One of the new methods for ensuring that the battery in a thermal energy storage system is kept at the proper temperature is the heat pipe-based ThermalManagement System(TMS).In this study,the improvement of cooling p...One of the new methods for ensuring that the battery in a thermal energy storage system is kept at the proper temperature is the heat pipe-based ThermalManagement System(TMS).In this study,the improvement of cooling performance of a heat pipe based TMS is examined through the variation of condenser section length of heat pipes in an array.The TMSs with an array of heat pipes with different condenser section lengths are considered.The system performances are evaluated using a validated numerical method.The results show that a heat pipebased TMS provides the best cooling performance when a wavy-like variation is employed and when the condenser section length of the last set of the heat pipe in the array is greater than that of the penultimate set.The maximum cell temperature and the maximum temperature difference within the cell of this TMS are decreased by 4.2 K and 1.1 K,respectively,when compared to the typical heat pipe based TMS with zero variation in its condenser section length.Conclusively,the strategy offers an improvement in the thermal uniformity for all the TMS cases.展开更多
My investigation will serve two purposes. First, I shall investigate the function of the subclauses in the corpus in relation to their complexity, and I shall establish whether there is a correlation between sentence ...My investigation will serve two purposes. First, I shall investigate the function of the subclauses in the corpus in relation to their complexity, and I shall establish whether there is a correlation between sentence length and sentence complexity.Second, I shall analyse the complexity of the subclauses collected from the two sections and compare the results from these sections, focusing on finite subclauses and non-finite subclauses. I hope to be able to point out some differences in style between the news and sports sections concerning the use of subordinate clauses in various syntactic functions in order to examine how the choice of linguistic structures differs in different sections of The Times.展开更多
Ozone is a green house gas. Ozone absorption cross sections have been reported with discrepancies and inconsistencies. In this paper, simultaneous effects of the optical path length and temperature variations on ozone...Ozone is a green house gas. Ozone absorption cross sections have been reported with discrepancies and inconsistencies. In this paper, simultaneous effects of the optical path length and temperature variations on ozone gas absorption cross sections are investigated at different wavelengths. HITRAN 2012, the latest available line list on spectralcalc.com simulator, is used in this study to simulate ozone gas absorption cross sections in relation to the simultaneous effects of the optical path length and temperature at the wavelengths of 603 nm and 575 nm. Results obtained for gas cells with the optical path length from 10 cm to 120 cm show that the decrease in temperatures from 313 K to 103 K results in the increase in ozone gas absorption cross sections. At wavelengths of 603 nm and 575 nm, the percentage increase of ozone gas absorption cross sections is 1.22% and 0.71%, respectively. Results obtained in this study show that in the visible spectrum, at constant pressure, ozone gas absorption cross sections are dependent on the temperature and wavelength but do not depend on the optical path length. Analysis in this work addresses discrepancies in ozone gas absorption cross sections in relation to the temperature in the visible spectrum; thus, the results can be applied to get optimal configuration of high accuracy ozone gas sensors.展开更多
Pier-Pile integral structures provide construction works with many environmental and landscape advantages. For example, the space required to construct these structures is smaller than that of other bridges due to the...Pier-Pile integral structures provide construction works with many environmental and landscape advantages. For example, the space required to construct these structures is smaller than that of other bridges due to the footing being removed, meaning that it is not necessity to greatly change the surroundings of these bridges. While there are environmental and landscape advantages, there are also a few demerits for the overall land-scape designs, including demerits in the design of this proposed structure which consists of relatively slender parts. This proposed structure has already been constructed in areas where possibility of a severe earthquake is low. However, some problems that have yet to be examined are related to the use of this proposed structure in areas where earthquakes are frequent. Lacking detailed studies of its behavior during severe earthquakes, it is currently difficult to construct these structures in Japan. Consequently, it is necessary to investigate in detail limited performance about compression and bending moment, and earthquake- resistant performance of these structures in order to resolve these problems. In this paper, It was clarified the relationship between the rigidity of the ground and the effective buckling length by buckling analysis and elasto- plastic finite deformation analysis. Moreover, it was proposed a simplified formula using a proposed characteristic value β and several factors for analysis accuracy. A simplified formula would support to determine the effective buckling length to design the pier using the load-bearing capacity curve based on the slenderness ratio parameter.展开更多
