[Objective] To utilize the germplasm resources,new systematic evidence for the classification of sect.Paracamellia,genus Camellia is found in this article.[Method] Fruit anatomy of 10 species representing sect.Paracam...[Objective] To utilize the germplasm resources,new systematic evidence for the classification of sect.Paracamellia,genus Camellia is found in this article.[Method] Fruit anatomy of 10 species representing sect.Paracamellia was investigated.And the main component of sect.Paracamellia in the genus Camellia was studied by MVSP software.[Result] The exocarp was thin;mesocarp was broad,having a large number of stone cells;endocarp was lignified,and separated easily from seed.The principle components analysis suggested that the distance between species was far,showing far relation;the current study did not support the formation of Camellia grijsii（C.grijsii）and Camellia yuhsienensis（C.yuhsienensis）,Camellia shensiensis（C.shensiensis）should not be recognized as a variety of C.yuhsienensis.In addition,it also proved Ming＇s combining of Camellia confusa（C.confusa）and Camellia kissi（C.kissi）was unnatural.[Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for the development and application of sect.Paracamellia in the genus Camellia.展开更多
Yunnan is not only the center of tea origination but also the center of tea evolution and variation.There is a broad distribution of Sect.Thea（L.） Dyer in Yunnan.This paper concerns the research progress of Sect.The...Yunnan is not only the center of tea origination but also the center of tea evolution and variation.There is a broad distribution of Sect.Thea（L.） Dyer in Yunnan.This paper concerns the research progress of Sect.Thea（L.） Dyer,reveals the distribution of Sect.Thea（L.） Dyer in Yunnan,and checks out the number and name of Sect.Thea（L.） Dyer in Yunnan,which will offer references for further study and application of tea plants.展开更多
Vicia amirensis has pollen grain with swollen mesocipium, terete style, abaxially sprouting stylar hairs and globes stigma, differing from other five species,V. amoena, V. japonica, V. pseudo-orbus, V. ramuliflora, V....Vicia amirensis has pollen grain with swollen mesocipium, terete style, abaxially sprouting stylar hairs and globes stigma, differing from other five species,V. amoena, V. japonica, V. pseudo-orbus, V. ramuliflora, V. unijuga andV. venosa, in sect.Vicilla of Kupicha’s System. This result further support taxonomic treatmentV. amurensis proposed by Endo and Ohash. The chromosome numbers of 64 populations and karyotypes of 15 populations for sect.Vicilla and sect.Amurense were observed.V. amurensis andV. psendo-orbus have similar karyotype features such as the same karyotype symmetry, comparable chromosome size and the same type, of Sat-chromosomes, and thereforeV. amurensis in seet.Amurense is assumed to be closely related toV. japonica in sect.Vicilla. The primary study of nuclear DNA amount was carried out on nine populations of six taxa in sect.Vicilla in China. It is primarily discussed that evolutionary trend of karyotype, nuclear DNA amount in sect.Vicilla and geographic distribution of different ploidy cytotypes.展开更多
Clematis sect. Atragene is revised in this paper based on the examination of a large number of herbarium specimens, extensive field observations, and morphometric analyses. Brief taxonomic history and geographical dis...Clematis sect. Atragene is revised in this paper based on the examination of a large number of herbarium specimens, extensive field observations, and morphometric analyses. Brief taxonomic history and geographical distribution of the section are given, the relationships among the species are discussed, and the evolutionary trends of some characters in the section are evaluated. The staminodes of the plants in this section may have evolved from the outer stamens with petaloid filaments and gradually disappearing anthers. Subsequently, they may have evolved in two different ways. One possibility is that the staminodes elongate and become lanceolate, as long as sepals, and their apices turn into attenuate. The other is that the staminodes are spathulate, but not elongating, as long as stamens, and their apices turn into retuse from obtuse and rounded. The evolutionary trend of sepals may be from thin to thick in texture, and the veins from non-prominent to prominent. As a result, five new series are established and nine species, two subspecies and nine varieties （including three new ranks） are recognized in this section. An identification key is provided, and each taxon is described and illustrated. Clematis sibirica and Clematis ochotensis are treated as subspecies of Clematis alpina due to their subtle differences and lack of, or few, overlapping distributions. Clematis fusijamana and Clematisfauriei are recognized as varieties of C. alpina ssp. ochotensis for the continuous variation of the velutinous strips on the sepal margins. Clematis iliensis is treated as variety of C. alpina ssp. sibirica for the continuous variation of leaf division types. Extensive variations in sepal color and basal caruncle size support degrading Clematis chiisanensis as a variety of Clematis koreana. The North American ser. Occientales may be primitive, whereas ser. Macropetalae may be the most advanced taxon in this section. Ser. Alpinae and ser. Koreanae are closely related to each other. However, the systematic position of ser. Tomentosae cannot be determined based on morphological characters alone in the present study.展开更多
