Expression vector p301-bG1 contains a Sw gene and a bialaphos resistance gene both driven by glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) gene promoter isolated from Lentinus edodes ( Berk.) Sing. Using p301-bG1, P...Expression vector p301-bG1 contains a Sw gene and a bialaphos resistance gene both driven by glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) gene promoter isolated from Lentinus edodes ( Berk.) Sing. Using p301-bG1, PEG-mediated transformation of protoplast of L. edodes was studied. Mixed with PEG-purified plasmid DNA, the protoplasts of L. edodes were treated with PEG solution and cultured on CYM regeneration plate containing 40 mug/mL bialaphos. Bialaphos-resistant and GUS-positive transformants were obtained using this transformation system. Although the transformation efficiency was relatively low, the protocols release large expenses on expensive instrument and restriction enzymes, providing a simple and economical method for mushroom breeding at the molecular level.展开更多
An experimental study was performed to determine the characteristics and drying process of mushroom （Lentinus edodes） by 6 different hot-air drying methods namely isothermal drying, uniform raise drying, non-uniform...An experimental study was performed to determine the characteristics and drying process of mushroom （Lentinus edodes） by 6 different hot-air drying methods namely isothermal drying, uniform raise drying, non-uniform raise drying, uniform intermittent drying, non-uniform intermittent drying and combined drying. The chemical composition （dry matter, ash, crude protein, crude fat, total sugars, dietary fiber, and energy）, color parameters （L, a＊, b＊, c＊, and h~） and rehydration capacities were determined. Among all the experiments, non-uniform intermittent drying reached a better comprehensive results due to the higher chemical composition, better color quality associated with high bright （26.381＋5.842）, high color tone （73.670＋2.975）, low chroma （13.349a：3.456） as well as the highest rehydration （453.76% weigh of dried body）. Nine kinds of classical mathematical model were used to obtained moisture data and the Midili-kucuk model can be described by the drying process with the coefficient （R2 ranged from 0.99790 to 0.99967）, chi-square （X2 ranged from 0.00003 to 0.00019） and root mean square error （RMSE ranged from 0.000486 to 0.0012367）.展开更多
Lentinan samples,(1→3)-β-D-glucans containing 4.6-15.2 wt%proteins,coded as L-I_1 L-I_2 L-I_3 and L-I_4(L-I)were isolated from four kinds of Lentinus edodes.These glucans were treated with acetone to remove the prot...Lentinan samples,(1→3)-β-D-glucans containing 4.6-15.2 wt%proteins,coded as L-I_1 L-I_2 L-I_3 and L-I_4(L-I)were isolated from four kinds of Lentinus edodes.These glucans were treated with acetone to remove the protein in orderto obtain free protein glucans coded as LNP-I_1,LNP-I_2.LNP-I_3 and LNP-I_4(LNP-I).The free-protein polysaccharideswere sulfated to give derivatives(S-LNP-I)with degree of substitution(DS)from 0.4-0.8.The structural features andweight-average molecular weight(M_w)of the samples were investigated by using infrared spectroscopy,elemental analysis,^(13)C-NMR,size exclusion chromatography combined with laser light scattering(SEC-LLS)and viscometry.The effects ofstructure and conformation of the polysaccharides on antitumor activities were assayed in vivo(Sarcoma 180 solid tumors)and in vitro(Sarcoma 180,HL-60,MCF-7 and Vero tumors).The results indicated that the predominant species of thesamples L-I and LNP-I in 0.2 mol/L NaCl aqueous solution existed as triple-helical chains with high rigidity and in dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO)as single-flexible chains.Interestingly,the antitumor activities of LNP-I are lower than those of the nativeglucans(L-I),whereas their sulfated derivatives have higher inhibition ratio against Sarcoma 180 than LNP-I.The resultsreveal that the binding of protein,sulfated modification and the triple helix conformation are important factors in theenhancement of the antitumor activities of polysaccharides on the whole.展开更多
