At present, there are some concerns and problems to treat neurointensive care patients by using analgesics and sedatives. Conditions of neurointensive care patients change quickly. For neurointensive care patients who...At present, there are some concerns and problems to treat neurointensive care patients by using analgesics and sedatives. Conditions of neurointensive care patients change quickly. For neurointensive care patients who cannot have auxiliary examination timely, clinicians judge intracranial conditions mainly through relevant monitoring devices and consciousness and pupil changes of patients. The use of analgesics and sedatives is limited due to worry about influences on consciousness evaluation and judgment and different degrees of inhibition on cardiovascular system and respiratory system. Common sedatives (e.g. benzodiazepines) and common analgesics (e.g. morphine, fentanyl and sufentanil) both may inhibit respiration. The specification often provides taboos for the use of drugs by patients with increase intracranial pressure (ICP) and craniocerebral injuries. Through literature review, the author analyzed influences of analgesics and sedatives on ICP of neurointensive care patients comprehensively.展开更多
Aim. To statistic the usage of hypnotics and sedatives in outpatient and emergency clinics prescriptions in one day. Method. Check all prescriptions on April 29, 1987 and November 13, 1995 in order to know the quantit...Aim. To statistic the usage of hypnotics and sedatives in outpatient and emergency clinics prescriptions in one day. Method. Check all prescriptions on April 29, 1987 and November 13, 1995 in order to know the quantity, kind and distribution of hypnotics and sedatives in different outpatient departments. Result. There were 1 319 prescriptions on April 29, 1987. Among them, hypnotics and sedatives were 122(9. 24%); in comparing with 2 065 prescriptions on November 13, 1995, hypnotics and sedatives were 141 (6. 82%). Benzodiazepine used more than 80% in all prescriptions. Conclusion. The possibility of long-term low-dosage using benzodiazepine is present. It must strengthen the control and education to avoid the drug-abuse.展开更多
BACKGROUND Although critically ill pediatric patients can benefit from the use of sedation,it can cause side effects and even iatrogenic complications.Since pediatric patients cannot adequately express the intensity o...BACKGROUND Although critically ill pediatric patients can benefit from the use of sedation,it can cause side effects and even iatrogenic complications.Since pediatric patients cannot adequately express the intensity or location of the pain,discriminating the cause of their irritability and agitation can be more complicated than in adults.Thus,sedation therapy for children requires more careful attention.AIM To evaluate the association of the internal parental care protocol and the reduction in pediatric intensive care unit(PICU)postoperatively.METHODS This retrospective cohort study was carried out in the PICU of the tertiary medical center in Kazakhstan.The internal parental care protocol was developed and implemented by critical care team.During the pandemic,restrictions were also placed on parental presence in the PICU.We compare two groups:During restriction and after return to normal.The level of agitation was evaluated using the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine associations of parental care with sedation therapy.RESULTS A total of 289 patients were included in the study.Of them,167 patients were hospitalized during and 122 after the restrictions of parental care.In multivariate analysis,parental care was associated with lower odds of prescribing diazepam(odds ratio=0.11,95%confidence interval:0.05-0.25),controlling for age,sex,cerebral palsy,and type of surgery.CONCLUSION The results of this study show that parental care was associated only with decreased odds of prescribing sedative drugs,while no differences were observed for analgesics.展开更多
在计算大规模介质-金属复合周期结构的电磁散射时,传统积分方程方法存在未知量大、存储占用多和计算时间长等问题。本文采用广义PMCHWT(Poggio-Miller-Chang-Harrington-Wu-Tsai)-电场积分方程(electric field integral equation,EFIE)...在计算大规模介质-金属复合周期结构的电磁散射时,传统积分方程方法存在未知量大、存储占用多和计算时间长等问题。本文采用广义PMCHWT(Poggio-Miller-Chang-Harrington-Wu-Tsai)-电场积分方程(electric field integral equation,EFIE)方法计算均匀介质-金属复合结构的电磁响应。该方法通过在分界面处设置区域连接模型(contact-region modeling,CRM)来保证边界处的连续性。为加速子阵列阻抗矩阵填充,采用快速偶极子方法(fast dipole method,FDM)来提高计算效率并降低内存占用。结合子全域(sub-entire-domain,SED)基函数方法,子阵列的电流分布特征可被推广到大规模介质-金属复合周期结构的电磁场计算中。数值算例表明,本文方法能够在保证计算精度的同时大幅度降低计算代价,内存占用降低至商业软件Altair FEKO(使用多层快速多极子方法)的1/10,计算误差在2.6 dB以内。展开更多
文摘At present, there are some concerns and problems to treat neurointensive care patients by using analgesics and sedatives. Conditions of neurointensive care patients change quickly. For neurointensive care patients who cannot have auxiliary examination timely, clinicians judge intracranial conditions mainly through relevant monitoring devices and consciousness and pupil changes of patients. The use of analgesics and sedatives is limited due to worry about influences on consciousness evaluation and judgment and different degrees of inhibition on cardiovascular system and respiratory system. Common sedatives (e.g. benzodiazepines) and common analgesics (e.g. morphine, fentanyl and sufentanil) both may inhibit respiration. The specification often provides taboos for the use of drugs by patients with increase intracranial pressure (ICP) and craniocerebral injuries. Through literature review, the author analyzed influences of analgesics and sedatives on ICP of neurointensive care patients comprehensively.
