Healthcare waste management (HCWM) is an important aspect of healthcare delivery globally because of its hazardous and infectious components that have potential for adverse health and environmental impacts. The paper ...Healthcare waste management (HCWM) is an important aspect of healthcare delivery globally because of its hazardous and infectious components that have potential for adverse health and environmental impacts. The paper introduces a set of indicators for assessing HCWM systems in hospitals. These indicators are: HCWM policies and standard operating procedures, management and oversight, logistics and budget support, training and occupational health and safety, and treatment, disposal and waste treatment equipment housing. By plotting a mark on a continuum which is defined as good and poor on the extremes and is connected with all other marks in a spoke arrangement, it’s possible to describe a baseline for HCWM in any specific hospital. This baseline can be used to improve awareness of the actors and policy-makers, compare the same hospital at a different point in time, to compare observations by different evaluators and to track improvements. Results suggest that in Kenya, the application of such indicators is useful for evaluating which priorities should be addressed to improve outcomes in HCWM systems. Systematic sampling technique was used to identify and collect data by use of observational checklist, interviews, visual verification and review of documents and a HCWM assessment tool. The objective is to suggest an integrated management tool as a method to identify prevailing problems with a HCWM system. The method can be replicated in other contexts worldwide, with a focus on the developing world. The integrated indicators focus on management of HCW and not its potential impact on human health and environment, an area recognized to be critical for future research.展开更多
In order to carry out the different network question meaning the research to like the protocol interaction,the network dynamics' function,the measurable quantity waits for it is the necessary delivery is including...In order to carry out the different network question meaning the research to like the protocol interaction,the network dynamics' function,the measurable quantity waits for it is the necessary delivery is including.Thus,the network simulation may use in showing or quite interesting network performance and so on.Part two aim is provides the type of development tool,including consider such as cost,ease to use and limitations of software packages.The report is to meets the system specification requirement immediately the available component.展开更多
Through a comprehensive review of the development status of workover technology of PetroChina Company Limited(PetroChina), this paper presents the connotation of workover operation under the background of the new era,...Through a comprehensive review of the development status of workover technology of PetroChina Company Limited(PetroChina), this paper presents the connotation of workover operation under the background of the new era, the latest progress of workover operation in the respects of equipment, tools, technology and the construction of information and standardization. The gaps between PetroChina and foreign counterpart in workover technology are as follows: the level of automation and intellectualization of tools and equipment is relatively low, the snubbing operation in gas wells characterized by HT/HP and high H2 S is lagged behind;water plugging in the long horizontal wellbore needs to be further developed, coiled tubing and its relevant equipment for ultra-deep well operation has to be optimized;informationization, standardization and big data application of workover operation need to be started. Based on this as well as the development status of workover technology in China and the technical difficulties faced in the future, eight suggestions for future development are put forward:(1) strengthen the dynamic understanding of reservoir and improve the pertinence of workover schemes;(2) develop the general overhaul technology in a systematical way to tackle issues of seriously problematic wells;(3) put more efforts into the research of horizontal well workover operation and develop relevant technology for long horizontal section operation;(4) improve the snubbing technology and extend its applications;(5) expand the capacity of coiled tubing operation and improve the level of special operations;(6) develop automatic workover technology into the field of artificial intelligence;(7) promote clean operation in an all-round way and build green oil and gas fields;(8) perfect the informationization construction to realize the sharing of workover resources.展开更多