Plant-based fermentations provide an untapped source for novel biotechnological applications.In this study,a probiotic named Lactobacillus fermentum 21828 was introduced to ferment Lentinus edodes.Polysaccharides were...Plant-based fermentations provide an untapped source for novel biotechnological applications.In this study,a probiotic named Lactobacillus fermentum 21828 was introduced to ferment Lentinus edodes.Polysaccharides were extracted from fermented and non-fermented L.edodes and purified via DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100.The components designated F-LEP-2a and NF-LEP-2a were analyzed by FT-IR,HPGPC,HPAEC,SEM,GC-MS and NMR.The results revealed that probiotic fermentation increased the molecular weight from 1.16×10^(4) Da to 1.87×10^(4) Da and altered the proportions of glucose,galactose and mannose,in which glucose increased from 45.94%to 48.16%.Methylation analysis and NMR spectra indicated that F-LEP-2a and NF-LEP-2a had similar linkage patterns.Furthermore,their immunomodulatory activities were evaluated with immunosuppressive mice.NF-LEP and F-LEP improved immune organ indices,immunoglobulin(Ig G and Ig M)and cytokines concentrations;restored the antioxidation capacity of liver;and maintained the balance of gut microbiota.F-LEP displayed better moderating effects on the spleen index,immunoglobulin,cytokines and the diversity of gut microbiota than NF-LEP(200,400 mg/kg).Our study provides an efficient and environment-friendly way for the structural modification of polysaccharides,which helps to enhance their biological activity and promote their wide application in food,medicine and other fields.展开更多
Critical concentrations of α-(1→3)-D-glucan L-FV-Ⅱ from Lentinus edodes were studied by viscometry andfluorescence probe techniques. The dependence of the reduced viscosity on concentration of the glucan in 0.5 mol...Critical concentrations of α-(1→3)-D-glucan L-FV-Ⅱ from Lentinus edodes were studied by viscometry andfluorescence probe techniques. The dependence of the reduced viscosity on concentration of the glucan in 0.5 mol/L NaOHaqueous solutions with or without urea showed two turning points corresponding to the dynamic contact concentration c_s andthe overlap concentration c~* of the polymer. The values of c_s and c~* were found to be 1×10^(-3) g cm^(-3) and 1.1×10^(-2) g cm^(-3),respectively, for L-FV-Ⅱ in 0.5 mol/L NaOH aqueous solutions. The two critical concentrations of L-FV-Ⅱ in 0.5 mol/LNaOH aqueous solutions were also found to be 1.2×10^(-3) g cm^(-3) fbr c_s and 9.2×10^(-3) g cm^(-3) for c~* from the concentrationdependence of phenanthrene fluorescence intensities. The overlap concentration c~* of L-FV-Ⅱ in 0.5 mol/L NaOH aqueoussolutions was lower than that of polystyrene with same molecular weight in benzene, owing to the fact that polysaccharidetends to undergo aggregation caused by intermolecular hydrogen bonding. A normal viscosity behavior of L-FV-Ⅱ in 0.5 mol/L urea/0.5 mol/L NaOH aqueous solutions can still be observed in an extremely low concentration range at 25℃.展开更多
Autoimmune hepatitis(AIH)is a chronic inflammatory liver disease that threatens human health worldwide.The aim of this study was to detect the protective effect of a fermented Lentinus edodes extract containingα-gluc...Autoimmune hepatitis(AIH)is a chronic inflammatory liver disease that threatens human health worldwide.The aim of this study was to detect the protective effect of a fermented Lentinus edodes extract containingα-glucan(FLA),in a concanavalin A(Con A)-induced AIH mouse model and to determine the underlying liver-protective mechanism.The results showed that compared with the model group,the level of proinflammatory cytokines in serum of FLA pretreated mice was significantly decreased,and the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration in liver,thymus and spleen was significantly reduced.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemistry,and Western blotting showed that FLA pre-treatment inhibited the Con A-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes by down-regulating the expression of BAX and up-regulating the expression of BCL-2.Further research found that FLA may improve liver injury in mice by activating NRF2 signaling pathway and inhibiting TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway.Thus,FLA may improve liver injury in mice by shifting gut microbial composition to reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines in the serum and prevent the necrosis of hepatocytes.Up-regulation of NRF2 signaling pathway,down-regulation of TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway,and an increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus_johnsonii and Ligilactobacillus_murinus play a protective role in liver.展开更多
