Introduction:Non-cycloplegic refraction is widely utilized in vision screening.However,interpreting non-cycloplegic refraction results remains a significant challenge in both clinical practice and public health settin...Introduction:Non-cycloplegic refraction is widely utilized in vision screening.However,interpreting non-cycloplegic refraction results remains a significant challenge in both clinical practice and public health settings.This study aimed to establish grade-and sexspecific reference values for non-cycloplegic spherical equivalent(SE)to enhance myopia screening and risk prediction among Chinese students.Methods:A comprehensive study was conducted between 2020 and 2024,involving 67,260 students from kindergarten through high school across 10 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)in China.The Lambda-Mu-Sigma method was employed to model non-cycloplegic SE.Reference values were established by calculating SE centiles corresponding to myopia and high myopia prevalence across grades 0 through 12.Results:Among boys,the estimated prevalence of myopia and high myopia increased from 1.2%and<0.1%in grade 0(senior kindergarten)to 82.4%and 11.6%in grade 12(third year of high school),respectively.For twelfth-grade boys,the 82.4th and 11.6th percentiles of SE(–0.99 D and–6.16 D)were established as reference values for screening myopia and high myopia,respectively.The corresponding percentiles in lower grades served as predictive reference values for grade 12 outcomes.For instance,a grade-0 boy with non-cycloplegic SE>0.70 D(82.4th percentile)was predicted to remain free of myopia before grade 12.Similarly,SE>–0.73 D(11.6th percentile)indicated a low likelihood of developing high myopia before grade 12.Conclusions:This study established comprehensive non-cycloplegic SE reference values for screening and predicting myopia among Chinese students.The methodology developed here may be applicable to other regions where student myopia prevalence patterns demonstrate relative stability.展开更多
基金Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China,National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2702102)the Beijing Municipal Health Commission High-level Public Health Technical Talent Construction Project(Leading Talent-01-09).
文摘Introduction:Non-cycloplegic refraction is widely utilized in vision screening.However,interpreting non-cycloplegic refraction results remains a significant challenge in both clinical practice and public health settings.This study aimed to establish grade-and sexspecific reference values for non-cycloplegic spherical equivalent(SE)to enhance myopia screening and risk prediction among Chinese students.Methods:A comprehensive study was conducted between 2020 and 2024,involving 67,260 students from kindergarten through high school across 10 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)in China.The Lambda-Mu-Sigma method was employed to model non-cycloplegic SE.Reference values were established by calculating SE centiles corresponding to myopia and high myopia prevalence across grades 0 through 12.Results:Among boys,the estimated prevalence of myopia and high myopia increased from 1.2%and<0.1%in grade 0(senior kindergarten)to 82.4%and 11.6%in grade 12(third year of high school),respectively.For twelfth-grade boys,the 82.4th and 11.6th percentiles of SE(–0.99 D and–6.16 D)were established as reference values for screening myopia and high myopia,respectively.The corresponding percentiles in lower grades served as predictive reference values for grade 12 outcomes.For instance,a grade-0 boy with non-cycloplegic SE>0.70 D(82.4th percentile)was predicted to remain free of myopia before grade 12.Similarly,SE>–0.73 D(11.6th percentile)indicated a low likelihood of developing high myopia before grade 12.Conclusions:This study established comprehensive non-cycloplegic SE reference values for screening and predicting myopia among Chinese students.The methodology developed here may be applicable to other regions where student myopia prevalence patterns demonstrate relative stability.
