In the practice of healthcare,patient-reported outcomes(PROs)and PRO measures(PROMs)are used as an attempt to observe the changes in complex clinical situations.They guide us in making decisions based on the evidence ...In the practice of healthcare,patient-reported outcomes(PROs)and PRO measures(PROMs)are used as an attempt to observe the changes in complex clinical situations.They guide us in making decisions based on the evidence regarding patient care by recording the change in outcomes for a particular treatment to a given condition and finally to understand whether a patient will benefit from a particular treatment and to quantify the treatment effect.For any PROM to be usable in health care,we need it to be reliable,encapsulating the points of interest with the potential to detect any real change.Using structured outcome measures routinely in clinical practice helps the physician to understand the functional limitation of a patient that would otherwise not be clear in an office interview,and this allows the physician and patient to have a meaningful conver-sation as well as a customized plan for each patient.Having mentioned the rationale and the benefits of PROMs,understanding the quantification process is crucial before embarking on management decisions.A better interpretation of change needs to identify the treatment effect based on clinical relevance for a given condition.There are a multiple set of measurement indices to serve this effect and most of them are used interchangeably without clear demarcation on their differences.This article details the various quantification metrics used to evaluate the treatment effect using PROMs,their limitations and the scope of usage and implementation in clinical practice.展开更多
A full-scale research study was conducted during the bored tunnelling of the Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit-Putrajaya Line beneath an existing building structure in Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia.The primary objective was to ...A full-scale research study was conducted during the bored tunnelling of the Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit-Putrajaya Line beneath an existing building structure in Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia.The primary objective was to investigate the tunnel-soil-pile interaction at various stages of tunnel excavation.This study combined field measurements and three-dimensional(3D)numerical analysis to understand the transient effects of TBM tunnelling on a loaded pile.An experimental pile was instrumented with vibrating wire strain gauges,an inclinometer,and distributed fibre optic sensors using Brillouin optical time domain analysis.The pile was pre-loaded and continuously monitored in real-time throughout the tunnel construction process.The 3D finite element modelling was used to simulate the pile’s transient responses based on actual tunnel boring machine(TBM)driving data.The study revealed that the zone of influence due to tunnelling effects extended from y¼2D to y¼4D,with the peak effect observed at y¼1D to 1.5D,where D represents the tunnel diameter.The analysis of axial load patterns highlighted transient responses,including tensile loads below the tunnel invert,which propagated upward and subsided due to negative skin friction.The maximum downdrag load observed reached 56%e71%of the pile’s working load.Additionally,pile movement patterns indicated outward deflections as the TBM approached and a return toward the tunnel post-passage,aligning with the predicted behaviour in a negative face loss scenario.This validated numerical framework provides a solid foundation for further parametric studies and enhances the understanding of tunnel-soil-pile interactions.展开更多
The relative biological effectiveness （RBE） of carbon ions with linear energy transfer （LET） of 172 keV/μm and 13.7 keV/μm were determined in this study. The clonogenic survival and premature terminal differenti...The relative biological effectiveness （RBE） of carbon ions with linear energy transfer （LET） of 172 keV/μm and 13.7 keV/μm were determined in this study. The clonogenic survival and premature terminal differentiation were measured on normal human fibroblasts AG01522C and NHDF after exposure of the cells to 250 kV X-rays and carbon ions with different qualities. RBE was determined for these two biological end points. The results showed that the measured RBE10 with a survival fraction of 10% was 3.2 for LET 172 keV/μm, and 1.33 for LET 13.7 keV/μm carbon ions. RBE for a doubling of post-mitotic fibroblasts （PMF） in the population was 2.8 for LET 172 keV/μm, and 1 for LET 13.7 keV/μm carbon ions. For the carbon ion therapy, a high RBE value on the Bragg peak results in a high biological dose on the tumour. The tumour cells can be killed effectively. At the same time, the dose on healthy tissue would be reduced accordingly. This will lighten the late effect such as fibrosis on normal tissue.展开更多
In the course of exploiting its tourist resources and developing tourism industry in the early days in Wulingyuan, the government did not pay enough attention and no forceful measures were taken to control the environ...In the course of exploiting its tourist resources and developing tourism industry in the early days in Wulingyuan, the government did not pay enough attention and no forceful measures were taken to control the environment. As a result, a series of problems are produced. By analyzing the relationship between the tourism development in Wulingyuan scenic area and its environmental evolution, the paper exposes the basic reason why these environmental problems are produced, and according to the requirement of developing tourism, the paper puts forward some effective measures to reasonably control the distribution of the tourists flow and to protect tourist resources as well as the environment, so as to achieve the sustainable development of the area.展开更多
