[Objectives] The aims were to optimize the extraction process of selenoproteins from selenium-enriched rice in Guangxi and provide references for the intensive processing and comprehensive utilization of selenium prot...[Objectives] The aims were to optimize the extraction process of selenoproteins from selenium-enriched rice in Guangxi and provide references for the intensive processing and comprehensive utilization of selenium protein resources. [Methods]Selenium-enriched rice was used as materials to extract selenoproteins by phosphate buffer extraction method and to optimize the extraction process of selenoproteins by using the orthogonal experiment. Proteins and selenium content was measured by Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 reagent and AFS（ atomic fluorescence spectrometry） respectively. [Results] The most significant factor affecting extraction of rice Selenoproteins was extraction NaO H concentration,followed by the ratio of solid-liquid,temperature and then extraction time. The optimum extraction conditions of selenoproteins from rice were extraction temperature of 50 ℃,NaO H concentration of 0. 14 mol/L,extraction time of 5 h,and solid-liquid ratio of 1∶ 30. [Conclusions]The alkali extraction process optimized by orthogonal test could effectively improve the extraction rate of selenoproteins,and the optimized process parameters could be popularized and applied in practical production.展开更多
[Objectives]Selenium(Se)-enriched rice is the main type of Se-enriched agricultural product developed in China,and this study aimed to understand the impact of selenium application on the metabolites in rice.[Methods]...[Objectives]Selenium(Se)-enriched rice is the main type of Se-enriched agricultural product developed in China,and this study aimed to understand the impact of selenium application on the metabolites in rice.[Methods]Se-enriched rice was prepared by foliar application of a sodium selenite aqueous solution,and high-throughput analysis of differential metabolites in Se-enriched rice was conducted based on extensive non-targeted metabolome.[Results]There were significant differences in metabolites between Se-enriched rice and ordinary rice,and a total of 535 differential metabolites were identified.Among them,420 metabolites in Se-enriched rice were upregulated,accounting for 78.5%,far higher than downregulated metabolites.The enrichment differences of three KEGG metabolic pathways,including cysteine and methionine metabolism,zeatin biosynthesis,and arachidonic acid metabolism,reached a significant level,indicating that selenium enrichment had a significant regulatory effect on the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids,the synthesis of natural cytokinin zeatin,and arachidonic acid bioactive components in rice.[Conclusions]The results can provide a theoretical basis for the production of Se-enriched rice.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the effects of selenium fertilizer on rice growth and selenium enrichment.[Methods]Using high-quality rice varieties as experimental materials,exogenous selenium fertilizer was sprayed at two cr...[Objectives]To explore the effects of selenium fertilizer on rice growth and selenium enrichment.[Methods]Using high-quality rice varieties as experimental materials,exogenous selenium fertilizer was sprayed at two critical periods of tillering stage and full heading stage to explore the effects of different selenium treatments on rice agronomic traits,leaf SPAD value and yield.[Results]Spraying selenium fertilizer could promote the growth of rice,and the selenium enrichment effect in the aboveground parts of the plant was obvious.The selenium content of rice(milled rice)was 0.04-0.07 mg/kg.[Conclusions]This study lays a foundation for the promotion of suitable leaf fertilizers in Zhaoqing City,and is expected to promote the cultivation and promotion of selenium-enriched rice.展开更多
Background Organic selenium(Se)has gained recognition in poultry nutrition as a feed additive to boost production and Se deposition in eggs and tissues,owing to its high bioavailability,efficient tissue accumulation a...Background Organic selenium(Se)has gained recognition in poultry nutrition as a feed additive to boost production and Se deposition in eggs and tissues,owing to its high bioavailability,efficient tissue accumulation and minimal toxicity.Selenium-enriched yeast(SeY)is a well-established source,while selenium-enriched lactobacilli(SeL),a newer alternative,offers the added benefits of probiotics.This study examined the effects of SeY and SeL on egg quality,antioxidant capacity,Se deposition,and gut health in laying hens.After a two-week pre-treatment with a Sedeficient diet(SeD),450 Hy-Line Brown laying hens(30-week-old)were assigned into five dietary groups with six replicates of 15 hens each.The groups included a SeD,SeD supplemented with 1.5 mg Se/kg from SeY(SeY15),or 1.5,3.0,and 6.0 mg Se/kg from SeL(SeL15,SeL30,SeL60).The feeding trial lasted for 12 weeks.Results SeY15 and SeL15 improved the feed-to-egg ratio(P<0.05)in the latter stages.Haugh units were significantly increased(P<0.05)in the SeY15 and SeL30 groups,while darker yolk color(P<0.05)was observed in the SeY15,SeL15,and SeL60 groups.All Se-supplemented diets increased Se content in whole eggs,albumen,and yolk(P<0.05),while SeL groups showed a dose-dependent effect.Antioxidant enzyme activities increased,and MDA content decreased in the serum(P<0.05),with SeY15 showing the highest GSH-Px levels(P<0.05).SeL60 increased serum alkaline phosphatase and aspartate transaminase,and distorted the liver architecture(P<0.05).Se-diets reduced concentrations of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the ileum and liver(P<0.05).SeL15 improved the ileal villus height-tocrypt depth ratio(P<0.05).SeY15 and/or SeL15 up-regulated TXNRD1 and SEPHS1 mRNA while down-regulating SCLY expression in the liver.SeY15 altered ileal microbiota by increasing both beneficial and pathogenic bacteria,whereas SeL15 predominantly boosted beneficial bacteria.Conclusion SeL integrates the antioxidant properties of organic Se with the probiotic benefits on gut health,resulting in a performance-enhancing effect comparable to that of SeY.However,high SeL level(6.0 mg Se/kg)compromised productivity and metabolic functions while enhancing Se deposition.展开更多
Photorespiration consumes photosynthetically fixed carbon and reduces yields by 20%–50%in C3 crops.In an attempt to increase photosynthetic efficiency in rice by bypassing the carbon-consuming process of photorespira...Photorespiration consumes photosynthetically fixed carbon and reduces yields by 20%–50%in C3 crops.In an attempt to increase photosynthetic efficiency in rice by bypassing the carbon-consuming process of photorespiration,a photorespiratory bypass consisting of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii glycolate dehydrogenase and Cucurbita maxima malate synthase(termed the GMS bypass)was introduced into the rice cultivar Zhonghua 11 and osplgg1b,a mutant of the rice chloroplast glycolate transporter,to generate GMS/ZH11 and GMS/osplgg1b transgenic plants.The GMS bypass reduced photorespiration and increased photosynthesis in the transgenic plants.The straw biomass of GMS/ZH11 and GMS/osplgg1b increased by up to 16.0%and 85.7%,respectively.The yield of GMS/ZH11 increased by 22.0%–34.7%in paddy fields.Thus,the GMS bypass can increase photosynthetic efficiency and yield in rice.展开更多
