Background Organic selenium(Se)has gained recognition in poultry nutrition as a feed additive to boost production and Se deposition in eggs and tissues,owing to its high bioavailability,efficient tissue accumulation a...Background Organic selenium(Se)has gained recognition in poultry nutrition as a feed additive to boost production and Se deposition in eggs and tissues,owing to its high bioavailability,efficient tissue accumulation and minimal toxicity.Selenium-enriched yeast(SeY)is a well-established source,while selenium-enriched lactobacilli(SeL),a newer alternative,offers the added benefits of probiotics.This study examined the effects of SeY and SeL on egg quality,antioxidant capacity,Se deposition,and gut health in laying hens.After a two-week pre-treatment with a Sedeficient diet(SeD),450 Hy-Line Brown laying hens(30-week-old)were assigned into five dietary groups with six replicates of 15 hens each.The groups included a SeD,SeD supplemented with 1.5 mg Se/kg from SeY(SeY15),or 1.5,3.0,and 6.0 mg Se/kg from SeL(SeL15,SeL30,SeL60).The feeding trial lasted for 12 weeks.Results SeY15 and SeL15 improved the feed-to-egg ratio(P<0.05)in the latter stages.Haugh units were significantly increased(P<0.05)in the SeY15 and SeL30 groups,while darker yolk color(P<0.05)was observed in the SeY15,SeL15,and SeL60 groups.All Se-supplemented diets increased Se content in whole eggs,albumen,and yolk(P<0.05),while SeL groups showed a dose-dependent effect.Antioxidant enzyme activities increased,and MDA content decreased in the serum(P<0.05),with SeY15 showing the highest GSH-Px levels(P<0.05).SeL60 increased serum alkaline phosphatase and aspartate transaminase,and distorted the liver architecture(P<0.05).Se-diets reduced concentrations of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the ileum and liver(P<0.05).SeL15 improved the ileal villus height-tocrypt depth ratio(P<0.05).SeY15 and/or SeL15 up-regulated TXNRD1 and SEPHS1 mRNA while down-regulating SCLY expression in the liver.SeY15 altered ileal microbiota by increasing both beneficial and pathogenic bacteria,whereas SeL15 predominantly boosted beneficial bacteria.Conclusion SeL integrates the antioxidant properties of organic Se with the probiotic benefits on gut health,resulting in a performance-enhancing effect comparable to that of SeY.However,high SeL level(6.0 mg Se/kg)compromised productivity and metabolic functions while enhancing Se deposition.展开更多
High-entropy oxides(HEOs)derive their exceptional properties from the atomic-level homogenization of multiple constituent elements within the crystal lattice,which induces a sophisticated local environment that fundam...High-entropy oxides(HEOs)derive their exceptional properties from the atomic-level homogenization of multiple constituent elements within the crystal lattice,which induces a sophisticated local environment that fundamentally reconfigures electron density distributions and coordination environment at active sites.However,the mechanisms by which multi-component systems in HEOs precisely regulate high-activity catalytic sites remain poorly understood.This work addresses this gap by designing medium-entropy perovskite oxides through the strategic incorporation of transition metals with distinct electronegativities and ionic radii,aiming to unravel how local environmental modifications impact the energy band location,coordination states,and adsorption behavior of the Co site.A family of A_(4)BO_(4)-type medium-entropy oxides PrSr(Fe_(0.2)Co_(0.2)Ni_(0.2)Cu_(0.2)M_(0.2))O_(4)(M=Sc,Cr,Mn)was successfully synthesized.Divergent atomic properties among Sc,Cr,and Mn(electronegativity,ionic size,and metal-oxygen bond strength)triggered pronounced electron redistribution,effectively tuning the d-band center of Co.Remarkably,Cr substitution significantly enhanced O_(4) adsorption at Co-active sites,as indicated by an elongated O-O bond length(1.234Å→1.279Å).Concurrently,Cr doping destabilized the M'-O-Cr bonds(M'=Fe,Co,Ni,Cu)and lowered the thermodynamic barrier for oxygen vacancy formation.Electrochemical tests revealed that PrSr(Fe_(0.2)Co_(0.2)Ni_(0.2)Cu_(0.2)Cr_(0.2))O_(4)(PSMO-Cr)exhibited the highest electrical conductivity and fastest oxygen surface exchange kinetics.At 700℃,the area-specific resistance(ASR)of the PSMO-Cr cathode was 0.07Ωcm^(2).Corresponding fuel cells achieved a maximum power density of 0.76 W cm^(-2).In electrolysis mode,the maximum current density reached 0.56 A cm^(-2) under 1.3 V at 700℃using PSMO-Cr as the anode.These results demonstrate that PSMO-Cr is a promising bifunctional catalyst for energy conversion applications.展开更多
On January 19,2026,China's first structural interest rate cut of the year took effect.The People's Bank of China announced a 0.25 percentage point reduction in relending and rediscount rates,targeting key sect...On January 19,2026,China's first structural interest rate cut of the year took effect.The People's Bank of China announced a 0.25 percentage point reduction in relending and rediscount rates,targeting key sectors like small and micro enterprises(SMEs),technological innovation,and green transition.For the textile industry,where small and medium-sized enterprises account for over 90%of traditional manufacturing,the policy benefits will inject strong momentum into the high-quality development from multiple dimensions,including reduced financing costs,support for transformation funds,and expansion of foreign trade markets.展开更多
The objective of this study was to verify the protective effect of Bifidobacterium longum(BL) and the synergistical effect of Selenium and BL on alcohol plus high fat diet(HFD) induced hepatic injury in mice. We also ...The objective of this study was to verify the protective effect of Bifidobacterium longum(BL) and the synergistical effect of Selenium and BL on alcohol plus high fat diet(HFD) induced hepatic injury in mice. We also want to explore the mechanism of Selenium-enriched Bifidobacterium longum(Se BL). C57 BL/6 mice were treated with alcohol plus HFD with or without different dosage of BL or Se BL for 4 weeks. Serum levels of ALT, AST, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, FFAs, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, hepatic MDA level, SOD activity, the m RNA levels of AMPK, PPAR-α and SREBP1 were invested. Se BL inhibited lipid accumulation in hepatocytes;reduced serum AST and ALT levels;improved dyslipidemia;decreased serum FFAs, TC, TG and LDL-C levels. Se BL also inhibited alcohol plus HFD-induced hepatocyte oxidative stress through decrease in hepatic MDA levels and increase in SOD activity. Se BL also regulated lipid metabolism related genes such as AMPK, PPAR-α and SREBP1. Although BL had similar effect as Se BL, Se BL is more effective than BL. Se BL protected mice from alcohol plus HFD-induced hepatic injury in mice because of its inhibitory effect on hepatocellular oxidative stress, lipogenesis and inflammation. Selenium enhanced the protective effect of BL.展开更多
