To understand the tolerance to salinity and osmoregulation of the introduced Trachemys scripta elegans, the salinity stress of four groups （salinity 5‰, 15‰, 25‰ and control group） were conducted. Inorganic ions,...To understand the tolerance to salinity and osmoregulation of the introduced Trachemys scripta elegans, the salinity stress of four groups （salinity 5‰, 15‰, 25‰ and control group） were conducted. Inorganic ions, osmotic pressure, glucose and aldosterone of blood and urine in T. s. elegans （BW： 125.60 ±19.84 g） were analyzed at 30 d, 60 d and 90 d stress. The results showed that： 1） inorganic ions concentration of blood and urine increased with ambient salinity, which indicated that high influx of ions was combined with higher outflow when exposed to saline water in T. s. elegans. However, blood aldosterone decreased with increasing salinity, which indicated that an increased sodium intake resulting in a diminished aldosterone production. However, with elapsed time, inorganic ions in urine decreased, which indicated that inorganic ions in blood would be accumulated, and Na^＋ and Cl^- in the plasma inevitably build up to harmful levels, at last death was happening when T. s. elegans was exposed to salinity 25 during 90 d salinity stress; 2） blood osmotic pressure increased as ambient salinity increased, it would reach 400 mOsm/kg in the group of salinity 25, which was about 1.5 fold of the control group. Higher blood osmotic pressure was due to both higher blood ions and urea concentrations. There may be another mechanism to avoid an excess of NaCl together with an important loss of water using one of the end-products of nitrogen metabolism; 3） blood glucose in each group except the group of salinity 5 decreased with time elapsed and with salinity increased. Therefore, we can conclude that T. s. elegans is an osmoregulator that limits the entry of Na^＋ and Cl^-, but can also tolerate certain degrees of increases in plasma Na^＋ and Cl^-. When ambient salinity was lower than 15‰, T. s. elegans can increase blood osmotic pressure by balancing the entry of NaCl with the secretion of aldosterone decreased, and by accumulating blood urea for osmoregulation effectors, and survive for at least three months. These results could provide theoretical basis for salinity tolerance and the invasion on physiological mechanism for T. s. elegans.展开更多