Background Developmental delay(DD)poses challenges to children's overall development,necessitating early detection and intervention.Existing screening tools in China focus mainly on children with developmental iss...Background Developmental delay(DD)poses challenges to children's overall development,necessitating early detection and intervention.Existing screening tools in China focus mainly on children with developmental issues in two or more domains,diagnosed as global developmental delay(GDD).However,the recent rise of early childhood development(ECD)concepts has expanded the focus to include not only those with severe brain development impairments but also children who lag in specific domains due to various social-environmental factors,with the aim of promoting positive development through active intervention.To support this approach,corresponding screening tools need to be developed.Methods The current study used a two-phase design to develop and validate the Parent-Reported Indicator of Developmental Evaluation for Chinese Children(PRIDE)tool.In Phase 1,age-specific milestone forms for PRIDE were created through a survey conducted in urban and rural primary care clinics across four economic regions in China.In Phase 2,PRIDE was validated in a community-based sample.Sensitivity and specificity of both PRIDE and Ages and Stages Questionnaires(ASQ)-3 were estimated using inverse probability weights(IPW)and multiple imputation(MI)to address planned and unplanned missing data.Results In Phase 1 involving a total of 1160 participants aged 1 to 48 months,63 items were selected from the initial item pool to create 10 age-specific PRIDE forms.Our Phase 2 study included 777 children within the same age range.PRIDE demonstrated an estimated sensitivity and specificity of 83.3%[95%confidence interval(CI):56.8%–100.0%]and 84.9%(95%CI:82.8%–86.9%)in the identification of DD.Conclusion The findings suggest that PRIDE holds promise as a sensitive tool for detecting DD in community settings.展开更多
The rapid advancement of nanopore metagenomic sequencing has revolutionized microbiome research,enabling significant breakthroughs in the study of microbial communities,ecological dynamics,and genome-level functions[1...The rapid advancement of nanopore metagenomic sequencing has revolutionized microbiome research,enabling significant breakthroughs in the study of microbial communities,ecological dynamics,and genome-level functions[1–5].This innovative sequencing technology stands out due to its ability to generate long sequencing reads,which are pivotal in resolving complex microbial genomic structures that short-read sequencing often fails to address[2,6].展开更多
The major functions of an engineering-practical expert system(ESW) and the main features of an expert system development tool(QHWEST) for arc welding procedure are introduced. A brief description is given for the deve...The major functions of an engineering-practical expert system(ESW) and the main features of an expert system development tool(QHWEST) for arc welding procedure are introduced. A brief description is given for the development background, process and principal techniques of the two software systems.展开更多
This paper demonstrates the general character of some technology designing processes through their analysisand introduces a developing tool for the expert system in technology design.With this tool a particular domain...This paper demonstrates the general character of some technology designing processes through their analysisand introduces a developing tool for the expert system in technology design.With this tool a particular domain ex-pert can directly establish a knowledge base so as to form a practical expert system,and thus enhanca correctness ofknowledge experssion and the developing efficiency of the expert system.It also discusses in detail the mech-anism of reasoning,interpreting and knowledge obtaining.The knowledge base consists of three parts:classifyingrules,essential data,and regulating rules.It can be formed by means of the expert dialouge and edition.In its ap-plication,the knowledge base can constantly accumulate successful experience to achieve itsself-study function.The paper shows the way to describe the knowledge in a particular domain and the process of applying this tool ina particular domain. The tool is written in Turb-Prolog language,And an expert system for cocoon cooking isprovided.展开更多
A two streams system seems to exist for tactile perception.We asked kindergarten children to identify(semantic)and describe the function of grasped unseen instruments of their daily life(fork,knife,spoon,brush,toothbr...A two streams system seems to exist for tactile perception.We asked kindergarten children to identify(semantic)and describe the function of grasped unseen instruments of their daily life(fork,knife,spoon,brush,toothbrush,pencil,and scissor),and then,to simulate its use(pragmatic).The capacity to describe the function of the set of instruments was significantly superior to that of identifying them by name,although there was a significant direct association between identification and description of the function in the responses to the set of instruments.The simulation of the instrument function was of two types:(i)use―the child simulated how the instrument is grasped and used;and(ii)incorporation―the child simulated the function of the instrument with her/his own hand.The results support the hypothesis of a two streams tactile system(semantic and pragmatic),and that kindergarten children have the ability to incorporate functional properties of instruments of their daily life,probably as a support for language development.展开更多