Lentinus edodes(L.edodes)is a popular edible mushroom,which is very easy to rot and deteriorate after harvest.The quality of L.edodes were significantly affected by different packaging materials.Hence,polypropylene(PP...Lentinus edodes(L.edodes)is a popular edible mushroom,which is very easy to rot and deteriorate after harvest.The quality of L.edodes were significantly affected by different packaging materials.Hence,polypropylene(PP)or polyethylene(PE)packaging were employed to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms on the post-harvested quality of L.edodes.Compared with PE packaging,PP packaging could maintain good storage quality and membrane integrity of L.edodes by reducing oxidative damage,which might be related to the significantly decreased relative electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content at the later stage of storage.Also,PP packaging could improve the antioxidant ability and inhibit the production of H_(2)O_(2)by the decreased catalase and increased superoxide dismutase content.Phenylalanine ammonia lyase,phenylalanine ammonia lyase and cinnamaldehyde dehydrogenase,as the key enzymes in the metabolic pathway of phenylpropane,increased at the later storage of PP-packaged L.edodes.It helped the synthesis of phenolic substances and lignin accumulation.These results indicated PP packaging could be an effective material for maintaining the postharvest storage quality of L.edodes,which might be related to the antioxidant system and phenylpropane pathway.展开更多
Shiitake mushroom(Lentinus edodes)fermentation broth,enriched with bioactive compounds,has considerable potential in mitigating oxidative stress and alcohol-induced organ damage.This study systematically evaluated the...Shiitake mushroom(Lentinus edodes)fermentation broth,enriched with bioactive compounds,has considerable potential in mitigating oxidative stress and alcohol-induced organ damage.This study systematically evaluated the antioxidant capacity in vitro and hepatoprotective effects in vivo of a sequential multi-microbial fermentation broth(MMF)utilizing Bacillus subtilis,lactic acid bacteria,and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.In vitro assays demon-strated that MMF possesses potent,concentration-dependent radical scavenging activity,with a notable Oxygen radical absorption capacity half-life of 6.83 h.Furthermore,MMF significantly enhanced the viability of NRK cells(up to 124.91%at 1.25 mg/mL)and offered protection against oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide.In vivo,the administration of MMF to alcohol-treated mice effectively reduced pro-inflammatory cy-tokines(TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β),restored hepatic antioxidant enzymes(GSH,CAT),and normalized malondialdehyde(MDA)levels.Histopathological analysis verified MMF’s protective effects on liver and gastric tissues,mitigating alcohol-induced structural damage.Serum lipid profiles(LDL,LDL-C,TC)were improved,highlighting MMF’s dual role in alleviating oxidative injury and modulating lipid metabolism.These findings highlight the potential of multi-strain fermentation to enhance the bioactivity of shiitake-derived compounds,providing a foundation for the development of functional foods targeting alcohol-related disorders.展开更多
Mushroom polysaccharides are natural macromolecules that could regulate biological life activities.Two new polysaccharides(TS-P and LE-P)were extracted from Trametes sanguinea and wild Lentinus edodes.The results of t...Mushroom polysaccharides are natural macromolecules that could regulate biological life activities.Two new polysaccharides(TS-P and LE-P)were extracted from Trametes sanguinea and wild Lentinus edodes.The results of the structural appraisal showed that both TS-P and LE-P had glucose and galactose as their main monosaccharide components.The main chain of TS-P consisted of(1→4)-α-D-Glcp and(1→4,6)-β-D-Glcp,with(4→6)-β-D-Manp and→1)-α-D-Galp as branched chains;and the main chain of LE-P consists of(1→4)-α-D-Galp,(1→6)-α-D-Galp,(1→4)-β-D-Glcp,and(1→4,6)-β-D-Glcp,with the(1→4)-β-D-Arap