One of the major innovations awaiting in electron microscopy is full three-dimensional imaging at atomic resolution.Despite the success of aberration correction to deep sub-angstrom lateral resolution,spatial resoluti...One of the major innovations awaiting in electron microscopy is full three-dimensional imaging at atomic resolution.Despite the success of aberration correction to deep sub-angstrom lateral resolution,spatial resolution in depth is still far from atomic resolution.In scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM),this poor depth resolution is due to the limitation of the illumination angle.To overcome this physical limitation,it is essential to implement a next-generation aberration corrector in STEM that can significantly improve the depth resolution.This review discusses the capability of depth sectioning for three-dimensional imaging combined with large-angle illumination STEM.Furthermore,the statistical analysis approach remarkably improves the depth resolution,making it possible to achieve three-dimensional atomic resolution imaging at oxide surfaces.We will also discuss the future prospects of three-dimensional imaging at atomic resolution by STEM depth sectioning.展开更多
[ Objective ] This study aimed to investigate the optimal method for extracting RNA from roots of medicinal plant herba violae by comparing the effects of liquid nitrogen grinding method and low-temperature sectioning...[ Objective ] This study aimed to investigate the optimal method for extracting RNA from roots of medicinal plant herba violae by comparing the effects of liquid nitrogen grinding method and low-temperature sectioning method on RNA extraction. [ Method] Roots of herba violae were respectively crushed by using liquid nitrogen grinding method and low-temperature sectioning method to extract RNA. The extraction effects of these two methods were compared based on detec- tion of RNA concentration, purity and integrity and amplification of GAPDH gene by RT-PCR. [Result] The concentration of RNA extracted by liquid nitrogen grinding method and low-temperature sectioning method was 1.21 and 3.57 p^g/~, respectively. Both RNA extracted by these two methods showed two distinct bands after agarose gel electrophoresis. The ratio of brightness of the 28S rRNA to the 18S rRNA bands was greater than 1. PCR amplification showed that the length of GAPDH gene was about 230 bp, which was consistent with the expected result. [ Conclusion ] The experimental results indicated that using low-tempera ture sectioning method to crush the roots of herba violae can meet the needs of most molecular biological experiments including gene cloning and expression analysis, which is an effective and simple method for extracting RNA from plant roots.展开更多
3D shape searching is a problem of current interest in several different fields. Most techniques are developed for a particular domain and used to reduce a shape into a simpler shape representation. The techniques dev...3D shape searching is a problem of current interest in several different fields. Most techniques are developed for a particular domain and used to reduce a shape into a simpler shape representation. The techniques developed for a particular domain will also find application in other domains. We propose a new shape matching method. The SSRD (spherical sectioning railroad diagram) algorithm has the general shape distribution’s properties and overall features of the original model. The SSRD’s useful properties are discussed. We show the experimental results for the validity of our method.展开更多
Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin is widely used as an adhesive for the manufacture of a range of wood and fiber based products. Although the microstructure of this resin has been examined at high resolution by field-emiss...Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin is widely used as an adhesive for the manufacture of a range of wood and fiber based products. Although the microstructure of this resin has been examined at high resolution by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has thus far not been used, perhaps because of difficulties in ultrathin sectioning this resin in cured (polymerized) state. In the technical note presented here, a novel sample preparation method is described which enabled us to examine the microstructural morphology of UF resin by transmission electron microscopy in ultrathin sections, revealing the presence of spherical particles within the resin. Our initial attempt to ultrathin section the resin directly was not successful as it was too brittle to trim blocks for sectioning. Then, we developed a sample preparation technique that involved impregnation ofPinus radiatawood tissues with the UF resin, and then embedding of resin impregnated wood tissues with Spurr’s low viscosity embedding medium, which has been widely employed in plant and wood ultrastructure work. The TEM images illustrated and the information on the microstructural morphology of the UF resin presented are based on this novel sample preparation approach.展开更多
Objectives: To investigate foot transverse arch biomechanical stability contributed by the second metatarsal and the three ligaments connecting medial cuneiform to the second metatarsal base.Methods: Six fresh-frozen ...Objectives: To investigate foot transverse arch biomechanical stability contributed by the second metatarsal and the three ligaments connecting medial cuneiform to the second metatarsal base.Methods: Six fresh-frozen cadaveric lower extremities were dissected to expose the展开更多
The originally published version of this paper regrettably contained some typos.First,“structure illumination microscopy”should have been written as“structured illumination microscopy”throughout the text,including...The originally published version of this paper regrettably contained some typos.First,“structure illumination microscopy”should have been written as“structured illumination microscopy”throughout the text,including in the article title,graphical abstract,the summary,and the main text.Second,in Figure 1A,“iFFT”should be written as“FFT.”Third,in Video S2,the labels“FO”and“Open”were placed incorrectly;FO is the high-quality reconstruction result,while Open contains reconstruction artifact.展开更多
