Disseminated signet ring cell carcinomas frequently arise from the stomach. However, primaries in the colon and rectum have also been reported. We present a 68 year old lady who presented with a change in her bowel ha...Disseminated signet ring cell carcinomas frequently arise from the stomach. However, primaries in the colon and rectum have also been reported. We present a 68 year old lady who presented with a change in her bowel habit. Colonoscopy showed a stenosing rectal tumour at 7 cm to 8 cm from the anal verge. Multiple scattered ulcers were also noted along the entire length of the colon. Biopsy of the lesions revealed signet ring cell adenocarcinoma. Gastroscopy showed multiple nodules with ulceration over several areas of the stomach which were similar in appearance to the colonic lesions. However, no primary tumour of the stomach was seen. Biopsy of the gastric lesions also showed signet ring cell adenocarcinoma. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealed circumferential tumour at the rectosigmoid junction with possible invasion into the left ischiorectal fossa. The overall picture was that of a primary rectal signet ring cell carcinoma with peritoneal dissemination. The patient was referred for palliative chemotherapy in view of the disseminated disease. In the present report, we discuss this interesting pathological entity and review the role of various histolological techniques in helping to identify the primary tumor.展开更多
On airless bodies such as the Moon and Mercury, secondary craters on the continuous secondaries facies of fresh craters mostly occur in chains and clusters. They have very irregular shapes. Secondaries on the continuo...On airless bodies such as the Moon and Mercury, secondary craters on the continuous secondaries facies of fresh craters mostly occur in chains and clusters. They have very irregular shapes. Secondaries on the continuous secondaries facies of some Martian and Mercurian craters are more isolated from each other in distribution and are more circular in shape, probably due to the effect of target properties on the impact excavation process. This paper studies secondaries on the continuous secondaries facies of all fresh lunar complex craters using recently-obtained high resolution images. After a global search, we find that 3 impact craters and basins on the Moon have circular and isolated secondaries on the continuous secondaries facies similar to those on Mercury： the Orientale basin, the Antoniadi crater, and the Compton crater. The morphological differences between such special secondaries and typical lunar secondaries are quantitatively compared and analyzed. Our preliminary analyses suggest that the special secondaries were probably caused by high temperature gradients within the local targets when these craters and basins formed. The high-temperature of the targets could have affected the impact excavation process by causing higher ejection angles, giving rise to more scattered circular secondaries.展开更多
Dissimilar AZ31B magnesium alloy and DC56D steel were welded via AA1060 aluminum alloy by magnetic pulse welding.The effects of primary and secondary welding processes on the welded interface were comparatively invest...Dissimilar AZ31B magnesium alloy and DC56D steel were welded via AA1060 aluminum alloy by magnetic pulse welding.The effects of primary and secondary welding processes on the welded interface were comparatively investigated.Macroscopic morphology,microstructure,and interfacial structure of the joints were analyzed using scanning electron microscope,energy dispersive spectrometer,and X-ray diffractometer(XRD).The results show that magnetic pulse welding of dissimilar Mg/Fe metals is achieved using an Al interlayer,which acts as a bridge for deformation and diffusion.Specifically,the AZ31B/AA1060 interface exhibits a typical wavy morphology,and a transition zone exists at the joint interface,which may result in an extremely complex microstructure.The microstructure of this transition zone differs from that of AZ31B magnesium and 1060 Al alloys,and it is identified as brittle intermetallic compounds(IMCs)Al_(3)Mg_(2) and Al_(12)Mg_(17).The transition zone is mainly distributed on the Al side,with the maximum thickness of Al-side transition layer reaching approximately 13.53μm.Incomplete melting layers with varying thicknesses are observed at the primary weld interface,while micron-sized hole defects appear in the transition zone of the secondary weld interface.The AA1060/DC56D interface is mainly straight,with only a small number of discontinuous transition zones distributed intermittently along the interface.These transition zones are characterized by the presence of the brittle IMC FeAl_(3),with a maximum thickness of about 4μm.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the etiology and clinical characteristics of hospitalized secondary glaucoma(SG)patients in northwestern China.METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted involving SG patients hospitalized betwee...AIM:To investigate the etiology and clinical characteristics of hospitalized secondary glaucoma(SG)patients in northwestern China.METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted involving SG patients hospitalized between July 2024 and January 2025.Clinical data were collected,including medical history,best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),slit-lamp examination,gonioscopic findings,and fundus examination.Demographic characteristics,etiological factors,and treatment modalities were analyzed.RESULTS:A total of 67 patients(82 eyes)were enrolled,aged 7 to 90y.Males accounted for 54.0%(36/67),and 22.4%(15/67)of patients had bilateral involvement.The predominant etiologies of SG were neovascular glaucoma(NVG;25.4%),traumatic glaucoma(23.9%),uveitic glaucoma(20.9%),and lens-induced glaucoma(14.9%),collectively accounting for 85.1%of all cases.The peak age-specific incidence occurred in the 50-59 years age group(32.8%,22/67),while NVG was prevalent across the 40-79 years age range.IOP of the 82 affected eyes was stratified into five severity tiers:22-29 mm Hg(15 eyes,18.3%),30-39 mm Hg(14 eyes,17.1%),40-49 mm Hg(13 eyes,15.9%),50-59 mm Hg(20 eyes,24.4%),and≥60 mm Hg(20 eyes,24.4%).The overall mean IOP was 45.2±12.3 mm Hg,indicating a significant pathological elevation.Surgical intervention was required in 46.3%of cases,predominantly for NVG,lensinduced glaucoma,and traumatic glaucoma—conditions prone to rapid IOP elevation.The etiologies with the highest surgical intervention rates were malignant glaucoma,pigmentary glaucoma,lens-induced glaucoma,and NVG.In contrast,uveitic glaucoma cases were primarily managed with targeted anti-inflammatory therapy,which effectively controlled IOP in the early disease stages and potentially obviated the need for surgery.CONCLUSION:This study identifies NVG,traumatic glaucoma,uveitic glaucoma,and lens-induced glaucoma as the four leading etiologies of SG in Northwestern China.These findings emphasize the critical need for targeted prevention strategies and evidence-based health education programs among high-risk populations.Implementation of such initiatives will improve early detection,enable ophthalmologists to deliver timely therapeutic interventions,and ultimately reduce preventable vision loss in this region.展开更多
This study investigates the width of the secondary eyewall(SE)immediately following its formation in tropical cyclones with surface environmental winds aligned and counter-aligned with environmental vertical wind shea...This study investigates the width of the secondary eyewall(SE)immediately following its formation in tropical cyclones with surface environmental winds aligned and counter-aligned with environmental vertical wind shear(VWS),using idealized numerical experiments.Results reveal that the SE develops greater radial extent when surface winds align with VWS compared to counter-aligned conditions.In alignment configurations,shear-enhanced surface winds on the right flank amplify surface enthalpy fluxes,thereby elevating boundary-layer entropy within the downshear outer-core region.Subsequently,more vigorous outer rainbands develop,inducing marked acceleration of tangential winds in the outer core preceding SE formation.The resultant radial expansion of supergradient winds near the boundary-layer top triggers widespread convective activity immediately beyond the inner core.Progressive axisymmetrization of this convective forcing ultimately generates an expansive SE structure.展开更多