The taxonomy of Lepisorus （J. Sm.） Ching sect. Lepisorus in China was revised based on herbarium specimen examinations, field observations, and microscopic study of rhizome scales, soral paraphyses, leaf epidermis, ...The taxonomy of Lepisorus （J. Sm.） Ching sect. Lepisorus in China was revised based on herbarium specimen examinations, field observations, and microscopic study of rhizome scales, soral paraphyses, leaf epidermis, and spores. As a result, nine species were recognized： Lepisorus macrosphaerus （Baker） Ching, Lepisorus asterolepis （Baker） Ching, Lepisorus marginatus Ching, Lepisorus kuchenensis （Y.C. Wu） Ching, Lepisorus megasorus （C. Chr.） Ching, Lepisorus kawakamii （Hayata） Tagawa, Lepisorus subsessilis Ching ＆ Y.X. Lin, Lepisorus affinis Ching, and Lepisorus nudus （Hook.） Ching. Lepisorus kawakamii （Hayata） Tagawa was reinstated; Lepisorus gyirongensis Ching ＆ S.K. Wu and Lepisorus longus Ching were reduced to synonyms ofL. nudus and L. affinis, respectively. The subdivision ofLepisorus macrosphaerus was not accepted. Rhizome scales and paraphyses are the most useful characters for species delimitation as well as for infrageneric classification. Characteristics of the leaf epidermis and spore ornamentation are usually stable and thus of great significance in understanding the relationships among groups within the genus.展开更多
Dryopteris sect.Diclisodon is a small section of ferns with about 12 species mainly distributed in East Asia.Here,we carried out morphological and phylogenetic analyses of this section.A new species from southwest Chi...Dryopteris sect.Diclisodon is a small section of ferns with about 12 species mainly distributed in East Asia.Here,we carried out morphological and phylogenetic analyses of this section.A new species from southwest China,D.gaoligongensis,is described and illustrated.Dryopteris gaoligongensis resembles D.indonesiana and D.sparsa,but differs by having a creeping rhizome and large 4-pinnate fronds.We also show that D.glabrior Ching&Z.Y.Liu is a distinct species;however,because it is a later homonym of D.glabrior Copel.,it should be renamed D.renchangiana.We conclude that a species previously known as D.nitidula,also an illegitimate homonym,should be recognized with a new name,D.sinonepalensis.We resolve the phylogenetic position of D.yoroii as sister to other sampled species of D.sect Diclisodon.Our phylogenetic analyses confirm the distinctiveness of D.gaoligongensis,D.renchangiana,and D.sinonepalensis.A key to species of D.sect Diclisodon in China is provided.展开更多
Seventeen species, one subspecies and one variety of Dioscorea sect. Stenophora Uline were investi-gated for their phylogenetic relationships based on a sequence analysis of chloroplast matK and rbcL genes and trnL-F ...Seventeen species, one subspecies and one variety of Dioscorea sect. Stenophora Uline were investi-gated for their phylogenetic relationships based on a sequence analysis of chloroplast matK and rbcL genes and trnL-F intergenic spacer by maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods. The results showed that: (a) sect. Stenophora was a strongly supported monophyletic group; (b) D. rockii, D. membranacea, D. banzhuana, and D. simulans formed a moderately supported monophyletic group, and D. prazeri was weakly supported to be sister to this group; (c) D. althaeoides and D. nipponica ssp. nipponica formed a moderately supported clade, and D. nipponica ssp. rosthornii was not a member of this clade; (d) D. zingiberensis and D. sinoparviflora showed a moderate to strong sister relationship; and (e) D. collettii var. hypoglauca and D. collettii var. collettii were sister to each other, but with only weak support.展开更多