Medical record coding plays an important role in hospital management and the improvement of medical record coding quality is quite important to hospital management.The professional qualities of medical record coders s...Medical record coding plays an important role in hospital management and the improvement of medical record coding quality is quite important to hospital management.The professional qualities of medical record coders significantly affect the improvement of coding quality.At present,Medical record coders lack in professional knowledge,clinical knowledge and disease classification knowledge.In order to improve the quality of medical record coding,medical record coders should receive regular professional training,and hospital management departments should strengthen the monitoring of the quality of medical record coding.When encountering problems in the process of coding,medical record coders should take the initiative to consult and learn from clinicians.At the same time,medical record coders should cultivate a sense of responsibility,which can continuously improve their professional qualities and achieve the objective of improving the quality of medical record coding.展开更多
For the high school stage is a period of heavy learning tasks for students and the tense learning atmosphere, students basically have endless problems to do and books to read every day. The learning pressure is very g...For the high school stage is a period of heavy learning tasks for students and the tense learning atmosphere, students basically have endless problems to do and books to read every day. The learning pressure is very great. Then high school art teaching can often play a role in relieving students learning pressure and promoting students mental health. Through art teaching, not only can the students thinking be diversified, but also the students psychological quality can be trained, thus relieving the pressure of study. At present, art teaching has yet to be expanded. Teachers should appropriately adjust art teaching measures according to the needs of students at the present stage to carry out art teaching more efficiently.展开更多
With the continuous improvement of peoples living standard, the problem of water pollution is getting more and more attention. Among them, the sewage treatment of urban environmental engineering has always been a prob...With the continuous improvement of peoples living standard, the problem of water pollution is getting more and more attention. Among them, the sewage treatment of urban environmental engineering has always been a problem that puzzles the builders of urbanization. In order to solve the water pollution problem in cities quickly and practically, it is necessary not only to establish specialized institutions for sewage treatment equipment, but also to comprehensively improve the professionalism and professional skills of sewage treatment technicians. Improve the sewage treatment system and conform to the development of sewage treatment industry. Below, the article discusses the effective measures of sewage treatment in urban environmental engineering.展开更多
Objective: to analyze the main influencing factors and effective nursing measures of adverse psychological reactions in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: 82 cases of elderly ...Objective: to analyze the main influencing factors and effective nursing measures of adverse psychological reactions in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: 82 cases of elderly patients with COPD in our hospital were selected to carry out this study from March 2020 to March 2021. The factors of adverse reactions in 82 cases were analyzed, effective nursing measures were formulated, and the application effect of effective nursing measures was evaluated. Results: compared with mental work, happy harmony, junior high school education, public expense and mild COPD patients, physical work, divorce and widowhood, junior high school education, self-financing and severe COPD patients were significantly higher (P < 0.05);SAS score and SDS score of 82 patients after intervention were significantly lower than those before intervention (P < 0.05).Conclusion: to analyze the factors of adverse psychological reactions in elderly patients with COPD and formulate and implement effective nursing measures are conducive to improving the psychological state of patients, which has positive significance.展开更多
Mechanized direct sowing of rapeseed is a labor-saving and highly-efficient culture technique. In order to explore high-yield cultivation techniques suitable for Chengdu Plain, effects of several key agronomic measure...Mechanized direct sowing of rapeseed is a labor-saving and highly-efficient culture technique. In order to explore high-yield cultivation techniques suitable for Chengdu Plain, effects of several key agronomic measures＇, such as sowing date, density and N fertilizers, on development and yield formation were studied by strip and split plot experiment of three factors. The research showed that optimal condi- tions for direct seeding technology can be achieved provided with scientific sowing date, density and appropriate N fertilizers, and the research showed that rapeseed yield reached the peak at 320 g/m2, when sowing date was on September 3th, sow- ing density was 30 plant/m2, and nitrogen fertilizer was 27 g/m2.展开更多