The breakthrough in super hybrid rice yield has significantly contributed to China’s and global food security.However,the inherent conflict between high productivity and environmentally sustainable agriculture poses ...The breakthrough in super hybrid rice yield has significantly contributed to China’s and global food security.However,the inherent conflict between high productivity and environmentally sustainable agriculture poses substantial challenges.Issues such as water scarcity,energy crises,escalating greenhouse gas emissions,and diminishing farm profitability threaten longterm agricultural sustainability.In response,we applied a holistic food–carbon–nitrogen–water–energy–profit (FCNWEP)nexus framework to comprehensively assess the sustainability of distinct crop management strategies across three subsites in Central China.Field experiments were conducted in Hubei and Hunan provinces from 2017 to 2021 using a widely adopted elite super hybrid rice cultivar (Y-liangyou 900).Four crop management treatments were implemented:a control(CK,0 kg N ha^(-1)),conventional crop management (CCM,210–250 kg N ha^(-1),7:3 basal:mid-tiller fertilizer ratio),and two integrated crop management (ICM) treatments (ICM1,180–210 kg N ha^(-1),5:2:3 basal:mid-tiller:panicle initiation fertilizer ratio;ICM2,240–270 kg N ha^(-1),5:2:2:1 basal:mid-tiller:panicle initiation:flowering fertilizer ratio).Variables assessed included grain yield,carbon footprint,nitrogen footprint,water footprint,energy footprint,nitrogen use efficiency,and economic benefits.Our results showed significant yield variations,with ICM2 consistently outperforming CCM and ICM1across all three sites.In Jingzhou,Suizhou,and Changsha,ICM2’s grain yield was 30.2,24.7,and 13.3%higher than CCM,respectively.Net profits under ICM2 exceeded those of CCM and ICM1 by 31.8 and 115.2%in Jingzhou,32.2 and 109.9%in Suizhou,and 15.4 and 34.0%in Changsha,respectively.Integrated crop management,particularly ICM2,demonstrated improved nitrogen and energy use efficiency,leading to reduced carbon,nitrogen,water,and energy footprints.Overall,composite sustainability scores derived from the FCNWEP framework indicated that both ICM2 and ICM1 exhibited higher sustainability levels compared to CCM.This study provides valuable insights into practical management methodologies and offers recommendations for enhancing agricultural sustainability.展开更多
The rice ratooning system has attracted increasing attention in southern China due to its low carbon emissions and high yield potential.However,the net carbon budget and underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Three rice...The rice ratooning system has attracted increasing attention in southern China due to its low carbon emissions and high yield potential.However,the net carbon budget and underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Three rice cropping systems were established in this trial experiment conducted from 2021 to 2022 in Fuzhou(25°05'N,119°13'E),Southeast China:ratooning rice(RR:MC+RSR)pattern for rice ratooning,single-cropping rice(LR_(1)),and double-cropping rice(DC:ER+LR_(2)).The closed static dark box gas collection,dry matter determination,life cycle assessment(LCA)etc.approaches were utilized to investigate the mechanism of“high carbon fixation–low emissions”mechanism in RR.A comprehensive assessment was conducted across multiple dimensions,including crop yield,greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,carbon and nitrogen footprints,resource use efficiency,carbon sequestration capacity,and carbon budget balance.Results showed that the average daily yield of ratoon season rice(RSR)across RR treatments from 2021 to 2022 was 28.21–47.40%higher than that of the main crop(MC)and LR_(1),and the average daily yield of RR was 13.50–27.76%higher than DC.This yield advantage was attributed to a 32.32–39.26%increase in the allocation of^(13)C-labeled photosynthetic products(including non-structural carbohydrates,NSCs)to panicle organs,and a 21.77–43.51%reduction in allocation to underground roots and soil.Furthermore,the average daily global warming potential(GWP)was 16.44 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for RR,24.99 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for LR_(1),and 21.32 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for DC.Specifically,the average daily GWP of ratoon rice was 34.21%lower than that of LR_(1) and 22.90%lower than double-cropping rice.Similarly,the average daily greenhouse gas intensity(GHGI)of ratoon rice was 62.28%lower than LR_(1) and 28.96%lower than double-cropping rice.In terms of carbon and nitrogen footprints,the ratoon rice system exhibited average daily values of 34.54 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)and 0.47 kg N ha^(–1),respectively.In comparison,LR_(1) had values of 45.63 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)and 0.49 kg N ha^(–1),while double-cropping rice showed 43.38 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)and 0.53 kg N ha^(–1).These values represent reductions of 24.30%in carbon footprint and4.28%in nitrogen footprint relative to LR_(1),and 20.38 and 11.45%relative to double-cropping rice,respectively.Moreover,the average annual carbon budget surplus across systems was 22,380.01 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for ratoon rice(MC+RSR),11,228.54 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for LR_(1),and 23,772.15 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for DC.Consequently,the resource utilization efficiency of the RR was 24.42 and 47.50%higher than that of single-cropping and double-cropping systems,respectively.Average daily economic returns also increased by 32.71 and 80.75%,respectively.These findings provide a robust theoretical foundation and practical guidance for advancing agricultural carbon neutrality technologies and ensuring food security.展开更多
To examine the impact of anthropogenic land reconstruction,particularly the consolidation of small terraces into larger fields,on soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN)dynamics,rice yield,and its components,soil ...To examine the impact of anthropogenic land reconstruction,particularly the consolidation of small terraces into larger fields,on soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN)dynamics,rice yield,and its components,soil and plant samples were collected from seven newly reconstructed fields in Japanese Andosols in Tochigi,Japan.Samples were obtained from both the former low-and high-elevation sides within each field plot.During harvest season,nine rice plants were randomly selected from each plot(0.675 m^(2),comprising 3 rows and 3 hills per row),collected from a 3-m stretch along both the east(former low side)and west(former high side)ridges.Soil cores were collected from identical plots at two depths(0–15 and 15–30 cm)and combined into one composite sample per layer.Rice plant samples were air-dried for two weeks until reaching constant moisture content,after which stems and ears were separated and weighed to determine biomass,yield,yield components,and nitrogen uptake.This indicated that land reconstruction significantly affected rice yield and its components between the two sides of all field plots.SOC,TN,and their decomposition following land reconstruction showed notable changes,especially in the 15–30 cm subsurface soil layer.Additionally,grain weight demonstrated significant correlation with SOC,TN,and carbon decomposition in both the 0–15 and 15–30 cm layers,indicating that soil fertility to a depth of 30 cm was crucial for rice productivity after land reconstruction.展开更多