Objective This study was conducted to develop an method for identification of Trachemys scripta elegans(Ba Xi Gui,巴西龟)shell glue from Chinemys reevesii(Zhong Hua Cao Gui,中华草龟)shell glue.Methods In this research...Objective This study was conducted to develop an method for identification of Trachemys scripta elegans(Ba Xi Gui,巴西龟)shell glue from Chinemys reevesii(Zhong Hua Cao Gui,中华草龟)shell glue.Methods In this research,an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF/MS)method coupled with Binary Compare tool of UNIFI software was validated to differentiate Trachemys scripta elegans(Ba Xi Gui,巴西龟)shell glue from Chinemys reevesii(Zhong Hua Cao Gui,中华草龟)shell glue.The gelatins were digested enzymatically into peptides using trypsin.The UPLC-QTOF/MS data of the trypsin digested samples was subjected to Binary Compare of UNIFI software in order to screen out the unique peptides.PEAKS■Studio software was utilized to identify the sequence of the marker peptides.Results It was found that m/z 641.3 was the marker peptide in samples of Trachemys scripta elegans(Ba Xi Gui,巴西龟)shell glue,and m/z 649.3 was the marker peptide in samples of Chinemys reevesii(Zhong Hua Cao Gui,中华草龟)shell glue,with possible amino acid sequence of GEAGPSGPAGPTGAR and GESGPSGPAGPTGAR respectively.Conclusions The results will be helpful for the differentiating between these 2 gelatins,and it can be also used for quality control of Tortoise shell glue(Gui Jia Jiao,龟甲胶).展开更多
Red-eared sliders(Trachemys scripta elegans),as one of the 100 most threatening aliens,have stronger immunity than the native species in response to environmental stress.Blood cells are an important component of immun...Red-eared sliders(Trachemys scripta elegans),as one of the 100 most threatening aliens,have stronger immunity than the native species in response to environmental stress.Blood cells are an important component of immunity in the body.However,the blood cell researches of turtle are still in the traditional blood cell classification and morphological structure observation.Furthermore,turtle granulocytes cannot be accurately identified using traditional methods.Single-cell RNA sequencing techniques have been successfully implemented to study cells based on the mRNA expression patterns of each cell.The present study profiled the transcriptomes of peripheral blood cells in red-eared sliders to construct a single-cell transcriptional landscape of the different cell types and explored environmental adaptation mechanism from the perspective of hematology.All 14 transcriptionally distinct clusters(platelets,erythrocytes1,erythrocytes2,CSF1R monocytes,POF1B monocytes,neutrophils,GATA2high basophils,GATA2low basophils,CD4 T cells,CD7 T cells,B cells,ACKR4 cells,serotriflin cells,and ficolin cells)were identified in the peripheral blood cells of the red-eared sliders.In particular,a subtype of erythrocytes(erythrocytes1)that expressed immune signals was identified.Peripheral blood cells were grouped into three lineages:platelet,erythroid/lymphoid,and