In this paper, we identify a set of factors that may be used to forecast software productivity and software development time. Software productivity was measured in function points per person hours, and software develo...In this paper, we identify a set of factors that may be used to forecast software productivity and software development time. Software productivity was measured in function points per person hours, and software development time was measured in number of elapsed days. Using field data on over 130 field software projects from various industries, we empirically test the impact of team size, integrated computer aided software engineering (ICASE) tools, software development type, software development platform, and programming language type on the software development productivity and development time. Our results indicate that team size, software development type, software development platform, and programming language type significantly impact software development productivity. However, only team size significantly impacts software development time. Our results indicate that effective management of software development teams, and using different management strategies for different software development type environments may improve software development productivity.展开更多
文摘Healthcare waste management (HCWM) is an important aspect of healthcare delivery globally because of its hazardous and infectious components that have potential for adverse health and environmental impacts. The paper introduces a set of indicators for assessing HCWM systems in hospitals. These indicators are: HCWM policies and standard operating procedures, management and oversight, logistics and budget support, training and occupational health and safety, and treatment, disposal and waste treatment equipment housing. By plotting a mark on a continuum which is defined as good and poor on the extremes and is connected with all other marks in a spoke arrangement, it’s possible to describe a baseline for HCWM in any specific hospital. This baseline can be used to improve awareness of the actors and policy-makers, compare the same hospital at a different point in time, to compare observations by different evaluators and to track improvements. Results suggest that in Kenya, the application of such indicators is useful for evaluating which priorities should be addressed to improve outcomes in HCWM systems. Systematic sampling technique was used to identify and collect data by use of observational checklist, interviews, visual verification and review of documents and a HCWM assessment tool. The objective is to suggest an integrated management tool as a method to identify prevailing problems with a HCWM system. The method can be replicated in other contexts worldwide, with a focus on the developing world. The integrated indicators focus on management of HCW and not its potential impact on human health and environment, an area recognized to be critical for future research.
文摘In order to carry out the different network question meaning the research to like the protocol interaction,the network dynamics' function,the measurable quantity waits for it is the necessary delivery is including.Thus,the network simulation may use in showing or quite interesting network performance and so on.Part two aim is provides the type of development tool,including consider such as cost,ease to use and limitations of software packages.The report is to meets the system specification requirement immediately the available component.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05010,2016ZX05023).
文摘Through a comprehensive review of the development status of workover technology of PetroChina Company Limited(PetroChina), this paper presents the connotation of workover operation under the background of the new era, the latest progress of workover operation in the respects of equipment, tools, technology and the construction of information and standardization. The gaps between PetroChina and foreign counterpart in workover technology are as follows: the level of automation and intellectualization of tools and equipment is relatively low, the snubbing operation in gas wells characterized by HT/HP and high H2 S is lagged behind;water plugging in the long horizontal wellbore needs to be further developed, coiled tubing and its relevant equipment for ultra-deep well operation has to be optimized;informationization, standardization and big data application of workover operation need to be started. Based on this as well as the development status of workover technology in China and the technical difficulties faced in the future, eight suggestions for future development are put forward:(1) strengthen the dynamic understanding of reservoir and improve the pertinence of workover schemes;(2) develop the general overhaul technology in a systematical way to tackle issues of seriously problematic wells;(3) put more efforts into the research of horizontal well workover operation and develop relevant technology for long horizontal section operation;(4) improve the snubbing technology and extend its applications;(5) expand the capacity of coiled tubing operation and improve the level of special operations;(6) develop automatic workover technology into the field of artificial intelligence;(7) promote clean operation in an all-round way and build green oil and gas fields;(8) perfect the informationization construction to realize the sharing of workover resources.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(823B2087)Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(GWVI-11.2-XD16)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China Joint Fund Project(U23A20170)Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(Child Neurological and Psychological Development Screening and Intervention Project),Shanghai Key Laboratory of Child Brain and Development(24dz2260100).