In this paper, we evaluate the difference between the first and second measurements of blood pressure (BP) when BP is measured twice using the results of 17,775 medical checkups. The two measurements for both systolic...In this paper, we evaluate the difference between the first and second measurements of blood pressure (BP) when BP is measured twice using the results of 17,775 medical checkups. The two measurements for both systolic BP (SBP) and the diastolic BP (DBP) fluctuated a large amount even though they were measured at a short interval. The first measurements were 6.7 and 2.4 mmHg higher than the second ones for SBP and DBP, suggesting a white coat effect. Then, the factors that might affect the differences between the two measurements were analyzed by the regression models. For both SBP and DBP, the difference increased as the first measurement increased. Age, gender, BMI and alcohol consumption were other important factors affecting the difference. In the case of a typical male individual, the typical criteria for hypertension of 140/90, 160/100 and 180/110 mmHg criteria in the first measurement would correspond to 135/86, 150/94 and 165/102 mmHg in the second measurement. The necessity of developing accurate and cost-efficient BP measurement methods is strongly suggested.展开更多
In this study, we examined the thermal effects throughout the process of the placement of span-scale girder segments on a 6×110-m continuous steel box girder in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. Firstly, when a ...In this study, we examined the thermal effects throughout the process of the placement of span-scale girder segments on a 6×110-m continuous steel box girder in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. Firstly, when a span-scale girder segment is temporarily stored in the open air, temperature gradients will significantly increase the maximum reaction force on temporary supports and cause local buckling at the bottom of the girder segment. Secondly, due to the temperature difference of the girder segments before and after girth-welding, some residual thermal deflections will appear on the girder segments because the boundary conditions of the structure are changed by the girth-welding. Thirdly, the thermal expansion and thermal bending of girder segments will cause movement and rotation of bearings, which must be considered in setting bearings. We propose control measures for these problems based on finite element method simulation with field-measured temperatures. The local buckling during open-air storage can be avoided by reasonably determining the appropriate positions of temporary supports using analysis of overall and local stresses. The residual thermal deflections can be overcome by performing girth-welding during a period when the vertical temperature difference of the girder is within 1 °C, such as after 22:00. Some formulas are proposed to determine the pre-set distances for bearings, in which the movement and rotation of the bearings due to dead loads and thermal loads are considered. Finally, the feasibility of these control measures in the placement of span-scale girder segments on a real continuous girder was verified: no local buckling was observed during open-air storage;the residual thermal deflections after girth-welding were controlled within 5 mm and the residual pre-set distances of bearings when the whole continuous girder reached its design state were controlled within 20 mm.展开更多
The second-order effect of axial force on horizontal vibrating characteristics of a large-diameter pipe pile is theoretically investigated.Governing equations of the pile-soil system are established based on elastodyn...The second-order effect of axial force on horizontal vibrating characteristics of a large-diameter pipe pile is theoretically investigated.Governing equations of the pile-soil system are established based on elastodynamics.Threedimensional wave equations of soil are decoupled through differential transformation and variable separation.Consequently,expressions of soil displacements and horizontal resistances can be obtained.An analytical solution of the pile is derived based on continuity conditions between the pile and soil,subsequently from which expressions of the complex impedances are deduced.Analyses are carried out to examine the second-order effect of axial force on the horizontal vibrating behavior of the pipe pile.Some conclusions can be summarized as follows： stiffness and damping factors are decreased with the application of axial force on the pile head; distributions of the pile horizontal displacement and rotation angle are regenerated due to the second-order effect of the applied axial force; and redistributions of the bending moment and shearing force occur due to the second-order effect of the applied axial force.展开更多
Manganin piezoresistive gauges have been extensively used in dynamic stress measurement for decades.It is noted,however,that when used to measure transverse stresses,considerable strain effect is caused as the consequ...Manganin piezoresistive gauges have been extensively used in dynamic stress measurement for decades.It is noted,however,that when used to measure transverse stresses,considerable strain effect is caused as the consequence of change of electrical resistance resulted from bending of wires in the longitudinal-strain-experiencing sensing element of the gauge,a phenomenon discussed in this paper theoretically as well as experimentally.This effect yields unwanted signals to blend with output piezoresistive signals and is not negligible,hence decreases measurement accuracy sizably if not properly handled.To overcome this drawback,a new type of manganin transverse piezoresistive gauge has been developed by authors of this paper,which can reduce the resistance increment to acceptable low level so as to effectively bring the adverse effect under control.展开更多