Mitophagy is closely associated with the pathogenesis of secondary spinal cord injury.Abnormal mitophagy may contribute significantly to secondary spinal cord injury,leading to the impaired production of adenosine tri...Mitophagy is closely associated with the pathogenesis of secondary spinal cord injury.Abnormal mitophagy may contribute significantly to secondary spinal cord injury,leading to the impaired production of adenosine triphosphate,ion imbalance,the excessive production of reactive oxygen species,neuroinflammation,and neuronal cell death.Therefore,maintaining an appropriate balance of mitophagy is crucial when treating spinal cord injury,as both excessive and insufficient mitophagy can impede recovery.In this review,we summarize the pathological changes associated with spinal cord injury,the mechanisms of mitophagy,and the direct and indirect relationships between mitophagy and spinal cord injury.We also consider therapeutic approaches that target mitophagy for the treatment of spinal cord injury,including ongoing clinical trials and other innovative therapies,such as use of stem cells,nanomaterials,and small molecule polymers.Finally,we highlight the current challenges facing this field and suggest potential directions for future research.The aim of our review is to provide a theoretical reference for future studies targeting mitophagy in the treatment of spinal cord injury.展开更多
The primary mechanism of secondary injury after cerebral ischemia may be the brain inflammation that emerges after an ischemic stroke,which promotes neuronal death and inhibits nerve tissue regeneration.As the first i...The primary mechanism of secondary injury after cerebral ischemia may be the brain inflammation that emerges after an ischemic stroke,which promotes neuronal death and inhibits nerve tissue regeneration.As the first immune cells to be activated after an ischemic stroke,microglia play an important immunomodulatory role in the progression of the condition.After an ischemic stroke,peripheral blood immune cells(mainly T cells)are recruited to the central nervous system by chemokines secreted by immune cells in the brain,where they interact with central nervous system cells(mainly microglia)to trigger a secondary neuroimmune response.This review summarizes the interactions between T cells and microglia in the immune-inflammatory processes of ischemic stroke.We found that,during ischemic stroke,T cells and microglia demonstrate a more pronounced synergistic effect.Th1,Th17,and M1 microglia can co-secrete proinflammatory factors,such as interferon-γ,tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1β,to promote neuroinflammation and exacerbate brain injury.Th2,Treg,and M2 microglia jointly secrete anti-inflammatory factors,such as interleukin-4,interleukin-10,and transforming growth factor-β,to inhibit the progression of neuroinflammation,as well as growth factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor to promote nerve regeneration and repair brain injury.Immune interactions between microglia and T cells influence the direction of the subsequent neuroinflammation,which in turn determines the prognosis of ischemic stroke patients.Clinical trials have been conducted on the ways to modulate the interactions between T cells and microglia toward anti-inflammatory communication using the immunosuppressant fingolimod or overdosing with Treg cells to promote neural tissue repair and reduce the damage caused by ischemic stroke.However,such studies have been relatively infrequent,and clinical experience is still insufficient.In summary,in ischemic stroke,T cell subsets and activated microglia act synergistically to regulate inflammatory progression,mainly by secreting inflammatory factors.In the future,a key research direction for ischemic stroke treatment could be rooted in the enhancement of anti-inflammatory factor secretion by promoting the generation of Th2 and Treg cells,along with the activation of M2-type microglia.These approaches may alleviate neuroinflammation and facilitate the repair of neural tissues.展开更多
BACKGROUND Rebleeding after recovery from esophagogastric variceal bleeding(EGVB)is a severe complication that is associated with high rates of both incidence and mortality.Despite its clinical importance,recognized p...BACKGROUND Rebleeding after recovery from esophagogastric variceal bleeding(EGVB)is a severe complication that is associated with high rates of both incidence and mortality.Despite its clinical importance,recognized prognostic models that can effectively predict esophagogastric variceal rebleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis are lacking.AIM To construct and externally validate a reliable prognostic model for predicting the occurrence of esophagogastric variceal rebleeding.METHODS This study included 477 EGVB patients across 2 cohorts:The derivation cohort(n=322)and the validation cohort(n=155).The primary outcome was rebleeding events within 1 year.The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator was applied for predictor selection,and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to construct the prognostic model.Internal validation was performed with bootstrap resampling.We assessed the discrimination,calibration and accuracy of the model,and performed patient risk stratification.RESULTS Six predictors,including albumin and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations,white blood cell count,and the presence of ascites,portal vein thrombosis,and bleeding signs,were selected for the rebleeding event prediction following endoscopic treatment(REPET)model.In predicting rebleeding within 1 year,the REPET model ex-hibited a concordance index of 0.775 and a Brier score of 0.143 in the derivation cohort,alongside 0.862 and 0.127 in the validation cohort.Furthermore,the REPET model revealed a significant difference in rebleeding rates(P<0.01)between low-risk patients and intermediate-to high-risk patients in both cohorts.CONCLUSION We constructed and validated a new prognostic model for variceal rebleeding with excellent predictive per-formance,which will improve the clinical management of rebleeding in EGVB patients.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are the most popular energy storage devices due to their high energy density,high operating voltage,and long cycle life.However,green and effective recycling methods are needed because LIBs ...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are the most popular energy storage devices due to their high energy density,high operating voltage,and long cycle life.However,green and effective recycling methods are needed because LIBs contain heavy metals such as Co,Ni,and Mn and organic compounds inside,which seriously threaten human health and the environment.In this work,we review the current status of spent LIB recycling,discuss the traditional pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical recovery processes,and summarize the existing short-process recovery technologies such as salt-assisted roasting,flotation processes,and direct recycling.Finally,we analyze the problems and potential research prospects of the current recycling process,and point out that the multidisciplinary integration of recycling will become the mainstream technology for the development of spent LIBs.展开更多