myeloid cell lineages.Furthermore,based on differentiation trajectory and up-regulated gene expression,ACKR4 cells were newly identified as lymphocytes,and serotriflin and ficolin cells as granulocytes.The single-cell transcriptional atlas of the peripheral blood cells in red-eared sliders provided in the present study will offer a comprehensive transcriptome reference for the exploration of physiological and pathological hematology in this species.展开更多
为探讨水栖龟类的临床麻醉药物组合与麻醉效果,试验采用右美托咪定(0.05 mg/kg)联合阿法沙龙(5 mg/kg)对9只红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)进行麻醉试验,分别记录麻醉诱导期、麻醉期和麻醉苏醒期的时间和试验动物表现,以评估药物镇...为探讨水栖龟类的临床麻醉药物组合与麻醉效果,试验采用右美托咪定(0.05 mg/kg)联合阿法沙龙(5 mg/kg)对9只红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)进行麻醉试验,分别记录麻醉诱导期、麻醉期和麻醉苏醒期的时间和试验动物表现,以评估药物镇静、镇痛及肌松等效果;采集试验动物血液和心率等指标,以评估麻醉对试验动物生理常数的影响。结果表明:该药物组合作用于红耳龟使得诱导期时长为(12.11±2.86)min,且可提供(51.89±7.21)min的有效麻醉时间,麻醉过程中试验动物表现平稳,无不良反应。使用颉颃剂阿替美唑(0.5mg/kg)进行肌肉注射,试验动物在(18.22±4.42)min后完全苏醒。麻醉操作对试验动物血液生化指标和心率影响总体不显著。说明该组合和剂量适合作为水栖龟类的临床麻醉。展开更多
开展了背甲下静脉窦采血应激时长对红耳龟生长性能和血液参数的影响试验。选取体质量、背甲长和背甲宽规格接近的48只红耳龟,平均放入6个塑料箱中,设置手握应激时长1、3、6、9、18和36 min 6个试验组,即A、B、C、D、E和F组。结果表明,...开展了背甲下静脉窦采血应激时长对红耳龟生长性能和血液参数的影响试验。选取体质量、背甲长和背甲宽规格接近的48只红耳龟,平均放入6个塑料箱中,设置手握应激时长1、3、6、9、18和36 min 6个试验组,即A、B、C、D、E和F组。结果表明,手握应激时长对A、B、C、D、E和F组的体质量、背甲长和背甲宽均无显著影响(P>0.05)。A、B、C、D、E和F组的嗜异性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞的占比组间均无显著差异(P>0.05);C组和D组单核细胞的占比较低,F组最高,但组间差异不显著(P>0.05);B组淋巴细胞的占比显著高于E和F组(P<0.05)。B组嗜异性粒细胞和淋巴细胞比值最低,F组最高,但组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。指出,背甲下静脉窦采血技术简单实用,无须复杂的仪器设备,就能获得足量血液,可用于其他淡水龟类研究。展开更多
针对巴西龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)在广东养殖过程中发生慢性死亡的现象,对病龟肠道病理组织学和病原学进行了研究,并对病龟开展了防治实验。结果表明:病龟肠道前中段上皮细胞有虫体寄生,分离到圆形至椭圆形的卵囊,平均大小为11.7...针对巴西龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)在广东养殖过程中发生慢性死亡的现象,对病龟肠道病理组织学和病原学进行了研究,并对病龟开展了防治实验。结果表明:病龟肠道前中段上皮细胞有虫体寄生,分离到圆形至椭圆形的卵囊,平均大小为11.7μm×13.8μm。每个孢子化卵囊含4个孢子囊,每个孢子囊内有2个子孢子;经口人工感染的幼龟肠道中段粘膜层有病原侵入,并出现纤维素性炎症。通过分析确认此病症为艾美耳球虫(Eimeria coccidium)感染所致。对病龟采用抗球虫药磺胺氯吡嗪进行治疗,有一定的治疗效果。展开更多
应用5种特异性哺乳动物胃肠激素抗血清,采用卵白素-生物素-过氧化物酶复合物(Avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex,ABC)免疫组织化学法,对红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)消化道内分泌细胞进行了鉴别和定位研究。结果显示:大多数内分...应用5种特异性哺乳动物胃肠激素抗血清,采用卵白素-生物素-过氧化物酶复合物(Avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex,ABC)免疫组织化学法,对红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)消化道内分泌细胞进行了鉴别和定位研究。结果显示:大多数内分泌细胞呈楔形、梭形或烧瓶形,少数呈圆形或椭圆形。5-羟色胺和生长抑素细胞在消化道各段均有分布,分别以胃幽门部和十二指肠、胃体部为最高,在食道和空肠处最低。胰高血糖素和胃泌素细胞均在直肠处密度最高,但分布型不同。血管活性肠肽细胞在胃幽门部密度最高,回肠未见。展开更多