The principle of sonic wave measurement was introduced, and cumulative damage effects of underground engineering rock mass under blasting load were studied by in situ test, using RSM-SY5 intelligent sonic wave apparat...The principle of sonic wave measurement was introduced, and cumulative damage effects of underground engineering rock mass under blasting load were studied by in situ test, using RSM-SY5 intelligent sonic wave apparatus. The blasting test was carried out for ten times at some tunnels of Changba Lead-Zinc Mine. The damage depth of surrounding rock caused by old blasting excavation （0.8-1.2 m） was confirmed. The relation between the cumulative damage degree and blast times was obtained. The results show that the sonic velocity decreases gradually with increasing blast times, hut the damage degree （D） increases. The damage cumulative law is non-linear. The damage degree caused by blast decreases with increasing distance, and damage effects become indistinct. The blasting damage of rock mass is anisotropic. The damage degree of rock mass within charging range is maximal. And the more the charge is, the more severe the damage degree of rock mass is. The test results provide references for researches of mechanical parameters of rock mass and dynamic stability analysis of underground chambers.展开更多
A chiral lanthanide metal-organic framework based on enantiopure camphoric acid （D-H2cam）, [Nd3（D-cam）8（H2O）4Cl]n （1）, has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray structural analysis, elemen...A chiral lanthanide metal-organic framework based on enantiopure camphoric acid （D-H2cam）, [Nd3（D-cam）8（H2O）4Cl]n （1）, has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray structural analysis, elemental analysis, IR, thermal gravimetric, and X-ray powder diffraction. Crystal data for the title compound are as follows： orthorhombic system, space group P212121 with a = 13.8287（7）, b = 14.0715（7）, c = 25.7403（12） A^°, V = 5008.8（4） A^°3, Mr = 1333.08, Z = 4, F（000） = 2644, Dc = 1.768 g/cm^3, μ（MoKα） = 3.189 mm^-1, the final R = 0.0351 and wR = 0.0814 （I 〉 2σ（I））. Compound 1 displays an 8-connected bcu topology 3D framework and hydrogen-bonding interactions stabilize the solid-state structure. The vibrational circular dichroism （VCD） spectrum and second-order nonlinear optical effect of compound 1 have been studied in the solid state.展开更多
This article attempts to investigate the measure effect of rubble roadbed engineering in permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. As a case study, Chaidaer-Muli Railway is used to evaluate the measure effect of ru...This article attempts to investigate the measure effect of rubble roadbed engineering in permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. As a case study, Chaidaer-Muli Railway is used to evaluate the measure effect of rubble roadbed engineering in permafrost regions. The AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method is thus employed to establish the evaluation indicator system. The evaluation factor is selected by analyzing the mutual relation between the permafrost environment and roadbed engineering. Thus, a hierarchical structure model is established based on the selected evaluation indices. Each factor is weighted to determine the status in the evaluation system, and grading standards are built for providing a basis for the evaluation. Then, the fuzzy mathematical method is introduced to evaluate the measure effect of rubble roadbed engineering in permafrost regions along the Chadaer-Muli Railway. Results show that most of the permafrost roadbed is in a preferable condition(b) along the Chaidaer-Muli Railway due to rubble engineering measures. This proportion reaches to 86.1%. The proportion in good(a), general(c) and poor states(d) are 0.0%, 7.5% and 6.4%, respectively, in all the evaluation sections along the Chaidaer-Muli Railway. Ground-temperature monitoring results are generally consistent with AHP-FUZZY evaluation results. This means that the AHP-FUZZY method can be applied to evaluate the effect of rubble roadbed engineering measures in permafrost regions. The effect evaluation of engineering measures will provide timely and effective feedback information for further engineering design. The series of engineering measures will more effectively protect permafrost stability.展开更多
The turbine blades operate under high temperature and high pressure conditions,and when using radiation thermometry,the influence of radiation from surrounding blades leads to measurement errors.To address this issue,...The turbine blades operate under high temperature and high pressure conditions,and when using radiation thermometry,the influence of radiation from surrounding blades leads to measurement errors.To address this issue,this paper develops a three-dimensional discretized dynamic radiation transfer model based on the blade shape of the turbine.The relationship between the radiation angle coefficient of the surrounding blades and the rotation angle of the blade under test is analyzed.The radiation angle coefficient is calculated using the triangular element method,and temperature inversion is performed based on the effective emissivity to compute the measurement error.The results show that under dynamic high temperature conditions,the temperature measurement error caused by reflection at the selected 60%leaf height point varies with the rotation angle,and the maximum reaches 25.58K.The angular coefficient exhibits periodic fluctuations with changes in rotation angle,and the maximum effective emissivity increases as the rotation angle increases.As the blade height increases,the impact of reflected radiation on radiometric temperature measurement errors shows a decreasing trend.This study provides a reference for radiation thermometry in dynamic high-temperature environments.展开更多