In this paper Clematis sect. Aspidanthera s.l. is revised. Seventy_ two species and 15 varieties are recognized. They are keyed, described, and in most cases illustrated, and are classified into six subsections. Of th...In this paper Clematis sect. Aspidanthera s.l. is revised. Seventy_ two species and 15 varieties are recognized. They are keyed, described, and in most cases illustrated, and are classified into six subsections. Of them, on e series, five species, and two varieties are described as new, and two new rank s are proposed. Brief taxonomic history and geographical distribution of the sec tion are given, the evolutionary trends of several important morphological characters observed are e numerated, and the relationships of its subsections are discussed. As a resul t, subsect. Dioicae, which shows striking resemblance in both habit an d floral structure to sect. Clematis subsect. Clematis, is regar ded as t he primitive group, while subsect. Insidiosae, bearing pistillate flower wit h erect sepals and no staminodes, is regarded as the advanced group within the s ection.展开更多
The circumscriptions of sections Auganthus Pax ex Balf. f. and Ranunculoides Chen et C. M. Hu in the genus Primula L. have been controversial, due to the different treatments of P. filchnerae Knuth. W...The circumscriptions of sections Auganthus Pax ex Balf. f. and Ranunculoides Chen et C. M. Hu in the genus Primula L. have been controversial, due to the different treatments of P. filchnerae Knuth. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis using sequences from the ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. All five species of these two sections and some representatives of other related sections were sampled. The ITS trees show that P. filchnerae could be convincingly placed in sect. Auganthus , together with P. sinensis Sabine ex Lindl. and P. rupestris Balf. f. et Farrer, whereas sect. Ranunculoides contains two species: P. cicutariifolia Pax and P. merrilliana Schltr. These two sections are distantly related and their association with other sections needs further studies. This study also demonstrated that ITS sequences would be a suitable marker for the reconstruction of Primula phylogeny.展开更多
To the Editor:Abeleda et al.[1]recently argued in a perspective article that the Philippines should do better in order to achieve its goal of reducing schistosomiasis incidence to zero in humans,animals,and snails by ...To the Editor:Abeleda et al.[1]recently argued in a perspective article that the Philippines should do better in order to achieve its goal of reducing schistosomiasis incidence to zero in humans,animals,and snails by 2025[2,3].The authors appropriately ascribed the need to ramp up surveillance,WASH(water,sanitation,and hygiene),and veterinary efforts.In this letter,I would like to add to the discussion that the key to achieving schistosomiasis elimination may be strengthening the veterinary public health sector and framing mitigation efforts within the One Health lens.Schistosoma(S.)japonicum infection is a zoonotic disease and it affects more than 40 species of animals,including livestock animals like cattle,pigs,and water buffaloes,and pets like dogs[4].In the Philippines,the prevalence of infection in animal reservoirs remains largely unknown in most endemic areas due to the lack of concerted epidemiological efforts unlike what is being done in human hosts.In areas where studies have been done,infection rates are from less than 10%to 97%in water buffaloes tested[5-7].Indeed,as Abeleda et al.[1]argued,there is a need to do better on this front.展开更多
基金Supported by General Program of Jinhua City Science and Technology Bureau(2009-2-020)~~
文摘[Objective] To utilize the germplasm resources,new systematic evidence for the classification of sect.Paracamellia,genus Camellia is found in this article.[Method] Fruit anatomy of 10 species representing sect.Paracamellia was investigated.And the main component of sect.Paracamellia in the genus Camellia was studied by MVSP software.[Result] The exocarp was thin;mesocarp was broad,having a large number of stone cells;endocarp was lignified,and separated easily from seed.The principle components analysis suggested that the distance between species was far,showing far relation;the current study did not support the formation of Camellia grijsii（C.grijsii）and Camellia yuhsienensis（C.yuhsienensis）,Camellia shensiensis（C.shensiensis）should not be recognized as a variety of C.yuhsienensis.In addition,it also proved Ming＇s combining of Camellia confusa（C.confusa）and Camellia kissi（C.kissi）was unnatural.[Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for the development and application of sect.Paracamellia in the genus Camellia.
基金Supported by Foundation of Tea Research Institute of Yunnan Acad-emy of Agricultural Science (2009A09-37)~~
文摘Yunnan is not only the center of tea origination but also the center of tea evolution and variation.There is a broad distribution of Sect.Thea（L.） Dyer in Yunnan.This paper concerns the research progress of Sect.Thea（L.） Dyer,reveals the distribution of Sect.Thea（L.） Dyer in Yunnan,and checks out the number and name of Sect.Thea（L.） Dyer in Yunnan,which will offer references for further study and application of tea plants.