为了探讨土壤酸化对红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)和中华条颈龟(Mauremys sinensis)孵化及稚龟血液生理指标的影响,在孵化温度为(30±0.5)℃,孵化基质pH分别为4、5、6、7的条件下,对比研究了两种龟卵孵化率、畸形率、孵化期和...为了探讨土壤酸化对红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)和中华条颈龟(Mauremys sinensis)孵化及稚龟血液生理指标的影响,在孵化温度为(30±0.5)℃,孵化基质pH分别为4、5、6、7的条件下,对比研究了两种龟卵孵化率、畸形率、孵化期和血液生理指标的变化。结果表明,两种龟卵孵化率均随孵化基质pH的降低而降低,pH为4时可使胚胎致死,pH为7、6、5处理同种龟不同处理间和同种处理不同种之间孵化率差异不显著(P>0.05);pH降低红耳龟孵化期缩短,胚胎发育加速,胚胎发育正常,而中华条颈龟畸形率升高(P<0.05);两种稚龟血细胞变化不同,红耳龟红细胞长、短径变长,长短径比增加,红细胞数、白细胞数显著增加(P<0.05),中华条颈龟各项血液生理指标差异不显著。对比研究各项指标可知,红耳龟通过减少畸形率、提高急性应激刺激阈值,增强了对酸胁迫的耐受性。展开更多
2010年7月至2011年4月、2011年8月至2012年8月,在海南万泉河琼海段,应用无线电遥测技术研究了外来物种红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)和本地种中华条颈龟(Mauremys sinensis)的家域。采用最小凸多边形法和线家域法计算了所有个体的...2010年7月至2011年4月、2011年8月至2012年8月,在海南万泉河琼海段,应用无线电遥测技术研究了外来物种红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)和本地种中华条颈龟(Mauremys sinensis)的家域。采用最小凸多边形法和线家域法计算了所有个体的家域大小和不同个体间家域的重叠状况。结果表明:(1)红耳龟和中华条颈龟的家域面积分别为(8.15±2.83)hm2、(5.82±3.95)hm2,线家域分别为(534.07±74.98)m、(504.00±222.96)m;(2)两种龟的家域面积和长度均无种间差异;(3)成年雌性红耳龟的家域面积和长度显著大于雄性;(4)红耳龟和中华条颈龟家域的种内重叠度分别为0.27±0.02、0.08±0.06,并且红耳龟家域的种内重叠度显著大于中华条颈龟;(5)红耳龟与中华条颈龟家域的种间重叠度为0.20±0.02。本文研究结果提示,红耳龟在野外对本地种中华条颈龟具有潜在的竞争威胁。展开更多
研究孵化基质中硝酸铵胁迫对红耳龟Trachemys scripta elegans和中华条颈龟Mauremys sinensis孵化及稚龟血液生理指标的影响,采用不同浓度硝酸铵(0mg/L,0.01mg/L,0.1mg/L)处理基质,在(30±0.5)℃下对两种龟卵进行孵化。结果表明:红...研究孵化基质中硝酸铵胁迫对红耳龟Trachemys scripta elegans和中华条颈龟Mauremys sinensis孵化及稚龟血液生理指标的影响,采用不同浓度硝酸铵(0mg/L,0.01mg/L,0.1mg/L)处理基质,在(30±0.5)℃下对两种龟卵进行孵化。结果表明:红耳龟的孵化率显著高于中华条颈龟(P<0.05),血细胞数量和形态变化明显,0.1mg/LNH4NO3处理组红细胞数和白细胞数分别为(9.68±2.91)×1011个/L和(1.11±0.18)×1010个/L,显著高于对照组(P<0.05),红细胞长短径比(1.71±0.14)与对照组和0.01mg/LNH4NO3处理组差异显著(P<0.05);中华条颈龟血细胞数量和形态在各个处理组间未见显著差异。对比研究各项指标可知,红耳龟可以通过增加血细胞数量和改变红细胞形态提高免疫力对抗硝酸铵胁迫,提示对环境的适应性强于中华条颈龟。展开更多
为比较外来种红耳龟Trachemys scripta elegans与本地种中华条颈龟Mauremys sinensis耐饥饿能力强弱,分别于2009年8月～2010年4月和2010年7～8月对外来种红耳龟和本地种中华条颈龟进行耐饥饿能力的长期(8个月)和短期(2个月)实验的比较...为比较外来种红耳龟Trachemys scripta elegans与本地种中华条颈龟Mauremys sinensis耐饥饿能力强弱,分别于2009年8月～2010年4月和2010年7～8月对外来种红耳龟和本地种中华条颈龟进行耐饥饿能力的长期(8个月)和短期(2个月)实验的比较研究。长期实验控制食物因子,短期实验控制饥饿时间。长期实验结果表明,中华条颈龟食物缺乏组体重特定增长率极显著低于食物充分组(P<0.01),而红耳龟体重特定增长率在两试验组之间无显著差异(P>0.05);在食物转化率方面,红耳龟食物缺乏组高于食物充分组,而中华条颈龟却相反。短期实验结果表明,中华条颈龟饥饿组体重特定增长率显著低于对照组(正常饲喂组)(P<0.05),而红耳龟饥饿组体重特定增长率与食物对照组无显著差异(P>0.05);中华条颈龟饥饿组肝重极显著小于对照组(P<0.01),红耳龟肝重两组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上表明红耳龟耐饥饿能力强于中华条颈龟。展开更多
在一些爬行动物中,个体的性别完全取决于胚胎发育过程中的环境温度,称之为温度依赖型性别决定(temperaturedependent sex determination,TSD).TSD的分子机制长期是个谜,特别是调控早期性腺分化的分子基础仍不清楚.本文通过表达分析和基...在一些爬行动物中,个体的性别完全取决于胚胎发育过程中的环境温度,称之为温度依赖型性别决定(temperaturedependent sex determination,TSD).TSD的分子机制长期是个谜,特别是调控早期性腺分化的分子基础仍不清楚.本文通过表达分析和基因敲低手段研究了Sox9基因在红耳龟雄性性腺分化中的生物学功能,为TSD动物的性别决定和性腺发育的分子机制的研究奠定了基础.qRT-PCR显示,从性腺分化前的17期起,Sox9呈现产雄温度(male-producing temperature,MPT)性腺特异性高表达,而在产雌温度(female-producing temperature,FPT)性腺中表达水平极低.免疫组化进一步证实了SOX9蛋白的MPT特异性表达趋势,其定位于Sertoli前体细胞核中.温度置换实验显示,与MPT性腺相比,MPT→FPT性腺中(16期置换)的Sox9表达量从17期起就显著降低,表明Sox9能快速响应温度变化.同时MPT性腺经过雌激素处理后,Sox9表达量亦快速下调.功能缺失研究显示,经过Sox9-RNAi处理后,90.9%(20/22)的MPT性腺结构明显雌性化,皮质区高度发育,髓质区退化,揭示Sox9的敲低能导致雄性向雌性性逆转.上述研究表明,Sox9是红耳龟早期睾丸分化的关键调控因子,参与TSD的雄性分化通路.展开更多