To elucidate the variations in volatile organic compounds(VOCs)among widely cultivated japonica rice varieties in China and offer novel perspectives on flavor formation during rice-based beer brewing,nine prevalent Ch...To elucidate the variations in volatile organic compounds(VOCs)among widely cultivated japonica rice varieties in China and offer novel perspectives on flavor formation during rice-based beer brewing,nine prevalent Chinese japonica rice variaties were selected as experimental materials.Comprehensive analyses were conducted to investigate three key aspects:differences in VOCs among the selected japonica rice varieties,the retention of rice VOCs after beer brewing,and the influence of rice additives on beer sensory characteristics.Results showed that the total contents of VOCs in Wuyoudao 4(WYD4)and Nangeng 9108(NG9108)were significantly higher than those in the other varieties(P<0.05).The popcorn-flavor compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP)was detected in Suigeng 27(SG27,26.80 ng/g),WYD4(25.25 ng/g),NG9108(21.18 ng/g),and Suigeng 18(SG18,11.62 ng/g),with the levels in the first three varieties significantly higher than those in SG18.Circular heatmap analysis classified the nine japonica varieties into three major categories:fragrant japonica from North China(WYD4),fragrant japonica from South China(NG9108),and others.Ten characteristic VOCs across the japonica varieties were identified by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC-MS).Using beer brewed with whole wheat as the control,we analyzed the VOCs and sensory characteristics of beer brewed with fragrant japonica rice as an additive.We found that rice VOCs were not detected in beer brewed with fragrant japonica rice as an additive.Adding rice promoted the formation of banana-like flavors and reduced the beer’s richness and mellowness.展开更多
Spikelet filling characteristics in early-season rice in southern China may be distinctive due to its exposure to high temperatures during the ripening period.However,limited information is currently available on thes...Spikelet filling characteristics in early-season rice in southern China may be distinctive due to its exposure to high temperatures during the ripening period.However,limited information is currently available on these characteristics.This study aimed to characterize spikelet filling in early-season rice and identify the key factors contributing to its improvement.Field experiments were conducted over two years(2021 and 2022)to mainly investigate the proportions of fully-filled,partially-filled,and empty spikelets,along with the biomass-fertilized spikelet ratio and harvest index,in 11 early-season rice varieties.The results revealed significant varietal variation in spikelet filling,with the proportion of fully-filled spikelets ranging from 60.6%to 81.1%in 2021 and from 66.3%to 79.2%in 2022.Among the 11 varieties,Liangyou 42,Lingliangyou 942,and Liangyou 287 exhibited relatively superior performance in spikelet filling.Linear regression revealed that,although a significant negative relationship existed between the proportion of fully-filled spikelets and both partially-filled and empty spikelets,the relationship with partially-filled spikelets was stronger.Additionally,the proportion of fully-filled spikelets showed a significant positive relationship with the harvest index but not with the biomass-fertilized spikelet ratio.These findings indicate that increasing the harvest index and reducing the occurrence of partially-filled grains are essential strategies for improving spikelet filling in early-season rice.展开更多
Accumulating evidence from recent studies has highlighted the critical regulatory functions of non-histone protein acetylation in rice biological processes.This review systematically synthesizes current advances in ch...Accumulating evidence from recent studies has highlighted the critical regulatory functions of non-histone protein acetylation in rice biological processes.This review systematically synthesizes current advances in characterizing the functional attributes and regulatory mechanisms of non-histone acetylation in rice,with a specific focus on its roles in regulating gene expression,modulating metabolic enzyme activities,and mediating stress responses.Emerging studies demonstrate that non-histone acetylation dynamically modulates transcription factors,metabolic enzymes,and other pivotal functional proteins to orchestrate essential physiological processes,including growth and development,photosynthetic efficiency,and environmental stress adaptation.Using mass spectrometry,gene editing,and related technologies,researchers have identified multiple acetyltransferases and deacetylases that regulate protein stability,subcellular localization,and protein-protein interactions.Despite these advances,challenges persist,such as the complexity of the acetylation regulatory networks and species-specific differences among cereal crops.Future investigations should integrate multi-omics approaches to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of this post-translational modification,thereby facilitating the development of targeted genetic engineering strategies for rice improvement.展开更多
Rice production is increasingly challenged by flooding stress because of global warming and rising sea levels.As the world’s most important staple crop,rice is highly vulnerable to anaerobic and submergence condition...Rice production is increasingly challenged by flooding stress because of global warming and rising sea levels.As the world’s most important staple crop,rice is highly vulnerable to anaerobic and submergence conditions that occur during flooding,particularly at the germination and vegetative stages.Anaerobic environments hinder seedling establishment during germination,while prolonged submergence during the vegetative stage impairs growth,ultimately reducing yield and grain quality.These stresses,driven by extended inundation,trigger a cascade of detrimental physiological responses and represent a major barrier to stable rice production and global food security.In this review,we examine the effects of flooding on rice growth at both the germination and vegetative stages.We further summarize recent advances in the identification of flooding-tolerant germplasm,QTL mapping,genome-wide association study,transcriptomic and proteomic analyses,and other molecular studies.Subsequently,we highlight potential cultivation and regulatory strategies,including genetic,morphological,physiological,and endogenous hormone-related approaches,aimed at enhancing tolerance to anaerobic and submergence stress.Together,these approaches underscore the promise of integrating molecular insights with agronomic practices to mitigate flooding damage and support sustainable rice production.展开更多
Chilo suppressalis(Walker)is one of the most important rice pests worldwide,posing a significant challenge to effective control.To develop a precision-timed,eco-friendly management strategy,overwintering population in...Chilo suppressalis(Walker)is one of the most important rice pests worldwide,posing a significant challenge to effective control.To develop a precision-timed,eco-friendly management strategy,overwintering population investigation and dynamic monitoring of C.suppressalis populations were conducted in the Meishan region of Sichuan,China,from 2023 to 2024.The optimal timing for insecticide application was estimated,followed by field trials evaluating the efficacy of different insecticides.Results demonstrated that the peak emergence of first-generation adults typically occurred in early July(under the environmental conditions of the Meishan region),with the ambient humidity below 75%and temperature around 29◦C.Pesticide efficacy trials show that insecticide combinations exhibited superior control.Notably,a combined treatment of emamectin benzoate⋅methoxyfenozide+chlorantraniliprole achieved the highest control efficacy(90.05%)and a corresponding yield of 12,491.55 kg/ha.All tested treatments were determined to be safe for rice growth.Furthermore,this optimized strategy resulted in notable economic benefits,including a 50%reduction in pesticide usage and cost savings of 4796.15 CNY compared to conventional practices.This study provides valuable insights into sustainable rice production and pest management and,for the first time,proposes a precision application time window based on intelligent monitoring.展开更多