and→1)-α-D-Galp as branched chains.The in vitro activity of immunoreactivity results showed that the proliferative effect of TS-P and LE-P on macrophages was concentration-dependent over a range of concentrations,and both showed the best proliferation effect of 143.50%and 38.09%,respectively,at a concentration of 20μg/mL.The anti-tumor results showed that the best inhibition of gastric cancer cells was achieved when the concentration of TS-P and LE-P was both 10μg/mL,and the inhibition rates were 76.08%and 42.24%,respectively.The effect of F-actin on the cytoskeleton of MFC cells labeled with fluorescein-FITC showed that both polysaccharides significantly reduced the fluorescent expression of F-actin in MFC cells.TS-P containing higher(1→4)-glycosidic bonds and mannose has stronger immunoreactivity and antitumor activity than LE-P in vitro.These findings provide valuable insights for the development of polysaccharide-based therapeutics.展开更多
Extra-added L-cysteine effectively inhibited the browning of Maillard peptides(MPs)derived from Lentinus edodes.Meanwhile,an unsaturated fatty acid(UFA)was introduced to increase the content of 1-octen-3-ol(mushroom a...Extra-added L-cysteine effectively inhibited the browning of Maillard peptides(MPs)derived from Lentinus edodes.Meanwhile,an unsaturated fatty acid(UFA)was introduced to increase the content of 1-octen-3-ol(mushroom alcohol)to enhance the mushroom aroma of the MPs.Among the three UFAs tested,linoleic acid(LA)exhibited the strongest promoting effect on 1-octen-3-ol,resulting in a 1-octen-3-ol content of 74.57±1.48μg/L in MPs.When LA was co-heated with L-cysteine and/or xylose,a synergistic effect was observed between LA and L-cysteine,leading to the highest 1-octen-3-ol content of 211.29±3.62μg/L in LA-L-cysteine-xylose system.The enzymatic hydrolysate of commercial safflower seed oil was further used as an alternative source of LA to fortify the typical mushroom flavor.The incorporation of 25%safflower seed oil hydrolysate was recommended to enhance the 1-octen-3-ol production(133.09±8.74μg/L)in MPs.These findings provide new ideas for enhancing the mushroom aroma,offering potential applications in flavor design and food processing.展开更多
The concept of healthiness and sustainability has promoted the innovation and development of“clean-label”products.Physico-chemical,oxidation and flavor characteristics of carp surimi with different amounts of Lentin...The concept of healthiness and sustainability has promoted the innovation and development of“clean-label”products.Physico-chemical,oxidation and flavor characteristics of carp surimi with different amounts of Lentinus Edodes(LE)(0-10%)as a“clean-label”ingredient were investigated.Specifically,the color changes induced by the LE addition were not visually obvious.The 4%-10%LE addition could enhance the water holding capacity,gel strength,hardness,total reducing power and free radical scavenging rate of the samples.The cooking loss was at good levels with 6%-8%LE and negatively related to gel strength by Pearson correlation analysis.The rheological characteristics,immobilize water distribution,microstructure varied with the LE addition,and 6%addition amount was their important turning point.The total reducing power and free radical scavenging rate were positively correlated with the amounts of LE,and the minimal lipid and protein oxidation was observed at 6%-8%LE.Besides,LE addition enhanced salty and umami tastes and enriched the alcohols,aldehydes and ketones of samples.As a result,the moderate addition of LE could improve the quality of carp surimi and LE had potential to be a“clean-label”ingredient in carp surimi.展开更多
为解析同一品种不同产地香菇的精深加工适宜性,以我国两大香菇主产区湖北随州和浙江庆元的主栽香菇品种‘申香1513’为研究对象,分别采用热水浸提法(hot water extraction)、超声波辅助热水提取法(ultrasonicassisted hot water extract...为解析同一品种不同产地香菇的精深加工适宜性,以我国两大香菇主产区湖北随州和浙江庆元的主栽香菇品种‘申香1513’为研究对象,分别采用热水浸提法(hot water extraction)、超声波辅助热水提取法(ultrasonicassisted hot water extraction)和微波辅助热水提取法(microwave-assisted hot water extraction)三种工艺制备不同水提物(湖北随州:HH、HU和HM;浙江庆元:ZH、ZU和ZM),并利用高效液相色谱法、紫外光谱法和傅里叶红外光谱法等方法,重点比较了其理化性质和结构特征差异。结果显示,6种水提物的多糖含量在37.44%~53.17%,蛋白含量在14.70%~27.03%,HH和ZH的多糖及蛋白含量均高于其余两种提取方法,浙江水提物的蛋白含量均大于湖北水提物,HU和ZM具有相对更高的灰分含量;红外光谱显示6种水提物中存在O-H、CH等多糖特征峰以及N-H等蛋白特征峰;氨基酸分析显示6种水提物的氨基酸种类齐全,且谷氨酸含量最高,其中,ZM的总氨基酸含量最高,HH的总氨基酸含量最低,HU的各氨基酸含量高于HH、HM,ZM的氨基酸含量高于ZH、ZU;分子量分析显示湖北香菇水提物分子量呈现三峰分布,浙江香菇水提物分子量为双峰分布;单糖组成分析表明6种香菇水提物均由甘露糖、盐酸氨基葡萄糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖组成,其中,葡萄糖含量最高,均在90%以上,超声和微波处理均能提高其单糖含量。综上,同一品种不同产地香菇在不同提取工艺下所得水提物理化性质和结构差异显著,若想提取水提物中的有效活性物质,则热水提取法为两地香菇的最佳提取方法,若要得到较高氨基酸含量的水提物,则湖北香菇采用超声辅助热水提取法,浙江香菇采用微波辅助热水提取法,该研究可为不同香菇的精深加工适宜性解析提供模型支撑,亦可为以同一品种、不同产地的香菇水提物作为食品基料,开展新型未来健康食品的精准开发,提供理论依据。展开更多