基金the project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31360642 and 31372228)Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (No.211145)Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province of China (No. 303148)" for financial support
文摘To understand the tolerance to salinity and osmoregulation of the introduced Trachemys scripta elegans, the salinity stress of four groups （salinity 5‰, 15‰, 25‰ and control group） were conducted. Inorganic ions, osmotic pressure, glucose and aldosterone of blood and urine in T. s. elegans （BW： 125.60 ±19.84 g） were analyzed at 30 d, 60 d and 90 d stress. The results showed that： 1） inorganic ions concentration of blood and urine increased with ambient salinity, which indicated that high influx of ions was combined with higher outflow when exposed to saline water in T. s. elegans. However, blood aldosterone decreased with increasing salinity, which indicated that an increased sodium intake resulting in a diminished aldosterone production. However, with elapsed time, inorganic ions in urine decreased, which indicated that inorganic ions in blood would be accumulated, and Na^＋ and Cl^- in the plasma inevitably build up to harmful levels, at last death was happening when T. s. elegans was exposed to salinity 25 during 90 d salinity stress; 2） blood osmotic pressure increased as ambient salinity increased, it would reach 400 mOsm/kg in the group of salinity 25, which was about 1.5 fold of the control group. Higher blood osmotic pressure was due to both higher blood ions and urea concentrations. There may be another mechanism to avoid an excess of NaCl together with an important loss of water using one of the end-products of nitrogen metabolism; 3） blood glucose in each group except the group of salinity 5 decreased with time elapsed and with salinity increased. Therefore, we can conclude that T. s. elegans is an osmoregulator that limits the entry of Na^＋ and Cl^-, but can also tolerate certain degrees of increases in plasma Na^＋ and Cl^-. When ambient salinity was lower than 15‰, T. s. elegans can increase blood osmotic pressure by balancing the entry of NaCl with the secretion of aldosterone decreased, and by accumulating blood urea for osmoregulation effectors, and survive for at least three months. These results could provide theoretical basis for salinity tolerance and the invasion on physiological mechanism for T. s. elegans.