文摘Vicia amirensis has pollen grain with swollen mesocipium, terete style, abaxially sprouting stylar hairs and globes stigma, differing from other five species,V. amoena, V. japonica, V. pseudo-orbus, V. ramuliflora, V. unijuga andV. venosa, in sect.Vicilla of Kupicha’s System. This result further support taxonomic treatmentV. amurensis proposed by Endo and Ohash. The chromosome numbers of 64 populations and karyotypes of 15 populations for sect.Vicilla and sect.Amurense were observed.V. amurensis andV. psendo-orbus have similar karyotype features such as the same karyotype symmetry, comparable chromosome size and the same type, of Sat-chromosomes, and thereforeV. amurensis in seet.Amurense is assumed to be closely related toV. japonica in sect.Vicilla. The primary study of nuclear DNA amount was carried out on nine populations of six taxa in sect.Vicilla in China. It is primarily discussed that evolutionary trend of karyotype, nuclear DNA amount in sect.Vicilla and geographic distribution of different ploidy cytotypes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30870146).
文摘Clematis sect. Atragene is revised in this paper based on the examination of a large number of herbarium specimens, extensive field observations, and morphometric analyses. Brief taxonomic history and geographical distribution of the section are given, the relationships among the species are discussed, and the evolutionary trends of some characters in the section are evaluated. The staminodes of the plants in this section may have evolved from the outer stamens with petaloid filaments and gradually disappearing anthers. Subsequently, they may have evolved in two different ways. One possibility is that the staminodes elongate and become lanceolate, as long as sepals, and their apices turn into attenuate. The other is that the staminodes are spathulate, but not elongating, as long as stamens, and their apices turn into retuse from obtuse and rounded. The evolutionary trend of sepals may be from thin to thick in texture, and the veins from non-prominent to prominent. As a result, five new series are established and nine species, two subspecies and nine varieties （including three new ranks） are recognized in this section. An identification key is provided, and each taxon is described and illustrated. Clematis sibirica and Clematis ochotensis are treated as subspecies of Clematis alpina due to their subtle differences and lack of, or few, overlapping distributions. Clematis fusijamana and Clematisfauriei are recognized as varieties of C. alpina ssp. ochotensis for the continuous variation of the velutinous strips on the sepal margins. Clematis iliensis is treated as variety of C. alpina ssp. sibirica for the continuous variation of leaf division types. Extensive variations in sepal color and basal caruncle size support degrading Clematis chiisanensis as a variety of Clematis koreana. The North American ser. Occientales may be primitive, whereas ser. Macropetalae may be the most advanced taxon in this section. Ser. Alpinae and ser. Koreanae are closely related to each other. However, the systematic position of ser. Tomentosae cannot be determined based on morphological characters alone in the present study.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.30470139 and 30770166).
文摘The taxonomy of Lepisorus （J. Sm.） Ching sect. Lepisorus in China was revised based on herbarium specimen examinations, field observations, and microscopic study of rhizome scales, soral paraphyses, leaf epidermis, and spores. As a result, nine species were recognized： Lepisorus macrosphaerus （Baker） Ching, Lepisorus asterolepis （Baker） Ching, Lepisorus marginatus Ching, Lepisorus kuchenensis （Y.C. Wu） Ching, Lepisorus megasorus （C. Chr.） Ching, Lepisorus kawakamii （Hayata） Tagawa, Lepisorus subsessilis Ching ＆ Y.X. Lin, Lepisorus affinis Ching, and Lepisorus nudus （Hook.） Ching. Lepisorus kawakamii （Hayata） Tagawa was reinstated; Lepisorus gyirongensis Ching ＆ S.K. Wu and Lepisorus longus Ching were reduced to synonyms ofL. nudus and L. affinis, respectively. The subdivision ofLepisorus macrosphaerus was not accepted. Rhizome scales and paraphyses are the most useful characters for species delimitation as well as for infrageneric classification. Characteristics of the leaf epidermis and spore ornamentation are usually stable and thus of great significance in understanding the relationships among groups within the genus.
