In Indonesia, shallot cultivation finds difficulties to produce high viability seed. That low viability is caused by the abnormality of seed＇s structure. Normal shallot seeds have seed structure that consists of： te...In Indonesia, shallot cultivation finds difficulties to produce high viability seed. That low viability is caused by the abnormality of seed＇s structure. Normal shallot seeds have seed structure that consists of： testa, endosperm, and embryo. Normal embryo has curved shape which it has one cotyledon in endosperm. This research purpose is to find shallot viability and structure that is cultivated in tropic area, especially in Indonesia. This research is a deep observation research about water level, seeds viability and seeds structure monitoring by using microscope. To make a clearance about seeds structure composition, seeds are mixed with tetrazolium salt. Monitoring result shows that seed water level at harvest time is 18%, laid away at one month age is 13%, two months age is 12% and three months age is 10%. Seed viability at harvest until twenty nine days, seed that is germinated around 8%. At two months viability seed laid age until twenty two days is 36.6%. Meanwhile three months age laid viability test is done with germination boost compounding shows that IAA is able to fasten germination. At IAA treatment viability seeds are 17.25% that is followed with GA3 treatment around 13%. Another boosting substance that it＇s viability is only below 4%. Low viability is also proved by the seed structure. The result shows that mostly, the seeds has abnormal structure.展开更多
There was an obvious relationship between seed testa structure, storage material and resistance to A. flavus of peanut. Results showed that seed testa of peanut germplasm with high resistance （HR） to A. flavus infec...There was an obvious relationship between seed testa structure, storage material and resistance to A. flavus of peanut. Results showed that seed testa of peanut germplasm with high resistance （HR） to A. flavus infection had thicker wax layer, integrated and tight epidermis layer, regular vascular tissue range. However, the seed testa of peanut germplasm with high sensitivity （HS） to A. flavus had the reverse results, and results of those with medium resistance （MR） to A. flavus lay in between, but changes of testa thickness were not significant among different resistance kinds. Results also showed that some seed storage materials were closely related with resistance potential to A. flavus. It seemed that varieties with higher resistance to A. flavus had higher oleic acid and protein content, lower linoleic acid and fat content. Content of palm acid, total sugar and VE did not show positive relationship with the resistance to A. flavus.展开更多
Direct seeding of rice is a green planting technique because it reduces irrigation water and lowers agricultural production costs.A vacuum seed meter with a double hole for rice was developed to improve the planting a...Direct seeding of rice is a green planting technique because it reduces irrigation water and lowers agricultural production costs.A vacuum seed meter with a double hole for rice was developed to improve the planting accuracy of direct seeding and to meet the tiny seeding rate.The key components of the vacuum seed meter were theoretically analyzed and designed.The optimal parameters of the seed disturbance structure were determined by the Box-Behnken test using the quality of feed index(each group of holes is 1 to 2),miss index,and multiple index as test indices.The results of the Box-Behnken test showed that the optimal parameters were a height of the seed disturbance structure of 1.65 mm,a diameter of the upper arc of 98.87 mm,and a central angle of the upper arc of 11.4°.Based on the optimal seed disturbance structure,the effect of the shaped hole structure parameters on the planting accuracy was investigated,and the optimal hole width and depth were determined to be 4 mm and 2 mm.CFD-DEM numerical simulations showed that the pressure gradient force on the seeds was greater than the drag force,and the pressure gradient force and drag force were positively correlated with the width of the shaped hole.When the rotational speed was 60 r/min and the vacuum pressure was 2.0 kPa,2.4 kPa,and 2.8 kPa,the miss index of the vacuum seed meter with Wuyou 1179 as the test material was 3.52%,2.5%,and 2.22%;the quality of feed index was 92.41%,92.13%,and 87.13%;and the multiple index was 4.07%,5.37%,and 10.65%.For Huanghuazhan and Taixiang 812 rice seeds,the planting accuracy of the vacuum seed meter with the double hole can meet the requirements for direct seeding of rice.This study provides a theoretical basis and design reference for rice precision planting technology.展开更多