Limited detection resolution leads to fuzzy areas during the measurement, and the discrimination of the border of a fuzzy area helps to use the resolution stability. In this way, measurement precision is greatly impro...Limited detection resolution leads to fuzzy areas during the measurement, and the discrimination of the border of a fuzzy area helps to use the resolution stability. In this way, measurement precision is greatly improved, hence this phenomenon is named the border effect. The resolution fuzzy area and its application should be studied to realize highresolution measurement. During the measurement of any frequency signal, the fuzzy areas of phase-coincidence detection are always discrete and irregular. In this paper the difficulty in capturing the border information of discrete fuzzy areas is overcome and extra-high resolution measurement is implemented. Measurement precision of any frequency-signal can easily reach better than 1 × 10^-11/s in a wide range of frequencies, showing the great importance of the border effect. An in-depth study of this issue has great significance for frequency standard comparison, signal processing, telecommunication,and fundamental subjects.展开更多
Let （L, ,0, 1） be an effect algebra and let X be a Banach space. A function ： L→ X is called a vector measure if μ（a b） =μ（a） ＋ μ（b） whenever a⊥b in L. The function μ is said to be 8-bounded if limn...Let （L, ,0, 1） be an effect algebra and let X be a Banach space. A function ： L→ X is called a vector measure if μ（a b） =μ（a） ＋ μ（b） whenever a⊥b in L. The function μ is said to be 8-bounded if limn→∞μ（an） = 0 in X for any orthogonal sequence （an）n∈N in L. In this paper, we introduce two properties of sequence of s-bounded vector measures and give some results on these properties.展开更多
文摘In the practice of healthcare,patient-reported outcomes(PROs)and PRO measures(PROMs)are used as an attempt to observe the changes in complex clinical situations.They guide us in making decisions based on the evidence regarding patient care by recording the change in outcomes for a particular treatment to a given condition and finally to understand whether a patient will benefit from a particular treatment and to quantify the treatment effect.For any PROM to be usable in health care,we need it to be reliable,encapsulating the points of interest with the potential to detect any real change.Using structured outcome measures routinely in clinical practice helps the physician to understand the functional limitation of a patient that would otherwise not be clear in an office interview,and this allows the physician and patient to have a meaningful conver-sation as well as a customized plan for each patient.Having mentioned the rationale and the benefits of PROMs,understanding the quantification process is crucial before embarking on management decisions.A better interpretation of change needs to identify the treatment effect based on clinical relevance for a given condition.There are a multiple set of measurement indices to serve this effect and most of them are used interchangeably without clear demarcation on their differences.This article details the various quantification metrics used to evaluate the treatment effect using PROMs,their limitations and the scope of usage and implementation in clinical practice.
文摘A full-scale research study was conducted during the bored tunnelling of the Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit-Putrajaya Line beneath an existing building structure in Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia.The primary objective was to investigate the tunnel-soil-pile interaction at various stages of tunnel excavation.This study combined field measurements and three-dimensional(3D)numerical analysis to understand the transient effects of TBM tunnelling on a loaded pile.An experimental pile was instrumented with vibrating wire strain gauges,an inclinometer,and distributed fibre optic sensors using Brillouin optical time domain analysis.The pile was pre-loaded and continuously monitored in real-time throughout the tunnel construction process.The 3D finite element modelling was used to simulate the pile’s transient responses based on actual tunnel boring machine(TBM)driving data.The study revealed that the zone of influence due to tunnelling effects extended from y¼2D to y¼4D,with the peak effect observed at y¼1D to 1.5D,where D represents the tunnel diameter.The analysis of axial load patterns highlighted transient responses,including tensile loads below the tunnel invert,which propagated upward and subsided due to negative skin friction.The maximum downdrag load observed reached 56%e71%of the pile’s working load.Additionally,pile movement patterns indicated outward deflections as the TBM approached and a return toward the tunnel post-passage,aligning with the predicted behaviour in a negative face loss scenario.This validated numerical framework provides a solid foundation for further parametric studies and enhances the understanding of tunnel-soil-pile interactions.
基金the"Xi Bu Zhi Guang"Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.O606180XBO)
文摘The relative biological effectiveness （RBE） of carbon ions with linear energy transfer （LET） of 172 keV/μm and 13.7 keV/μm were determined in this study. The clonogenic survival and premature terminal differentiation were measured on normal human fibroblasts AG01522C and NHDF after exposure of the cells to 250 kV X-rays and carbon ions with different qualities. RBE was determined for these two biological end points. The results showed that the measured RBE10 with a survival fraction of 10% was 3.2 for LET 172 keV/μm, and 1.33 for LET 13.7 keV/μm carbon ions. RBE for a doubling of post-mitotic fibroblasts （PMF） in the population was 2.8 for LET 172 keV/μm, and 1 for LET 13.7 keV/μm carbon ions. For the carbon ion therapy, a high RBE value on the Bragg peak results in a high biological dose on the tumour. The tumour cells can be killed effectively. At the same time, the dose on healthy tissue would be reduced accordingly. This will lighten the late effect such as fibrosis on normal tissue.