Three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy(3DSIM)is a popular method for observing subcellular/cellular structures or animal/plant tissues with gentle phototoxicity and 3D super-resolution.However,its time-c...Three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy(3DSIM)is a popular method for observing subcellular/cellular structures or animal/plant tissues with gentle phototoxicity and 3D super-resolution.However,its time-consuming reconstruction process poses challenges for high-throughput imaging and real-time observation.Moreover,traditional 3DSIM typically requires more than six z layers for successful reconstruction and is susceptible to defocused backgrounds.This poses a great gap between single-layer 2DSIM and 6-layer 3DSIM,and limits the observation of thicker samples.To address these limitations,we developed FO-3DSIM,a novel method that integrates spatial-domain reconstruction with optical-sectioning SIM.FO-3DSIM enhances reconstruction speed by up to 855.7 times with superior performance with limited z layers and under high defocused backgrounds.It retains the high-fidelity,low-photon reconstruction capabilities of our previously proposed Open-3DSIM.Utilizing fast reconstruction and optical sectioning,we achieved large field-of-view(FOV)3D super-resolution imaging of mouse kidney actin,covering a region of 0.453 mm×0.453 mm×2.75μm within 23 min of acquisition and 13 min of reconstruction.Near real-time performance was demonstrated in live actin imaging with FO-3DSIM.Our approach reduces photodamage through limited z layer reconstruction,allowing the observation of ER tubes with just three layers.We anticipate that FO-3DSIM will pave the way for near real-time,large FOV 6D imaging,encompassing xyz super-resolution,multi-color,long-term,and polarization imaging with less photodamage,removed defocused backgrounds,and reduced reconstruction time.展开更多
Two-photon fluorescence (TPF) ellipsoid formed by a focused femtosecond laser into luminescent media serves as a fundamental pixel for TPF spatiotemporal imaging. Visualizing spatiotemporal evolution of the TPF ellips...Two-photon fluorescence (TPF) ellipsoid formed by a focused femtosecond laser into luminescent media serves as a fundamental pixel for TPF spatiotemporal imaging. Visualizing spatiotemporal evolution of the TPF ellipsoid itself in a selected luminescent medium is important for correctly reconstructing and interpreting spatiotemporal information of imaged targets. Here, we report a new spatiotemporal sectioning technique with a luminescent CsPbBr_(3) nanosheet and visualize the spatiotemporal evolution of TPF ellipsoid along the axial direction. Time-resolved axial lengths of TPF ellipsoids turn out to broaden nonlinearly with a turning point at about 600 ps. By comparison experiments, observed phenomena are attributed to photocarrier trapping and TPF photon recycling processes within CsPbBr_(3) nanosheets. The spatiotemporal sectioning technique is expected to be widely applicable, which will ignite a plethora of investigations and applications utilizing TPF ellipsoid.展开更多
We present a new optical microscope in which the light transmitted by a sample-scanned transmission confocal microscope is frequency-tripled by SiOx nanocrystallites in lieu of being transmitted by a confocal pinhole....We present a new optical microscope in which the light transmitted by a sample-scanned transmission confocal microscope is frequency-tripled by SiOx nanocrystallites in lieu of being transmitted by a confocal pinhole. This imaging technique offers an increased contrast and a high scattered light rejection. It is demonstrated that the contrast close to the Sparrow resolution limit is enhanced and the sectioning power are increased with respect to the linear confocal detection mode. An experimental implementation is presented and compared with the conventional linear confocal mode.展开更多
There is an urgent need for the application of broadband Microwave Absorption(MA)structures on the leading edges of aircraft wings,which requires the MA structures to possess both the broadband MA performance and grea...There is an urgent need for the application of broadband Microwave Absorption(MA)structures on the leading edges of aircraft wings,which requires the MA structures to possess both the broadband MA performance and great surface conformability.To meet these requirements,we designed and fabricated a flexible bioinspired meta-structure with ultra-broadband MA,thin thickness and excellent surface conformality.The carbonyl iron powder-carbon nanotubes-polydimethylsiloxane composite was synthesized by physical blending method for fabricating the MA meta-structure.Through geometry-electromagnetic optimal design by heuristic optimization algorithm,the meta-structure mimicking to the nipple photonic nanostructures on the eyes of moth can achieve ultra-broadband MA performance of 35.14 GHz MA bandwidth(reflection loss≤–10 dB),covering 4.86–40.00 GHz,with thickness of only 4.3 mm.Through simple fabrication processes,the meta-structure has been successfully fabricated and bonded on wings’leading edges,exhibiting excellent surface conformability.Furthermore,the designed flexible MA meta-structure possesses significant Radar Cross-Section(RCS)reduction capability,as demonstrated by the RCS analysis of an unmanned aerial vehicle.This flexible ultra-broadband MA meta-structure provides an outstanding candidate to meet the radar stealth requirement of variable curvature structures on aircraft.展开更多
High-entropy design is attracting growing interest as it offers unique structures and unprecedented application potential for ma-terials.In this article,a novel high-entropy ferrite(CoNi)_(x/2)(CuZnAl)_((1-x)/3)Fe_(2)...High-entropy design is attracting growing interest as it offers unique structures and unprecedented application potential for ma-terials.In this article,a novel high-entropy ferrite(CoNi)_(x/2)(CuZnAl)_((1-x)/3)Fe_(2)O_(4)(x=0.25,0.34,0.40,0.50)with a single spinel phase of space group Fd3m was successfully developed by the solid-state reaction method.By tuning the Co-Ni content,the magnetic properties of the material,especially the coercivity,changed regularly,and the microwave absorption properties were improved.In particular,the ef-fective absorption bandwidth of the material increased from 4.8 to 7.2 GHz,and the matched thickness decreased from 3.9 to 2.3 mm,while the minimum reflection loss remained below-20 dB.This study provides a practical method for modifying the properties of fer-rites used to absorb electromagnetic waves.展开更多