The number of secondary feathers varies among orders of birds with some orders exhibiting a positive relationship with ulna length,whereas in other orders secondary number is invariant.This difference has implications...The number of secondary feathers varies among orders of birds with some orders exhibiting a positive relationship with ulna length,whereas in other orders secondary number is invariant.This difference has implications for scaling of the width of the feather vane within orders.In those species where the number of secondary remiges is invariant with ulna length,vane width should scale isometrically with ulna size to maintain an aerodynamic flight surface.Where feather count increases with increasing ulna length then vane width should exhibit negative allometry.Vane length should also correlate with ulna length,irrespective of the number of feathers.Data were compiled from an online library of images for the vane length and the width of the vane at 50%of the vane length for the fifth secondary feather for 209 bird species from 24 different orders.The results supported the hypotheses that vane width is a function of ulna size,and the number of secondary feathers as associated with different orders.Vane length was unaffected by the number of secondaries but varied between orders.The results suggest that birds have solved the problem of maintaining the aerodynamic surface of the proximal wing in two ways.Hence as ulna length increases the first solution involves more feathers that exhibit negative allometry for vane width,or in the second where feather count doesn't change,the vane width simply scales isometrically.The implications for the mechanical properties of the vane,and how it affects wing function,have not yet been explored in a range of birds.展开更多
Investigating the combined effects of mining damage and creep damage on slope stability is crucial,as it can comprehensively reveal the non-linear deformation characteristics of rock under their joint influence.This s...Investigating the combined effects of mining damage and creep damage on slope stability is crucial,as it can comprehensively reveal the non-linear deformation characteristics of rock under their joint influence.This study develops a fractional-order nonlinear creep constitutive model that incorporates the double damage effect and implements a non-linear creep subroutine for soft rock using the threedimensional finite difference method on the FLAC3D platform.Comparative analysis of the theoretical,numerical,and experimental results reveals that the fractional-order constitutive model,which incorporates the double damage effect,accurately reflects the distinct deformation stages of green mudstone during creep failure and effectively captures the non-linear deformation in the accelerated creep phase.The numerical results show a fitting accuracy exceeding 97%with the creep test curves,significantly outperforming the 61%accuracy of traditional creep models.展开更多
Background Necrotic enteritis(NE)can cause intestinal barrier dysfunction in broilers,leading to secondary liver injury(SLI).In this process,the gut-liver axis plays a crucial role.Lonicerae flos and turmeric extracts...Background Necrotic enteritis(NE)can cause intestinal barrier dysfunction in broilers,leading to secondary liver injury(SLI).In this process,the gut-liver axis plays a crucial role.Lonicerae flos and turmeric extracts(LTE),containing chlorogenic acid and curcumin,have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory,and antioxidant properties.Based on these potential biological benefits,this study aims to investigate the reparative effects of LTE on the intestinal barrier dysfunction in NE-infected broilers and assess its therapeutic efficacy in alleviating SLI.By elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of LTE on gut-liver axis health,this research provides new insights into the prevention and treatment of NE in broilers.Results LTE improved body weight and average daily gain while reducing intestinal lesion scores,coccidia oocysts,and Clostridium perfringens counts in NE broilers(P<0.05).LTE enhanced intestinal morphology and up-regulated the expression of tight junction protein genes(CLDN1,TJP1)and MUC2,suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine and myeloperoxidase(MPO)levels,and minimized endotoxin(ET)accumulation in NE broilers(P<0.05).Furthermore,LTE alleviated oxidative stress in ileal cells and protected mitochondrial structure and function in NE broilers.NE infection induced intestinal permeability in broilers,leading to increased serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and intestinal-derived endotoxin levels,which caused liver damage.LTE significantly reduced liver pathologic damage,pro-inflammatory cytokine levels,aspartate transaminase,alanine aminotransferase,and ROS levels in NE broilers(P<0.05).Additionally,16S rRNA sequencing revealed that NE significantly increased the relative abundance of Barnesiella and decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroidota,Desulfobacterota and Bacteroides in the cecum of broilers.LTE enhanced intestinal microbiota diversity and reduced the segregation of intestinal microbiota induced by NE infection.Conclusions In summary,LTE can alleviate NE and SLI by modulating the microbiota,inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress,and ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction,thereby enhancing gut-liver axis health and growth performance.展开更多
Frequent glacier-related watershed geohazard chains are causing severe damage to life and infrastructure,reported consistently from the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis.This paper presents a systematic method for researchin...Frequent glacier-related watershed geohazard chains are causing severe damage to life and infrastructure,reported consistently from the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis.This paper presents a systematic method for researching geohazard,from regional to individual scale.The methodology includes the establishment of geological chain inventories,discrimination of geohazard chain modes,analyses of dynamics and dam breaches,and risk assessments.The following results were obtained:(1)In the downstream of Yarlung Zangbo River,175 sites were identified as high-risk for river blockage disasters,indicating the development of watershed geohazards.Five geohazard chain modes were summarized by incorporating geomorphological characteristics,historical events,landslide zoning,and materials.The risk areas of typical hazard were identified and assessed using InSAR data.(2)Glacier-related watershed geohazard chains are significantly different from traditional landslides.A detailed inversion analysis was conducted on the massive rock-ice avalanche in the Sedongpu gully in 2021.This particular event lasted roughly 300 seconds,with a maximum flow velocity of 77.2 m/s and a maximum flow height of 93 meters.By scrutinizing the dynamic processes and mechanical characteristics,mobility stages and phase transitions can be divided into four stages.(3)Watershed geohazard chains tend to block rivers.The peak breach discharge of the Yigong Landslide reached 12.4×10^(4) m^(3)/s,which is 36 times the volume of the seasonal flood discharge in the Yigong River.Megafloods caused by landslide dam breaches have significantly shaped the geomorphology.This study offers insights into disaster patterns and the multistaged movement characteristics of glacier-related watershed geohazard chains,providing a comprehensive method for investigations and assessments in glacial regions.展开更多
Over the past decades,the expansion of natu-ral secondary forests has played a crucial role in offsetting the loss of primary forests and combating climate change.Despite this,there is a gap in our understanding of ho...Over the past decades,the expansion of natu-ral secondary forests has played a crucial role in offsetting the loss of primary forests and combating climate change.Despite this,there is a gap in our understanding of how tree species’growth and mortality patterns vary with eleva-tion in these secondary forests.In this study,we analyzed data from two censuses(spanning a five-year interval)conducted in both evergreen broadleaved forests(EBF)and temperate coniferous forests(TCF),which have been recovering for half a century,across elevation gradients in a subtropical mountain region,Mount Wuyi,China.The results indicated that the relative growth rate(RGR)of EBF(0.028±0.001 cm·cm^(-1)·a^(-1))and the mortality rate(MR)(20.03%±1.70%)were 27.3%and 16.4%higher,respec-tively,than those of TCF.Interestingly,the trade-off between RGR and MR in EBF weakened as elevation increased,a trend not observed in TCF.Conversely,TCF consistently showed a stronger trade-off between RGR and MR compared to EBF.Generalized linear mixed models revealed that ele-vation influences RGR both directly and indirectly through its interactions with slope,crown competition index(CCI),and tree canopy height(CH).However,tree mortality did not show a significant correlation with elevation.Additionally,DBH significantly influenced both tree growth and mortal-ity,whereas and CH and CCI had opposite effects on tree growth between EBF and TCF.Our study underscores the importance of elevation in shaping the population dynamics and the biomass carbon sink balance of mountain forests.These insights enhance our understanding of tree species’life strategies,enabling more accurate predictions of forest dynamics and their response to environmental changes.展开更多