文摘In the course of exploiting its tourist resources and developing tourism industry in the early days in Wulingyuan, the government did not pay enough attention and no forceful measures were taken to control the environment. As a result, a series of problems are produced. By analyzing the relationship between the tourism development in Wulingyuan scenic area and its environmental evolution, the paper exposes the basic reason why these environmental problems are produced, and according to the requirement of developing tourism, the paper puts forward some effective measures to reasonably control the distribution of the tourists flow and to protect tourist resources as well as the environment, so as to achieve the sustainable development of the area.
文摘Medical record coding plays an important role in hospital management and the improvement of medical record coding quality is quite important to hospital management.The professional qualities of medical record coders significantly affect the improvement of coding quality.At present,Medical record coders lack in professional knowledge,clinical knowledge and disease classification knowledge.In order to improve the quality of medical record coding,medical record coders should receive regular professional training,and hospital management departments should strengthen the monitoring of the quality of medical record coding.When encountering problems in the process of coding,medical record coders should take the initiative to consult and learn from clinicians.At the same time,medical record coders should cultivate a sense of responsibility,which can continuously improve their professional qualities and achieve the objective of improving the quality of medical record coding.
文摘For the high school stage is a period of heavy learning tasks for students and the tense learning atmosphere, students basically have endless problems to do and books to read every day. The learning pressure is very great. Then high school art teaching can often play a role in relieving students learning pressure and promoting students mental health. Through art teaching, not only can the students thinking be diversified, but also the students psychological quality can be trained, thus relieving the pressure of study. At present, art teaching has yet to be expanded. Teachers should appropriately adjust art teaching measures according to the needs of students at the present stage to carry out art teaching more efficiently.
文摘With the continuous improvement of peoples living standard, the problem of water pollution is getting more and more attention. Among them, the sewage treatment of urban environmental engineering has always been a problem that puzzles the builders of urbanization. In order to solve the water pollution problem in cities quickly and practically, it is necessary not only to establish specialized institutions for sewage treatment equipment, but also to comprehensively improve the professionalism and professional skills of sewage treatment technicians. Improve the sewage treatment system and conform to the development of sewage treatment industry. Below, the article discusses the effective measures of sewage treatment in urban environmental engineering.
文摘Objective: to analyze the main influencing factors and effective nursing measures of adverse psychological reactions in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: 82 cases of elderly patients with COPD in our hospital were selected to carry out this study from March 2020 to March 2021. The factors of adverse reactions in 82 cases were analyzed, effective nursing measures were formulated, and the application effect of effective nursing measures was evaluated. Results: compared with mental work, happy harmony, junior high school education, public expense and mild COPD patients, physical work, divorce and widowhood, junior high school education, self-financing and severe COPD patients were significantly higher (P < 0.05);SAS score and SDS score of 82 patients after intervention were significantly lower than those before intervention (P < 0.05).Conclusion: to analyze the factors of adverse psychological reactions in elderly patients with COPD and formulate and implement effective nursing measures are conducive to improving the psychological state of patients, which has positive significance.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(200903050-4)National Public Science and Technology Research Funds Project(201303129)~~
文摘Mechanized direct sowing of rapeseed is a labor-saving and highly-efficient culture technique. In order to explore high-yield cultivation techniques suitable for Chengdu Plain, effects of several key agronomic measures＇, such as sowing date, density and N fertilizers, on development and yield formation were studied by strip and split plot experiment of three factors. The research showed that optimal condi- tions for direct seeding technology can be achieved provided with scientific sowing date, density and appropriate N fertilizers, and the research showed that rapeseed yield reached the peak at 320 g/m2, when sowing date was on September 3th, sow- ing density was 30 plant/m2, and nitrogen fertilizer was 27 g/m2.