基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB31000000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970232)the Technological leading talent project of Yunnan(2017HA014)。
文摘Dryopteris sect.Diclisodon is a small section of ferns with about 12 species mainly distributed in East Asia.Here,we carried out morphological and phylogenetic analyses of this section.A new species from southwest China,D.gaoligongensis,is described and illustrated.Dryopteris gaoligongensis resembles D.indonesiana and D.sparsa,but differs by having a creeping rhizome and large 4-pinnate fronds.We also show that D.glabrior Ching&Z.Y.Liu is a distinct species;however,because it is a later homonym of D.glabrior Copel.,it should be renamed D.renchangiana.We conclude that a species previously known as D.nitidula,also an illegitimate homonym,should be recognized with a new name,D.sinonepalensis.We resolve the phylogenetic position of D.yoroii as sister to other sampled species of D.sect Diclisodon.Our phylogenetic analyses confirm the distinctiveness of D.gaoligongensis,D.renchangiana,and D.sinonepalensis.A key to species of D.sect Diclisodon in China is provided.
文摘Seventeen species, one subspecies and one variety of Dioscorea sect. Stenophora Uline were investi-gated for their phylogenetic relationships based on a sequence analysis of chloroplast matK and rbcL genes and trnL-F intergenic spacer by maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods. The results showed that: (a) sect. Stenophora was a strongly supported monophyletic group; (b) D. rockii, D. membranacea, D. banzhuana, and D. simulans formed a moderately supported monophyletic group, and D. prazeri was weakly supported to be sister to this group; (c) D. althaeoides and D. nipponica ssp. nipponica formed a moderately supported clade, and D. nipponica ssp. rosthornii was not a member of this clade; (d) D. zingiberensis and D. sinoparviflora showed a moderate to strong sister relationship; and (e) D. collettii var. hypoglauca and D. collettii var. collettii were sister to each other, but with only weak support.
文摘In this paper Clematis sect. Aspidanthera s.l. is revised. Seventy_ two species and 15 varieties are recognized. They are keyed, described, and in most cases illustrated, and are classified into six subsections. Of them, on e series, five species, and two varieties are described as new, and two new rank s are proposed. Brief taxonomic history and geographical distribution of the sec tion are given, the evolutionary trends of several important morphological characters observed are e numerated, and the relationships of its subsections are discussed. As a resul t, subsect. Dioicae, which shows striking resemblance in both habit an d floral structure to sect. Clematis subsect. Clematis, is regar ded as t he primitive group, while subsect. Insidiosae, bearing pistillate flower wit h erect sepals and no staminodes, is regarded as the advanced group within the s ection.
文摘The circumscriptions of sections Auganthus Pax ex Balf. f. and Ranunculoides Chen et C. M. Hu in the genus Primula L. have been controversial, due to the different treatments of P. filchnerae Knuth. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis using sequences from the ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. All five species of these two sections and some representatives of other related sections were sampled. The ITS trees show that P. filchnerae could be convincingly placed in sect. Auganthus , together with P. sinensis Sabine ex Lindl. and P. rupestris Balf. f. et Farrer, whereas sect. Ranunculoides contains two species: P. cicutariifolia Pax and P. merrilliana Schltr. These two sections are distantly related and their association with other sections needs further studies. This study also demonstrated that ITS sequences would be a suitable marker for the reconstruction of Primula phylogeny.
文摘To the Editor:Abeleda et al.[1]recently argued in a perspective article that the Philippines should do better in order to achieve its goal of reducing schistosomiasis incidence to zero in humans,animals,and snails by 2025[2,3].The authors appropriately ascribed the need to ramp up surveillance,WASH(water,sanitation,and hygiene),and veterinary efforts.In this letter,I would like to add to the discussion that the key to achieving schistosomiasis elimination may be strengthening the veterinary public health sector and framing mitigation efforts within the One Health lens.Schistosoma(S.)japonicum infection is a zoonotic disease and it affects more than 40 species of animals,including livestock animals like cattle,pigs,and water buffaloes,and pets like dogs[4].In the Philippines,the prevalence of infection in animal reservoirs remains largely unknown in most endemic areas due to the lack of concerted epidemiological efforts unlike what is being done in human hosts.In areas where studies have been done,infection rates are from less than 10%to 97%in water buffaloes tested[5-7].Indeed,as Abeleda et al.[1]argued,there is a need to do better on this front.