Analyzing the mass of behind-armor debris (BAD) generated by Rolled Homogeneous Armor (RHA) subjected to normal penetration of variable cross-section Explosively Formed Projectile (EFP) is the purpose of this paper. S...Analyzing the mass of behind-armor debris (BAD) generated by Rolled Homogeneous Armor (RHA) subjected to normal penetration of variable cross-section Explosively Formed Projectile (EFP) is the purpose of this paper. So theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental data are combined to analyze the influence of variable cross-section characteristic on the time history of crater radius. Moreover the relationships between time history of crater radius (as well as mass of BAD) and the thickness of RHA (from 30mm to 70 mm) and the impact velocity of EFP (1650 m/s to 1860 m/s) are also investigated. The results indicate that: 1) being compared to the variable cross-section characteristic is ignored, the theoretical time history of crater radius is in better agreement with the simulation results when the variable cross-section characteristic is considered;2) being compared to the other three conditions of plug, the theoretical mass of BAD is in the best agreement with the simulation results when the shape of plug is frustum of a cone and the angle between generatrix and bottom is 45- and the axial length of mushroom is considered.展开更多
Telomeres are nucleoprotein complexes located at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes and are shorten with aging or various causes. Shortened telomere plays an important role for chromosomal instability in carcinogenesi...Telomeres are nucleoprotein complexes located at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes and are shorten with aging or various causes. Shortened telomere plays an important role for chromosomal instability in carcinogenesis, or a number of diseases in relation to aging. FISH using peptide-nucleic acid (PNA) probe is suitable for analyzing telomeres, because telomere is a part of DNA molecule and localized in chromosomal end in loop shape structure (T-loop). We introduce our telomere analysis for tissue sections and cultured cells in this paper. On the tissue sections, we analyze telomere length with telomere intensity to centromere intensity ratio (TCR), centromere as an inner control. In the cultured cells, we analyze telomere lengths on each chromosome with karyotyping. Those Q-FISH methods by PNA probe are an accurate and reliable tool for research on telomere lengths in various conditions in biology.展开更多
Objectives: Length of hospital stay after cesarean section is today much shorter than previously, and a stay of only 1 day is used in many departments. However, complications requiring immediate treatment must be diag...Objectives: Length of hospital stay after cesarean section is today much shorter than previously, and a stay of only 1 day is used in many departments. However, complications requiring immediate treatment must be diagnosed before leaving hospital. We assessed the time interval from planned cesarean section to diagnosis of major complications in low-risk women to estimate a safe time of discharge. Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study among 5633 women undergoing planned cesarean section from 2001-2017 at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. The inclusion criterion was postoperative complication graded as Clavien-Dindo ≥ II. Exclusion criteria were preoperative comorbidity or problems during surgery indicative of need for prolonged stay. Time from cesarean section to suspicion of a postoperative complication was the primary endpoint. Results: The study population consisted of 116 women with unexpected postoperative complications, 47 classified as Clavien-Dindo II and 69 as Clavien-Dindo III-IV. In 63 of the 116, the diagnoses were suspected within 24 hours (Clavien-Dindo II: 25, Clavien-Dindo III-IV: 38). These included all cases of relaparotomy and uterine atony with immediate need of medical treatment. Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction was diagnosed within 2 days, while other complications were suspected and treated 2 to 10 days postoperatively. Conclusions: Among low-risk women with a postoperative complication, all cases requiring relaparotomy and medically treated uterine atony were suspected within 24 hours after surgery. Discharge 24 hours after planned cesarean section seems safe in low-risk patients.展开更多
文摘One of the new methods for ensuring that the battery in a thermal energy storage system is kept at the proper temperature is the heat pipe-based ThermalManagement System(TMS).In this study,the improvement of cooling performance of a heat pipe based TMS is examined through the variation of condenser section length of heat pipes in an array.The TMSs with an array of heat pipes with different condenser section lengths are considered.The system performances are evaluated using a validated numerical method.The results show that a heat pipebased TMS provides the best cooling performance when a wavy-like variation is employed and when the condenser section length of the last set of the heat pipe in the array is greater than that of the penultimate set.The maximum cell temperature and the maximum temperature difference within the cell of this TMS are decreased by 4.2 K and 1.1 K,respectively,when compared to the typical heat pipe based TMS with zero variation in its condenser section length.Conclusively,the strategy offers an improvement in the thermal uniformity for all the TMS cases.