The neutron capture resonance parameters for 159Tb are crucial for validating nuclear models,nucleosynthesis during the neutron capture process,and nuclear technology applications.In this study,resonance analyses were...The neutron capture resonance parameters for 159Tb are crucial for validating nuclear models,nucleosynthesis during the neutron capture process,and nuclear technology applications.In this study,resonance analyses were performed for the neutron capture cross sections of 159Tb measured at the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)backscattering white neutron beamline(Back-n)facility.The resonance parameters were extracted from the R-Matrix code SAMMY and fitted to the experimental capture yield up to the 1.2 keV resolved resonance region(RRR).The average resonance parameters were determined by performing statistical analysis on the set of the resonance parameters in the RRR.These results were used to fit the measured average capture cross sections using the FITACS code in the unresolved resonance region from 2 keV to 1 MeV.The contributions of partial waves l=0,1,2 to the average capture cross sections are reported.展开更多
The integration of image analysis through deep learning(DL)into rock classification represents a significant leap forward in geological research.While traditional methods remain invaluable for their expertise and hist...The integration of image analysis through deep learning(DL)into rock classification represents a significant leap forward in geological research.While traditional methods remain invaluable for their expertise and historical context,DL offers a powerful complement by enhancing the speed,objectivity,and precision of the classification process.This research explores the significance of image data augmentation techniques in optimizing the performance of convolutional neural networks(CNNs)for geological image analysis,particularly in the classification of igneous,metamorphic,and sedimentary rock types from rock thin section(RTS)images.This study primarily focuses on classic image augmentation techniques and evaluates their impact on model accuracy and precision.Results demonstrate that augmentation techniques like Equalize significantly enhance the model's classification capabilities,achieving an F1-Score of 0.9869 for igneous rocks,0.9884 for metamorphic rocks,and 0.9929 for sedimentary rocks,representing improvements compared to the baseline original results.Moreover,the weighted average F1-Score across all classes and techniques is 0.9886,indicating an enhancement.Conversely,methods like Distort lead to decreased accuracy and F1-Score,with an F1-Score of 0.949 for igneous rocks,0.954 for metamorphic rocks,and 0.9416 for sedimentary rocks,exacerbating the performance compared to the baseline.The study underscores the practicality of image data augmentation in geological image classification and advocates for the adoption of DL methods in this domain for automation and improved results.The findings of this study can benefit various fields,including remote sensing,mineral exploration,and environmental monitoring,by enhancing the accuracy of geological image analysis both for scientific research and industrial applications.展开更多
In this editorial,we comment on a recent article by Chen et al,that addressed the effect of intraoperative injection of esketamine on postoperative analgesia and postoperative rehabilitation after cesarean section.Poo...In this editorial,we comment on a recent article by Chen et al,that addressed the effect of intraoperative injection of esketamine on postoperative analgesia and postoperative rehabilitation after cesarean section.Poor management of postcesarean pain is associated with decreased maternal care for the baby,longer hospitalization,and higher risk of developing postpartum depression.Esketamine is a more potent S-enantiomer of ketamine which has shown promising analgesic and antidepressant properties for managing post-cesarean pain and depression in clinical studies.However,due to its potential adverse effects on the neurological and hemodynamic status of patients,it is recommended that its usage in low doses should be limited to cesarean candidates experiencing unbearable pain.Before any recommendation for routine perioperative use of esketamine,more standardized clinical trials are needed to strengthen our existing knowledge of its effectiveness in reducing postpartum pain and depression.展开更多
To study the rolling motion of a ship in the presence of water on its deck,a linear-plus-quadratic damping term was incorporated into its equation of motion.Ship model tests indicates that the key dynamics of the phys...To study the rolling motion of a ship in the presence of water on its deck,a linear-plus-quadratic damping term was incorporated into its equation of motion.Ship model tests indicates that the key dynamics of the physical system are preserved in the ship rolling equation with the linear-plus-quadratic type damping term.To take into account the presence of randomness in the excitation and the response,a new method was developed and a Melnikov criterion was obtained to provide an upper bound on the domain of the potential chaotic rolling motion(erratic rocking).Additionally,the Melnikov criterion proposed in this study was verified by the utilization of phase plane diagrams and Poincare maps.Furthermore,this research has made the initial endeavor to systematically modify the system parameters in the rolling equation of motion for ship stability analysis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intrathecal bupivacaine is the traditional anesthetic drug used in spinal anesthesia for caesarean sections(CSs),but ropivacaine has emerged as a potential alter-native.This meta-analysis compares the effic...BACKGROUND Intrathecal bupivacaine is the traditional anesthetic drug used in spinal anesthesia for caesarean sections(CSs),but ropivacaine has emerged as a potential alter-native.This meta-analysis compares the efficacy and safety of intrathecal hyper-baric bupivacaine vs hyperbaric ropivacaine for cesarean sections.AIM To systematically evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine and hyperbaric ropivacaine for spinal anesthesia