Leaf thickness in rice critically influences photosynthetic efficiency and yield,yet its genetic basis remains poorly understood,with few functional genes previously characterized.In this study,we employ a pangenome-w...Leaf thickness in rice critically influences photosynthetic efficiency and yield,yet its genetic basis remains poorly understood,with few functional genes previously characterized.In this study,we employ a pangenome-wide association study(Pan-GWAS)on 302 diverse rice accessions from southern China,identifying 49 quantitative trait loci(QTLs)associated with leaf thickness.The most significant locus,qLT9,is fine-mapped to a 79-kb region on chromosome 9.Transcriptomic and genomic sequence analyses identify LOC_Os09g33480,which encodes a protein belonging to Multiple Organellar RNA Editing Factor family,as the key candidate gene.Overexpression and complementation transgenic experiments confirm LOC_Os09g33480(OsLT9)as the functional gene underlying qLT9,demonstrating a 24-bp Indel in its promoter correlates with the expression levels and leaf thickness.Notably,OsLT9 overexpression lines show not only thicker leaf,but also significantly enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and grain yield,establishing a link between leaf thickness modulation and yield enhancement.Population genomic analyses indicate strong selection for OsLT9 during domestication and breeding,with modern cultivars favoring thick leaf haplotype of OsLT9.This study establishes OsLT9 as a key regulator controlling leaf thickness in rice,and provides a valuable genetic resource for molecular breeding of high-yielding rice through optimization of plant architecture.展开更多
Understanding Cd contamination in the soil-rice ecosystem and the underlying its threshold and interaction effects is crucial for controlling Cd pollution and ensuring food safety.Although the quantitative relationshi...Understanding Cd contamination in the soil-rice ecosystem and the underlying its threshold and interaction effects is crucial for controlling Cd pollution and ensuring food safety.Although the quantitative relationships between Cd and environmental variables have been extensively studied,the threshold and interaction effects of multi-source environmental variables remain largely unexplored.This study employs a combination of random forest analysis and a human health risk model to investigate the effects of variables on Cd levels in rice grains,with the goal of quantifying their contributions and elucidating their relationships.The results indicated that the 15 selected variables collectively explained 47.36%of the variation in Cd content,with the top three variables being soil pH,distance from industrial park,and soil Zn.The majority of variables exhibited threshold effects on Cd levels in rice grains.By visualizing the interaction between Soil pH,distance from industrial park,and soil Zn with Cd levels in rice,we demonstrate the threshold effects of them on Cd level in rice grains,thereby providing further insight into the variation observed.Furthermore,oral intake of rice has been identified as the primary route of human exposure,significantly contributing to overall exposure pathways.Understanding these interactions is crucial for gaining insights into the underlying processes driving Cd pollution and fostering sustainable development within the industry.Our findings underscore the crucial need to consider multiple environmental variables and their interactions when managing heavy metals(HMs)contamination and mitigating health risks.展开更多
Leaf angle is a pivotal agronomic trait that significantly influences crop architecture and yield.Plant hormones,such as auxin,play a critical role in regulating leaf angle;however,the underlying molecular mechanisms ...Leaf angle is a pivotal agronomic trait that significantly influences crop architecture and yield.Plant hormones,such as auxin,play a critical role in regulating leaf angle;however,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated.Here,we reveal that the auxin response factor gene,OsARF12,which is highly expressed in the leaf lamina joint,negatively regulates rice(Oryza sativa L.)leaf angle via affecting shoot gravitropism.Overexpression lines of OsARF12 exhibit more erect leaf angles,while the osarf12 mutants display enlarged leaf angles compared to the wild type.Further studies demonstrate that OsARF12 directly activates the expression of Loose Plant Architecture1(LPA1)and LAZY1 by binding to their promoters.The osarf12 mutant presents impaired shoot gravitropism,a phenotype consistent with that of the lpa1 and lazy1 mutants.Collectively,we elucidate the biological functions of OsARF12,which modulates leaf angle through its impact on shoot gravitropism by regulating the expression levels of LPA1 and LAZY1.This study provides insight into the role of auxin in determining rice leaf angle,potentially holding profound effects for the optimization of crop architecture.展开更多
Flooding stress is a major adverse condition during the emergence period of direct-seeded rice.This study investigated the use of wood vinegar as a seed soaking treatment to enhance rice seedling rates under flooding ...Flooding stress is a major adverse condition during the emergence period of direct-seeded rice.This study investigated the use of wood vinegar as a seed soaking treatment to enhance rice seedling rates under flooding stress,exploring both the methodology and physiological mechanisms involved.The optimal seed soaking concentration was determined through a gradient experiment,followed by a multi-cultivar validation test.The physiological mechanism of wood vinegar soaking on seedling emergence was analyzed by measuring the electrical conductivity of the flooding water,the changes in starch and soluble sugar contents in the grains and sprouts,and the dynamics ofα-amylase activity and antioxidant-related enzyme activities in the sprouts.The results showed that soaking rice seeds in a wood vinegar solution at a low concentration significantly enhanced the emergence of rice seedlings under flooding conditions,with a 100-fold dilution having the most pronounced effect,increasing seedling rates by 50.6%-60.0%.Further analysis indicated that wood vinegar treatment enhanced seedling establishment by inducing a significant increase inα-amylase activity,leading to a 74.9%-213.6%increase in soluble sugar content in the sprouts during 2-8 d after flooding stress compared with the control.Additionally,the treatment increased superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in the sprouts,mitigating lipid peroxidation of the cell membranes,and notably lower water electrical conductivity was observed in wood vinegar-treated seeds compared with the control.In conclusion,soaking rice seeds in a 100-fold diluted wood vinegar solution improves rice seedling rates under flooding stress by mitigating oxidative damage and maintaining energy supply.This approach is valuable for developing cost-effective seed treatment technologies and offering novel strategies to improve seedling rates and uniformity of direct-seeded rice under flooding conditions.展开更多
Rice bran is the outer layer of the rice grain and a by-product of milling rice kernels,possessing high nutritional and therapeutic value.It is abundant in dietary fibers,vitamins,minerals,polyphenols,and various anti...Rice bran is the outer layer of the rice grain and a by-product of milling rice kernels,possessing high nutritional and therapeutic value.It is abundant in dietary fibers,vitamins,minerals,polyphenols,and various antioxidant molecules.The health-promoting effects of rice bran and its biomolecules have been documented in several studies.In this review,we evaluated the different nutritive and health-promoting effects of rice bran,particularly its impact on gut health and other chronic conditions associated with gut health.The biomolecules present in rice bran and their potential therapeutic effects were also summarized.This paper recapitulated the potential therapeutic and preventive efficacy of rice bran against various ailments,along with their mechanisms of action.Rice bran is an important source of nutritive substances.In addition to their nutritive value,rice bran is rich in diverse biomolecules such as anthocyanins,flavonoids,phenolics,γ-oryzanol,phytosterols and derivatives,saturated fatty acids,monounsaturated fatty acids,and polyunsaturated fatty acids.The dietary fibers in rice bran play a key role in modulating gut microbiota,reducing inflammation,and maintaining gut health.Rice bran and its components have been found to exhibit therapeutic benefits against inflammation,diabetes,cancer,liver disorders,cardiac issues,and neurological disorders through various mechanisms.Different clinical investigations have also confirmed the potential beneficial effects of rice bran and rice bran oil in various metabolic and cardiac disease conditions.Modulating gut microbiota is an important mechanism of the beneficial effects exerted by rice bran.This comprehensive review underscores the nutritional and therapeutic value of rice bran,emphasizing its potential for wider adoption to address nutrient deficiencies and improve human health.展开更多