High-salt diet is well recognized as a risk factor for hypertension,and dietary intervention plays a critical role in the prevention of hypertension.The current study investigated the effects of selenium-enriched gree...High-salt diet is well recognized as a risk factor for hypertension,and dietary intervention plays a critical role in the prevention of hypertension.The current study investigated the effects of selenium-enriched green tea(Se-GT)and ordinary green tea(GT)on prevention of hypertension of rats induced by high-salt diet,as well as their potential regulatory and mechanism.Our results showed that GT and Se-GT supplementations significantly prevented the increase of blood pressure(BP),activated the phosphoinosmde-3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt)signaling pathway,and regulated the gene expression related to BP,as well as improved the tissue damage like heart,liver,and kidneys.Besides,the key parameters associated with oxidative stress,inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were also altered by GT and Se-GT treatments.Importantly,GT or Se-GT administration adjusted the diversity and composition of the intestinal flora.Moreover,GT and Se-GT supplementations increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria and reduced the abundance of harmful or conditional pathogenic bacteria.More specifically,GT intake specifically and significantly enriched the relative abundance of Paraprevotella and Bacteroides,whereas Se-GT was characterized by specific and significant enrichment for Allobaculum and Bifidobacterium.Our results proved that dietary supplement of GT and Se-GT remarkably improved the vascular functions and effectively prevented tissue damage by regulation of intestinal flora,and thus preventing hypertension induced by high-salt diet.展开更多
As an important symbol of agricultural and sideline products in Ankang City,selenium-enriched tea affects the development of regional agricultural and sideline industries.In this paper,the development status and probl...As an important symbol of agricultural and sideline products in Ankang City,selenium-enriched tea affects the development of regional agricultural and sideline industries.In this paper,the development status and problems of the selenium-enriched tea products of Ankang were analyzed in terms of capital,technology,management and sales mode.This research is of positive significance to the development of selenium-enriched products and other agricultural and sideline products of health value,and plays a very important role in promoting the cultivation of village-level characteristic industries and the effective realization of targeted poverty alleviation.展开更多
[Objectives] The aims were to optimize the extraction process of selenoproteins from selenium-enriched rice in Guangxi and provide references for the intensive processing and comprehensive utilization of selenium prot...[Objectives] The aims were to optimize the extraction process of selenoproteins from selenium-enriched rice in Guangxi and provide references for the intensive processing and comprehensive utilization of selenium protein resources. [Methods]Selenium-enriched rice was used as materials to extract selenoproteins by phosphate buffer extraction method and to optimize the extraction process of selenoproteins by using the orthogonal experiment. Proteins and selenium content was measured by Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 reagent and AFS（ atomic fluorescence spectrometry） respectively. [Results] The most significant factor affecting extraction of rice Selenoproteins was extraction NaO H concentration,followed by the ratio of solid-liquid,temperature and then extraction time. The optimum extraction conditions of selenoproteins from rice were extraction temperature of 50 ℃,NaO H concentration of 0. 14 mol/L,extraction time of 5 h,and solid-liquid ratio of 1∶ 30. [Conclusions]The alkali extraction process optimized by orthogonal test could effectively improve the extraction rate of selenoproteins,and the optimized process parameters could be popularized and applied in practical production.展开更多
Selenium is an essential trace element for human health.Eating selenium-enriched eggs is conducive to easily and effectively solving the problem of selenium deficiency.In the production process of selenium-enriched eg...Selenium is an essential trace element for human health.Eating selenium-enriched eggs is conducive to easily and effectively solving the problem of selenium deficiency.In the production process of selenium-enriched eggs,different selenium sources,additive doses,feeding time,and the addition of other vitamins,trace elements,and methionine in the diet will influence the deposition of selenium in eggs.Through this review,it is intended to provide a reference for the practical,safe and economical production of selenium-enriched eggs.展开更多
In recent years,medium entropy alloys have become a research hotspot due to their excellent physical and chemical performances.By controlling reasonable elemental composition and processing parameters,the medium entro...In recent years,medium entropy alloys have become a research hotspot due to their excellent physical and chemical performances.By controlling reasonable elemental composition and processing parameters,the medium entropy alloys can exhibit similar properties to high entropy alloys and have lower costs.In this paper,a FeCoNi medium entropy alloy precursor was prepared via sol-gel and coprecipitation methods,respectively,and FeCoNi medium entropy alloys were prepared by carbothermal and hydrogen reduction.The phases and magnetic properties of FeCoNi medium entropy alloy were investigated.Results showed that FeCoNi medium entropy alloy was produced by carbothermal and hydrogen reduction at 1500℃.Some carbon was detected in the FeCoNi medium entropy alloy prepared by carbothermal reduction.The alloy prepared by hydrogen reduction was uniform and showed a relatively high purity.Moreover,the hydrogen reduction product exhibited better saturation magnetization and lower coercivity.展开更多
Taking Scientific Outlook on Development as the guiding principle,this paper introduced the principles of innovation,coordination,green,openness and sharing. Based on gifted advantages of selenium-enriched soil and se...Taking Scientific Outlook on Development as the guiding principle,this paper introduced the principles of innovation,coordination,green,openness and sharing. Based on gifted advantages of selenium-enriched soil and selenium-enriched industry development in Guangxi,it discussed current practice,stressed green,ecological,characteristic demonstration,transformation and upgrading,and targeted poverty alleviation. Finally,it came up with perspective,practical,and operational strategies and recommendations for development of selenium-enriched industry,to provide reference for sustainable development of selenium-enriched functional industry in Guangxi.展开更多
In order to improve the added value of the main vegetable products in Qinghai Province,we researched the effect of soil selenium content on vegetable quality in selenium-enriched area of Qinghai. Through the analysis ...In order to improve the added value of the main vegetable products in Qinghai Province,we researched the effect of soil selenium content on vegetable quality in selenium-enriched area of Qinghai. Through the analysis of Qinghai selenium-enriched soil selenium content and5 kinds of main vegetables corresponds to the total selenium,part of the mineral elements and soluble sugar and VC content,the effects of soil selenium levels on selenium absorption and nourishment quality of vegetables were researched. The results showed that he Qinghai selenium-enriched soil selenium content in the range of 100. 00-563. 00 μg/kg,among them,the soil samples with sufficient selenium and rich selenium accounted for 76. 53% and 18. 88%,respectively. Soil selenium content of garlic sampling area was relatively high,and soil selenium content of sugar beet sampling area was relatively low. Vegetable selenium content was in the range of 11. 00-340. 94 μg/kg,the average content of total selenium content of garlic was up to 170. 40 μg/kg,and the average content of the total selenium content of radish is 73. 00 μg/kg.90. 63% of the vegetables in the region reached the level of sufficient selenium,and 70. 31% reached the level of selenium enrichment. The average content of Ca and Mg was higher than the national average. There was no significant correlation between selenium content of soil and vegetable and nutritional quality.展开更多