Grain-oriented silicon steels were prepared at different heating rates during high temperature annealing,in which the evolution of magnetic properties,grain orientations and precipitates were studied.To illustrate the...Grain-oriented silicon steels were prepared at different heating rates during high temperature annealing,in which the evolution of magnetic properties,grain orientations and precipitates were studied.To illustrate the Zener factor,the diameter and number density of precipitates of interrupted testing samples were statistically calculated.The effect of precipitate ripening on the Goss texture and magnetic property was investigated.Data indicated that the trend of Zener factor was similar under different heating rates,first increasing and then decreasing,and that the precipitate maturing was greatly inhibited as the heating rate increased.Secondary recrystallization was developed at the temperature of 1010℃when a heating rate of 5℃/h was used,resulting in Goss,Brass and{110}<227>oriented grains growing abnormally and a magnetic induction intensity of 1.90T.Furthermore,increasing the heating rate to 20℃/h would inhibit the development of undesirable oriented grains and obtain a sharp Goss texture.However,when the heating rate was extremely fast,such as 40℃/h,poor secondary recrystallization was developed with many island grains,corresponding to a decrease in magnetic induction intensity to 1.87 T.At a suitable heating rate of 20℃/h,the sharpest Goss texture and the highest magnetic induction of 1.94 T with an onset secondary recrystallization temperature of 1020℃were found among the experimental variables in this study.The heating rate affected the initial temperature of secondary recrystallization by controlling the maturation of precipitates,leading to the deviation and dispersion of Goss texture,thereby reducing the magnetic properties.展开更多
This manuscript features the promising findings of a study conducted by Ju et al,who used graphene nanocomposites for air disinfection in dental clinics.Their study demonstrated that,compared with conventional filters...This manuscript features the promising findings of a study conducted by Ju et al,who used graphene nanocomposites for air disinfection in dental clinics.Their study demonstrated that,compared with conventional filters,graphene nanocom-posites substantially improved air quality and reduced microbial contamination.This manuscript highlights the innovative application of graphene materials,emphasizing their potential to enhance dental clinic environments by minimizing secondary pollution.On the basis of the unique antimicrobial properties of gra-phene and the original study’s rigorous methodology,we recommend using gra-phene nanocomposites in clinical settings to control airborne infections.展开更多
The article"Secondary diabetes due to different etiologies:Four case reports"by Song et al,published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases,delves into the identi-fication of rare causes of secondary diabete...The article"Secondary diabetes due to different etiologies:Four case reports"by Song et al,published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases,delves into the identi-fication of rare causes of secondary diabetes and emphasizes the necessity for healthcare professionals to recognize these conditions.Failure to do so can result in treatment delays and compromised patient outcomes.The article discusses spe-cific types of diabetes,including maturity onset of diabetes in young,pancreas-related diseases,endocrinopathies,drug-induced diabetes,infections,and con-genital genetic syndromes associated with diabetes mellitus.Case summaries highlight how patients with secondary diabetes,stemming from conditions such as Williams-Beuren syndrome and pituitary adenoma,often exhibit distinct characteristics overlooked in clinical practice.The authors stress the importance of a holistic diagnostic approach and advocate for proactive management through early intervention,including genetic tests and antibody detection.Increased awa-reness and education are crucial for timely identification and proper management,ultimately improving patient well-being.These findings prompt a call to action for healthcare professionals to consider rare causes of secondary diabetes,facili-tating better glycemic control and overall patient care.展开更多
Intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)is a common severe emergency in neurosurgery,causing tremendous economic pressure on families and society and devastating effects on patients both physically and psychologically,especially...Intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)is a common severe emergency in neurosurgery,causing tremendous economic pressure on families and society and devastating effects on patients both physically and psychologically,especially among patients with poor functional outcomes.ICH is often accompanied by decreased consciousness and limb dysfunction.This seriously affects patients’ability to live independently.Although rapid advances in neurosurgery have greatly improved patient survival,there remains insufficient evidence that surgical treatment significantly improves long-term outcomes.With in-depth pathophysiological studies after ICH,increasing evidence has shown that secondary injury after ICH is related to long-term prognosis and that the key to secondary injury is various immune-mediated neuroinflammatory reactions after ICH.In basic and clinical studies of various systemic inflammatory diseases,triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1/2(TREM-1/2),and the TREM receptor family is closely related to the inflammatory response.Various inflammatory diseases can be upregulated and downregulated through receptor intervention.How the TREM receptor functions after ICH,the types of results from intervention,and whether the outcomes can improve secondary brain injury and the long-term prognosis of patients are unknown.An analysis of relevant research results from basic and clinical trials revealed that the inhibition of TREM-1 and the activation of TREM-2 can alleviate the neuroinflammatory immune response,significantly improve the long-term prognosis of neurological function in patients with cerebral hemorrhage,and thus improve the ability of patients to live independently.展开更多
A new alkaloid,diacedolinate(1),along with fourteen known compounds(2-15)was isolated from the sponge associated fungus Penicillium crustosum SCSIO 41442.The structures of these compounds were determined by spectrum a...A new alkaloid,diacedolinate(1),along with fourteen known compounds(2-15)was isolated from the sponge associated fungus Penicillium crustosum SCSIO 41442.The structures of these compounds were determined by spectrum analysis and ECD.All compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.The results showed that compound 1 exhibited weak antioxidant activity with an IC_(50)value of(71.00±0.14)μg·mL^(−1),while compound 2,in contrast,displayed broad antioxidant activity with an IC_(50)value of(1.25±0.10)μg·mL^(−1),compared with the positive control,vitamin C.In addition,compounds 9,10,11,and 15 demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against a variety of pathogens,including MRSA,Colletotrichum asianum HNM 408,Colletotrichum acutatum HNM RC178,and Alternaria alternate,with MIC values ranging from 2.5 to 160μg·mL^(−1).The bioactivities of these compounds are reported here for the first time.展开更多