in CSs.METHODS A thorough search of electronic databases was carried out to find pertinent randomized controlled trials(RCTs)comparing intrathecal hyperbaric ropi-vacaine and hyperbaric bupivacaine during CSs.PubMed,Cochrane database,Google Scholar,and Scopus were searched,and papers from January 2000 to January 2024 were deemed eligible and filtered using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Studies were assessed for methodological quality,and data were extracted for time to adequate anesthesia(sensory and motor blockade),duration of sensory and motor block,hemodynamic changes and side effect profile.The standardized mean difference with 95%CI was used for continuous data.Dichotomous variables were assessed using the Mantel-Haenszel test and the random effect model to compute the odds ratio.RESULTS Total 8 RCTs were selected from a pool of 119 search results for meta-analysis.The meta-analysis evaluated pooled effect sizes and assessed heterogeneity among the studies.The primary objective was to compare key outcomes to identify any significant variances in efficacy and safety profiles between two local anesthetics.The analysis revealed that the difference in the onset of sensory blockade between the two local anesthetics was statistically insignificant(P=0.1586).However,the onset of motor blockade appeared to be faster with bupivacaine(P=0.03589).Additionally,the regression of sensory and motor blockade occurred earlier in the ropivacaine group.Furthermore,the duration of the first analgesic effect was shorter with a significance level of P<0.05.Regarding side effects profile,including hypotension,nausea,and shivering,the study did not observe any significant differences between the two groups.CONCLUSION This meta-analysis offers insights into the effectiveness and safety of hyperbaric bupivacaine vs ropivacaine for cesarean sections.Hyperbaric ropivacaine had a comparable safety profile and faster regression of sensory and motor blockade than hyperbaric bupivacaine,perhaps aiding early mobilization of parturient and facilitating mother-child bonding.Choosing ropivacaine may offer benefits beyond efficacy for cesarean section patients and short surgical procedures.展开更多
The El Pintado 1 Silurian section in Seville Province,Spain,described by Loydell et al.(2015),has been ratified by the IUGS as the replacement GSSP for the base of the Telychian Stage,to replace the Cefn Cerig quarry ...The El Pintado 1 Silurian section in Seville Province,Spain,described by Loydell et al.(2015),has been ratified by the IUGS as the replacement GSSP for the base of the Telychian Stage,to replace the Cefn Cerig quarry section in the Llandovery area of Wales,which was found to be within a sedimentary mélange and therefore not a continuous section.No section other than El Pintado 1 has been found to be continuously fossiliferous across the Aeronian/Telychian boundary.展开更多
简单的善举不仅温暖了他人,也让施助者感受到内心的充盈与喜悦,既彰显出爱的力量,更传递出分享的真谛。1 I have no idea why some stores make shelves so high that only a professional basketball player can reach them,but they d...简单的善举不仅温暖了他人,也让施助者感受到内心的充盈与喜悦,既彰显出爱的力量,更传递出分享的真谛。1 I have no idea why some stores make shelves so high that only a professional basketball player can reach them,but they do.I experienced one of them just the other day.I had just picked up some toothpaste and deodorant and was heading to the dog food section when I took a short cut through the toy section.展开更多
The identification and characterization of rock types is a core activity in geology and related fields,including mining,petroleum,environmental science,industry,and construction.Traditionally,this task is performed by...The identification and characterization of rock types is a core activity in geology and related fields,including mining,petroleum,environmental science,industry,and construction.Traditionally,this task is performed by human specialists who analyze and describe the type,composition,texture,shape,and other properties of rock samples,whether collected in-situ or prepared in a laboratory.However,the process is subjective,dependent on the specialist’s experience,and time-consuming.This study proposes an artificial intelligence-based approach that combines computer vision and natural language processing to generate both textual and verbal descriptions from images of rock thin sections.A dataset of images and corresponding textual descriptions is used to train a hybrid deep learning model.Features extracted from the images using EfficientNetB7 are processed by a Transformer network to generate textual descriptions,which are then converted into verbal responses using a speech synthesis service.The experimental results show an accuracy of 0.892 and a BLEU score of 0.71.This model offers potential utility for research,professional,and academic applications and has been deployed as a web application for public use.展开更多
Objective:The objective of this study is to determine the effect of nurse-led instructional video(NLIV)on anxiety,satisfaction,and recovery among mothers admitted for cesarean section(CS).Materials and Methods:A quasi...Objective:The objective of this study is to determine the effect of nurse-led instructional video(NLIV)on anxiety,satisfaction,and recovery among mothers admitted for cesarean section(CS).Materials and Methods:A quasi-experimental design was carried out on the mothers scheduled for CS.Eighty participants were selected by a purposive sampling technique,which were divided(40 participants in each group)into an experimental group and a control group.Nurse-led informational video(NLIV)was shown to the experimental group,and routine care was provided for the control group.Modified hospital anxiety scale(HADS),scale for measuring maternal satisfaction in cesarean birth,and obstetric quality of recovery following cesarean delivery were used to assess anxiety,satisfaction,and recovery.Results:Both the experimental and control groups showed significant reductions in anxiety by the first postintervention day(P<0.001),with the experimental group experiencing a greater mean reduction(mean difference[MD]=4.37)than the control group(MD=3.35)but the intergroup difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The experimental group reported significantly higher satisfaction scores(175.55±9.42)on the 3rd postoperative day compared to the control group(151.93±14.89;P<0.001).Similarly,the experimental group’s recovery scores(79.90±6.24)were considerably higher than those of the control group(62.45±15.18;P<0.001).On the 3rd postintervention day,satisfaction was significantly associated with age(P<0.001),and recovery with gravidity(P<0.05).Conclusions:NLIV can be used in the preoperative period to reduce anxiety related to CS and to improve satisfaction and recovery after the CS.展开更多