Developing high-performance alloys with gigapascal strength and excellent ductility is crucial for modern engineering applications.The concept of multi-component high/medium entropy alloys(H/MEAs)provides an innovativ...Developing high-performance alloys with gigapascal strength and excellent ductility is crucial for modern engineering applications.The concept of multi-component high/medium entropy alloys(H/MEAs)provides an innovative approach to designing such alloys.In this work,we developed the Co_(1.5)CrNi_(1.5)Al_(0.2)Ti_(0.2)MEA,which exhibits outstanding mechanical properties at room temperature through low-temperature pre-aging followed by annealing treatment.Tensile testing reveals that the MEA possesses an ultrahigh yield strength of 20±0785 MPa,an ultimate tensile strength of 2365±70 MPa,and exceptional ductility of 15.8%±1.7%.The superior tensile properties are attributed to the formation of fully recrystal-lized heterogeneous structures(HGS)composed of ultrafine grain(UFG)and fine grain(FG)regions,along with discontinuous precipitation of coherent nano-size lamellar L1_(2)precipitates.The mechanical incompatibility between the UFG region and the FG regions during deformation induces the accumulation of a large number of geometrically necessary dislocations at the interface,resulting in strain distribution and hetero-deformation-induced(HDI)stress accumulation,contributing significantly to HDI strengthening.HDI strengthening,precipitation strengthening,and grain boundary strengthening are the primary mechanisms responsible for the ultra-high yield strength of the MEA.During deformation,the dominant deformation mechanisms include dislocation slip,deformation-induced stacking faults,and Lomer-Cottrell locks,with minor deformation twinning.The synergistic interaction of these multiple deformation modes provides the MEA with excellent work hardening capability,delaying plastic instability and achieving an excellent combination of strength and ductility.This study provides an effective strategy for synergistically strengthening MEAs by combining HDI strengthening with traditional strengthening mechanisms.These findings pave the way for the development of advanced structural materials with high performance tailored for demanding applications in engineering.展开更多
The influence of Nb-V microalloying on the hot deformation behavior and microstructures of medium Mn steel(MMS)was investigated by uniaxial hot compression tests.By establishing the constitutive equations for simulati...The influence of Nb-V microalloying on the hot deformation behavior and microstructures of medium Mn steel(MMS)was investigated by uniaxial hot compression tests.By establishing the constitutive equations for simulating the measured flow curves,we successfully constructed deformation activation energy(Q)maps and processing maps for identifying the region of flow instability.We concluded the following consequences of Nb-V alloying for MMS.(i)The critical strain increases and the increment diminishes with the increasing deformation temperature,suggesting that NbC precipitates more efficiently retard dynamic recrystallization(DRX)in MMS compared with solute Nb.(ii)The deformation activation energy of MMS is significantly increased and even higher than that of some reported high Mn steels,suggesting that its ability to retard DRX is greater than that of the high Mn content.(iii)The hot workability of MMS is improved by narrowing the hot processing window for the unstable flow stress,in which fine recrystallized and coarse unrecrystallized grains are present.展开更多
The growing demand for material properties in challenging environments has led to a surge of interest in rapid composition design. Given the great potential composition space, the field of high/medium entropy alloys (...The growing demand for material properties in challenging environments has led to a surge of interest in rapid composition design. Given the great potential composition space, the field of high/medium entropy alloys (H/MEAs) still lacks effective atomic-scale composition design and screening schemes, which hinders the accurate prediction of desired composition and properties. This study proposes a novel approach for rapidly designing the composition of materials with the aim of overcoming the trade-off between strength and ductility in metal matrix composites. The effect of chemical composition on stacking fault energy (SFE), shear modulus, and phase stability was investigated through the use of molecular dynamics (MD) and thermodynamic calculation software. The alloy's low SFE, highest shear modulus, and stable face-centered cubic (FCC) phase have been identified as three standard physical quantities for rapid screening to characterize the deformation mechanism, ultimate tensile strength, phase stability, and ductility of the alloy. The calculation results indicate that the optimal composition space is expected to fall within the ranges of 17 %–34 % Ni, 33 %–50 % Co, and 25 %–33 % Mn. The comparison of stress-strain curves for various predicted components using simulated and experimental results serves to reinforce the efficacy of the method. This indicates that the screening criteria offer a necessary design concept, deviating from traditional strategies and providing crucial guidance for the rapid development and application of MEAs.展开更多
Low-concentration coal mine methane(LC-CMM),which is predominantly composed of methane,serves as a clean and low-carbon energy resource with significant potential for utilization.Utilizing LC-CMM as fuel for solid oxi...Low-concentration coal mine methane(LC-CMM),which is predominantly composed of methane,serves as a clean and low-carbon energy resource with significant potential for utilization.Utilizing LC-CMM as fuel for solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)represents an efficient and promising strategy for its effective utilization.However,direct application in Ni-based anodes induces carbon deposition,which severely degrades cell performance.Herein,a medium-entropy oxide Sr_(2)FeNi_(0.1)Cr_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Mo_(0.3)O_(6−δ)(SFNCMM)was developed as an anode internal reforming catalyst.Following reduction treatment,FeNi_(3) nano-alloy particles precipitate on the surface of the material,thereby significantly enhancing its catalytic activity for LC-CMM reforming process.The catalyst achieved a methane conversion rate of 53.3%,demonstrating excellent catalytic performance.Electrochemical evaluations revealed that SFNCMM-Gd_(0.1)Ce_(0.9)O_(2−δ)(GDC)with a weight ratio of 7:3 exhibited superior electrochemical performance when employed as the anodic catalytic layer.With H_(2) and LC-CMM as fuels,the single cell achieved maximum power densities of 1467.32 and 1116.97 mW·cm^(−2) at 800℃,respectively,with corresponding polarization impedances of 0.17 and 1.35Ω·cm^(2).Furthermore,the single cell maintained stable operation for over 100 h under LC-CMM fueling without significant carbon deposition,confirming its robust resistance to carbon formation.These results underscore the potential of medium-entropy oxides as highly effective catalytic layers for mitigating carbon deposition in SOFCs.展开更多