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi(Guike AA17202026)Program for Scientific Research and Technology Development in Xixiangtant District of Nanning City(201710304)+7 种基金the Special Fund for the Innovation-Driven Development in Guangxi(Guike AA17202019-4&AA17202019)the Science and Technology Development Fund of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Guinongke 2017JM03)the Program for the Scientific Research and Technology Development in Guangxi(Guikehe415104001-22)the Fundamental Research Funds for Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Guinongke 2017YZ03)the Key Research and Development Program of Guangxi(Guike AB16380088)the Experiment Station for Selenium Featured Crops in Guangxi(Gui TS2016011)the Key Research and Development Program of Qingxiu District,Guangxi(2016039)the Scientific and Technological Transformative Project of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(NO.2017NZ04)
文摘[Objectives] The aims were to optimize the extraction process of selenoproteins from selenium-enriched rice in Guangxi and provide references for the intensive processing and comprehensive utilization of selenium protein resources. [Methods]Selenium-enriched rice was used as materials to extract selenoproteins by phosphate buffer extraction method and to optimize the extraction process of selenoproteins by using the orthogonal experiment. Proteins and selenium content was measured by Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 reagent and AFS（ atomic fluorescence spectrometry） respectively. [Results] The most significant factor affecting extraction of rice Selenoproteins was extraction NaO H concentration,followed by the ratio of solid-liquid,temperature and then extraction time. The optimum extraction conditions of selenoproteins from rice were extraction temperature of 50 ℃,NaO H concentration of 0. 14 mol/L,extraction time of 5 h,and solid-liquid ratio of 1∶ 30. [Conclusions]The alkali extraction process optimized by orthogonal test could effectively improve the extraction rate of selenoproteins,and the optimized process parameters could be popularized and applied in practical production.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260067)National Key R&D Program of China(20202BBF63011)Innovative Research and Industrial Demonstration of Standardized Production Technology for Seleniumenriched Rice and Vegetables(20202BBF62001)。
文摘[Objectives]Selenium(Se)-enriched rice is the main type of Se-enriched agricultural product developed in China,and this study aimed to understand the impact of selenium application on the metabolites in rice.[Methods]Se-enriched rice was prepared by foliar application of a sodium selenite aqueous solution,and high-throughput analysis of differential metabolites in Se-enriched rice was conducted based on extensive non-targeted metabolome.[Results]There were significant differences in metabolites between Se-enriched rice and ordinary rice,and a total of 535 differential metabolites were identified.Among them,420 metabolites in Se-enriched rice were upregulated,accounting for 78.5%,far higher than downregulated metabolites.The enrichment differences of three KEGG metabolic pathways,including cysteine and methionine metabolism,zeatin biosynthesis,and arachidonic acid metabolism,reached a significant level,indicating that selenium enrichment had a significant regulatory effect on the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids,the synthesis of natural cytokinin zeatin,and arachidonic acid bioactive components in rice.[Conclusions]The results can provide a theoretical basis for the production of Se-enriched rice.
文摘[Objectives]To explore the effects of selenium fertilizer on rice growth and selenium enrichment.[Methods]Using high-quality rice varieties as experimental materials,exogenous selenium fertilizer was sprayed at two critical periods of tillering stage and full heading stage to explore the effects of different selenium treatments on rice agronomic traits,leaf SPAD value and yield.[Results]Spraying selenium fertilizer could promote the growth of rice,and the selenium enrichment effect in the aboveground parts of the plant was obvious.The selenium content of rice(milled rice)was 0.04-0.07 mg/kg.[Conclusions]This study lays a foundation for the promotion of suitable leaf fertilizers in Zhaoqing City,and is expected to promote the cultivation and promotion of selenium-enriched rice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32302774)Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System(BAIC04)+1 种基金China Agriculture Research System(CARS-40)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Feed Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAASIFR-ZDRW202402).
文摘Background Organic selenium(Se)has gained recognition in poultry nutrition as a feed additive to boost production and Se deposition in eggs and tissues,owing to its high bioavailability,efficient tissue accumulation and minimal toxicity.Selenium-enriched yeast(SeY)is a well-established source,while selenium-enriched lactobacilli(SeL),a newer alternative,offers the added benefits of probiotics.This study examined the effects of SeY and SeL on egg quality,antioxidant capacity,Se deposition,and gut health in laying hens.After a two-week pre-treatment with a Sedeficient diet(SeD),450 Hy-Line Brown laying hens(30-week-old)were assigned into five dietary groups with six replicates of 15 hens each.The groups included a SeD,SeD supplemented with 1.5 mg Se/kg from SeY(SeY15),or 1.5,3.0,and 6.0 mg Se/kg from SeL(SeL15,SeL30,SeL60).The feeding trial lasted for 12 weeks.Results SeY15 and SeL15 improved the feed-to-egg ratio(P<0.05)in the latter stages.Haugh units were significantly increased(P<0.05)in the SeY15 and SeL30 groups,while darker yolk color(P<0.05)was observed in the SeY15,SeL15,and SeL60 groups.All Se-supplemented diets increased Se content in whole eggs,albumen,and yolk(P<0.05),while SeL groups showed a dose-dependent effect.Antioxidant enzyme activities increased,and MDA content decreased in the serum(P<0.05),with SeY15 showing the highest GSH-Px levels(P<0.05).SeL60 increased serum alkaline phosphatase and aspartate transaminase,and distorted the liver architecture(P<0.05).Se-diets reduced concentrations of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the ileum and liver(P<0.05).SeL15 improved the ileal villus height-tocrypt depth ratio(P<0.05).SeY15 and/or SeL15 up-regulated TXNRD1 and SEPHS1 mRNA while down-regulating SCLY expression in the liver.SeY15 altered ileal microbiota by increasing both beneficial and pathogenic bacteria,whereas SeL15 predominantly boosted beneficial bacteria.Conclusion SeL integrates the antioxidant properties of organic Se with the probiotic benefits on gut health,resulting in a performance-enhancing effect comparable to that of SeY.However,high SeL level(6.0 mg Se/kg)compromised productivity and metabolic functions while enhancing Se deposition.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0907600)the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD04080)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270252)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2024A1515011085).
