along various temperature-gas pressure-effective stress paths,yielding some conclusions related to compressibility and creep.An unusual phenomenon was observed under low-stress conditions:hydrate formation led to shrinkage rather than expansion.Three potential mechanisms behind this occurrence were discussed.As hydrate saturation increases,the yield stress rises while the compression and swelling indexes remain minimally affected.After hydrate dissociation,the compression curve of hydrate-bearing sediment drops to that of hydrate-free sediment.Once hydrate is formed,the compression curve of hydrate-free sediment gradually approaches that of hydrate-bearing sediment during the subsequent loading.Under low-stress conditions,the creep of both hydrate-free and hydrate-bearing sediments is very weak.However,when stress increases,significantly beyond the yield stress,the creep of both sediments increases significantly,with hydrate-bearing sediment exhibiting much greater creep than hydrate-free sediment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61904053,22279033)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB4204502)+2 种基金the 111 Project(B16016)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2025MS043)the Special Foundation for Carbon Peak Carbon Neutralization Technology Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2022026).
文摘Molecular tailoring of self-assembled hole-transporting monolayers(SAMs)has been proven as an efficient approach for improving the device performance of inverted perovskite solar cells.Herein,a novel SAM with extended conjugation is designed and synthesized,named NaPh-4PACz.Compared to Ph-4PACz,NaPh-4PACz exhibits a larger adsorption energy with the ITO substrate,enabling the formation of a more uniform and dense film,thereby preventing direct contact between the perovskite and ITO.Additionally,NaPh-4PACz also has a stronger interaction with the perovskite,which can reduce buried interface defects and suppress non-radiative recombination.Consequently,NaPh-4PACz-based devices achieved a power conversion efficiency of 25.48%due to their interfacial“adhesive”ability.Importantly,the stability of the NaPh-4PACz-based devices was significantly improved.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB4302903)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.210525001464)。
文摘Flight behavior analysis provides the fundamental basis for the future development of air traffic management(ATM).The characteristics of aircraft behavior are inherently reflected in their flight trajectories,impacting flight efficiency and safety levels.However,existing research largely addresses inefficient or abnormal trajectories from a single perspective,with an absence of a unified evaluation standard.This paper introduces a method for analyzing flight deviation behavior based on automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast(ADS-B)data,defining novel metrics of trajectory redundancy and trajectory deviation.An adaptive detection algorithm is developed to capture diverse deviation patterns.Results reveal that higher trajectory redundancy is linked to lower operational efficiency,while trajectory deviation effectively identify stepped descents,holding patterns,detours,and other behaviors.The approach offers data-driven support for anomaly detection,performance evaluation and air traffic management,with substantial significance for civil aviation applications.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(C2025201032 to J.W.)High-Level Talents Research Start-Up Project of Hebei University(521100222044 to J.W.)+1 种基金the Huizhi Lead Innovation Space Project in High-tech Zone of Chengde City(HZLC202410 to L.M.)National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202510098011 to H.Z.)。
文摘Urbanization destroys wildlife habitats,fragmenting them into small patches with poor connectivity,leading to population declines in species sensitive to such chan ges.Escape is the most common anti-predator strategy adopted by birds,refuges in habitats reduce or eliminate predation risk.Therefore,creating habitats with suitable refuges for birds has significant implications for their conservation.However,there have been few studies on refuge selection in birds.This study examined the Eurasian Tree Sparrow(Passer montanus)and Oriental Magpie(Pica serica)in urban and rural areas of Chengde City,northern China by measuring their alert distance(AD),flight initiation distance(FID),an d distance fled(DF)and analyzed their refuge selection characteristics after escaping.The FID/AD ratio was employed to assess the behavioral differences of birds in the risk trade-off.The results showed that the FID and FID/AD of both species were lower in urban areas than in rural areas and were negatively correlated with immediate human density.Sparrow FID was significantly affected by group size and landing substrate type.The FID of sparrows was positively correlated with the group size.The sparrows that fled to bushes escaped earlier.In urban and rural areas,sparrows exhibited significantly lower FID,DF,and FID/AD than magpies.The species adopted different refuge selection strategies,with magpies preferentially selecting trees with greater vertical height and sparrows selecting both trees and bushes.Further analysis indicated that the horizontal and vertical distances fled of both species were lower when fleeing to bushes.Urban planning and conservation areas construction should incorporate the ecological needs of local bird species to rationally configure their habitat structure,thereby optimizing the effect of avian conservation.
基金support from the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U23A2060)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42177143 and 52474150).
文摘Drilling and blasting tunneling is a cyclic process in which tunnel rock undergoes repeated blast loading,affecting its dynamic characteristics,energy evolution,and damage progression.To explore the dynamic mechanical properties and damage mechanisms of carbonaceous slate under cyclic impact loads of varying intensities,cyclic dynamic tests are conducted using a triaxial split Hopkinson pressure bar.This study analyzes the stress-strain relationship,energy damage evolution,and macro-to-micro failure characteristics.The results show that peak stress and strain are significantly influenced by impact intensity and the number of impacts.The initial dynamic stress is positively correlated with the impact intensity,but with more impact,the dynamic stress decreases while the peak strain increases.Energy evolution follows a pattern of"slow growthfluctuating growthrapid growth,"with the crack initiation stress and its proportion decreasing.CT and SEM analyses reveal that as the impact intensity increases,failure becomes more chaotic,the fracture volume increases,and the fracture mode shifts from interlayer and intergranular to through-layer and trans-granular fractures.These findings provide an experimental basis for soft rock tunnel stability analysis.
文摘High-performance magnesium alloys are in great demand to meet the lightweight design requirements of aircraft.Grain size has long been recognized as a key factor influencing the mechanical properties of alloys.This study investigates the effect of grain size,controlled by Zr addition,on the fatigue behavior of a recently developed low-cost Mg-2.6Nd-0.35Zn alloy,through systematic characterization and analysis of stress-life(S-N)curves,fatigue crack propagation,fracture surface morphology,stress intensity factor,and crack propagation threshold.The results show that after heat treatment(solution at 525±5℃ for 8 h and water quenching at 60-80℃,followed by aging at 250±5℃for 14 h and then air cooling),coarse-grained specimens(average grain size approximately 596μm)containing 0.12wt.%Zr exhibit greater resistance to fatigue crack propagation than fine-grained specimens(average grain size approximately 94μm)containing 0.46wt.%Zr.Coarse grains promote intergranular fracture,while fine grains favor transgranular fracture.In addition,coarse grains reduce the sensitivity of the crack tip to stress concentration.Furthermore,fine-grained samples demonstrate a longer total fatigue life,owing to their superior resistance to crack initiation,which significantly prolongs the crack initiation stage.These findings highlight the importance of optimizing grain size to achieve the best possible fatigue resistance in Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloys for practical engineering applications.