基金Project supported by JST-PRESTO (Grant No.JPMJPR1871)JST-FOREST (Grant No.JPMJFR2033)+2 种基金JST-ERATO (Grant No.JPMJER2202)KAKENHI JSPS (Grant Nos.JP19H05788,JP21H01614,and JP24H00373)“Next Generation Electron Microscopy”social cooperation program at the University of Tokyo。
文摘One of the major innovations awaiting in electron microscopy is full three-dimensional imaging at atomic resolution.Despite the success of aberration correction to deep sub-angstrom lateral resolution,spatial resolution in depth is still far from atomic resolution.In scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM),this poor depth resolution is due to the limitation of the illumination angle.To overcome this physical limitation,it is essential to implement a next-generation aberration corrector in STEM that can significantly improve the depth resolution.This review discusses the capability of depth sectioning for three-dimensional imaging combined with large-angle illumination STEM.Furthermore,the statistical analysis approach remarkably improves the depth resolution,making it possible to achieve three-dimensional atomic resolution imaging at oxide surfaces.We will also discuss the future prospects of three-dimensional imaging at atomic resolution by STEM depth sectioning.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81001700)Project of Sichuan Provincial Education Department(11ZB227,11ZB124)Research Project for the Application Foundation of Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department(2012JY0081)
文摘[ Objective ] This study aimed to investigate the optimal method for extracting RNA from roots of medicinal plant herba violae by comparing the effects of liquid nitrogen grinding method and low-temperature sectioning method on RNA extraction. [ Method] Roots of herba violae were respectively crushed by using liquid nitrogen grinding method and low-temperature sectioning method to extract RNA. The extraction effects of these two methods were compared based on detec- tion of RNA concentration, purity and integrity and amplification of GAPDH gene by RT-PCR. [Result] The concentration of RNA extracted by liquid nitrogen grinding method and low-temperature sectioning method was 1.21 and 3.57 p^g/~, respectively. Both RNA extracted by these two methods showed two distinct bands after agarose gel electrophoresis. The ratio of brightness of the 28S rRNA to the 18S rRNA bands was greater than 1. PCR amplification showed that the length of GAPDH gene was about 230 bp, which was consistent with the expected result. [ Conclusion ] The experimental results indicated that using low-tempera ture sectioning method to crush the roots of herba violae can meet the needs of most molecular biological experiments including gene cloning and expression analysis, which is an effective and simple method for extracting RNA from plant roots.
基金Project supported by the Basic Research Program of the Korea Science & Engineering Foundation (No. R01-2006-000-10327-0), and the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Gov-ernment (MOEHRD) (No. KRF-2005-041-D00903)
文摘3D shape searching is a problem of current interest in several different fields. Most techniques are developed for a particular domain and used to reduce a shape into a simpler shape representation. The techniques developed for a particular domain will also find application in other domains. We propose a new shape matching method. The SSRD (spherical sectioning railroad diagram) algorithm has the general shape distribution’s properties and overall features of the original model. The SSRD’s useful properties are discussed. We show the experimental results for the validity of our method.
文摘Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin is widely used as an adhesive for the manufacture of a range of wood and fiber based products. Although the microstructure of this resin has been examined at high resolution by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has thus far not been used, perhaps because of difficulties in ultrathin sectioning this resin in cured (polymerized) state. In the technical note presented here, a novel sample preparation method is described which enabled us to examine the microstructural morphology of UF resin by transmission electron microscopy in ultrathin sections, revealing the presence of spherical particles within the resin. Our initial attempt to ultrathin section the resin directly was not successful as it was too brittle to trim blocks for sectioning. Then, we developed a sample preparation technique that involved impregnation ofPinus radiatawood tissues with the UF resin, and then embedding of resin impregnated wood tissues with Spurr’s low viscosity embedding medium, which has been widely employed in plant and wood ultrastructure work. The TEM images illustrated and the information on the microstructural morphology of the UF resin presented are based on this novel sample preparation approach.
基金National Natural Science Foundation #30801163,year2008,and#30640058
文摘Objectives: To investigate foot transverse arch biomechanical stability contributed by the second metatarsal and the three ligaments connecting medial cuneiform to the second metatarsal base.Methods: Six fresh-frozen cadaveric lower extremities were dissected to expose the
文摘The originally published version of this paper regrettably contained some typos.First,“structure illumination microscopy”should have been written as“structured illumination microscopy”throughout the text,including in the article title,graphical abstract,the summary,and the main text.Second,in Figure 1A,“iFFT”should be written as“FFT.”Third,in Video S2,the labels“FO”and“Open”were placed incorrectly;FO is the high-quality reconstruction result,while Open contains reconstruction artifact.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3401100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(624B2009,62405010,62335008,62025501,92150301,and 62411540238).
