Objective: To improve the detecting accuracy of chromosomal aneuploidy of fetus by non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) using next generation sequencing data of pregnant women’s cell-free DNA. Methods: We proposed th...Objective: To improve the detecting accuracy of chromosomal aneuploidy of fetus by non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) using next generation sequencing data of pregnant women’s cell-free DNA. Methods: We proposed the multi-Z method which uses 21 z-scores for each autosomal chromosome to detect aneuploidy of the chromosome, while the conventional NIPT method uses only one z-score. To do this, mapped read numbers of a certain chromosome were normalized by those of the other 21 chromosomes. Average and standard deviation (SD), which are used for calculating z-score of each sample, were obtained with normalized values between all autosomal chromosomes of control samples. In this way, multiple z-scores can be calculated for 21 autosomal chromosomes except oneself. Results: Multi-Z method showed 100% sensitivity and specificity for 187 samples sequenced to 3 M reads while the conventional NIPT method showed 95.1% specificity. Similarly, for 216 samples sequenced to 1 M reads, Multi-Z method showed 100% sensitivity and 95.6% specificity and the conventional NIPT method showed a result of 75.1% specificity. Conclusion: Multi-Z method showed higher accuracy and robust results than the conventional method even at low coverage reads.展开更多
This paper proposes useful guidance on the choice of threshold for binary forecasts. In weather forecast systems, the probabilistic forecast cannot be used directly when estimated too smoothly. In this case, the binar...This paper proposes useful guidance on the choice of threshold for binary forecasts. In weather forecast systems, the probabilistic forecast cannot be used directly when estimated too smoothly. In this case, the binary forecast, whether a meteorological event will occur or not, is preferable to the probabilistic forecast. A threshold is needed to generate a binary forecast, and the guidance in this paper encompasses the use of skill scores for the choice of threshold according to the forecast pattern. The forecast pattern consists of distribution modes of estimated probabilities, occurrence rates of observations, and variation modes. This study is performed via Monte-Carlo simulation, with 48 forecast patterns considered. Estimated probabilities are generated by random variate sampling from five distributions separately. Varying the threshold from 0 to 1, binary forecasts are generated by threshold. For the assessment of binary forecast models, a 2×2 contingency table is used and four skill scores （Heidke skill score, hit rate, true skill statistic, and threat score） are compared for each forecast pattern. As a result, guidance on the choice of skill score to find the optimal threshold is proposed.展开更多
目的 比较韶音后挂式骨导助听器对不同类型听力损失患者的听力干预短期效果,探讨其临床应用前景。方法 55例听力损失患者(年龄18~82岁;传导性听力损失9例,感音神经性听力损失15例,混合性听力损失31例;左右耳0.5、1、2、4 kHz四个频率的...目的 比较韶音后挂式骨导助听器对不同类型听力损失患者的听力干预短期效果,探讨其临床应用前景。方法 55例听力损失患者(年龄18~82岁;传导性听力损失9例,感音神经性听力损失15例,混合性听力损失31例;左右耳0.5、1、2、4 kHz四个频率的骨导纯音听阈均≤60 dB HL)配戴韶音后挂式骨导助听器,分别于配戴助听器前和配戴第14±2 d行声场总体听阈、单音节识别率及安静环境语句识别阈测试,比较配戴助听器前后的结果差异。并于配戴第14±2 d使用IOI-HA问卷对助听器使用效果进行评估。结果 患者配戴后挂式骨导式助听器后声场四个频率平均听阈(39.3±4.9 dB HL)较配戴前(56.5±8.2 dB HL)显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。患者助听前单音节识别率(给声强度:患者助听前双音节言语识别阈减5 dB)为29.8%±11.4%,配戴第14±2 d为72.4%±14.4%,配戴后单音节识别率显著提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。患者语句识别阈由配戴前的48.6±9.7 dB HL降至34.3±5.6 dB HL,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。配戴14±2 d时IOI-HA问卷评估总分平均值为29.0±3.8分。结论 后挂式骨导助听器可显著提高传导性、0.5~4 kHz骨导纯音听阈不超过60 dB HL的混合性及感音神经性听力损失患者的听力及言语识别能力。展开更多
针对说话人确认中,各目标话者模型输出评分分布不一致而导致系统确认阈值设置的困难,本文采取了通过评分规整确定系统最小检测代价函数(DCF)确认阈值的方法。在分析了已有的两种评分规整方法Z norm a l-ization和T norm a lization的基...针对说话人确认中,各目标话者模型输出评分分布不一致而导致系统确认阈值设置的困难,本文采取了通过评分规整确定系统最小检测代价函数(DCF)确认阈值的方法。在分析了已有的两种评分规整方法Z norm a l-ization和T norm a lization的基础上,提出了一种结合两者优点的组合规整方法——TZ norm a lization,并据此给出了一种阈值动态修正方法,有效地提高了系统的性能和阈值选取的鲁棒性。对历年的N IST(手机电话语音)评测语料库进行了实验,表明了该方法的有效性。展开更多