BACKGROUND Oil-based iodinated contrast media have excellent contrast properties and are widely used for hysterosalpingographic evaluation of female infertility.On abdominal radiography and computed tomography(CT)scan...BACKGROUND Oil-based iodinated contrast media have excellent contrast properties and are widely used for hysterosalpingographic evaluation of female infertility.On abdominal radiography and computed tomography(CT)scans,their radiodensity is similar to that of metallic objects,which can sometimes lead to diagnostic confusion in the postoperative settings.In this case,retained oil-based contrast medium was observed on an abdominal radiograph following a cesarean section,making it difficult to differentiate from an intraperitoneal foreign body from surgery.The patient was a 37-year-old pregnant woman who was referred to our hospital at 32 weeks and 1 day of pregnancy due to complete placenta previa for mana-gement of pregnancy and delivery.An elective cesarean section was performed at 37 weeks and 3 days.A plain abdominal radiograph taken immediately after surgery revealed a near-round,hyperdense,mass-like shadow with a regular margin in the pelvic cavity.An intraperitoneal foreign body was suspected;therefore,an abdominal CT scan was performed.The foreign body was located on the left side of the pouch of Douglas and had a CT value of 7000 Hounsfield units,similar to that of metals.The CT value strongly suggested the presence of an artificial object.However,further inquiries with the patient and her previous physician revealed a history of hysterosalpingography.Accordingly,retained oil-based iodinated contrast medium was suspected,and observation of the object’s course was adopted.CONCLUSION When intraperitoneal foreign bodies are suspected on postoperative radiographs,the possibility of oil-based iodinated contrast medium retention should be considered.展开更多
[Objectives]To evaluate the performance of two rapid chromogenic media for the detection of Bacillus cereus in milk powder,and verify the media's inclusivity,exclusivity,and accuracy,and to assess their applicabil...[Objectives]To evaluate the performance of two rapid chromogenic media for the detection of Bacillus cereus in milk powder,and verify the media's inclusivity,exclusivity,and accuracy,and to assess their applicability for the quantitative detection of B.cereus.[Methods]B.cereus in milk powder samples was quantified using two rapid chromogenic media in combination with the national standard method.Agreement between the quantitative results from the three methods was subsequently assessed for agreement via a paired t-test.[Results]No significant differences were observed between the bacterial counts yielded by the two rapid chromogenic media and the national standard method(P>0.05),with excellent agreement between them.[Conclusions]The method of rapid chromogenic culture medium is rapid and simple.展开更多
We present a spatial analysis of Bitcoin-accepting merchants using BTC Map,a global crowdsourced dataset built on OpenStreetMap,to provide ground-level evidence on Bitcoin’s payment ecosystem.While prior research emp...We present a spatial analysis of Bitcoin-accepting merchants using BTC Map,a global crowdsourced dataset built on OpenStreetMap,to provide ground-level evidence on Bitcoin’s payment ecosystem.While prior research emphasizes macroeconomic drivers,our analysis of approximately 11,000 merchants shows that local adoption is more strongly shaped by community dynamics and sectoral niches.Acknowledging quality variance in crowdsourced data,we focus on verified regional clusters.We find a global concentration of adoption in the hospitality sector,localised clusters driven by grassroots initiatives rather than national policy and significant presence in alternative healthcare and IT services.These findings highlight the limits of top-down interventions such as El Salvador’s legal tender law and underscore the role of social networks in sustaining adoption.By contrasting spatial micro-level evidence with national studies,this work positions merchant data as a key lens for understanding Bitcoin’s evolving role as a medium of exchange.展开更多
The dynamics of fluid and non-buoyant particles in a librating horizontal annulus is studied experimentally.In the absence of librations,the granular material forms a cylindrical layer near the outer boundary of the a...The dynamics of fluid and non-buoyant particles in a librating horizontal annulus is studied experimentally.In the absence of librations,the granular material forms a cylindrical layer near the outer boundary of the annulus and undergoes rigid-body rotation with the fluid and the annulus.It is demonstrated that the librational liquefaction of the granular material results in pattern formation.This self-organization process stems from the excitation of inertial modes induced by the oscillatory motion of liquefied granular material under the influence of the gravitational force.The inertial wave induces vortical fluid flow which entrains particles from rest and forms eroded areas that are equidistant from each other along the axis of rotation.Theoretical analysis and experiments demonstrate that a liquefied layer of granular material oscillates with a radian frequency equal to the angular velocity of the annulus and interacts with the inertial wave it excites.The new phenomenon of libration-induced pattern formation is of practical interest as it can be used to control multiphase flows and mass transfer in rotating containers in a variety of industrial processes.展开更多
The energy-focusing blast is an innovative and ingenious method to achieve directional fracturing.Understanding its energy regulation mechanism is critical to enhancing its practical effectiveness.This study investiga...The energy-focusing blast is an innovative and ingenious method to achieve directional fracturing.Understanding its energy regulation mechanism is critical to enhancing its practical effectiveness.This study investigates the energy regulation mechanism and explores the medium-filling effects within the energy-focusing blast by employing theoretical analysis,numerical simulations,and model tests.The findings by theoretical and numerical analysis first reveal that two stages of the fracturing and tensile stage govern the directionally crack propagation,in which the explosion energy in the non-energyfocusing direction is suppressed,compressing the borehole wall,while redirected energy produces tensile stress in the energy-focusing direction,driving the formation of directional cracks.The choice of filling medium significantly affects directional cracking due to its impact on energy distribution and regulation,and key properties such as wave impedance and compressibility of the filling medium are critical.Experimental comparisons using air,sand,and water as filling media further disclose the distinct effects of the medium on energy regulation and directional crack growth of the energy-focusing blast.The maximum shaped-energy coefficients for air,sand,and water are 1.30,4.41,and 6.12 in the energy-focusing direction,respectively.Meanwhile,the stress attenuation rate of air,sand,and water increases in that order.The higher wave impedance and lower compressibility of water support efficient and uniform energy propagation,which subtly enhances the tensile actions in the focusing direction and intensifies the overall stress impact of the energy-focusing blast.In addition,the stresses in the non-energyfocusing directions decrease as the angle from the energy-focusing direction increases,while the stresses are relatively uniform for both air and water but noticeably uneven for sand;meanwhile,the fractal dimensions of blasting cracks in the case of air,water,and sand are 1.076,1.068,and 1.112,respectively.Sand as a filling medium leads to increased crack irregularities due to its granularity and heterogeneity.The water medium strikes an optimal balance by promoting the blasting energy transition and optimizing the energy distribution,maintaining the least flatness of the directional crack during energy-focusing blasts.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32302774)Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System(BAIC04)+1 种基金China Agriculture Research System(CARS-40)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Feed Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAASIFR-ZDRW202402).