The mechanical properties of secondary cells are crucial to the safety and reliability of battery packs,which can fail due to extrusion and vibration in a vehicle crash.To analyze the structural response of the second...The mechanical properties of secondary cells are crucial to the safety and reliability of battery packs,which can fail due to extrusion and vibration in a vehicle crash.To analyze the structural response of the secondary cell and its other dynamic behaviors,the experiment and some numerical simulations were carried out based on single reference impact testing.Then,an equivalent constitutive relationship of the secondary cell was proposed to reveal the dynamic properties and used to guide the safety estimation of the battery pack.As the input parameter to the finite element model,the equivalent constitutive relationship,including but not limited to the elastic modulus and stain-stress curve,determines the simulation precision of the battery packs.Compared to the experimental results of the natural frequency of the battery pack,the simulation error is below 2%when the elastic modulus of the secondary cell in the battery pack has been verified.展开更多
文摘Disseminated signet ring cell carcinomas frequently arise from the stomach. However, primaries in the colon and rectum have also been reported. We present a 68 year old lady who presented with a change in her bowel habit. Colonoscopy showed a stenosing rectal tumour at 7 cm to 8 cm from the anal verge. Multiple scattered ulcers were also noted along the entire length of the colon. Biopsy of the lesions revealed signet ring cell adenocarcinoma. Gastroscopy showed multiple nodules with ulceration over several areas of the stomach which were similar in appearance to the colonic lesions. However, no primary tumour of the stomach was seen. Biopsy of the gastric lesions also showed signet ring cell adenocarcinoma. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealed circumferential tumour at the rectosigmoid junction with possible invasion into the left ischiorectal fossa. The overall picture was that of a primary rectal signet ring cell carcinoma with peritoneal dissemination. The patient was referred for palliative chemotherapy in view of the disseminated disease. In the present report, we discuss this interesting pathological entity and review the role of various histolological techniques in helping to identify the primary tumor.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41403053, J1210043)fund CUG130106 of China University of Geosciences (Wuhan)
文摘On airless bodies such as the Moon and Mercury, secondary craters on the continuous secondaries facies of fresh craters mostly occur in chains and clusters. They have very irregular shapes. Secondaries on the continuous secondaries facies of some Martian and Mercurian craters are more isolated from each other in distribution and are more circular in shape, probably due to the effect of target properties on the impact excavation process. This paper studies secondaries on the continuous secondaries facies of all fresh lunar complex craters using recently-obtained high resolution images. After a global search, we find that 3 impact craters and basins on the Moon have circular and isolated secondaries on the continuous secondaries facies similar to those on Mercury： the Orientale basin, the Antoniadi crater, and the Compton crater. The morphological differences between such special secondaries and typical lunar secondaries are quantitatively compared and analyzed. Our preliminary analyses suggest that the special secondaries were probably caused by high temperature gradients within the local targets when these craters and basins formed. The high-temperature of the targets could have affected the impact excavation process by causing higher ejection angles, giving rise to more scattered circular secondaries.
文摘Dissimilar AZ31B magnesium alloy and DC56D steel were welded via AA1060 aluminum alloy by magnetic pulse welding.The effects of primary and secondary welding processes on the welded interface were comparatively investigated.Macroscopic morphology,microstructure,and interfacial structure of the joints were analyzed using scanning electron microscope,energy dispersive spectrometer,and X-ray diffractometer(XRD).The results show that magnetic pulse welding of dissimilar Mg/Fe metals is achieved using an Al interlayer,which acts as a bridge for deformation and diffusion.Specifically,the AZ31B/AA1060 interface exhibits a typical wavy morphology,and a transition zone exists at the joint interface,which may result in an extremely complex microstructure.The microstructure of this transition zone differs from that of AZ31B magnesium and 1060 Al alloys,and it is identified as brittle intermetallic compounds(IMCs)Al_(3)Mg_(2) and Al_(12)Mg_(17).The transition zone is mainly distributed on the Al side,with the maximum thickness of Al-side transition layer reaching approximately 13.53μm.Incomplete melting layers with varying thicknesses are observed at the primary weld interface,while micron-sized hole defects appear in the transition zone of the secondary weld interface.The AA1060/DC56D interface is mainly straight,with only a small number of discontinuous transition zones distributed intermittently along the interface.These transition zones are characterized by the presence of the brittle IMC FeAl_(3),with a maximum thickness of about 4μm.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82070964,No.82571210)Shaanxi Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.2022JC-60)+3 种基金the International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Projects(No.2024GH-YBXM-20)the Open Research Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology(No.83000-32030002)Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government for Youth Innovation Team Research Program Project(No.23JP151,No.23JP150)General Projects of Hospital-level Research Topics in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University(No.22KY0111).
文摘AIM:To investigate the etiology and clinical characteristics of hospitalized secondary glaucoma(SG)patients in northwestern China.METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted involving SG patients hospitalized between July 2024 and January 2025.Clinical data were collected,including medical history,best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),slit-lamp examination,gonioscopic findings,and fundus examination.Demographic characteristics,etiological factors,and treatment modalities were analyzed.RESULTS:A total of 67 patients(82 eyes)were enrolled,aged 7 to 90y.Males accounted for 54.0%(36/67),and 22.4%(15/67)of patients had bilateral involvement.The predominant etiologies of SG were neovascular glaucoma(NVG;25.4%),traumatic glaucoma(23.9%),uveitic glaucoma(20.9%),and lens-induced glaucoma(14.9%),collectively accounting for 85.1%of all cases.The peak age-specific incidence occurred in the 50-59 years age group(32.8%,22/67),while NVG was prevalent across the 40-79 years age range.IOP of the 82 affected eyes was stratified into five severity tiers:22-29 mm Hg(15 eyes,18.3%),30-39 mm Hg(14 eyes,17.1%),40-49 mm Hg(13 eyes,15.9%),50-59 mm Hg(20 eyes,24.4%),and≥60 mm Hg(20 eyes,24.4%).The overall mean IOP was 45.2±12.3 mm Hg,indicating a significant pathological elevation.Surgical intervention was required in 46.3%of cases,predominantly for NVG,lensinduced glaucoma,and traumatic glaucoma—conditions prone to rapid IOP elevation.The etiologies with the highest surgical intervention rates were malignant glaucoma,pigmentary glaucoma,lens-induced glaucoma,and NVG.In contrast,uveitic glaucoma cases were primarily managed with targeted anti-inflammatory therapy,which effectively controlled IOP in the early disease stages and potentially obviated the need for surgery.CONCLUSION:This study identifies NVG,traumatic glaucoma,uveitic glaucoma,and lens-induced glaucoma as the four leading etiologies of SG in Northwestern China.These findings emphasize the critical need for targeted prevention strategies and evidence-based health education programs among high-risk populations.Implementation of such initiatives will improve early detection,enable ophthalmologists to deliver timely therapeutic interventions,and ultimately reduce preventable vision loss in this region.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers U2342202,42175005,and 42175016]the Qing Lan Project[grant number R2023Q06]。