文摘In this paper, we evaluate the difference between the first and second measurements of blood pressure (BP) when BP is measured twice using the results of 17,775 medical checkups. The two measurements for both systolic BP (SBP) and the diastolic BP (DBP) fluctuated a large amount even though they were measured at a short interval. The first measurements were 6.7 and 2.4 mmHg higher than the second ones for SBP and DBP, suggesting a white coat effect. Then, the factors that might affect the differences between the two measurements were analyzed by the regression models. For both SBP and DBP, the difference increased as the first measurement increased. Age, gender, BMI and alcohol consumption were other important factors affecting the difference. In the case of a typical male individual, the typical criteria for hypertension of 140/90, 160/100 and 180/110 mmHg criteria in the first measurement would correspond to 135/86, 150/94 and 165/102 mmHg in the second measurement. The necessity of developing accurate and cost-efficient BP measurement methods is strongly suggested.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51578496 and 51878603)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LZ16E080001)。
文摘In this study, we examined the thermal effects throughout the process of the placement of span-scale girder segments on a 6×110-m continuous steel box girder in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. Firstly, when a span-scale girder segment is temporarily stored in the open air, temperature gradients will significantly increase the maximum reaction force on temporary supports and cause local buckling at the bottom of the girder segment. Secondly, due to the temperature difference of the girder segments before and after girth-welding, some residual thermal deflections will appear on the girder segments because the boundary conditions of the structure are changed by the girth-welding. Thirdly, the thermal expansion and thermal bending of girder segments will cause movement and rotation of bearings, which must be considered in setting bearings. We propose control measures for these problems based on finite element method simulation with field-measured temperatures. The local buckling during open-air storage can be avoided by reasonably determining the appropriate positions of temporary supports using analysis of overall and local stresses. The residual thermal deflections can be overcome by performing girth-welding during a period when the vertical temperature difference of the girder is within 1 °C, such as after 22:00. Some formulas are proposed to determine the pre-set distances for bearings, in which the movement and rotation of the bearings due to dead loads and thermal loads are considered. Finally, the feasibility of these control measures in the placement of span-scale girder segments on a real continuous girder was verified: no local buckling was observed during open-air storage;the residual thermal deflections after girth-welding were controlled within 5 mm and the residual pre-set distances of bearings when the whole continuous girder reached its design state were controlled within 20 mm.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.51622803 and 51708064the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2016YFE0200100
文摘The second-order effect of axial force on horizontal vibrating characteristics of a large-diameter pipe pile is theoretically investigated.Governing equations of the pile-soil system are established based on elastodynamics.Threedimensional wave equations of soil are decoupled through differential transformation and variable separation.Consequently,expressions of soil displacements and horizontal resistances can be obtained.An analytical solution of the pile is derived based on continuity conditions between the pile and soil,subsequently from which expressions of the complex impedances are deduced.Analyses are carried out to examine the second-order effect of axial force on the horizontal vibrating behavior of the pipe pile.Some conclusions can be summarized as follows： stiffness and damping factors are decreased with the application of axial force on the pile head; distributions of the pile horizontal displacement and rotation angle are regenerated due to the second-order effect of the applied axial force; and redistributions of the bending moment and shearing force occur due to the second-order effect of the applied axial force.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science of China(10472014)
文摘Manganin piezoresistive gauges have been extensively used in dynamic stress measurement for decades.It is noted,however,that when used to measure transverse stresses,considerable strain effect is caused as the consequence of change of electrical resistance resulted from bending of wires in the longitudinal-strain-experiencing sensing element of the gauge,a phenomenon discussed in this paper theoretically as well as experimentally.This effect yields unwanted signals to blend with output piezoresistive signals and is not negligible,hence decreases measurement accuracy sizably if not properly handled.To overcome this drawback,a new type of manganin transverse piezoresistive gauge has been developed by authors of this paper,which can reduce the resistance increment to acceptable low level so as to effectively bring the adverse effect under control.
基金Project (50490272) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(040109) supported by the Doctor Degree Paper Innovation Engineering of Central South University
文摘The principle of sonic wave measurement was introduced, and cumulative damage effects of underground engineering rock mass under blasting load were studied by in situ test, using RSM-SY5 intelligent sonic wave apparatus. The blasting test was carried out for ten times at some tunnels of Changba Lead-Zinc Mine. The damage depth of surrounding rock caused by old blasting excavation （0.8-1.2 m） was confirmed. The relation between the cumulative damage degree and blast times was obtained. The results show that the sonic velocity decreases gradually with increasing blast times, hut the damage degree （D） increases. The damage cumulative law is non-linear. The damage degree caused by blast decreases with increasing distance, and damage effects become indistinct. The blasting damage of rock mass is anisotropic. The damage degree of rock mass within charging range is maximal. And the more the charge is, the more severe the damage degree of rock mass is. The test results provide references for researches of mechanical parameters of rock mass and dynamic stability analysis of underground chambers.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(21401147)Basic Research Program of Natural Science from Shaanxi Provincial Government(2015JQ2032)+2 种基金Scientific Research Program from Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government(2013JK0654)Opening Foundation from State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry in Nanjing University(201219)the Program for Distinguished Young Scholars of Xi’an Polytechnic University(201403)