目的：探讨个性化疼痛护理管理对全膝关节置换术后患者疼痛评分和心境状态的影响。方法：选取2014年1月~2015年6月我院全膝关节置换术患者60例，随机等分成对照组和试验组，对照组给予常规护理，试验组给予个性化疼痛护理。比较两组患...目的：探讨个性化疼痛护理管理对全膝关节置换术后患者疼痛评分和心境状态的影响。方法：选取2014年1月~2015年6月我院全膝关节置换术患者60例，随机等分成对照组和试验组，对照组给予常规护理，试验组给予个性化疼痛护理。比较两组患者在不同时间点的疼痛、焦虑和抑郁评分以及患者和家属的满意度。结果：试验组患者的疼痛评分低于对照组，试验组患者的 SAS 评分和 SDS 评分明显低于对照组。患者及其家属对治疗和护理的满意度明显高于对照组。结论：个性化疼痛护理减轻关节置换术后患者的疼痛，而且能够对患者的心境状态有更加积极的影响。展开更多
文摘Objective: To improve the detecting accuracy of chromosomal aneuploidy of fetus by non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) using next generation sequencing data of pregnant women’s cell-free DNA. Methods: We proposed the multi-Z method which uses 21 z-scores for each autosomal chromosome to detect aneuploidy of the chromosome, while the conventional NIPT method uses only one z-score. To do this, mapped read numbers of a certain chromosome were normalized by those of the other 21 chromosomes. Average and standard deviation (SD), which are used for calculating z-score of each sample, were obtained with normalized values between all autosomal chromosomes of control samples. In this way, multiple z-scores can be calculated for 21 autosomal chromosomes except oneself. Results: Multi-Z method showed 100% sensitivity and specificity for 187 samples sequenced to 3 M reads while the conventional NIPT method showed 95.1% specificity. Similarly, for 216 samples sequenced to 1 M reads, Multi-Z method showed 100% sensitivity and 95.6% specificity and the conventional NIPT method showed a result of 75.1% specificity. Conclusion: Multi-Z method showed higher accuracy and robust results than the conventional method even at low coverage reads.
文摘This paper proposes useful guidance on the choice of threshold for binary forecasts. In weather forecast systems, the probabilistic forecast cannot be used directly when estimated too smoothly. In this case, the binary forecast, whether a meteorological event will occur or not, is preferable to the probabilistic forecast. A threshold is needed to generate a binary forecast, and the guidance in this paper encompasses the use of skill scores for the choice of threshold according to the forecast pattern. The forecast pattern consists of distribution modes of estimated probabilities, occurrence rates of observations, and variation modes. This study is performed via Monte-Carlo simulation, with 48 forecast patterns considered. Estimated probabilities are generated by random variate sampling from five distributions separately. Varying the threshold from 0 to 1, binary forecasts are generated by threshold. For the assessment of binary forecast models, a 2×2 contingency table is used and four skill scores （Heidke skill score, hit rate, true skill statistic, and threat score） are compared for each forecast pattern. As a result, guidance on the choice of skill score to find the optimal threshold is proposed.
文摘目的 比较韶音后挂式骨导助听器对不同类型听力损失患者的听力干预短期效果,探讨其临床应用前景。方法 55例听力损失患者(年龄18~82岁;传导性听力损失9例,感音神经性听力损失15例,混合性听力损失31例;左右耳0.5、1、2、4 kHz四个频率的骨导纯音听阈均≤60 dB HL)配戴韶音后挂式骨导助听器,分别于配戴助听器前和配戴第14±2 d行声场总体听阈、单音节识别率及安静环境语句识别阈测试,比较配戴助听器前后的结果差异。并于配戴第14±2 d使用IOI-HA问卷对助听器使用效果进行评估。结果 患者配戴后挂式骨导式助听器后声场四个频率平均听阈(39.3±4.9 dB HL)较配戴前(56.5±8.2 dB HL)显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。患者助听前单音节识别率(给声强度:患者助听前双音节言语识别阈减5 dB)为29.8%±11.4%,配戴第14±2 d为72.4%±14.4%,配戴后单音节识别率显著提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。患者语句识别阈由配戴前的48.6±9.7 dB HL降至34.3±5.6 dB HL,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。配戴14±2 d时IOI-HA问卷评估总分平均值为29.0±3.8分。结论 后挂式骨导助听器可显著提高传导性、0.5~4 kHz骨导纯音听阈不超过60 dB HL的混合性及感音神经性听力损失患者的听力及言语识别能力。
文摘针对说话人确认中,各目标话者模型输出评分分布不一致而导致系统确认阈值设置的困难,本文采取了通过评分规整确定系统最小检测代价函数(DCF)确认阈值的方法。在分析了已有的两种评分规整方法Z norm a l-ization和T norm a lization的基础上,提出了一种结合两者优点的组合规整方法——TZ norm a lization,并据此给出了一种阈值动态修正方法,有效地提高了系统的性能和阈值选取的鲁棒性。对历年的N IST(手机电话语音)评测语料库进行了实验,表明了该方法的有效性。
文摘目的：探讨个性化疼痛护理管理对全膝关节置换术后患者疼痛评分和心境状态的影响。方法：选取2014年1月~2015年6月我院全膝关节置换术患者60例，随机等分成对照组和试验组，对照组给予常规护理，试验组给予个性化疼痛护理。比较两组患者在不同时间点的疼痛、焦虑和抑郁评分以及患者和家属的满意度。结果：试验组患者的疼痛评分低于对照组，试验组患者的 SAS 评分和 SDS 评分明显低于对照组。患者及其家属对治疗和护理的满意度明显高于对照组。结论：个性化疼痛护理减轻关节置换术后患者的疼痛，而且能够对患者的心境状态有更加积极的影响。