文摘Aim. To statistic the usage of hypnotics and sedatives in outpatient and emergency clinics prescriptions in one day. Method. Check all prescriptions on April 29, 1987 and November 13, 1995 in order to know the quantity, kind and distribution of hypnotics and sedatives in different outpatient departments. Result. There were 1 319 prescriptions on April 29, 1987. Among them, hypnotics and sedatives were 122(9. 24%); in comparing with 2 065 prescriptions on November 13, 1995, hypnotics and sedatives were 141 (6. 82%). Benzodiazepine used more than 80% in all prescriptions. Conclusion. The possibility of long-term low-dosage using benzodiazepine is present. It must strengthen the control and education to avoid the drug-abuse.
文摘BACKGROUND Although critically ill pediatric patients can benefit from the use of sedation,it can cause side effects and even iatrogenic complications.Since pediatric patients cannot adequately express the intensity or location of the pain,discriminating the cause of their irritability and agitation can be more complicated than in adults.Thus,sedation therapy for children requires more careful attention.AIM To evaluate the association of the internal parental care protocol and the reduction in pediatric intensive care unit(PICU)postoperatively.METHODS This retrospective cohort study was carried out in the PICU of the tertiary medical center in Kazakhstan.The internal parental care protocol was developed and implemented by critical care team.During the pandemic,restrictions were also placed on parental presence in the PICU.We compare two groups:During restriction and after return to normal.The level of agitation was evaluated using the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine associations of parental care with sedation therapy.RESULTS A total of 289 patients were included in the study.Of them,167 patients were hospitalized during and 122 after the restrictions of parental care.In multivariate analysis,parental care was associated with lower odds of prescribing diazepam(odds ratio=0.11,95%confidence interval:0.05-0.25),controlling for age,sex,cerebral palsy,and type of surgery.CONCLUSION The results of this study show that parental care was associated only with decreased odds of prescribing sedative drugs,while no differences were observed for analgesics.
文摘在计算大规模介质-金属复合周期结构的电磁散射时,传统积分方程方法存在未知量大、存储占用多和计算时间长等问题。本文采用广义PMCHWT(Poggio-Miller-Chang-Harrington-Wu-Tsai)-电场积分方程(electric field integral equation,EFIE)方法计算均匀介质-金属复合结构的电磁响应。该方法通过在分界面处设置区域连接模型(contact-region modeling,CRM)来保证边界处的连续性。为加速子阵列阻抗矩阵填充,采用快速偶极子方法(fast dipole method,FDM)来提高计算效率并降低内存占用。结合子全域(sub-entire-domain,SED)基函数方法,子阵列的电流分布特征可被推广到大规模介质-金属复合周期结构的电磁场计算中。数值算例表明,本文方法能够在保证计算精度的同时大幅度降低计算代价,内存占用降低至商业软件Altair FEKO(使用多层快速多极子方法)的1/10,计算误差在2.6 dB以内。