文摘Photorespiration consumes photosynthetically fixed carbon and reduces yields by 20%–50%in C3 crops.In an attempt to increase photosynthetic efficiency in rice by bypassing the carbon-consuming process of photorespiration,a photorespiratory bypass consisting of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii glycolate dehydrogenase and Cucurbita maxima malate synthase(termed the GMS bypass)was introduced into the rice cultivar Zhonghua 11 and osplgg1b,a mutant of the rice chloroplast glycolate transporter,to generate GMS/ZH11 and GMS/osplgg1b transgenic plants.The GMS bypass reduced photorespiration and increased photosynthesis in the transgenic plants.The straw biomass of GMS/ZH11 and GMS/osplgg1b increased by up to 16.0%and 85.7%,respectively.The yield of GMS/ZH11 increased by 22.0%–34.7%in paddy fields.Thus,the GMS bypass can increase photosynthetic efficiency and yield in rice.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172108 and 32301940)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the China Association for Science and Technology (2023QNRC001)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M710489)the Chinese Scholarship Council (202310930003)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD2301004)。
文摘The breakthrough in super hybrid rice yield has significantly contributed to China’s and global food security.However,the inherent conflict between high productivity and environmentally sustainable agriculture poses substantial challenges.Issues such as water scarcity,energy crises,escalating greenhouse gas emissions,and diminishing farm profitability threaten longterm agricultural sustainability.In response,we applied a holistic food–carbon–nitrogen–water–energy–profit (FCNWEP)nexus framework to comprehensively assess the sustainability of distinct crop management strategies across three subsites in Central China.Field experiments were conducted in Hubei and Hunan provinces from 2017 to 2021 using a widely adopted elite super hybrid rice cultivar (Y-liangyou 900).Four crop management treatments were implemented:a control(CK,0 kg N ha^(-1)),conventional crop management (CCM,210–250 kg N ha^(-1),7:3 basal:mid-tiller fertilizer ratio),and two integrated crop management (ICM) treatments (ICM1,180–210 kg N ha^(-1),5:2:3 basal:mid-tiller:panicle initiation fertilizer ratio;ICM2,240–270 kg N ha^(-1),5:2:2:1 basal:mid-tiller:panicle initiation:flowering fertilizer ratio).Variables assessed included grain yield,carbon footprint,nitrogen footprint,water footprint,energy footprint,nitrogen use efficiency,and economic benefits.Our results showed significant yield variations,with ICM2 consistently outperforming CCM and ICM1across all three sites.In Jingzhou,Suizhou,and Changsha,ICM2’s grain yield was 30.2,24.7,and 13.3%higher than CCM,respectively.Net profits under ICM2 exceeded those of CCM and ICM1 by 31.8 and 115.2%in Jingzhou,32.2 and 109.9%in Suizhou,and 15.4 and 34.0%in Changsha,respectively.Integrated crop management,particularly ICM2,demonstrated improved nitrogen and energy use efficiency,leading to reduced carbon,nitrogen,water,and energy footprints.Overall,composite sustainability scores derived from the FCNWEP framework indicated that both ICM2 and ICM1 exhibited higher sustainability levels compared to CCM.This study provides valuable insights into practical management methodologies and offers recommendations for enhancing agricultural sustainability.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016yfd30300508,2017YFD0301602,and 2018yfd0301105)the Science&Technology Development Fund of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,China(kf2015043)。
文摘The rice ratooning system has attracted increasing attention in southern China due to its low carbon emissions and high yield potential.However,the net carbon budget and underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Three rice cropping systems were established in this trial experiment conducted from 2021 to 2022 in Fuzhou(25°05'N,119°13'E),Southeast China:ratooning rice(RR:MC+RSR)pattern for rice ratooning,single-cropping rice(LR_(1)),and double-cropping rice(DC:ER+LR_(2)).The closed static dark box gas collection,dry matter determination,life cycle assessment(LCA)etc.approaches were utilized to investigate the mechanism of“high carbon fixation–low emissions”mechanism in RR.A comprehensive assessment was conducted across multiple dimensions,including crop yield,greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,carbon and nitrogen footprints,resource use efficiency,carbon sequestration capacity,and carbon budget balance.Results showed that the average daily yield of ratoon season rice(RSR)across RR treatments from 2021 to 2022 was 28.21–47.40%higher than that of the main crop(MC)and LR_(1),and the average daily yield of RR was 13.50–27.76%higher than DC.This yield advantage was attributed to a 32.32–39.26%increase in the allocation of^(13)C-labeled photosynthetic products(including non-structural carbohydrates,NSCs)to panicle organs,and a 21.77–43.51%reduction in allocation to underground roots and soil.Furthermore,the average daily global warming potential(GWP)was 16.44 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for RR,24.99 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for LR_(1),and 21.32 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for DC.Specifically,the average daily GWP of ratoon rice was 34.21%lower than that of LR_(1) and 22.90%lower than double-cropping rice.Similarly,the average daily greenhouse gas intensity(GHGI)of ratoon rice was 62.28%lower than LR_(1) and 28.96%lower than double-cropping rice.In terms of carbon and nitrogen footprints,the ratoon rice system exhibited average daily values of 34.54 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)and 0.47 kg N ha^(–1),respectively.In comparison,LR_(1) had values of 45.63 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)and 0.49 kg N ha^(–1),while double-cropping rice showed 43.38 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)and 0.53 kg N ha^(–1).These values represent reductions of 24.30%in carbon footprint and4.28%in nitrogen footprint relative to LR_(1),and 20.38 and 11.45%relative to double-cropping rice,respectively.Moreover,the average annual carbon budget surplus across systems was 22,380.01 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for ratoon rice(MC+RSR),11,228.54 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for LR_(1),and 23,772.15 kg CO_(2)-eq ha^(–1)for DC.Consequently,the resource utilization efficiency of the RR was 24.42 and 47.50%higher than that of single-cropping and double-cropping systems,respectively.Average daily economic returns also increased by 32.71 and 80.75%,respectively.These findings provide a robust theoretical foundation and practical guidance for advancing agricultural carbon neutrality technologies and ensuring food security.
基金support of the Japanese Government(Monbukagakusho)Scholarship for his studies in Japansupported by the Yamagata University YU-COE(S)program and by the Advanced Agri-food System Research Center of Yamagata University,Japan+2 种基金financially supported by a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(26310304)Yamagata University YU-COE(S)programby the Advanced Agri-food System Research Center of Yamagata University,Japan。
文摘To examine the impact of anthropogenic land reconstruction,particularly the consolidation of small terraces into larger fields,on soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN)dynamics,rice yield,and its components,soil and plant samples were collected from seven newly reconstructed fields in Japanese Andosols in Tochigi,Japan.Samples were obtained from both the former low-and high-elevation sides within each field plot.During harvest season,nine rice plants were randomly selected from each plot(0.675 m^(2),comprising 3 rows and 3 hills per row),collected from a 3-m stretch along both the east(former low side)and west(former high side)ridges.Soil cores were collected from identical plots at two depths(0–15 and 15–30 cm)and combined into one composite sample per layer.Rice plant samples were air-dried for two weeks until reaching constant moisture content,after which stems and ears were separated and weighed to determine biomass,yield,yield components,and nitrogen uptake.This indicated that land reconstruction significantly affected rice yield and its components between the two sides of all field plots.SOC,TN,and their decomposition following land reconstruction showed notable changes,especially in the 15–30 cm subsurface soil layer.Additionally,grain weight demonstrated significant correlation with SOC,TN,and carbon decomposition in both the 0–15 and 15–30 cm layers,indicating that soil fertility to a depth of 30 cm was crucial for rice productivity after land reconstruction.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.LTGN24C020004)the Enterprise Cooperation Project,China(Grant No.HRJYH-202330)+1 种基金the Zhejiang Province Pioneer and Bellwethers Research&Development Project of Science and Technology,China(Grant No.2023C02014)the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(Grant No.CPSIBRFCNRRI-202303).
