The Self-Propping Phase-transition Fracturing Technology(SPFT)represents a novel and environmentally friendly approach for a cost-effective and efficient development of the world’s abundant unconventional resources,e...The Self-Propping Phase-transition Fracturing Technology(SPFT)represents a novel and environmentally friendly approach for a cost-effective and efficient development of the world’s abundant unconventional resources,especially in the context of a carbon-constrained sustainable future.SPFT involves the coupling of Thermal,Hydraulic,Mechanical,and Chemical(THMC)fields,which makes it challenging to understand the mechanism and path of hydraulic fracture propagation.This study addresses these challenges by developing a set of THMC multifield coupling models based on SPFT parameters and the physical/chemical characteristics of the Phase-transition Fracturing Fluid System(PFFS).An algorithm,integrating the Finite Element Method,Discretized Virtual Internal Bonds,and Element Partition Method(FEM-DVIB-EPM),is proposed and validated through a case study.The results demonstrate that the FEM-DVIB-EPM coupling algorithm reduces complexity and enhances solving efficiency.The length of the hydraulic fracture increases with the quantity and displacement of PFFS,and excessive displacement may result in uncontrolled fracture height.Within the parameters considered,a minimal difference in fracture length is observed when the PFFS amount exceeds 130 m^(3),that means the fracture length tends to stabilize.This study contributes to understanding the hydraulic fracture propagation mechanism induced by SPFT,offering insights for optimizing hydraulic fracturing technology and treatment parameters.展开更多
Aims: This study was designed to verify the proportion of Japanese adults with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) who met the diagnostic criteria (other than E) for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) ...Aims: This study was designed to verify the proportion of Japanese adults with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) who met the diagnostic criteria (other than E) for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). Furthermore, we examined to what extent adults with PDD think that they exhibit ADHD symptoms. Methods: We developed an original Japanese self-report questionnaire to determine the presence or absence of 18 symptoms from the diagnostic criteria for ADHD in the DSM-IV-TR. We administered the questionnaire to 64 adults with high-functioning PDD (45 men and 19 women) and 21 adults with ADHD (10 men and 11 women), aged 18 to 59 years, with a full-scale intelligence quotient ≥75. Target patients were evaluated for ADHD by their psychiatrists. Results: Twenty-nine (45.3%) adults with PDD also had ADHD. The percentage of these adults who had over six perceived inattention symptoms from the DSM-IV-TR was 96.6%. The percentage of these adults who had over six perceived hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms was 65.5%. Thirty-five (55.6%) adults with PDD responded that they were aware of having ADHD symptoms at the level of the relevant diagnostic criteria. Conclusions: The present study is the first to examine the frequency of objective and perceived ADHD symptoms in adults with PDD in Japan. Our results show that both objective and perceived ADHD symptoms frequently appear in a large number of adults with PDD. This suggests that it is necessary to attend to concomitant ADHD symptoms in the medical care of adults with PDD.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52179112)the Open Fund of National Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation(Southwest Petroleum University)(PLN2023-02)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2021FZZX001-14).
文摘The Self-Propping Phase-transition Fracturing Technology(SPFT)represents a novel and environmentally friendly approach for a cost-effective and efficient development of the world’s abundant unconventional resources,especially in the context of a carbon-constrained sustainable future.SPFT involves the coupling of Thermal,Hydraulic,Mechanical,and Chemical(THMC)fields,which makes it challenging to understand the mechanism and path of hydraulic fracture propagation.This study addresses these challenges by developing a set of THMC multifield coupling models based on SPFT parameters and the physical/chemical characteristics of the Phase-transition Fracturing Fluid System(PFFS).An algorithm,integrating the Finite Element Method,Discretized Virtual Internal Bonds,and Element Partition Method(FEM-DVIB-EPM),is proposed and validated through a case study.The results demonstrate that the FEM-DVIB-EPM coupling algorithm reduces complexity and enhances solving efficiency.The length of the hydraulic fracture increases with the quantity and displacement of PFFS,and excessive displacement may result in uncontrolled fracture height.Within the parameters considered,a minimal difference in fracture length is observed when the PFFS amount exceeds 130 m^(3),that means the fracture length tends to stabilize.This study contributes to understanding the hydraulic fracture propagation mechanism induced by SPFT,offering insights for optimizing hydraulic fracturing technology and treatment parameters.
文摘Aims: This study was designed to verify the proportion of Japanese adults with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) who met the diagnostic criteria (other than E) for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). Furthermore, we examined to what extent adults with PDD think that they exhibit ADHD symptoms. Methods: We developed an original Japanese self-report questionnaire to determine the presence or absence of 18 symptoms from the diagnostic criteria for ADHD in the DSM-IV-TR. We administered the questionnaire to 64 adults with high-functioning PDD (45 men and 19 women) and 21 adults with ADHD (10 men and 11 women), aged 18 to 59 years, with a full-scale intelligence quotient ≥75. Target patients were evaluated for ADHD by their psychiatrists. Results: Twenty-nine (45.3%) adults with PDD also had ADHD. The percentage of these adults who had over six perceived inattention symptoms from the DSM-IV-TR was 96.6%. The percentage of these adults who had over six perceived hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms was 65.5%. Thirty-five (55.6%) adults with PDD responded that they were aware of having ADHD symptoms at the level of the relevant diagnostic criteria. Conclusions: The present study is the first to examine the frequency of objective and perceived ADHD symptoms in adults with PDD in Japan. Our results show that both objective and perceived ADHD symptoms frequently appear in a large number of adults with PDD. This suggests that it is necessary to attend to concomitant ADHD symptoms in the medical care of adults with PDD.