文摘Background Organic selenium(Se)has gained recognition in poultry nutrition as a feed additive to boost production and Se deposition in eggs and tissues,owing to its high bioavailability,efficient tissue accumulation and minimal toxicity.Selenium-enriched yeast(SeY)is a well-established source,while selenium-enriched lactobacilli(SeL),a newer alternative,offers the added benefits of probiotics.This study examined the effects of SeY and SeL on egg quality,antioxidant capacity,Se deposition,and gut health in laying hens.After a two-week pre-treatment with a Sedeficient diet(SeD),450 Hy-Line Brown laying hens(30-week-old)were assigned into five dietary groups with six replicates of 15 hens each.The groups included a SeD,SeD supplemented with 1.5 mg Se/kg from SeY(SeY15),or 1.5,3.0,and 6.0 mg Se/kg from SeL(SeL15,SeL30,SeL60).The feeding trial lasted for 12 weeks.Results SeY15 and SeL15 improved the feed-to-egg ratio(P<0.05)in the latter stages.Haugh units were significantly increased(P<0.05)in the SeY15 and SeL30 groups,while darker yolk color(P<0.05)was observed in the SeY15,SeL15,and SeL60 groups.All Se-supplemented diets increased Se content in whole eggs,albumen,and yolk(P<0.05),while SeL groups showed a dose-dependent effect.Antioxidant enzyme activities increased,and MDA content decreased in the serum(P<0.05),with SeY15 showing the highest GSH-Px levels(P<0.05).SeL60 increased serum alkaline phosphatase and aspartate transaminase,and distorted the liver architecture(P<0.05).Se-diets reduced concentrations of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the ileum and liver(P<0.05).SeL15 improved the ileal villus height-tocrypt depth ratio(P<0.05).SeY15 and/or SeL15 up-regulated TXNRD1 and SEPHS1 mRNA while down-regulating SCLY expression in the liver.SeY15 altered ileal microbiota by increasing both beneficial and pathogenic bacteria,whereas SeL15 predominantly boosted beneficial bacteria.Conclusion SeL integrates the antioxidant properties of organic Se with the probiotic benefits on gut health,resulting in a performance-enhancing effect comparable to that of SeY.However,high SeL level(6.0 mg Se/kg)compromised productivity and metabolic functions while enhancing Se deposition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51872078,52272197,52572219)Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LH2024E106)。
文摘High-entropy oxides(HEOs)derive their exceptional properties from the atomic-level homogenization of multiple constituent elements within the crystal lattice,which induces a sophisticated local environment that fundamentally reconfigures electron density distributions and coordination environment at active sites.However,the mechanisms by which multi-component systems in HEOs precisely regulate high-activity catalytic sites remain poorly understood.This work addresses this gap by designing medium-entropy perovskite oxides through the strategic incorporation of transition metals with distinct electronegativities and ionic radii,aiming to unravel how local environmental modifications impact the energy band location,coordination states,and adsorption behavior of the Co site.A family of A_(4)BO_(4)-type medium-entropy oxides PrSr(Fe_(0.2)Co_(0.2)Ni_(0.2)Cu_(0.2)M_(0.2))O_(4)(M=Sc,Cr,Mn)was successfully synthesized.Divergent atomic properties among Sc,Cr,and Mn(electronegativity,ionic size,and metal-oxygen bond strength)triggered pronounced electron redistribution,effectively tuning the d-band center of Co.Remarkably,Cr substitution significantly enhanced O_(4) adsorption at Co-active sites,as indicated by an elongated O-O bond length(1.234Å→1.279Å).Concurrently,Cr doping destabilized the M'-O-Cr bonds(M'=Fe,Co,Ni,Cu)and lowered the thermodynamic barrier for oxygen vacancy formation.Electrochemical tests revealed that PrSr(Fe_(0.2)Co_(0.2)Ni_(0.2)Cu_(0.2)Cr_(0.2))O_(4)(PSMO-Cr)exhibited the highest electrical conductivity and fastest oxygen surface exchange kinetics.At 700℃,the area-specific resistance(ASR)of the PSMO-Cr cathode was 0.07Ωcm^(2).Corresponding fuel cells achieved a maximum power density of 0.76 W cm^(-2).In electrolysis mode,the maximum current density reached 0.56 A cm^(-2) under 1.3 V at 700℃using PSMO-Cr as the anode.These results demonstrate that PSMO-Cr is a promising bifunctional catalyst for energy conversion applications.
文摘On January 19,2026,China's first structural interest rate cut of the year took effect.The People's Bank of China announced a 0.25 percentage point reduction in relending and rediscount rates,targeting key sectors like small and micro enterprises(SMEs),technological innovation,and green transition.For the textile industry,where small and medium-sized enterprises account for over 90%of traditional manufacturing,the policy benefits will inject strong momentum into the high-quality development from multiple dimensions,including reduced financing costs,support for transformation funds,and expansion of foreign trade markets.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81872917 and 81741164)。
文摘The objective of this study was to verify the protective effect of Bifidobacterium longum(BL) and the synergistical effect of Selenium and BL on alcohol plus high fat diet(HFD) induced hepatic injury in mice. We also want to explore the mechanism of Selenium-enriched Bifidobacterium longum(Se BL). C57 BL/6 mice were treated with alcohol plus HFD with or without different dosage of BL or Se BL for 4 weeks. Serum levels of ALT, AST, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, FFAs, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, hepatic MDA level, SOD activity, the m RNA levels of AMPK, PPAR-α and SREBP1 were invested. Se BL inhibited lipid accumulation in hepatocytes;reduced serum AST and ALT levels;improved dyslipidemia;decreased serum FFAs, TC, TG and LDL-C levels. Se BL also inhibited alcohol plus HFD-induced hepatocyte oxidative stress through decrease in hepatic MDA levels and increase in SOD activity. Se BL also regulated lipid metabolism related genes such as AMPK, PPAR-α and SREBP1. Although BL had similar effect as Se BL, Se BL is more effective than BL. Se BL protected mice from alcohol plus HFD-induced hepatic injury in mice because of its inhibitory effect on hepatocellular oxidative stress, lipogenesis and inflammation. Selenium enhanced the protective effect of BL.