文摘Expression vector p301-bG1 contains a Sw gene and a bialaphos resistance gene both driven by glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) gene promoter isolated from Lentinus edodes ( Berk.) Sing. Using p301-bG1, PEG-mediated transformation of protoplast of L. edodes was studied. Mixed with PEG-purified plasmid DNA, the protoplasts of L. edodes were treated with PEG solution and cultured on CYM regeneration plate containing 40 mug/mL bialaphos. Bialaphos-resistant and GUS-positive transformants were obtained using this transformation system. Although the transformation efficiency was relatively low, the protocols release large expenses on expensive instrument and restriction enzymes, providing a simple and economical method for mushroom breeding at the molecular level.
基金supported by the National High-Tech R&D Program of China(863 Program,2011AA100805-2)the Project from Chongqing Science and Technology Committee(CSTC2011AC1010)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31271825)
文摘An experimental study was performed to determine the characteristics and drying process of mushroom （Lentinus edodes） by 6 different hot-air drying methods namely isothermal drying, uniform raise drying, non-uniform raise drying, uniform intermittent drying, non-uniform intermittent drying and combined drying. The chemical composition （dry matter, ash, crude protein, crude fat, total sugars, dietary fiber, and energy）, color parameters （L, a＊, b＊, c＊, and h~） and rehydration capacities were determined. Among all the experiments, non-uniform intermittent drying reached a better comprehensive results due to the higher chemical composition, better color quality associated with high bright （26.381＋5.842）, high color tone （73.670＋2.975）, low chroma （13.349a：3.456） as well as the highest rehydration （453.76% weigh of dried body）. Nine kinds of classical mathematical model were used to obtained moisture data and the Midili-kucuk model can be described by the drying process with the coefficient （R2 ranged from 0.99790 to 0.99967）, chi-square （X2 ranged from 0.00003 to 0.00019） and root mean square error （RMSE ranged from 0.000486 to 0.0012367）.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20074025).
文摘Lentinan samples,(1→3)-β-D-glucans containing 4.6-15.2 wt%proteins,coded as L-I_1 L-I_2 L-I_3 and L-I_4(L-I)were isolated from four kinds of Lentinus edodes.These glucans were treated with acetone to remove the protein in orderto obtain free protein glucans coded as LNP-I_1,LNP-I_2.LNP-I_3 and LNP-I_4(LNP-I).The free-protein polysaccharideswere sulfated to give derivatives(S-LNP-I)with degree of substitution(DS)from 0.4-0.8.The structural features andweight-average molecular weight(M_w)of the samples were investigated by using infrared spectroscopy,elemental analysis,^(13)C-NMR,size exclusion chromatography combined with laser light scattering(SEC-LLS)and viscometry.The effects ofstructure and conformation of the polysaccharides on antitumor activities were assayed in vivo(Sarcoma 180 solid tumors)and in vitro(Sarcoma 180,HL-60,MCF-7 and Vero tumors).The results indicated that the predominant species of thesamples L-I and LNP-I in 0.2 mol/L NaCl aqueous solution existed as triple-helical chains with high rigidity and in dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO)as single-flexible chains.Interestingly,the antitumor activities of LNP-I are lower than those of the nativeglucans(L-I),whereas their sulfated derivatives have higher inhibition ratio against Sarcoma 180 than LNP-I.The resultsreveal that the binding of protein,sulfated modification and the triple helix conformation are important factors in theenhancement of the antitumor activities of polysaccharides on the whole.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFC1606701)。