文摘This study investigates the width of the secondary eyewall(SE)immediately following its formation in tropical cyclones with surface environmental winds aligned and counter-aligned with environmental vertical wind shear(VWS),using idealized numerical experiments.Results reveal that the SE develops greater radial extent when surface winds align with VWS compared to counter-aligned conditions.In alignment configurations,shear-enhanced surface winds on the right flank amplify surface enthalpy fluxes,thereby elevating boundary-layer entropy within the downshear outer-core region.Subsequently,more vigorous outer rainbands develop,inducing marked acceleration of tangential winds in the outer core preceding SE formation.The resultant radial expansion of supergradient winds near the boundary-layer top triggers widespread convective activity immediately beyond the inner core.Progressive axisymmetrization of this convective forcing ultimately generates an expansive SE structure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82371389,82071382(to MZ)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,PAPD(to MZ)+4 种基金Jiangsu Maternal and Child Health Research Key Project,No.F202013(to HS)Jiangsu 333 High Level Talent Training Project,2022(to HS)Gusu District Health Talent Training Project,No.2024145(to HS)Suzhou BenQ Medical Center Project,No.H220918(to MZ)Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship,Soochow University,No.202410285091Z(to MZ)。
文摘Mitophagy is closely associated with the pathogenesis of secondary spinal cord injury.Abnormal mitophagy may contribute significantly to secondary spinal cord injury,leading to the impaired production of adenosine triphosphate,ion imbalance,the excessive production of reactive oxygen species,neuroinflammation,and neuronal cell death.Therefore,maintaining an appropriate balance of mitophagy is crucial when treating spinal cord injury,as both excessive and insufficient mitophagy can impede recovery.In this review,we summarize the pathological changes associated with spinal cord injury,the mechanisms of mitophagy,and the direct and indirect relationships between mitophagy and spinal cord injury.We also consider therapeutic approaches that target mitophagy for the treatment of spinal cord injury,including ongoing clinical trials and other innovative therapies,such as use of stem cells,nanomaterials,and small molecule polymers.Finally,we highlight the current challenges facing this field and suggest potential directions for future research.The aim of our review is to provide a theoretical reference for future studies targeting mitophagy in the treatment of spinal cord injury.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82104560(to CL),U21A20400(to QW)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.7232279(to XW)the Project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,No.2022-JYB-JBZR-004(to XW)。
文摘The primary mechanism of secondary injury after cerebral ischemia may be the brain inflammation that emerges after an ischemic stroke,which promotes neuronal death and inhibits nerve tissue regeneration.As the first immune cells to be activated after an ischemic stroke,microglia play an important immunomodulatory role in the progression of the condition.After an ischemic stroke,peripheral blood immune cells(mainly T cells)are recruited to the central nervous system by chemokines secreted by immune cells in the brain,where they interact with central nervous system cells(mainly microglia)to trigger a secondary neuroimmune response.This review summarizes the interactions between T cells and microglia in the immune-inflammatory processes of ischemic stroke.We found that,during ischemic stroke,T cells and microglia demonstrate a more pronounced synergistic effect.Th1,Th17,and M1 microglia can co-secrete proinflammatory factors,such as interferon-γ,tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1β,to promote neuroinflammation and exacerbate brain injury.Th2,Treg,and M2 microglia jointly secrete anti-inflammatory factors,such as interleukin-4,interleukin-10,and transforming growth factor-β,to inhibit the progression of neuroinflammation,as well as growth factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor to promote nerve regeneration and repair brain injury.Immune interactions between microglia and T cells influence the direction of the subsequent neuroinflammation,which in turn determines the prognosis of ischemic stroke patients.Clinical trials have been conducted on the ways to modulate the interactions between T cells and microglia toward anti-inflammatory communication using the immunosuppressant fingolimod or overdosing with Treg cells to promote neural tissue repair and reduce the damage caused by ischemic stroke.However,such studies have been relatively infrequent,and clinical experience is still insufficient.In summary,in ischemic stroke,T cell subsets and activated microglia act synergistically to regulate inflammatory progression,mainly by secreting inflammatory factors.In the future,a key research direction for ischemic stroke treatment could be rooted in the enhancement of anti-inflammatory factor secretion by promoting the generation of Th2 and Treg cells,along with the activation of M2-type microglia.These approaches may alleviate neuroinflammation and facilitate the repair of neural tissues.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81874390 and No.81573948Shanghai Natural Science Foundation,No.21ZR1464100+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission,No.22S11901700the Shanghai Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine,No.shslczdzk01201.
文摘BACKGROUND Rebleeding after recovery from esophagogastric variceal bleeding(EGVB)is a severe complication that is associated with high rates of both incidence and mortality.Despite its clinical importance,recognized prognostic models that can effectively predict esophagogastric variceal rebleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis are lacking.AIM To construct and externally validate a reliable prognostic model for predicting the occurrence of esophagogastric variceal rebleeding.METHODS This study included 477 EGVB patients across 2 cohorts:The derivation cohort(n=322)and the validation cohort(n=155).The primary outcome was rebleeding events within 1 year.The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator was applied for predictor selection,and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to construct the prognostic model.Internal validation was performed with bootstrap resampling.We assessed the discrimination,calibration and accuracy of the model,and performed patient risk stratification.RESULTS Six predictors,including albumin and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations,white blood cell count,and the presence of ascites,portal vein thrombosis,and bleeding signs,were selected for the rebleeding event prediction following endoscopic treatment(REPET)model.In predicting rebleeding within 1 year,the REPET model ex-hibited a concordance index of 0.775 and a Brier score of 0.143 in the derivation cohort,alongside 0.862 and 0.127 in the validation cohort.Furthermore,the REPET model revealed a significant difference in rebleeding rates(P<0.01)between low-risk patients and intermediate-to high-risk patients in both cohorts.CONCLUSION We constructed and validated a new prognostic model for variceal rebleeding with excellent predictive per-formance,which will improve the clinical management of rebleeding in EGVB patients.
基金financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52374293)Zhongyuan Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Project,China(No.224200510025)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China(No.2022RC1123)One of the authors,Hong-bo ZENG,gratefully acknowledges the support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)and the Canada Research Chairs Program.
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are the most popular energy storage devices due to their high energy density,high operating voltage,and long cycle life.However,green and effective recycling methods are needed because LIBs contain heavy metals such as Co,Ni,and Mn and organic compounds inside,which seriously threaten human health and the environment.In this work,we review the current status of spent LIB recycling,discuss the traditional pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical recovery processes,and summarize the existing short-process recovery technologies such as salt-assisted roasting,flotation processes,and direct recycling.Finally,we analyze the problems and potential research prospects of the current recycling process,and point out that the multidisciplinary integration of recycling will become the mainstream technology for the development of spent LIBs.