文摘Three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy(3DSIM)is a popular method for observing subcellular/cellular structures or animal/plant tissues with gentle phototoxicity and 3D super-resolution.However,its time-consuming reconstruction process poses challenges for high-throughput imaging and real-time observation.Moreover,traditional 3DSIM typically requires more than six z layers for successful reconstruction and is susceptible to defocused backgrounds.This poses a great gap between single-layer 2DSIM and 6-layer 3DSIM,and limits the observation of thicker samples.To address these limitations,we developed FO-3DSIM,a novel method that integrates spatial-domain reconstruction with optical-sectioning SIM.FO-3DSIM enhances reconstruction speed by up to 855.7 times with superior performance with limited z layers and under high defocused backgrounds.It retains the high-fidelity,low-photon reconstruction capabilities of our previously proposed Open-3DSIM.Utilizing fast reconstruction and optical sectioning,we achieved large field-of-view(FOV)3D super-resolution imaging of mouse kidney actin,covering a region of 0.453 mm×0.453 mm×2.75μm within 23 min of acquisition and 13 min of reconstruction.Near real-time performance was demonstrated in live actin imaging with FO-3DSIM.Our approach reduces photodamage through limited z layer reconstruction,allowing the observation of ER tubes with just three layers.We anticipate that FO-3DSIM will pave the way for near real-time,large FOV 6D imaging,encompassing xyz super-resolution,multi-color,long-term,and polarization imaging with less photodamage,removed defocused backgrounds,and reduced reconstruction time.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11734005,61704024,61821002,and 62075041)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20170696)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2017YFA0700500 and 2018YFA0209101)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2242021K10009).Q.N.C.gratefully acknowledges the support of Southeast University through Zhishan Young Scholar Fund.The authors thank Dr.Haibo Ding for insightful discussion.
文摘Two-photon fluorescence (TPF) ellipsoid formed by a focused femtosecond laser into luminescent media serves as a fundamental pixel for TPF spatiotemporal imaging. Visualizing spatiotemporal evolution of the TPF ellipsoid itself in a selected luminescent medium is important for correctly reconstructing and interpreting spatiotemporal information of imaged targets. Here, we report a new spatiotemporal sectioning technique with a luminescent CsPbBr_(3) nanosheet and visualize the spatiotemporal evolution of TPF ellipsoid along the axial direction. Time-resolved axial lengths of TPF ellipsoids turn out to broaden nonlinearly with a turning point at about 600 ps. By comparison experiments, observed phenomena are attributed to photocarrier trapping and TPF photon recycling processes within CsPbBr_(3) nanosheets. The spatiotemporal sectioning technique is expected to be widely applicable, which will ignite a plethora of investigations and applications utilizing TPF ellipsoid.
基金The Si0x nanocrystals and clusters were deposited by D. Scuderi, 0. Albert, A. Dos Santos and J. Etchepare at the L0A. We thank Bertrand Reynier, Unité de Mécanique, ENSTA, France, for sample characterization by electron microscopy.
文摘We present a new optical microscope in which the light transmitted by a sample-scanned transmission confocal microscope is frequency-tripled by SiOx nanocrystallites in lieu of being transmitted by a confocal pinhole. This imaging technique offers an increased contrast and a high scattered light rejection. It is demonstrated that the contrast close to the Sparrow resolution limit is enhanced and the sectioning power are increased with respect to the linear confocal detection mode. An experimental implementation is presented and compared with the conventional linear confocal mode.
基金supported by the Basic Research Development Program of China(No.JCKY2021607B036)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52275512).
文摘There is an urgent need for the application of broadband Microwave Absorption(MA)structures on the leading edges of aircraft wings,which requires the MA structures to possess both the broadband MA performance and great surface conformability.To meet these requirements,we designed and fabricated a flexible bioinspired meta-structure with ultra-broadband MA,thin thickness and excellent surface conformality.The carbonyl iron powder-carbon nanotubes-polydimethylsiloxane composite was synthesized by physical blending method for fabricating the MA meta-structure.Through geometry-electromagnetic optimal design by heuristic optimization algorithm,the meta-structure mimicking to the nipple photonic nanostructures on the eyes of moth can achieve ultra-broadband MA performance of 35.14 GHz MA bandwidth(reflection loss≤–10 dB),covering 4.86–40.00 GHz,with thickness of only 4.3 mm.Through simple fabrication processes,the meta-structure has been successfully fabricated and bonded on wings’leading edges,exhibiting excellent surface conformability.Furthermore,the designed flexible MA meta-structure possesses significant Radar Cross-Section(RCS)reduction capability,as demonstrated by the RCS analysis of an unmanned aerial vehicle.This flexible ultra-broadband MA meta-structure provides an outstanding candidate to meet the radar stealth requirement of variable curvature structures on aircraft.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52371231)the Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province,China(No.202102030201006)+1 种基金the Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development Special Fund Project(No.YDZJSX2022B003),the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province,China(No.202203021212205)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi,China(No.2022L074).