文摘Plant-based fermentations provide an untapped source for novel biotechnological applications.In this study,a probiotic named Lactobacillus fermentum 21828 was introduced to ferment Lentinus edodes.Polysaccharides were extracted from fermented and non-fermented L.edodes and purified via DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100.The components designated F-LEP-2a and NF-LEP-2a were analyzed by FT-IR,HPGPC,HPAEC,SEM,GC-MS and NMR.The results revealed that probiotic fermentation increased the molecular weight from 1.16×10^(4) Da to 1.87×10^(4) Da and altered the proportions of glucose,galactose and mannose,in which glucose increased from 45.94%to 48.16%.Methylation analysis and NMR spectra indicated that F-LEP-2a and NF-LEP-2a had similar linkage patterns.Furthermore,their immunomodulatory activities were evaluated with immunosuppressive mice.NF-LEP and F-LEP improved immune organ indices,immunoglobulin(Ig G and Ig M)and cytokines concentrations;restored the antioxidation capacity of liver;and maintained the balance of gut microbiota.F-LEP displayed better moderating effects on the spleen index,immunoglobulin,cytokines and the diversity of gut microbiota than NF-LEP(200,400 mg/kg).Our study provides an efficient and environment-friendly way for the structural modification of polysaccharides,which helps to enhance their biological activity and promote their wide application in food,medicine and other fields.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 29374170) and the Research Grant Council of Hong Kong Government Earmarked Grant (CUHK 4161/99M).
文摘Critical concentrations of α-(1→3)-D-glucan L-FV-Ⅱ from Lentinus edodes were studied by viscometry andfluorescence probe techniques. The dependence of the reduced viscosity on concentration of the glucan in 0.5 mol/L NaOHaqueous solutions with or without urea showed two turning points corresponding to the dynamic contact concentration c_s andthe overlap concentration c~* of the polymer. The values of c_s and c~* were found to be 1×10^(-3) g cm^(-3) and 1.1×10^(-2) g cm^(-3),respectively, for L-FV-Ⅱ in 0.5 mol/L NaOH aqueous solutions. The two critical concentrations of L-FV-Ⅱ in 0.5 mol/LNaOH aqueous solutions were also found to be 1.2×10^(-3) g cm^(-3) fbr c_s and 9.2×10^(-3) g cm^(-3) for c~* from the concentrationdependence of phenanthrene fluorescence intensities. The overlap concentration c~* of L-FV-Ⅱ in 0.5 mol/L NaOH aqueoussolutions was lower than that of polystyrene with same molecular weight in benzene, owing to the fact that polysaccharidetends to undergo aggregation caused by intermolecular hydrogen bonding. A normal viscosity behavior of L-FV-Ⅱ in 0.5 mol/L urea/0.5 mol/L NaOH aqueous solutions can still be observed in an extremely low concentration range at 25℃.
基金supported by the Shanghai Lithy One-Health Group Technology Co.,Ltd.,Project(114-KH210230A)。
文摘Autoimmune hepatitis(AIH)is a chronic inflammatory liver disease that threatens human health worldwide.The aim of this study was to detect the protective effect of a fermented Lentinus edodes extract containingα-glucan(FLA),in a concanavalin A(Con A)-induced AIH mouse model and to determine the underlying liver-protective mechanism.The results showed that compared with the model group,the level of proinflammatory cytokines in serum of FLA pretreated mice was significantly decreased,and the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration in liver,thymus and spleen was significantly reduced.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemistry,and Western blotting showed that FLA pre-treatment inhibited the Con A-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes by down-regulating the expression of BAX and up-regulating the expression of BCL-2.Further research found that FLA may improve liver injury in mice by activating NRF2 signaling pathway and inhibiting TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway.Thus,FLA may improve liver injury in mice by shifting gut microbial composition to reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines in the serum and prevent the necrosis of hepatocytes.Up-regulation of NRF2 signaling pathway,down-regulation of TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway,and an increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus_johnsonii and Ligilactobacillus_murinus play a protective role in liver.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001811,32302631,31772020)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515011834).