基金the funding support from the Aid Program for Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Hunan Province([2010]212)Changsha City Science and Technology Project in 2015(k1501024-31)+3 种基金Key Discipline Program of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the P.R.C([2009]30)Key Discipline in Hunan Province([2011]76)Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(2017JJ3234)Key Project of Science and Technology of Hunan Province(2016SK2033)
文摘Objective This study was conducted to develop an method for identification of Trachemys scripta elegans(Ba Xi Gui,巴西龟)shell glue from Chinemys reevesii(Zhong Hua Cao Gui,中华草龟)shell glue.Methods In this research,an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF/MS)method coupled with Binary Compare tool of UNIFI software was validated to differentiate Trachemys scripta elegans(Ba Xi Gui,巴西龟)shell glue from Chinemys reevesii(Zhong Hua Cao Gui,中华草龟)shell glue.The gelatins were digested enzymatically into peptides using trypsin.The UPLC-QTOF/MS data of the trypsin digested samples was subjected to Binary Compare of UNIFI software in order to screen out the unique peptides.PEAKS■Studio software was utilized to identify the sequence of the marker peptides.Results It was found that m/z 641.3 was the marker peptide in samples of Trachemys scripta elegans(Ba Xi Gui,巴西龟)shell glue,and m/z 649.3 was the marker peptide in samples of Chinemys reevesii(Zhong Hua Cao Gui,中华草龟)shell glue,with possible amino acid sequence of GEAGPSGPAGPTGAR and GESGPSGPAGPTGAR respectively.Conclusions The results will be helpful for the differentiating between these 2 gelatins,and it can be also used for quality control of Tortoise shell glue(Gui Jia Jiao,龟甲胶).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160135)the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(ZDYF2020194 and 322RC658)the specific research fund of the Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province.
文摘Red-eared sliders(Trachemys scripta elegans),as one of the 100 most threatening aliens,have stronger immunity than the native species in response to environmental stress.Blood cells are an important component of immunity in the body.However,the blood cell researches of turtle are still in the traditional blood cell classification and morphological structure observation.Furthermore,turtle granulocytes cannot be accurately identified using traditional methods.Single-cell RNA sequencing techniques have been successfully implemented to study cells based on the mRNA expression patterns of each cell.The present study profiled the transcriptomes of peripheral blood cells in red-eared sliders to construct a single-cell transcriptional landscape of the different cell types and explored environmental adaptation mechanism from the perspective of hematology.All 14 transcriptionally distinct clusters(platelets,erythrocytes1,erythrocytes2,CSF1R monocytes,POF1B monocytes,neutrophils,GATA2high basophils,GATA2low basophils,CD4 T cells,CD7 T cells,B cells,ACKR4 cells,serotriflin cells,and ficolin cells)were identified in the peripheral blood cells of the red-eared sliders.In particular,a subtype of erythrocytes(erythrocytes1)that expressed immune signals was identified.Peripheral blood cells were grouped into three lineages:platelet,erythroid/lymphoid,and myeloid cell lineages.Furthermore,based on differentiation trajectory and up-regulated gene expression,ACKR4 cells were newly identified as lymphocytes,and serotriflin and ficolin cells as granulocytes.The single-cell transcriptional atlas of the peripheral blood cells in red-eared sliders provided in the present study will offer a comprehensive transcriptome reference for the exploration of physiological and pathological hematology in this species.