基金financial sponsored by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC1604405)Fund of Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Plant Germplasm Resources(No.17DZ2252700)Research on the health function of tea and deep-processed products in preventing metabolic diseases(No.C-6105-20-074)。
文摘High-salt diet is well recognized as a risk factor for hypertension,and dietary intervention plays a critical role in the prevention of hypertension.The current study investigated the effects of selenium-enriched green tea(Se-GT)and ordinary green tea(GT)on prevention of hypertension of rats induced by high-salt diet,as well as their potential regulatory and mechanism.Our results showed that GT and Se-GT supplementations significantly prevented the increase of blood pressure(BP),activated the phosphoinosmde-3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt)signaling pathway,and regulated the gene expression related to BP,as well as improved the tissue damage like heart,liver,and kidneys.Besides,the key parameters associated with oxidative stress,inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were also altered by GT and Se-GT treatments.Importantly,GT or Se-GT administration adjusted the diversity and composition of the intestinal flora.Moreover,GT and Se-GT supplementations increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria and reduced the abundance of harmful or conditional pathogenic bacteria.More specifically,GT intake specifically and significantly enriched the relative abundance of Paraprevotella and Bacteroides,whereas Se-GT was characterized by specific and significant enrichment for Allobaculum and Bifidobacterium.Our results proved that dietary supplement of GT and Se-GT remarkably improved the vascular functions and effectively prevented tissue damage by regulation of intestinal flora,and thus preventing hypertension induced by high-salt diet.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD1100202)Shaanxi Social Science Fund Program of China(2018S30)Shaanxi Undergraduate Innovation Planning Project of China(201829041).
文摘As an important symbol of agricultural and sideline products in Ankang City,selenium-enriched tea affects the development of regional agricultural and sideline industries.In this paper,the development status and problems of the selenium-enriched tea products of Ankang were analyzed in terms of capital,technology,management and sales mode.This research is of positive significance to the development of selenium-enriched products and other agricultural and sideline products of health value,and plays a very important role in promoting the cultivation of village-level characteristic industries and the effective realization of targeted poverty alleviation.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi(Guike AA17202026)Program for Scientific Research and Technology Development in Xixiangtant District of Nanning City(201710304)+7 种基金the Special Fund for the Innovation-Driven Development in Guangxi(Guike AA17202019-4&AA17202019)the Science and Technology Development Fund of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Guinongke 2017JM03)the Program for the Scientific Research and Technology Development in Guangxi(Guikehe415104001-22)the Fundamental Research Funds for Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Guinongke 2017YZ03)the Key Research and Development Program of Guangxi(Guike AB16380088)the Experiment Station for Selenium Featured Crops in Guangxi(Gui TS2016011)the Key Research and Development Program of Qingxiu District,Guangxi(2016039)the Scientific and Technological Transformative Project of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(NO.2017NZ04)
文摘[Objectives] The aims were to optimize the extraction process of selenoproteins from selenium-enriched rice in Guangxi and provide references for the intensive processing and comprehensive utilization of selenium protein resources. [Methods]Selenium-enriched rice was used as materials to extract selenoproteins by phosphate buffer extraction method and to optimize the extraction process of selenoproteins by using the orthogonal experiment. Proteins and selenium content was measured by Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 reagent and AFS（ atomic fluorescence spectrometry） respectively. [Results] The most significant factor affecting extraction of rice Selenoproteins was extraction NaO H concentration,followed by the ratio of solid-liquid,temperature and then extraction time. The optimum extraction conditions of selenoproteins from rice were extraction temperature of 50 ℃,NaO H concentration of 0. 14 mol/L,extraction time of 5 h,and solid-liquid ratio of 1∶ 30. [Conclusions]The alkali extraction process optimized by orthogonal test could effectively improve the extraction rate of selenoproteins,and the optimized process parameters could be popularized and applied in practical production.
文摘Selenium is an essential trace element for human health.Eating selenium-enriched eggs is conducive to easily and effectively solving the problem of selenium deficiency.In the production process of selenium-enriched eggs,different selenium sources,additive doses,feeding time,and the addition of other vitamins,trace elements,and methionine in the diet will influence the deposition of selenium in eggs.Through this review,it is intended to provide a reference for the practical,safe and economical production of selenium-enriched eggs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52074078 and 52374327)the Applied Fundamental Research Program of Liaoning Province,China(No.2023JH2/101600002)+3 种基金the Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(No.2022-YQ-09)the Shenyang Young Middle-Aged Scientific and Technological Innovation Talent Support Program,China(No.RC220491)the Liaoning Province Steel Industry-University-Research Innovation Alliance Cooperation Project of Bensteel Group,China(No.KJBLM202202)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Nos.N2201023 and N2325009)。
文摘In recent years,medium entropy alloys have become a research hotspot due to their excellent physical and chemical performances.By controlling reasonable elemental composition and processing parameters,the medium entropy alloys can exhibit similar properties to high entropy alloys and have lower costs.In this paper,a FeCoNi medium entropy alloy precursor was prepared via sol-gel and coprecipitation methods,respectively,and FeCoNi medium entropy alloys were prepared by carbothermal and hydrogen reduction.The phases and magnetic properties of FeCoNi medium entropy alloy were investigated.Results showed that FeCoNi medium entropy alloy was produced by carbothermal and hydrogen reduction at 1500℃.Some carbon was detected in the FeCoNi medium entropy alloy prepared by carbothermal reduction.The alloy prepared by hydrogen reduction was uniform and showed a relatively high purity.Moreover,the hydrogen reduction product exhibited better saturation magnetization and lower coercivity.
基金Supported by Key Science and Technology Project for Innovation-driven Development of Guangxi"High Efficient and Safe Use of Selenium-enriched Soil Resources"(2017AA19015)Scientific Research and Technological Development Program Project of Guangxi Province(Gui Ke He 415104001-22)+2 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Guangxi(Gui Ke AB16380088 and Gui Ke AB16380164)Scientific Research and Technological Development Program Project of Nanning City(20152054-13)Scientific Research and Technological Development Program of Xixiangtang District of Nanning City(2015312)
文摘Taking Scientific Outlook on Development as the guiding principle,this paper introduced the principles of innovation,coordination,green,openness and sharing. Based on gifted advantages of selenium-enriched soil and selenium-enriched industry development in Guangxi,it discussed current practice,stressed green,ecological,characteristic demonstration,transformation and upgrading,and targeted poverty alleviation. Finally,it came up with perspective,practical,and operational strategies and recommendations for development of selenium-enriched industry,to provide reference for sustainable development of selenium-enriched functional industry in Guangxi.