文摘Lentinus edodes(L.edodes)is a popular edible mushroom,which is very easy to rot and deteriorate after harvest.The quality of L.edodes were significantly affected by different packaging materials.Hence,polypropylene(PP)or polyethylene(PE)packaging were employed to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms on the post-harvested quality of L.edodes.Compared with PE packaging,PP packaging could maintain good storage quality and membrane integrity of L.edodes by reducing oxidative damage,which might be related to the significantly decreased relative electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content at the later stage of storage.Also,PP packaging could improve the antioxidant ability and inhibit the production of H_(2)O_(2)by the decreased catalase and increased superoxide dismutase content.Phenylalanine ammonia lyase,phenylalanine ammonia lyase and cinnamaldehyde dehydrogenase,as the key enzymes in the metabolic pathway of phenylpropane,increased at the later storage of PP-packaged L.edodes.It helped the synthesis of phenolic substances and lignin accumulation.These results indicated PP packaging could be an effective material for maintaining the postharvest storage quality of L.edodes,which might be related to the antioxidant system and phenylpropane pathway.
基金supported by the Project on Research and Development of Cistanche Precision Nutrition Products(2025RCR008)the Project of PNTD Innovation Research Institute for Nutrition and Health Based on Homology of Medicine and Food(2025PNTD 001).
文摘Shiitake mushroom(Lentinus edodes)fermentation broth,enriched with bioactive compounds,has considerable potential in mitigating oxidative stress and alcohol-induced organ damage.This study systematically evaluated the antioxidant capacity in vitro and hepatoprotective effects in vivo of a sequential multi-microbial fermentation broth(MMF)utilizing Bacillus subtilis,lactic acid bacteria,and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.In vitro assays demon-strated that MMF possesses potent,concentration-dependent radical scavenging activity,with a notable Oxygen radical absorption capacity half-life of 6.83 h.Furthermore,MMF significantly enhanced the viability of NRK cells(up to 124.91%at 1.25 mg/mL)and offered protection against oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide.In vivo,the administration of MMF to alcohol-treated mice effectively reduced pro-inflammatory cy-tokines(TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β),restored hepatic antioxidant enzymes(GSH,CAT),and normalized malondialdehyde(MDA)levels.Histopathological analysis verified MMF’s protective effects on liver and gastric tissues,mitigating alcohol-induced structural damage.Serum lipid profiles(LDL,LDL-C,TC)were improved,highlighting MMF’s dual role in alleviating oxidative injury and modulating lipid metabolism.These findings highlight the potential of multi-strain fermentation to enhance the bioactivity of shiitake-derived compounds,providing a foundation for the development of functional foods targeting alcohol-related disorders.
基金supported by the Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Project(2022NSFSC0107,2022NZZJ0003,22ZYZFSF0009 and 23ZHSF0082)the Dazhou city-school cooperation project(2021-S05)the open project of Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Drugs(210023-01SZ).
文摘Mushroom polysaccharides are natural macromolecules that could regulate biological life activities.Two new polysaccharides(TS-P and LE-P)were extracted from Trametes sanguinea and wild Lentinus edodes.The results of the structural appraisal showed that both TS-P and LE-P had glucose and galactose as their main monosaccharide components.The main chain of TS-P consisted of(1→4)-α-D-Glcp and(1→4,6)-β-D-Glcp,with(4→6)-β-D-Manp and→1)-α-D-Galp as branched chains;and the main chain of LE-P consists of(1→4)-α-D-Galp,(1→6)-α-D-Galp,(1→4)-β-D-Glcp,and(1→4,6)-β-D-Glcp,with the(1→4)-β-D-Arap and→1)-α-D-Galp as branched chains.The in vitro activity of immunoreactivity results showed that the proliferative effect of TS-P and LE-P on macrophages was concentration-dependent over a range of concentrations,and both showed the best proliferation effect of 143.50%and 38.09%,respectively,at a concentration of 20μg/mL.The anti-tumor results showed that the best inhibition of gastric cancer cells was achieved when the concentration of TS-P and LE-P was both 10μg/mL,and the inhibition rates were 76.08%and 42.24%,respectively.The effect of F-actin on the cytoskeleton of MFC cells labeled with fluorescein-FITC showed that both polysaccharides significantly reduced the fluorescent expression of F-actin in MFC cells.TS-P containing higher(1→4)-glycosidic bonds and mannose has stronger immunoreactivity and antitumor activity than LE-P in vitro.These findings provide valuable insights for the development of polysaccharide-based therapeutics.
基金supported by the Key Science and Technology Program of Anhui Province(202423l10050061)Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province.