文摘The number of secondary feathers varies among orders of birds with some orders exhibiting a positive relationship with ulna length,whereas in other orders secondary number is invariant.This difference has implications for scaling of the width of the feather vane within orders.In those species where the number of secondary remiges is invariant with ulna length,vane width should scale isometrically with ulna size to maintain an aerodynamic flight surface.Where feather count increases with increasing ulna length then vane width should exhibit negative allometry.Vane length should also correlate with ulna length,irrespective of the number of feathers.Data were compiled from an online library of images for the vane length and the width of the vane at 50%of the vane length for the fifth secondary feather for 209 bird species from 24 different orders.The results supported the hypotheses that vane width is a function of ulna size,and the number of secondary feathers as associated with different orders.Vane length was unaffected by the number of secondaries but varied between orders.The results suggest that birds have solved the problem of maintaining the aerodynamic surface of the proximal wing in two ways.Hence as ulna length increases the first solution involves more feathers that exhibit negative allometry for vane width,or in the second where feather count doesn't change,the vane width simply scales isometrically.The implications for the mechanical properties of the vane,and how it affects wing function,have not yet been explored in a range of birds.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52308316)the Scientific Research Foundation of Weifang University(Grant No.2024BS42)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M721885)the Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics and Geohazards of Zhejiang Province(No.ZJRMG-2022-01)supported by Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(NO.SKLGME023017).
文摘Investigating the combined effects of mining damage and creep damage on slope stability is crucial,as it can comprehensively reveal the non-linear deformation characteristics of rock under their joint influence.This study develops a fractional-order nonlinear creep constitutive model that incorporates the double damage effect and implements a non-linear creep subroutine for soft rock using the threedimensional finite difference method on the FLAC3D platform.Comparative analysis of the theoretical,numerical,and experimental results reveals that the fractional-order constitutive model,which incorporates the double damage effect,accurately reflects the distinct deformation stages of green mudstone during creep failure and effectively captures the non-linear deformation in the accelerated creep phase.The numerical results show a fitting accuracy exceeding 97%with the creep test curves,significantly outperforming the 61%accuracy of traditional creep models.
基金provided by the precise assessment of the combined toxic effects of major mycotoxins on monogastric animals(2023YFD1301002).
文摘Background Necrotic enteritis(NE)can cause intestinal barrier dysfunction in broilers,leading to secondary liver injury(SLI).In this process,the gut-liver axis plays a crucial role.Lonicerae flos and turmeric extracts(LTE),containing chlorogenic acid and curcumin,have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory,and antioxidant properties.Based on these potential biological benefits,this study aims to investigate the reparative effects of LTE on the intestinal barrier dysfunction in NE-infected broilers and assess its therapeutic efficacy in alleviating SLI.By elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of LTE on gut-liver axis health,this research provides new insights into the prevention and treatment of NE in broilers.Results LTE improved body weight and average daily gain while reducing intestinal lesion scores,coccidia oocysts,and Clostridium perfringens counts in NE broilers(P<0.05).LTE enhanced intestinal morphology and up-regulated the expression of tight junction protein genes(CLDN1,TJP1)and MUC2,suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine and myeloperoxidase(MPO)levels,and minimized endotoxin(ET)accumulation in NE broilers(P<0.05).Furthermore,LTE alleviated oxidative stress in ileal cells and protected mitochondrial structure and function in NE broilers.NE infection induced intestinal permeability in broilers,leading to increased serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and intestinal-derived endotoxin levels,which caused liver damage.LTE significantly reduced liver pathologic damage,pro-inflammatory cytokine levels,aspartate transaminase,alanine aminotransferase,and ROS levels in NE broilers(P<0.05).Additionally,16S rRNA sequencing revealed that NE significantly increased the relative abundance of Barnesiella and decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroidota,Desulfobacterota and Bacteroides in the cecum of broilers.LTE enhanced intestinal microbiota diversity and reduced the segregation of intestinal microbiota induced by NE infection.Conclusions In summary,LTE can alleviate NE and SLI by modulating the microbiota,inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress,and ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction,thereby enhancing gut-liver axis health and growth performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2244227,U2244226,42177172)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3004301)China Geological Survey Project(No.DD20230538)。
文摘Frequent glacier-related watershed geohazard chains are causing severe damage to life and infrastructure,reported consistently from the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis.This paper presents a systematic method for researching geohazard,from regional to individual scale.The methodology includes the establishment of geological chain inventories,discrimination of geohazard chain modes,analyses of dynamics and dam breaches,and risk assessments.The following results were obtained:(1)In the downstream of Yarlung Zangbo River,175 sites were identified as high-risk for river blockage disasters,indicating the development of watershed geohazards.Five geohazard chain modes were summarized by incorporating geomorphological characteristics,historical events,landslide zoning,and materials.The risk areas of typical hazard were identified and assessed using InSAR data.(2)Glacier-related watershed geohazard chains are significantly different from traditional landslides.A detailed inversion analysis was conducted on the massive rock-ice avalanche in the Sedongpu gully in 2021.This particular event lasted roughly 300 seconds,with a maximum flow velocity of 77.2 m/s and a maximum flow height of 93 meters.By scrutinizing the dynamic processes and mechanical characteristics,mobility stages and phase transitions can be divided into four stages.(3)Watershed geohazard chains tend to block rivers.The peak breach discharge of the Yigong Landslide reached 12.4×10^(4) m^(3)/s,which is 36 times the volume of the seasonal flood discharge in the Yigong River.Megafloods caused by landslide dam breaches have significantly shaped the geomorphology.This study offers insights into disaster patterns and the multistaged movement characteristics of glacier-related watershed geohazard chains,providing a comprehensive method for investigations and assessments in glacial regions.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32271872).
文摘Over the past decades,the expansion of natu-ral secondary forests has played a crucial role in offsetting the loss of primary forests and combating climate change.Despite this,there is a gap in our understanding of how tree species’growth and mortality patterns vary with eleva-tion in these secondary forests.In this study,we analyzed data from two censuses(spanning a five-year interval)conducted in both evergreen broadleaved forests(EBF)and temperate coniferous forests(TCF),which have been recovering for half a century,across elevation gradients in a subtropical mountain region,Mount Wuyi,China.The results indicated that the relative growth rate(RGR)of EBF(0.028±0.001 cm·cm^(-1)·a^(-1))and the mortality rate(MR)(20.03%±1.70%)were 27.3%and 16.4%higher,respec-tively,than those of TCF.Interestingly,the trade-off between RGR and MR in EBF weakened as elevation increased,a trend not observed in TCF.Conversely,TCF consistently showed a stronger trade-off between RGR and MR compared to EBF.Generalized linear mixed models revealed that ele-vation influences RGR both directly and indirectly through its interactions with slope,crown competition index(CCI),and tree canopy height(CH).However,tree mortality did not show a significant correlation with elevation.Additionally,DBH significantly influenced both tree growth and mortal-ity,whereas and CH and CCI had opposite effects on tree growth between EBF and TCF.Our study underscores the importance of elevation in shaping the population dynamics and the biomass carbon sink balance of mountain forests.These insights enhance our understanding of tree species’life strategies,enabling more accurate predictions of forest dynamics and their response to environmental changes.