文摘In order to improve the added value of the main vegetable products in Qinghai Province,we researched the effect of soil selenium content on vegetable quality in selenium-enriched area of Qinghai. Through the analysis of Qinghai selenium-enriched soil selenium content and5 kinds of main vegetables corresponds to the total selenium,part of the mineral elements and soluble sugar and VC content,the effects of soil selenium levels on selenium absorption and nourishment quality of vegetables were researched. The results showed that he Qinghai selenium-enriched soil selenium content in the range of 100. 00-563. 00 μg/kg,among them,the soil samples with sufficient selenium and rich selenium accounted for 76. 53% and 18. 88%,respectively. Soil selenium content of garlic sampling area was relatively high,and soil selenium content of sugar beet sampling area was relatively low. Vegetable selenium content was in the range of 11. 00-340. 94 μg/kg,the average content of total selenium content of garlic was up to 170. 40 μg/kg,and the average content of the total selenium content of radish is 73. 00 μg/kg.90. 63% of the vegetables in the region reached the level of sufficient selenium,and 70. 31% reached the level of selenium enrichment. The average content of Ca and Mg was higher than the national average. There was no significant correlation between selenium content of soil and vegetable and nutritional quality.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1603800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12274362).
文摘Developing high-performance alloys with gigapascal strength and excellent ductility is crucial for modern engineering applications.The concept of multi-component high/medium entropy alloys(H/MEAs)provides an innovative approach to designing such alloys.In this work,we developed the Co_(1.5)CrNi_(1.5)Al_(0.2)Ti_(0.2)MEA,which exhibits outstanding mechanical properties at room temperature through low-temperature pre-aging followed by annealing treatment.Tensile testing reveals that the MEA possesses an ultrahigh yield strength of 20±0785 MPa,an ultimate tensile strength of 2365±70 MPa,and exceptional ductility of 15.8%±1.7%.The superior tensile properties are attributed to the formation of fully recrystal-lized heterogeneous structures(HGS)composed of ultrafine grain(UFG)and fine grain(FG)regions,along with discontinuous precipitation of coherent nano-size lamellar L1_(2)precipitates.The mechanical incompatibility between the UFG region and the FG regions during deformation induces the accumulation of a large number of geometrically necessary dislocations at the interface,resulting in strain distribution and hetero-deformation-induced(HDI)stress accumulation,contributing significantly to HDI strengthening.HDI strengthening,precipitation strengthening,and grain boundary strengthening are the primary mechanisms responsible for the ultra-high yield strength of the MEA.During deformation,the dominant deformation mechanisms include dislocation slip,deformation-induced stacking faults,and Lomer-Cottrell locks,with minor deformation twinning.The synergistic interaction of these multiple deformation modes provides the MEA with excellent work hardening capability,delaying plastic instability and achieving an excellent combination of strength and ductility.This study provides an effective strategy for synergistically strengthening MEAs by combining HDI strengthening with traditional strengthening mechanisms.These findings pave the way for the development of advanced structural materials with high performance tailored for demanding applications in engineering.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52233018 and 51831002)the China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgy Innovation Foudation(No.BWLCF202213)。
文摘The influence of Nb-V microalloying on the hot deformation behavior and microstructures of medium Mn steel(MMS)was investigated by uniaxial hot compression tests.By establishing the constitutive equations for simulating the measured flow curves,we successfully constructed deformation activation energy(Q)maps and processing maps for identifying the region of flow instability.We concluded the following consequences of Nb-V alloying for MMS.(i)The critical strain increases and the increment diminishes with the increasing deformation temperature,suggesting that NbC precipitates more efficiently retard dynamic recrystallization(DRX)in MMS compared with solute Nb.(ii)The deformation activation energy of MMS is significantly increased and even higher than that of some reported high Mn steels,suggesting that its ability to retard DRX is greater than that of the high Mn content.(iii)The hot workability of MMS is improved by narrowing the hot processing window for the unstable flow stress,in which fine recrystallized and coarse unrecrystallized grains are present.
基金funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52063017 and 52061025)the Major Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province(Nos.22ZD6GA008 and 20ZD7GJ008)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(No.23JRRA820)The Science and Technology Project of Major Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province(No.22ZD6GA008)the Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province(No.23YFGA0058)the College Industry Support Plan of Gansu Province(No.2023CYZC-27).
文摘The growing demand for material properties in challenging environments has led to a surge of interest in rapid composition design. Given the great potential composition space, the field of high/medium entropy alloys (H/MEAs) still lacks effective atomic-scale composition design and screening schemes, which hinders the accurate prediction of desired composition and properties. This study proposes a novel approach for rapidly designing the composition of materials with the aim of overcoming the trade-off between strength and ductility in metal matrix composites. The effect of chemical composition on stacking fault energy (SFE), shear modulus, and phase stability was investigated through the use of molecular dynamics (MD) and thermodynamic calculation software. The alloy's low SFE, highest shear modulus, and stable face-centered cubic (FCC) phase have been identified as three standard physical quantities for rapid screening to characterize the deformation mechanism, ultimate tensile strength, phase stability, and ductility of the alloy. The calculation results indicate that the optimal composition space is expected to fall within the ranges of 17 %–34 % Ni, 33 %–50 % Co, and 25 %–33 % Mn. The comparison of stress-strain curves for various predicted components using simulated and experimental results serves to reinforce the efficacy of the method. This indicates that the screening criteria offer a necessary design concept, deviating from traditional strategies and providing crucial guidance for the rapid development and application of MEAs.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFB4007501)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20240109)the project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Clean Utilization of Carbon Resources(No.BM2024007).
文摘Low-concentration coal mine methane(LC-CMM),which is predominantly composed of methane,serves as a clean and low-carbon energy resource with significant potential for utilization.Utilizing LC-CMM as fuel for solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)represents an efficient and promising strategy for its effective utilization.However,direct application in Ni-based anodes induces carbon deposition,which severely degrades cell performance.Herein,a medium-entropy oxide Sr_(2)FeNi_(0.1)Cr_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Mo_(0.3)O_(6−δ)(SFNCMM)was developed as an anode internal reforming catalyst.Following reduction treatment,FeNi_(3) nano-alloy particles precipitate on the surface of the material,thereby significantly enhancing its catalytic activity for LC-CMM reforming process.The catalyst achieved a methane conversion rate of 53.3%,demonstrating excellent catalytic performance.Electrochemical evaluations revealed that SFNCMM-Gd_(0.1)Ce_(0.9)O_(2−δ)(GDC)with a weight ratio of 7:3 exhibited superior electrochemical performance when employed as the anodic catalytic layer.With H_(2) and LC-CMM as fuels,the single cell achieved maximum power densities of 1467.32 and 1116.97 mW·cm^(−2) at 800℃,respectively,with corresponding polarization impedances of 0.17 and 1.35Ω·cm^(2).Furthermore,the single cell maintained stable operation for over 100 h under LC-CMM fueling without significant carbon deposition,confirming its robust resistance to carbon formation.These results underscore the potential of medium-entropy oxides as highly effective catalytic layers for mitigating carbon deposition in SOFCs.