文摘In Indonesia, shallot cultivation finds difficulties to produce high viability seed. That low viability is caused by the abnormality of seed＇s structure. Normal shallot seeds have seed structure that consists of： testa, endosperm, and embryo. Normal embryo has curved shape which it has one cotyledon in endosperm. This research purpose is to find shallot viability and structure that is cultivated in tropic area, especially in Indonesia. This research is a deep observation research about water level, seeds viability and seeds structure monitoring by using microscope. To make a clearance about seeds structure composition, seeds are mixed with tetrazolium salt. Monitoring result shows that seed water level at harvest time is 18%, laid away at one month age is 13%, two months age is 12% and three months age is 10%. Seed viability at harvest until twenty nine days, seed that is germinated around 8%. At two months viability seed laid age until twenty two days is 36.6%. Meanwhile three months age laid viability test is done with germination boost compounding shows that IAA is able to fasten germination. At IAA treatment viability seeds are 17.25% that is followed with GA3 treatment around 13%. Another boosting substance that it＇s viability is only below 4%. Low viability is also proved by the seed structure. The result shows that mostly, the seeds has abnormal structure.
文摘There was an obvious relationship between seed testa structure, storage material and resistance to A. flavus of peanut. Results showed that seed testa of peanut germplasm with high resistance （HR） to A. flavus infection had thicker wax layer, integrated and tight epidermis layer, regular vascular tissue range. However, the seed testa of peanut germplasm with high sensitivity （HS） to A. flavus had the reverse results, and results of those with medium resistance （MR） to A. flavus lay in between, but changes of testa thickness were not significant among different resistance kinds. Results also showed that some seed storage materials were closely related with resistance potential to A. flavus. It seemed that varieties with higher resistance to A. flavus had higher oleic acid and protein content, lower linoleic acid and fat content. Content of palm acid, total sugar and VE did not show positive relationship with the resistance to A. flavus.
基金supported by the Guangdong Province Key Field Research and Development Program(Grant No.2023B0202130001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52175228)+2 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2020A1515110225)China Agriculture Research System for rice(CARS-01)the Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project(Grant No.NT2021009).
文摘Direct seeding of rice is a green planting technique because it reduces irrigation water and lowers agricultural production costs.A vacuum seed meter with a double hole for rice was developed to improve the planting accuracy of direct seeding and to meet the tiny seeding rate.The key components of the vacuum seed meter were theoretically analyzed and designed.The optimal parameters of the seed disturbance structure were determined by the Box-Behnken test using the quality of feed index(each group of holes is 1 to 2),miss index,and multiple index as test indices.The results of the Box-Behnken test showed that the optimal parameters were a height of the seed disturbance structure of 1.65 mm,a diameter of the upper arc of 98.87 mm,and a central angle of the upper arc of 11.4°.Based on the optimal seed disturbance structure,the effect of the shaped hole structure parameters on the planting accuracy was investigated,and the optimal hole width and depth were determined to be 4 mm and 2 mm.CFD-DEM numerical simulations showed that the pressure gradient force on the seeds was greater than the drag force,and the pressure gradient force and drag force were positively correlated with the width of the shaped hole.When the rotational speed was 60 r/min and the vacuum pressure was 2.0 kPa,2.4 kPa,and 2.8 kPa,the miss index of the vacuum seed meter with Wuyou 1179 as the test material was 3.52%,2.5%,and 2.22%;the quality of feed index was 92.41%,92.13%,and 87.13%;and the multiple index was 4.07%,5.37%,and 10.65%.For Huanghuazhan and Taixiang 812 rice seeds,the planting accuracy of the vacuum seed meter with the double hole can meet the requirements for direct seeding of rice.This study provides a theoretical basis and design reference for rice precision planting technology.