文摘My investigation will serve two purposes. First, I shall investigate the function of the subclauses in the corpus in relation to their complexity, and I shall establish whether there is a correlation between sentence length and sentence complexity.Second, I shall analyse the complexity of the subclauses collected from the two sections and compare the results from these sections, focusing on finite subclauses and non-finite subclauses. I hope to be able to point out some differences in style between the news and sports sections concerning the use of subordinate clauses in various syntactic functions in order to examine how the choice of linguistic structures differs in different sections of The Times.
基金supported by Universiti Teknologi Malaysia under Research University Grant Scheme under Grant No.05J60 and No.04H35Ministry of Higher Education under Fundamental Research Grant Scheme under Grant No.4F317 and No.4F565Nigerian Education Trust Fund under Tertiary Education Trust Fund
文摘Ozone is a green house gas. Ozone absorption cross sections have been reported with discrepancies and inconsistencies. In this paper, simultaneous effects of the optical path length and temperature variations on ozone gas absorption cross sections are investigated at different wavelengths. HITRAN 2012, the latest available line list on spectralcalc.com simulator, is used in this study to simulate ozone gas absorption cross sections in relation to the simultaneous effects of the optical path length and temperature at the wavelengths of 603 nm and 575 nm. Results obtained for gas cells with the optical path length from 10 cm to 120 cm show that the decrease in temperatures from 313 K to 103 K results in the increase in ozone gas absorption cross sections. At wavelengths of 603 nm and 575 nm, the percentage increase of ozone gas absorption cross sections is 1.22% and 0.71%, respectively. Results obtained in this study show that in the visible spectrum, at constant pressure, ozone gas absorption cross sections are dependent on the temperature and wavelength but do not depend on the optical path length. Analysis in this work addresses discrepancies in ozone gas absorption cross sections in relation to the temperature in the visible spectrum; thus, the results can be applied to get optimal configuration of high accuracy ozone gas sensors.
文摘Pier-Pile integral structures provide construction works with many environmental and landscape advantages. For example, the space required to construct these structures is smaller than that of other bridges due to the footing being removed, meaning that it is not necessity to greatly change the surroundings of these bridges. While there are environmental and landscape advantages, there are also a few demerits for the overall land-scape designs, including demerits in the design of this proposed structure which consists of relatively slender parts. This proposed structure has already been constructed in areas where possibility of a severe earthquake is low. However, some problems that have yet to be examined are related to the use of this proposed structure in areas where earthquakes are frequent. Lacking detailed studies of its behavior during severe earthquakes, it is currently difficult to construct these structures in Japan. Consequently, it is necessary to investigate in detail limited performance about compression and bending moment, and earthquake- resistant performance of these structures in order to resolve these problems. In this paper, It was clarified the relationship between the rigidity of the ground and the effective buckling length by buckling analysis and elasto- plastic finite deformation analysis. Moreover, it was proposed a simplified formula using a proposed characteristic value β and several factors for analysis accuracy. A simplified formula would support to determine the effective buckling length to design the pier using the load-bearing capacity curve based on the slenderness ratio parameter.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11372136)
文摘Analyzing the mass of behind-armor debris (BAD) generated by Rolled Homogeneous Armor (RHA) subjected to normal penetration of variable cross-section Explosively Formed Projectile (EFP) is the purpose of this paper. So theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental data are combined to analyze the influence of variable cross-section characteristic on the time history of crater radius. Moreover the relationships between time history of crater radius (as well as mass of BAD) and the thickness of RHA (from 30mm to 70 mm) and the impact velocity of EFP (1650 m/s to 1860 m/s) are also investigated. The results indicate that: 1) being compared to the variable cross-section characteristic is ignored, the theoretical time history of crater radius is in better agreement with the simulation results when the variable cross-section characteristic is considered;2) being compared to the other three conditions of plug, the theoretical mass of BAD is in the best agreement with the simulation results when the shape of plug is frustum of a cone and the angle between generatrix and bottom is 45- and the axial length of mushroom is considered.