文摘High-entropy design is attracting growing interest as it offers unique structures and unprecedented application potential for ma-terials.In this article,a novel high-entropy ferrite(CoNi)_(x/2)(CuZnAl)_((1-x)/3)Fe_(2)O_(4)(x=0.25,0.34,0.40,0.50)with a single spinel phase of space group Fd3m was successfully developed by the solid-state reaction method.By tuning the Co-Ni content,the magnetic properties of the material,especially the coercivity,changed regularly,and the microwave absorption properties were improved.In particular,the ef-fective absorption bandwidth of the material increased from 4.8 to 7.2 GHz,and the matched thickness decreased from 3.9 to 2.3 mm,while the minimum reflection loss remained below-20 dB.This study provides a practical method for modifying the properties of fer-rites used to absorb electromagnetic waves.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12365018,U2032146,12465024)Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(Nos.2023MS01005,2024ZD23,2024FX30)the program of Innovative Research Team and Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Nos.NMGIRT2217,NJYT23109)。
文摘The neutron capture resonance parameters for 159Tb are crucial for validating nuclear models,nucleosynthesis during the neutron capture process,and nuclear technology applications.In this study,resonance analyses were performed for the neutron capture cross sections of 159Tb measured at the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)backscattering white neutron beamline(Back-n)facility.The resonance parameters were extracted from the R-Matrix code SAMMY and fitted to the experimental capture yield up to the 1.2 keV resolved resonance region(RRR).The average resonance parameters were determined by performing statistical analysis on the set of the resonance parameters in the RRR.These results were used to fit the measured average capture cross sections using the FITACS code in the unresolved resonance region from 2 keV to 1 MeV.The contributions of partial waves l=0,1,2 to the average capture cross sections are reported.
文摘The integration of image analysis through deep learning(DL)into rock classification represents a significant leap forward in geological research.While traditional methods remain invaluable for their expertise and historical context,DL offers a powerful complement by enhancing the speed,objectivity,and precision of the classification process.This research explores the significance of image data augmentation techniques in optimizing the performance of convolutional neural networks(CNNs)for geological image analysis,particularly in the classification of igneous,metamorphic,and sedimentary rock types from rock thin section(RTS)images.This study primarily focuses on classic image augmentation techniques and evaluates their impact on model accuracy and precision.Results demonstrate that augmentation techniques like Equalize significantly enhance the model's classification capabilities,achieving an F1-Score of 0.9869 for igneous rocks,0.9884 for metamorphic rocks,and 0.9929 for sedimentary rocks,representing improvements compared to the baseline original results.Moreover,the weighted average F1-Score across all classes and techniques is 0.9886,indicating an enhancement.Conversely,methods like Distort lead to decreased accuracy and F1-Score,with an F1-Score of 0.949 for igneous rocks,0.954 for metamorphic rocks,and 0.9416 for sedimentary rocks,exacerbating the performance compared to the baseline.The study underscores the practicality of image data augmentation in geological image classification and advocates for the adoption of DL methods in this domain for automation and improved results.The findings of this study can benefit various fields,including remote sensing,mineral exploration,and environmental monitoring,by enhancing the accuracy of geological image analysis both for scientific research and industrial applications.
文摘In this editorial,we comment on a recent article by Chen et al,that addressed the effect of intraoperative injection of esketamine on postoperative analgesia and postoperative rehabilitation after cesarean section.Poor management of postcesarean pain is associated with decreased maternal care for the baby,longer hospitalization,and higher risk of developing postpartum depression.Esketamine is a more potent S-enantiomer of ketamine which has shown promising analgesic and antidepressant properties for managing post-cesarean pain and depression in clinical studies.However,due to its potential adverse effects on the neurological and hemodynamic status of patients,it is recommended that its usage in low doses should be limited to cesarean candidates experiencing unbearable pain.Before any recommendation for routine perioperative use of esketamine,more standardized clinical trials are needed to strengthen our existing knowledge of its effectiveness in reducing postpartum pain and depression.
文摘To study the rolling motion of a ship in the presence of water on its deck,a linear-plus-quadratic damping term was incorporated into its equation of motion.Ship model tests indicates that the key dynamics of the physical system are preserved in the ship rolling equation with the linear-plus-quadratic type damping term.To take into account the presence of randomness in the excitation and the response,a new method was developed and a Melnikov criterion was obtained to provide an upper bound on the domain of the potential chaotic rolling motion(erratic rocking).Additionally,the Melnikov criterion proposed in this study was verified by the utilization of phase plane diagrams and Poincare maps.Furthermore,this research has made the initial endeavor to systematically modify the system parameters in the rolling equation of motion for ship stability analysis.