文摘Extra-added L-cysteine effectively inhibited the browning of Maillard peptides(MPs)derived from Lentinus edodes.Meanwhile,an unsaturated fatty acid(UFA)was introduced to increase the content of 1-octen-3-ol(mushroom alcohol)to enhance the mushroom aroma of the MPs.Among the three UFAs tested,linoleic acid(LA)exhibited the strongest promoting effect on 1-octen-3-ol,resulting in a 1-octen-3-ol content of 74.57±1.48μg/L in MPs.When LA was co-heated with L-cysteine and/or xylose,a synergistic effect was observed between LA and L-cysteine,leading to the highest 1-octen-3-ol content of 211.29±3.62μg/L in LA-L-cysteine-xylose system.The enzymatic hydrolysate of commercial safflower seed oil was further used as an alternative source of LA to fortify the typical mushroom flavor.The incorporation of 25%safflower seed oil hydrolysate was recommended to enhance the 1-octen-3-ol production(133.09±8.74μg/L)in MPs.These findings provide new ideas for enhancing the mushroom aroma,offering potential applications in flavor design and food processing.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31801508)Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Provincial Education Department(No.LJKMZ20220876).
文摘The concept of healthiness and sustainability has promoted the innovation and development of“clean-label”products.Physico-chemical,oxidation and flavor characteristics of carp surimi with different amounts of Lentinus Edodes(LE)(0-10%)as a“clean-label”ingredient were investigated.Specifically,the color changes induced by the LE addition were not visually obvious.The 4%-10%LE addition could enhance the water holding capacity,gel strength,hardness,total reducing power and free radical scavenging rate of the samples.The cooking loss was at good levels with 6%-8%LE and negatively related to gel strength by Pearson correlation analysis.The rheological characteristics,immobilize water distribution,microstructure varied with the LE addition,and 6%addition amount was their important turning point.The total reducing power and free radical scavenging rate were positively correlated with the amounts of LE,and the minimal lipid and protein oxidation was observed at 6%-8%LE.Besides,LE addition enhanced salty and umami tastes and enriched the alcohols,aldehydes and ketones of samples.As a result,the moderate addition of LE could improve the quality of carp surimi and LE had potential to be a“clean-label”ingredient in carp surimi.
文摘为解析同一品种不同产地香菇的精深加工适宜性,以我国两大香菇主产区湖北随州和浙江庆元的主栽香菇品种‘申香1513’为研究对象,分别采用热水浸提法(hot water extraction)、超声波辅助热水提取法(ultrasonicassisted hot water extraction)和微波辅助热水提取法(microwave-assisted hot water extraction)三种工艺制备不同水提物(湖北随州:HH、HU和HM;浙江庆元:ZH、ZU和ZM),并利用高效液相色谱法、紫外光谱法和傅里叶红外光谱法等方法,重点比较了其理化性质和结构特征差异。结果显示,6种水提物的多糖含量在37.44%~53.17%,蛋白含量在14.70%~27.03%,HH和ZH的多糖及蛋白含量均高于其余两种提取方法,浙江水提物的蛋白含量均大于湖北水提物,HU和ZM具有相对更高的灰分含量;红外光谱显示6种水提物中存在O-H、CH等多糖特征峰以及N-H等蛋白特征峰;氨基酸分析显示6种水提物的氨基酸种类齐全,且谷氨酸含量最高,其中,ZM的总氨基酸含量最高,HH的总氨基酸含量最低,HU的各氨基酸含量高于HH、HM,ZM的氨基酸含量高于ZH、ZU;分子量分析显示湖北香菇水提物分子量呈现三峰分布,浙江香菇水提物分子量为双峰分布;单糖组成分析表明6种香菇水提物均由甘露糖、盐酸氨基葡萄糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖组成,其中,葡萄糖含量最高,均在90%以上,超声和微波处理均能提高其单糖含量。综上,同一品种不同产地香菇在不同提取工艺下所得水提物理化性质和结构差异显著,若想提取水提物中的有效活性物质,则热水提取法为两地香菇的最佳提取方法,若要得到较高氨基酸含量的水提物,则湖北香菇采用超声辅助热水提取法,浙江香菇采用微波辅助热水提取法,该研究可为不同香菇的精深加工适宜性解析提供模型支撑,亦可为以同一品种、不同产地的香菇水提物作为食品基料,开展新型未来健康食品的精准开发,提供理论依据。