文摘A chiral lanthanide metal-organic framework based on enantiopure camphoric acid （D-H2cam）, [Nd3（D-cam）8（H2O）4Cl]n （1）, has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray structural analysis, elemental analysis, IR, thermal gravimetric, and X-ray powder diffraction. Crystal data for the title compound are as follows： orthorhombic system, space group P212121 with a = 13.8287（7）, b = 14.0715（7）, c = 25.7403（12） A^°, V = 5008.8（4） A^°3, Mr = 1333.08, Z = 4, F（000） = 2644, Dc = 1.768 g/cm^3, μ（MoKα） = 3.189 mm^-1, the final R = 0.0351 and wR = 0.0814 （I 〉 2σ（I））. Compound 1 displays an 8-connected bcu topology 3D framework and hydrogen-bonding interactions stabilize the solid-state structure. The vibrational circular dichroism （VCD） spectrum and second-order nonlinear optical effect of compound 1 have been studied in the solid state.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41501079 and 91647103)the self-determined Project Funded by State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering (No. SKLFSE-ZQ-43)the Foundation for Excellent Youth Scholars of NIEER, CAS
文摘This article attempts to investigate the measure effect of rubble roadbed engineering in permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. As a case study, Chaidaer-Muli Railway is used to evaluate the measure effect of rubble roadbed engineering in permafrost regions. The AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method is thus employed to establish the evaluation indicator system. The evaluation factor is selected by analyzing the mutual relation between the permafrost environment and roadbed engineering. Thus, a hierarchical structure model is established based on the selected evaluation indices. Each factor is weighted to determine the status in the evaluation system, and grading standards are built for providing a basis for the evaluation. Then, the fuzzy mathematical method is introduced to evaluate the measure effect of rubble roadbed engineering in permafrost regions along the Chadaer-Muli Railway. Results show that most of the permafrost roadbed is in a preferable condition(b) along the Chaidaer-Muli Railway due to rubble engineering measures. This proportion reaches to 86.1%. The proportion in good(a), general(c) and poor states(d) are 0.0%, 7.5% and 6.4%, respectively, in all the evaluation sections along the Chaidaer-Muli Railway. Ground-temperature monitoring results are generally consistent with AHP-FUZZY evaluation results. This means that the AHP-FUZZY method can be applied to evaluate the effect of rubble roadbed engineering measures in permafrost regions. The effect evaluation of engineering measures will provide timely and effective feedback information for further engineering design. The series of engineering measures will more effectively protect permafrost stability.
文摘The turbine blades operate under high temperature and high pressure conditions,and when using radiation thermometry,the influence of radiation from surrounding blades leads to measurement errors.To address this issue,this paper develops a three-dimensional discretized dynamic radiation transfer model based on the blade shape of the turbine.The relationship between the radiation angle coefficient of the surrounding blades and the rotation angle of the blade under test is analyzed.The radiation angle coefficient is calculated using the triangular element method,and temperature inversion is performed based on the effective emissivity to compute the measurement error.The results show that under dynamic high temperature conditions,the temperature measurement error caused by reflection at the selected 60%leaf height point varies with the rotation angle,and the maximum reaches 25.58K.The angular coefficient exhibits periodic fluctuations with changes in rotation angle,and the maximum effective emissivity increases as the rotation angle increases.As the blade height increases,the impact of reflected radiation on radiometric temperature measurement errors shows a decreasing trend.This study provides a reference for radiation thermometry in dynamic high-temperature environments.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10978017 and 61201288)the Natural Science Foundation of Research Plan Projects of Shaanxi Province+1 种基金China(Grant No.2014JM2–6128)the Sino-Poland Science and Technology Cooperation Projects(Grant No.36-33)
文摘Limited detection resolution leads to fuzzy areas during the measurement, and the discrimination of the border of a fuzzy area helps to use the resolution stability. In this way, measurement precision is greatly improved, hence this phenomenon is named the border effect. The resolution fuzzy area and its application should be studied to realize highresolution measurement. During the measurement of any frequency signal, the fuzzy areas of phase-coincidence detection are always discrete and irregular. In this paper the difficulty in capturing the border information of discrete fuzzy areas is overcome and extra-high resolution measurement is implemented. Measurement precision of any frequency-signal can easily reach better than 1 × 10^-11/s in a wide range of frequencies, showing the great importance of the border effect. An in-depth study of this issue has great significance for frequency standard comparison, signal processing, telecommunication,and fundamental subjects.
文摘Let （L, ,0, 1） be an effect algebra and let X be a Banach space. A function ： L→ X is called a vector measure if μ（a b） =μ（a） ＋ μ（b） whenever a⊥b in L. The function μ is said to be 8-bounded if limn→∞μ（an） = 0 in X for any orthogonal sequence （an）n∈N in L. In this paper, we introduce two properties of sequence of s-bounded vector measures and give some results on these properties.