文摘To elucidate the variations in volatile organic compounds(VOCs)among widely cultivated japonica rice varieties in China and offer novel perspectives on flavor formation during rice-based beer brewing,nine prevalent Chinese japonica rice variaties were selected as experimental materials.Comprehensive analyses were conducted to investigate three key aspects:differences in VOCs among the selected japonica rice varieties,the retention of rice VOCs after beer brewing,and the influence of rice additives on beer sensory characteristics.Results showed that the total contents of VOCs in Wuyoudao 4(WYD4)and Nangeng 9108(NG9108)were significantly higher than those in the other varieties(P<0.05).The popcorn-flavor compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP)was detected in Suigeng 27(SG27,26.80 ng/g),WYD4(25.25 ng/g),NG9108(21.18 ng/g),and Suigeng 18(SG18,11.62 ng/g),with the levels in the first three varieties significantly higher than those in SG18.Circular heatmap analysis classified the nine japonica varieties into three major categories:fragrant japonica from North China(WYD4),fragrant japonica from South China(NG9108),and others.Ten characteristic VOCs across the japonica varieties were identified by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC-MS).Using beer brewed with whole wheat as the control,we analyzed the VOCs and sensory characteristics of beer brewed with fragrant japonica rice as an additive.We found that rice VOCs were not detected in beer brewed with fragrant japonica rice as an additive.Adding rice promoted the formation of banana-like flavors and reduced the beer’s richness and mellowness.
基金funded by the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System,grant number CARS-01-33.
文摘Spikelet filling characteristics in early-season rice in southern China may be distinctive due to its exposure to high temperatures during the ripening period.However,limited information is currently available on these characteristics.This study aimed to characterize spikelet filling in early-season rice and identify the key factors contributing to its improvement.Field experiments were conducted over two years(2021 and 2022)to mainly investigate the proportions of fully-filled,partially-filled,and empty spikelets,along with the biomass-fertilized spikelet ratio and harvest index,in 11 early-season rice varieties.The results revealed significant varietal variation in spikelet filling,with the proportion of fully-filled spikelets ranging from 60.6%to 81.1%in 2021 and from 66.3%to 79.2%in 2022.Among the 11 varieties,Liangyou 42,Lingliangyou 942,and Liangyou 287 exhibited relatively superior performance in spikelet filling.Linear regression revealed that,although a significant negative relationship existed between the proportion of fully-filled spikelets and both partially-filled and empty spikelets,the relationship with partially-filled spikelets was stronger.Additionally,the proportion of fully-filled spikelets showed a significant positive relationship with the harvest index but not with the biomass-fertilized spikelet ratio.These findings indicate that increasing the harvest index and reducing the occurrence of partially-filled grains are essential strategies for improving spikelet filling in early-season rice.
基金supported by the Project of Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory,China(Grant Nos.ZSBBL-KY2024-01 and ZSBBL-KY2025-2)the Key R&D Program of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BE2022335)the Fund of Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China.
文摘Accumulating evidence from recent studies has highlighted the critical regulatory functions of non-histone protein acetylation in rice biological processes.This review systematically synthesizes current advances in characterizing the functional attributes and regulatory mechanisms of non-histone acetylation in rice,with a specific focus on its roles in regulating gene expression,modulating metabolic enzyme activities,and mediating stress responses.Emerging studies demonstrate that non-histone acetylation dynamically modulates transcription factors,metabolic enzymes,and other pivotal functional proteins to orchestrate essential physiological processes,including growth and development,photosynthetic efficiency,and environmental stress adaptation.Using mass spectrometry,gene editing,and related technologies,researchers have identified multiple acetyltransferases and deacetylases that regulate protein stability,subcellular localization,and protein-protein interactions.Despite these advances,challenges persist,such as the complexity of the acetylation regulatory networks and species-specific differences among cereal crops.Future investigations should integrate multi-omics approaches to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of this post-translational modification,thereby facilitating the development of targeted genetic engineering strategies for rice improvement.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32160501 and 32201901)the Accelerated Breeding Initiative of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research(Grant No.INIT-01)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi,China(Grant No.2021GXNSFAA220026)the Program on National Modern Agricultural Technology System Guangxi Innovation Team,China(Grant No.nycytxgxcxtd-2021-01-04)the Advantage Team Project of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(Grant No.2026YT070).
文摘Rice production is increasingly challenged by flooding stress because of global warming and rising sea levels.As the world’s most important staple crop,rice is highly vulnerable to anaerobic and submergence conditions that occur during flooding,particularly at the germination and vegetative stages.Anaerobic environments hinder seedling establishment during germination,while prolonged submergence during the vegetative stage impairs growth,ultimately reducing yield and grain quality.These stresses,driven by extended inundation,trigger a cascade of detrimental physiological responses and represent a major barrier to stable rice production and global food security.In this review,we examine the effects of flooding on rice growth at both the germination and vegetative stages.We further summarize recent advances in the identification of flooding-tolerant germplasm,QTL mapping,genome-wide association study,transcriptomic and proteomic analyses,and other molecular studies.Subsequently,we highlight potential cultivation and regulatory strategies,including genetic,morphological,physiological,and endogenous hormone-related approaches,aimed at enhancing tolerance to anaerobic and submergence stress.Together,these approaches underscore the promise of integrating molecular insights with agronomic practices to mitigate flooding damage and support sustainable rice production.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Project‘Innovation and Integration of Key Technologies for Integration of Agricultural Machinery and Agronomy in Weak Links of Hybrid Mid-season Rice in Hilly Areas of Southwest China’(2023YFD2301901).
文摘Chilo suppressalis(Walker)is one of the most important rice pests worldwide,posing a significant challenge to effective control.To develop a precision-timed,eco-friendly management strategy,overwintering population investigation and dynamic monitoring of C.suppressalis populations were conducted in the Meishan region of Sichuan,China,from 2023 to 2024.The optimal timing for insecticide application was estimated,followed by field trials evaluating the efficacy of different insecticides.Results demonstrated that the peak emergence of first-generation adults typically occurred in early July(under the environmental conditions of the Meishan region),with the ambient humidity below 75%and temperature around 29◦C.Pesticide efficacy trials show that insecticide combinations exhibited superior control.Notably,a combined treatment of emamectin benzoate⋅methoxyfenozide+chlorantraniliprole achieved the highest control efficacy(90.05%)and a corresponding yield of 12,491.55 kg/ha.All tested treatments were determined to be safe for rice growth.Furthermore,this optimized strategy resulted in notable economic benefits,including a 50%reduction in pesticide usage and cost savings of 4796.15 CNY compared to conventional practices.This study provides valuable insights into sustainable rice production and pest management and,for the first time,proposes a precision application time window based on intelligent monitoring.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301845)GuangDong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515012339)+3 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFD1200801)Seed industry revitalization project of special fund for rural revitalization strategy in Guangdong Province(2024-NPY-00-001)Modern Seed Industry Innovation Capacity Enhancement Progject of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Elite Rice Plan of GDRRI(2023YG01)Guangdong Key Laboratory of Rice Science and Technology(2023B1212060042).