文摘Background Developmental delay(DD)poses challenges to children's overall development,necessitating early detection and intervention.Existing screening tools in China focus mainly on children with developmental issues in two or more domains,diagnosed as global developmental delay(GDD).However,the recent rise of early childhood development(ECD)concepts has expanded the focus to include not only those with severe brain development impairments but also children who lag in specific domains due to various social-environmental factors,with the aim of promoting positive development through active intervention.To support this approach,corresponding screening tools need to be developed.Methods The current study used a two-phase design to develop and validate the Parent-Reported Indicator of Developmental Evaluation for Chinese Children(PRIDE)tool.In Phase 1,age-specific milestone forms for PRIDE were created through a survey conducted in urban and rural primary care clinics across four economic regions in China.In Phase 2,PRIDE was validated in a community-based sample.Sensitivity and specificity of both PRIDE and Ages and Stages Questionnaires(ASQ)-3 were estimated using inverse probability weights(IPW)and multiple imputation(MI)to address planned and unplanned missing data.Results In Phase 1 involving a total of 1160 participants aged 1 to 48 months,63 items were selected from the initial item pool to create 10 age-specific PRIDE forms.Our Phase 2 study included 777 children within the same age range.PRIDE demonstrated an estimated sensitivity and specificity of 83.3%[95%confidence interval(CI):56.8%–100.0%]and 84.9%(95%CI:82.8%–86.9%)in the identification of DD.Conclusion The findings suggest that PRIDE holds promise as a sensitive tool for detecting DD in community settings.
文摘The rapid advancement of nanopore metagenomic sequencing has revolutionized microbiome research,enabling significant breakthroughs in the study of microbial communities,ecological dynamics,and genome-level functions[1–5].This innovative sequencing technology stands out due to its ability to generate long sequencing reads,which are pivotal in resolving complex microbial genomic structures that short-read sequencing often fails to address[2,6].
文摘The major functions of an engineering-practical expert system(ESW) and the main features of an expert system development tool(QHWEST) for arc welding procedure are introduced. A brief description is given for the development background, process and principal techniques of the two software systems.
文摘This paper demonstrates the general character of some technology designing processes through their analysisand introduces a developing tool for the expert system in technology design.With this tool a particular domain ex-pert can directly establish a knowledge base so as to form a practical expert system,and thus enhanca correctness ofknowledge experssion and the developing efficiency of the expert system.It also discusses in detail the mech-anism of reasoning,interpreting and knowledge obtaining.The knowledge base consists of three parts:classifyingrules,essential data,and regulating rules.It can be formed by means of the expert dialouge and edition.In its ap-plication,the knowledge base can constantly accumulate successful experience to achieve itsself-study function.The paper shows the way to describe the knowledge in a particular domain and the process of applying this tool ina particular domain. The tool is written in Turb-Prolog language,And an expert system for cocoon cooking isprovided.
文摘A two streams system seems to exist for tactile perception.We asked kindergarten children to identify(semantic)and describe the function of grasped unseen instruments of their daily life(fork,knife,spoon,brush,toothbrush,pencil,and scissor),and then,to simulate its use(pragmatic).The capacity to describe the function of the set of instruments was significantly superior to that of identifying them by name,although there was a significant direct association between identification and description of the function in the responses to the set of instruments.The simulation of the instrument function was of two types:(i)use―the child simulated how the instrument is grasped and used;and(ii)incorporation―the child simulated the function of the instrument with her/his own hand.The results support the hypothesis of a two streams tactile system(semantic and pragmatic),and that kindergarten children have the ability to incorporate functional properties of instruments of their daily life,probably as a support for language development.
文摘In this paper, we identify a set of factors that may be used to forecast software productivity and software development time. Software productivity was measured in function points per person hours, and software development time was measured in number of elapsed days. Using field data on over 130 field software projects from various industries, we empirically test the impact of team size, integrated computer aided software engineering (ICASE) tools, software development type, software development platform, and programming language type on the software development productivity and development time. Our results indicate that team size, software development type, software development platform, and programming language type significantly impact software development productivity. However, only team size significantly impacts software development time. Our results indicate that effective management of software development teams, and using different management strategies for different software development type environments may improve software development productivity.