文摘为探讨水栖龟类的临床麻醉药物组合与麻醉效果,试验采用右美托咪定(0.05 mg/kg)联合阿法沙龙(5 mg/kg)对9只红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)进行麻醉试验,分别记录麻醉诱导期、麻醉期和麻醉苏醒期的时间和试验动物表现,以评估药物镇静、镇痛及肌松等效果;采集试验动物血液和心率等指标,以评估麻醉对试验动物生理常数的影响。结果表明:该药物组合作用于红耳龟使得诱导期时长为(12.11±2.86)min,且可提供(51.89±7.21)min的有效麻醉时间,麻醉过程中试验动物表现平稳,无不良反应。使用颉颃剂阿替美唑(0.5mg/kg)进行肌肉注射,试验动物在(18.22±4.42)min后完全苏醒。麻醉操作对试验动物血液生化指标和心率影响总体不显著。说明该组合和剂量适合作为水栖龟类的临床麻醉。
文摘开展了背甲下静脉窦采血应激时长对红耳龟生长性能和血液参数的影响试验。选取体质量、背甲长和背甲宽规格接近的48只红耳龟,平均放入6个塑料箱中,设置手握应激时长1、3、6、9、18和36 min 6个试验组,即A、B、C、D、E和F组。结果表明,手握应激时长对A、B、C、D、E和F组的体质量、背甲长和背甲宽均无显著影响(P>0.05)。A、B、C、D、E和F组的嗜异性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞的占比组间均无显著差异(P>0.05);C组和D组单核细胞的占比较低,F组最高,但组间差异不显著(P>0.05);B组淋巴细胞的占比显著高于E和F组(P<0.05)。B组嗜异性粒细胞和淋巴细胞比值最低,F组最高,但组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。指出,背甲下静脉窦采血技术简单实用,无须复杂的仪器设备,就能获得足量血液,可用于其他淡水龟类研究。
文摘针对巴西龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)在广东养殖过程中发生慢性死亡的现象,对病龟肠道病理组织学和病原学进行了研究,并对病龟开展了防治实验。结果表明:病龟肠道前中段上皮细胞有虫体寄生,分离到圆形至椭圆形的卵囊,平均大小为11.7μm×13.8μm。每个孢子化卵囊含4个孢子囊,每个孢子囊内有2个子孢子;经口人工感染的幼龟肠道中段粘膜层有病原侵入,并出现纤维素性炎症。通过分析确认此病症为艾美耳球虫(Eimeria coccidium)感染所致。对病龟采用抗球虫药磺胺氯吡嗪进行治疗,有一定的治疗效果。
文摘应用5种特异性哺乳动物胃肠激素抗血清,采用卵白素-生物素-过氧化物酶复合物(Avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex,ABC)免疫组织化学法,对红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)消化道内分泌细胞进行了鉴别和定位研究。结果显示:大多数内分泌细胞呈楔形、梭形或烧瓶形,少数呈圆形或椭圆形。5-羟色胺和生长抑素细胞在消化道各段均有分布,分别以胃幽门部和十二指肠、胃体部为最高,在食道和空肠处最低。胰高血糖素和胃泌素细胞均在直肠处密度最高,但分布型不同。血管活性肠肽细胞在胃幽门部密度最高,回肠未见。
文摘为了探讨土壤酸化对红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)和中华条颈龟(Mauremys sinensis)孵化及稚龟血液生理指标的影响,在孵化温度为(30±0.5)℃,孵化基质pH分别为4、5、6、7的条件下,对比研究了两种龟卵孵化率、畸形率、孵化期和血液生理指标的变化。结果表明,两种龟卵孵化率均随孵化基质pH的降低而降低,pH为4时可使胚胎致死,pH为7、6、5处理同种龟不同处理间和同种处理不同种之间孵化率差异不显著(P>0.05);pH降低红耳龟孵化期缩短,胚胎发育加速,胚胎发育正常,而中华条颈龟畸形率升高(P<0.05);两种稚龟血细胞变化不同,红耳龟红细胞长、短径变长,长短径比增加,红细胞数、白细胞数显著增加(P<0.05),中华条颈龟各项血液生理指标差异不显著。对比研究各项指标可知,红耳龟通过减少畸形率、提高急性应激刺激阈值,增强了对酸胁迫的耐受性。