文摘Telomeres are nucleoprotein complexes located at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes and are shorten with aging or various causes. Shortened telomere plays an important role for chromosomal instability in carcinogenesis, or a number of diseases in relation to aging. FISH using peptide-nucleic acid (PNA) probe is suitable for analyzing telomeres, because telomere is a part of DNA molecule and localized in chromosomal end in loop shape structure (T-loop). We introduce our telomere analysis for tissue sections and cultured cells in this paper. On the tissue sections, we analyze telomere length with telomere intensity to centromere intensity ratio (TCR), centromere as an inner control. In the cultured cells, we analyze telomere lengths on each chromosome with karyotyping. Those Q-FISH methods by PNA probe are an accurate and reliable tool for research on telomere lengths in various conditions in biology.
文摘Objectives: Length of hospital stay after cesarean section is today much shorter than previously, and a stay of only 1 day is used in many departments. However, complications requiring immediate treatment must be diagnosed before leaving hospital. We assessed the time interval from planned cesarean section to diagnosis of major complications in low-risk women to estimate a safe time of discharge. Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study among 5633 women undergoing planned cesarean section from 2001-2017 at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. The inclusion criterion was postoperative complication graded as Clavien-Dindo ≥ II. Exclusion criteria were preoperative comorbidity or problems during surgery indicative of need for prolonged stay. Time from cesarean section to suspicion of a postoperative complication was the primary endpoint. Results: The study population consisted of 116 women with unexpected postoperative complications, 47 classified as Clavien-Dindo II and 69 as Clavien-Dindo III-IV. In 63 of the 116, the diagnoses were suspected within 24 hours (Clavien-Dindo II: 25, Clavien-Dindo III-IV: 38). These included all cases of relaparotomy and uterine atony with immediate need of medical treatment. Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction was diagnosed within 2 days, while other complications were suspected and treated 2 to 10 days postoperatively. Conclusions: Among low-risk women with a postoperative complication, all cases requiring relaparotomy and medically treated uterine atony were suspected within 24 hours after surgery. Discharge 24 hours after planned cesarean section seems safe in low-risk patients.
文摘随着高温超导等低温技术的快速发展,脉动热管作为一种高效换热元件在液氮温区的应用逐渐受到关注。对于较长距离和冷热两端不共面的应用背景,本文利用计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)对脉动热管元件建立三维数值模型,并用流体体积(volume of fluid,VOF)方法模拟气液两相流。首先对绝热段长度分别为22mm、50mm和100mm的脉动热管在液氮温区的热性能进行对比研究,结果表明蒸发段和冷凝段长度不变,增加绝热段长度时,其表现出更高的热传导能力,同时潜热传热量也会增大。此外,针对绝热段长度为50mm脉动热管,分析了三种尺寸L形结构的运行特性,发现仅蒸发段水平放置,以及绝热段1/2与蒸发段一起水平放置时可成功启动;但蒸发段和绝热段全部水平放置时,管内始终处于下气上液分布状态,从而未能启动。研究结果为脉动热管在复杂环境中的应用提供了参考。