文摘BACKGROUND Oil-based iodinated contrast media have excellent contrast properties and are widely used for hysterosalpingographic evaluation of female infertility.On abdominal radiography and computed tomography(CT)scans,their radiodensity is similar to that of metallic objects,which can sometimes lead to diagnostic confusion in the postoperative settings.In this case,retained oil-based contrast medium was observed on an abdominal radiograph following a cesarean section,making it difficult to differentiate from an intraperitoneal foreign body from surgery.The patient was a 37-year-old pregnant woman who was referred to our hospital at 32 weeks and 1 day of pregnancy due to complete placenta previa for mana-gement of pregnancy and delivery.An elective cesarean section was performed at 37 weeks and 3 days.A plain abdominal radiograph taken immediately after surgery revealed a near-round,hyperdense,mass-like shadow with a regular margin in the pelvic cavity.An intraperitoneal foreign body was suspected;therefore,an abdominal CT scan was performed.The foreign body was located on the left side of the pouch of Douglas and had a CT value of 7000 Hounsfield units,similar to that of metals.The CT value strongly suggested the presence of an artificial object.However,further inquiries with the patient and her previous physician revealed a history of hysterosalpingography.Accordingly,retained oil-based iodinated contrast medium was suspected,and observation of the object’s course was adopted.CONCLUSION When intraperitoneal foreign bodies are suspected on postoperative radiographs,the possibility of oil-based iodinated contrast medium retention should be considered.
基金Supported by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region's Key Research and Achievement Transformation Plan(2025YFSH0029).
文摘[Objectives]To evaluate the performance of two rapid chromogenic media for the detection of Bacillus cereus in milk powder,and verify the media's inclusivity,exclusivity,and accuracy,and to assess their applicability for the quantitative detection of B.cereus.[Methods]B.cereus in milk powder samples was quantified using two rapid chromogenic media in combination with the national standard method.Agreement between the quantitative results from the three methods was subsequently assessed for agreement via a paired t-test.[Results]No significant differences were observed between the bacterial counts yielded by the two rapid chromogenic media and the national standard method(P>0.05),with excellent agreement between them.[Conclusions]The method of rapid chromogenic culture medium is rapid and simple.
基金funded in part by the Rapid Response Fund of the AI for Collective Intelligence(AI4CI)hub,a UKRI National AI Research Hub(grant ref EP/Y028392/1).
文摘We present a spatial analysis of Bitcoin-accepting merchants using BTC Map,a global crowdsourced dataset built on OpenStreetMap,to provide ground-level evidence on Bitcoin’s payment ecosystem.While prior research emphasizes macroeconomic drivers,our analysis of approximately 11,000 merchants shows that local adoption is more strongly shaped by community dynamics and sectoral niches.Acknowledging quality variance in crowdsourced data,we focus on verified regional clusters.We find a global concentration of adoption in the hospitality sector,localised clusters driven by grassroots initiatives rather than national policy and significant presence in alternative healthcare and IT services.These findings highlight the limits of top-down interventions such as El Salvador’s legal tender law and underscore the role of social networks in sustaining adoption.By contrasting spatial micro-level evidence with national studies,this work positions merchant data as a key lens for understanding Bitcoin’s evolving role as a medium of exchange.
基金funded by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation within the framework of a state assignment,number 1023032300071-6-2.3.1.
文摘The dynamics of fluid and non-buoyant particles in a librating horizontal annulus is studied experimentally.In the absence of librations,the granular material forms a cylindrical layer near the outer boundary of the annulus and undergoes rigid-body rotation with the fluid and the annulus.It is demonstrated that the librational liquefaction of the granular material results in pattern formation.This self-organization process stems from the excitation of inertial modes induced by the oscillatory motion of liquefied granular material under the influence of the gravitational force.The inertial wave induces vortical fluid flow which entrains particles from rest and forms eroded areas that are equidistant from each other along the axis of rotation.Theoretical analysis and experiments demonstrate that a liquefied layer of granular material oscillates with a radian frequency equal to the angular velocity of the annulus and interacts with the inertial wave it excites.The new phenomenon of libration-induced pattern formation is of practical interest as it can be used to control multiphase flows and mass transfer in rotating containers in a variety of industrial processes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51904188)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(No.2024M763564)the Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics and Geohazards of Zhejiang Province(No.ZJRMG-2022-03)。
文摘The energy-focusing blast is an innovative and ingenious method to achieve directional fracturing.Understanding its energy regulation mechanism is critical to enhancing its practical effectiveness.This study investigates the energy regulation mechanism and explores the medium-filling effects within the energy-focusing blast by employing theoretical analysis,numerical simulations,and model tests.The findings by theoretical and numerical analysis first reveal that two stages of the fracturing and tensile stage govern the directionally crack propagation,in which the explosion energy in the non-energyfocusing direction is suppressed,compressing the borehole wall,while redirected energy produces tensile stress in the energy-focusing direction,driving the formation of directional cracks.The choice of filling medium significantly affects directional cracking due to its impact on energy distribution and regulation,and key properties such as wave impedance and compressibility of the filling medium are critical.Experimental comparisons using air,sand,and water as filling media further disclose the distinct effects of the medium on energy regulation and directional crack growth of the energy-focusing blast.The maximum shaped-energy coefficients for air,sand,and water are 1.30,4.41,and 6.12 in the energy-focusing direction,respectively.Meanwhile,the stress attenuation rate of air,sand,and water increases in that order.The higher wave impedance and lower compressibility of water support efficient and uniform energy propagation,which subtly enhances the tensile actions in the focusing direction and intensifies the overall stress impact of the energy-focusing blast.In addition,the stresses in the non-energyfocusing directions decrease as the angle from the energy-focusing direction increases,while the stresses are relatively uniform for both air and water but noticeably uneven for sand;meanwhile,the fractal dimensions of blasting cracks in the case of air,water,and sand are 1.076,1.068,and 1.112,respectively.Sand as a filling medium leads to increased crack irregularities due to its granularity and heterogeneity.The water medium strikes an optimal balance by promoting the blasting energy transition and optimizing the energy distribution,maintaining the least flatness of the directional crack during energy-focusing blasts.