文摘2010年7月至2011年4月、2011年8月至2012年8月,在海南万泉河琼海段,应用无线电遥测技术研究了外来物种红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)和本地种中华条颈龟(Mauremys sinensis)的家域。采用最小凸多边形法和线家域法计算了所有个体的家域大小和不同个体间家域的重叠状况。结果表明:(1)红耳龟和中华条颈龟的家域面积分别为(8.15±2.83)hm2、(5.82±3.95)hm2,线家域分别为(534.07±74.98)m、(504.00±222.96)m;(2)两种龟的家域面积和长度均无种间差异;(3)成年雌性红耳龟的家域面积和长度显著大于雄性;(4)红耳龟和中华条颈龟家域的种内重叠度分别为0.27±0.02、0.08±0.06,并且红耳龟家域的种内重叠度显著大于中华条颈龟;(5)红耳龟与中华条颈龟家域的种间重叠度为0.20±0.02。本文研究结果提示,红耳龟在野外对本地种中华条颈龟具有潜在的竞争威胁。
文摘研究孵化基质中硝酸铵胁迫对红耳龟Trachemys scripta elegans和中华条颈龟Mauremys sinensis孵化及稚龟血液生理指标的影响,采用不同浓度硝酸铵(0mg/L,0.01mg/L,0.1mg/L)处理基质,在(30±0.5)℃下对两种龟卵进行孵化。结果表明:红耳龟的孵化率显著高于中华条颈龟(P<0.05),血细胞数量和形态变化明显,0.1mg/LNH4NO3处理组红细胞数和白细胞数分别为(9.68±2.91)×1011个/L和(1.11±0.18)×1010个/L,显著高于对照组(P<0.05),红细胞长短径比(1.71±0.14)与对照组和0.01mg/LNH4NO3处理组差异显著(P<0.05);中华条颈龟血细胞数量和形态在各个处理组间未见显著差异。对比研究各项指标可知,红耳龟可以通过增加血细胞数量和改变红细胞形态提高免疫力对抗硝酸铵胁迫,提示对环境的适应性强于中华条颈龟。
文摘为比较外来种红耳龟Trachemys scripta elegans与本地种中华条颈龟Mauremys sinensis耐饥饿能力强弱,分别于2009年8月～2010年4月和2010年7～8月对外来种红耳龟和本地种中华条颈龟进行耐饥饿能力的长期(8个月)和短期(2个月)实验的比较研究。长期实验控制食物因子,短期实验控制饥饿时间。长期实验结果表明,中华条颈龟食物缺乏组体重特定增长率极显著低于食物充分组(P<0.01),而红耳龟体重特定增长率在两试验组之间无显著差异(P>0.05);在食物转化率方面,红耳龟食物缺乏组高于食物充分组,而中华条颈龟却相反。短期实验结果表明,中华条颈龟饥饿组体重特定增长率显著低于对照组(正常饲喂组)(P<0.05),而红耳龟饥饿组体重特定增长率与食物对照组无显著差异(P>0.05);中华条颈龟饥饿组肝重极显著小于对照组(P<0.01),红耳龟肝重两组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上表明红耳龟耐饥饿能力强于中华条颈龟。
文摘在一些爬行动物中,个体的性别完全取决于胚胎发育过程中的环境温度,称之为温度依赖型性别决定(temperaturedependent sex determination,TSD).TSD的分子机制长期是个谜,特别是调控早期性腺分化的分子基础仍不清楚.本文通过表达分析和基因敲低手段研究了Sox9基因在红耳龟雄性性腺分化中的生物学功能,为TSD动物的性别决定和性腺发育的分子机制的研究奠定了基础.qRT-PCR显示,从性腺分化前的17期起,Sox9呈现产雄温度(male-producing temperature,MPT)性腺特异性高表达,而在产雌温度(female-producing temperature,FPT)性腺中表达水平极低.免疫组化进一步证实了SOX9蛋白的MPT特异性表达趋势,其定位于Sertoli前体细胞核中.温度置换实验显示,与MPT性腺相比,MPT→FPT性腺中(16期置换)的Sox9表达量从17期起就显著降低,表明Sox9能快速响应温度变化.同时MPT性腺经过雌激素处理后,Sox9表达量亦快速下调.功能缺失研究显示,经过Sox9-RNAi处理后,90.9%(20/22)的MPT性腺结构明显雌性化,皮质区高度发育,髓质区退化,揭示Sox9的敲低能导致雄性向雌性性逆转.上述研究表明,Sox9是红耳龟早期睾丸分化的关键调控因子,参与TSD的雄性分化通路.