文摘BACKGROUND Intrathecal bupivacaine is the traditional anesthetic drug used in spinal anesthesia for caesarean sections(CSs),but ropivacaine has emerged as a potential alter-native.This meta-analysis compares the efficacy and safety of intrathecal hyper-baric bupivacaine vs hyperbaric ropivacaine for cesarean sections.AIM To systematically evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine and hyperbaric ropivacaine for spinal anesthesia in CSs.METHODS A thorough search of electronic databases was carried out to find pertinent randomized controlled trials(RCTs)comparing intrathecal hyperbaric ropi-vacaine and hyperbaric bupivacaine during CSs.PubMed,Cochrane database,Google Scholar,and Scopus were searched,and papers from January 2000 to January 2024 were deemed eligible and filtered using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Studies were assessed for methodological quality,and data were extracted for time to adequate anesthesia(sensory and motor blockade),duration of sensory and motor block,hemodynamic changes and side effect profile.The standardized mean difference with 95%CI was used for continuous data.Dichotomous variables were assessed using the Mantel-Haenszel test and the random effect model to compute the odds ratio.RESULTS Total 8 RCTs were selected from a pool of 119 search results for meta-analysis.The meta-analysis evaluated pooled effect sizes and assessed heterogeneity among the studies.The primary objective was to compare key outcomes to identify any significant variances in efficacy and safety profiles between two local anesthetics.The analysis revealed that the difference in the onset of sensory blockade between the two local anesthetics was statistically insignificant(P=0.1586).However,the onset of motor blockade appeared to be faster with bupivacaine(P=0.03589).Additionally,the regression of sensory and motor blockade occurred earlier in the ropivacaine group.Furthermore,the duration of the first analgesic effect was shorter with a significance level of P<0.05.Regarding side effects profile,including hypotension,nausea,and shivering,the study did not observe any significant differences between the two groups.CONCLUSION This meta-analysis offers insights into the effectiveness and safety of hyperbaric bupivacaine vs ropivacaine for cesarean sections.Hyperbaric ropivacaine had a comparable safety profile and faster regression of sensory and motor blockade than hyperbaric bupivacaine,perhaps aiding early mobilization of parturient and facilitating mother-child bonding.Choosing ropivacaine may offer benefits beyond efficacy for cesarean section patients and short surgical procedures.
基金funded by project PDI2021-125585NB-I00 of the Spanish Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities‒Agencia Estatal de Investigacion.JF thanks the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic for support of his study(GA23-06198S).
文摘The El Pintado 1 Silurian section in Seville Province,Spain,described by Loydell et al.(2015),has been ratified by the IUGS as the replacement GSSP for the base of the Telychian Stage,to replace the Cefn Cerig quarry section in the Llandovery area of Wales,which was found to be within a sedimentary mélange and therefore not a continuous section.No section other than El Pintado 1 has been found to be continuously fossiliferous across the Aeronian/Telychian boundary.
文摘简单的善举不仅温暖了他人,也让施助者感受到内心的充盈与喜悦,既彰显出爱的力量,更传递出分享的真谛。1 I have no idea why some stores make shelves so high that only a professional basketball player can reach them,but they do.I experienced one of them just the other day.I had just picked up some toothpaste and deodorant and was heading to the dog food section when I took a short cut through the toy section.
文摘The identification and characterization of rock types is a core activity in geology and related fields,including mining,petroleum,environmental science,industry,and construction.Traditionally,this task is performed by human specialists who analyze and describe the type,composition,texture,shape,and other properties of rock samples,whether collected in-situ or prepared in a laboratory.However,the process is subjective,dependent on the specialist’s experience,and time-consuming.This study proposes an artificial intelligence-based approach that combines computer vision and natural language processing to generate both textual and verbal descriptions from images of rock thin sections.A dataset of images and corresponding textual descriptions is used to train a hybrid deep learning model.Features extracted from the images using EfficientNetB7 are processed by a Transformer network to generate textual descriptions,which are then converted into verbal responses using a speech synthesis service.The experimental results show an accuracy of 0.892 and a BLEU score of 0.71.This model offers potential utility for research,professional,and academic applications and has been deployed as a web application for public use.
文摘Objective:The objective of this study is to determine the effect of nurse-led instructional video(NLIV)on anxiety,satisfaction,and recovery among mothers admitted for cesarean section(CS).Materials and Methods:A quasi-experimental design was carried out on the mothers scheduled for CS.Eighty participants were selected by a purposive sampling technique,which were divided(40 participants in each group)into an experimental group and a control group.Nurse-led informational video(NLIV)was shown to the experimental group,and routine care was provided for the control group.Modified hospital anxiety scale(HADS),scale for measuring maternal satisfaction in cesarean birth,and obstetric quality of recovery following cesarean delivery were used to assess anxiety,satisfaction,and recovery.Results:Both the experimental and control groups showed significant reductions in anxiety by the first postintervention day(P<0.001),with the experimental group experiencing a greater mean reduction(mean difference[MD]=4.37)than the control group(MD=3.35)but the intergroup difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The experimental group reported significantly higher satisfaction scores(175.55±9.42)on the 3rd postoperative day compared to the control group(151.93±14.89;P<0.001).Similarly,the experimental group’s recovery scores(79.90±6.24)were considerably higher than those of the control group(62.45±15.18;P<0.001).On the 3rd postintervention day,satisfaction was significantly associated with age(P<0.001),and recovery with gravidity(P<0.05).Conclusions:NLIV can be used in the preoperative period to reduce anxiety related to CS and to improve satisfaction and recovery after the CS.