文摘Leaf thickness in rice critically influences photosynthetic efficiency and yield,yet its genetic basis remains poorly understood,with few functional genes previously characterized.In this study,we employ a pangenome-wide association study(Pan-GWAS)on 302 diverse rice accessions from southern China,identifying 49 quantitative trait loci(QTLs)associated with leaf thickness.The most significant locus,qLT9,is fine-mapped to a 79-kb region on chromosome 9.Transcriptomic and genomic sequence analyses identify LOC_Os09g33480,which encodes a protein belonging to Multiple Organellar RNA Editing Factor family,as the key candidate gene.Overexpression and complementation transgenic experiments confirm LOC_Os09g33480(OsLT9)as the functional gene underlying qLT9,demonstrating a 24-bp Indel in its promoter correlates with the expression levels and leaf thickness.Notably,OsLT9 overexpression lines show not only thicker leaf,but also significantly enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and grain yield,establishing a link between leaf thickness modulation and yield enhancement.Population genomic analyses indicate strong selection for OsLT9 during domestication and breeding,with modern cultivars favoring thick leaf haplotype of OsLT9.This study establishes OsLT9 as a key regulator controlling leaf thickness in rice,and provides a valuable genetic resource for molecular breeding of high-yielding rice through optimization of plant architecture.
基金supported by the GDAS’Project of Science and Technology Development(No.2022GDASZH-2022010104-2)Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(No.2023B0303000006).
文摘Understanding Cd contamination in the soil-rice ecosystem and the underlying its threshold and interaction effects is crucial for controlling Cd pollution and ensuring food safety.Although the quantitative relationships between Cd and environmental variables have been extensively studied,the threshold and interaction effects of multi-source environmental variables remain largely unexplored.This study employs a combination of random forest analysis and a human health risk model to investigate the effects of variables on Cd levels in rice grains,with the goal of quantifying their contributions and elucidating their relationships.The results indicated that the 15 selected variables collectively explained 47.36%of the variation in Cd content,with the top three variables being soil pH,distance from industrial park,and soil Zn.The majority of variables exhibited threshold effects on Cd levels in rice grains.By visualizing the interaction between Soil pH,distance from industrial park,and soil Zn with Cd levels in rice,we demonstrate the threshold effects of them on Cd level in rice grains,thereby providing further insight into the variation observed.Furthermore,oral intake of rice has been identified as the primary route of human exposure,significantly contributing to overall exposure pathways.Understanding these interactions is crucial for gaining insights into the underlying processes driving Cd pollution and fostering sustainable development within the industry.Our findings underscore the crucial need to consider multiple environmental variables and their interactions when managing heavy metals(HMs)contamination and mitigating health risks.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871592)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2042022kf0015)+1 种基金the Creative Research Groups of the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2020CFA009)the Project for Technology Innovation of Hubei Province(2024BBA005).
文摘Leaf angle is a pivotal agronomic trait that significantly influences crop architecture and yield.Plant hormones,such as auxin,play a critical role in regulating leaf angle;however,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated.Here,we reveal that the auxin response factor gene,OsARF12,which is highly expressed in the leaf lamina joint,negatively regulates rice(Oryza sativa L.)leaf angle via affecting shoot gravitropism.Overexpression lines of OsARF12 exhibit more erect leaf angles,while the osarf12 mutants display enlarged leaf angles compared to the wild type.Further studies demonstrate that OsARF12 directly activates the expression of Loose Plant Architecture1(LPA1)and LAZY1 by binding to their promoters.The osarf12 mutant presents impaired shoot gravitropism,a phenotype consistent with that of the lpa1 and lazy1 mutants.Collectively,we elucidate the biological functions of OsARF12,which modulates leaf angle through its impact on shoot gravitropism by regulating the expression levels of LPA1 and LAZY1.This study provides insight into the role of auxin in determining rice leaf angle,potentially holding profound effects for the optimization of crop architecture.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFD2301300)the National Rice Industry Technology System,China(Grant No.CARS-01).
文摘Flooding stress is a major adverse condition during the emergence period of direct-seeded rice.This study investigated the use of wood vinegar as a seed soaking treatment to enhance rice seedling rates under flooding stress,exploring both the methodology and physiological mechanisms involved.The optimal seed soaking concentration was determined through a gradient experiment,followed by a multi-cultivar validation test.The physiological mechanism of wood vinegar soaking on seedling emergence was analyzed by measuring the electrical conductivity of the flooding water,the changes in starch and soluble sugar contents in the grains and sprouts,and the dynamics ofα-amylase activity and antioxidant-related enzyme activities in the sprouts.The results showed that soaking rice seeds in a wood vinegar solution at a low concentration significantly enhanced the emergence of rice seedlings under flooding conditions,with a 100-fold dilution having the most pronounced effect,increasing seedling rates by 50.6%-60.0%.Further analysis indicated that wood vinegar treatment enhanced seedling establishment by inducing a significant increase inα-amylase activity,leading to a 74.9%-213.6%increase in soluble sugar content in the sprouts during 2-8 d after flooding stress compared with the control.Additionally,the treatment increased superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in the sprouts,mitigating lipid peroxidation of the cell membranes,and notably lower water electrical conductivity was observed in wood vinegar-treated seeds compared with the control.In conclusion,soaking rice seeds in a 100-fold diluted wood vinegar solution improves rice seedling rates under flooding stress by mitigating oxidative damage and maintaining energy supply.This approach is valuable for developing cost-effective seed treatment technologies and offering novel strategies to improve seedling rates and uniformity of direct-seeded rice under flooding conditions.
文摘Rice bran is the outer layer of the rice grain and a by-product of milling rice kernels,possessing high nutritional and therapeutic value.It is abundant in dietary fibers,vitamins,minerals,polyphenols,and various antioxidant molecules.The health-promoting effects of rice bran and its biomolecules have been documented in several studies.In this review,we evaluated the different nutritive and health-promoting effects of rice bran,particularly its impact on gut health and other chronic conditions associated with gut health.The biomolecules present in rice bran and their potential therapeutic effects were also summarized.This paper recapitulated the potential therapeutic and preventive efficacy of rice bran against various ailments,along with their mechanisms of action.Rice bran is an important source of nutritive substances.In addition to their nutritive value,rice bran is rich in diverse biomolecules such as anthocyanins,flavonoids,phenolics,γ-oryzanol,phytosterols and derivatives,saturated fatty acids,monounsaturated fatty acids,and polyunsaturated fatty acids.The dietary fibers in rice bran play a key role in modulating gut microbiota,reducing inflammation,and maintaining gut health.Rice bran and its components have been found to exhibit therapeutic benefits against inflammation,diabetes,cancer,liver disorders,cardiac issues,and neurological disorders through various mechanisms.Different clinical investigations have also confirmed the potential beneficial effects of rice bran and rice bran oil in various metabolic and cardiac disease conditions.Modulating gut microbiota is an important mechanism of the beneficial effects exerted by rice bran.This comprehensive review underscores the nutritional and therapeutic value of rice bran,emphasizing its potential for wider adoption to address nutrient deficiencies and improve human health.