文摘Grain-oriented silicon steels were prepared at different heating rates during high temperature annealing,in which the evolution of magnetic properties,grain orientations and precipitates were studied.To illustrate the Zener factor,the diameter and number density of precipitates of interrupted testing samples were statistically calculated.The effect of precipitate ripening on the Goss texture and magnetic property was investigated.Data indicated that the trend of Zener factor was similar under different heating rates,first increasing and then decreasing,and that the precipitate maturing was greatly inhibited as the heating rate increased.Secondary recrystallization was developed at the temperature of 1010℃when a heating rate of 5℃/h was used,resulting in Goss,Brass and{110}<227>oriented grains growing abnormally and a magnetic induction intensity of 1.90T.Furthermore,increasing the heating rate to 20℃/h would inhibit the development of undesirable oriented grains and obtain a sharp Goss texture.However,when the heating rate was extremely fast,such as 40℃/h,poor secondary recrystallization was developed with many island grains,corresponding to a decrease in magnetic induction intensity to 1.87 T.At a suitable heating rate of 20℃/h,the sharpest Goss texture and the highest magnetic induction of 1.94 T with an onset secondary recrystallization temperature of 1020℃were found among the experimental variables in this study.The heating rate affected the initial temperature of secondary recrystallization by controlling the maturation of precipitates,leading to the deviation and dispersion of Goss texture,thereby reducing the magnetic properties.
文摘This manuscript features the promising findings of a study conducted by Ju et al,who used graphene nanocomposites for air disinfection in dental clinics.Their study demonstrated that,compared with conventional filters,graphene nanocom-posites substantially improved air quality and reduced microbial contamination.This manuscript highlights the innovative application of graphene materials,emphasizing their potential to enhance dental clinic environments by minimizing secondary pollution.On the basis of the unique antimicrobial properties of gra-phene and the original study’s rigorous methodology,we recommend using gra-phene nanocomposites in clinical settings to control airborne infections.
文摘The article"Secondary diabetes due to different etiologies:Four case reports"by Song et al,published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases,delves into the identi-fication of rare causes of secondary diabetes and emphasizes the necessity for healthcare professionals to recognize these conditions.Failure to do so can result in treatment delays and compromised patient outcomes.The article discusses spe-cific types of diabetes,including maturity onset of diabetes in young,pancreas-related diseases,endocrinopathies,drug-induced diabetes,infections,and con-genital genetic syndromes associated with diabetes mellitus.Case summaries highlight how patients with secondary diabetes,stemming from conditions such as Williams-Beuren syndrome and pituitary adenoma,often exhibit distinct characteristics overlooked in clinical practice.The authors stress the importance of a holistic diagnostic approach and advocate for proactive management through early intervention,including genetic tests and antibody detection.Increased awa-reness and education are crucial for timely identification and proper management,ultimately improving patient well-being.These findings prompt a call to action for healthcare professionals to consider rare causes of secondary diabetes,facili-tating better glycemic control and overall patient care.
基金Supported by Shanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Plan Project,No.2020ZDLSF01-02Doctor Foundation of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University,No.X2Y-R11.
文摘Intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)is a common severe emergency in neurosurgery,causing tremendous economic pressure on families and society and devastating effects on patients both physically and psychologically,especially among patients with poor functional outcomes.ICH is often accompanied by decreased consciousness and limb dysfunction.This seriously affects patients’ability to live independently.Although rapid advances in neurosurgery have greatly improved patient survival,there remains insufficient evidence that surgical treatment significantly improves long-term outcomes.With in-depth pathophysiological studies after ICH,increasing evidence has shown that secondary injury after ICH is related to long-term prognosis and that the key to secondary injury is various immune-mediated neuroinflammatory reactions after ICH.In basic and clinical studies of various systemic inflammatory diseases,triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1/2(TREM-1/2),and the TREM receptor family is closely related to the inflammatory response.Various inflammatory diseases can be upregulated and downregulated through receptor intervention.How the TREM receptor functions after ICH,the types of results from intervention,and whether the outcomes can improve secondary brain injury and the long-term prognosis of patients are unknown.An analysis of relevant research results from basic and clinical trials revealed that the inhibition of TREM-1 and the activation of TREM-2 can alleviate the neuroinflammatory immune response,significantly improve the long-term prognosis of neurological function in patients with cerebral hemorrhage,and thus improve the ability of patients to live independently.
文摘A new alkaloid,diacedolinate(1),along with fourteen known compounds(2-15)was isolated from the sponge associated fungus Penicillium crustosum SCSIO 41442.The structures of these compounds were determined by spectrum analysis and ECD.All compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.The results showed that compound 1 exhibited weak antioxidant activity with an IC_(50)value of(71.00±0.14)μg·mL^(−1),while compound 2,in contrast,displayed broad antioxidant activity with an IC_(50)value of(1.25±0.10)μg·mL^(−1),compared with the positive control,vitamin C.In addition,compounds 9,10,11,and 15 demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against a variety of pathogens,including MRSA,Colletotrichum asianum HNM 408,Colletotrichum acutatum HNM RC178,and Alternaria alternate,with MIC values ranging from 2.5 to 160μg·mL^(−1).The bioactivities of these compounds are reported here for the first time.
基金supported by the 2019 Postdoctoral Research Project funded by Hefei Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security and the National key R&D Program of China(2017YFB0102101).
文摘The mechanical properties of secondary cells are crucial to the safety and reliability of battery packs,which can fail due to extrusion and vibration in a vehicle crash.To analyze the structural response of the secondary cell and its other dynamic behaviors,the experiment and some numerical simulations were carried out based on single reference impact testing.Then,an equivalent constitutive relationship of the secondary cell was proposed to reveal the dynamic properties and used to guide the safety estimation of the battery pack.As the input parameter to the finite element model,the equivalent constitutive relationship,including but not limited to the elastic modulus and stain-stress curve,determines the simulation precision of the battery packs.Compared to the experimental results of the natural frequency of the battery pack,the simulation error is below 2%when the elastic modulus of the secondary cell in the battery pack has been verified.
