Senior high school education belongs to semipublic goods in China as the payout of senior high school is provided by public finance and market. Some key high schools ask for very high school-selection fee, which is a ...Senior high school education belongs to semipublic goods in China as the payout of senior high school is provided by public finance and market. Some key high schools ask for very high school-selection fee, which is a great burden on many families. And higher and higher school-selection fee is against social justice and endangers social environment＇s harmonious and steady. The paper analyzes the reasons and influences of school-selection fee, and points out some suggestions.展开更多
In essence,the negotiation of license fees on standard essential patent(SEP)belongs to a kind of market be⁃havior,and the pricing right should be given to the market subjects under the requirements of patent law.In re...In essence,the negotiation of license fees on standard essential patent(SEP)belongs to a kind of market be⁃havior,and the pricing right should be given to the market subjects under the requirements of patent law.In recent years,the frequent disputes on SEP license fees witnessed in the industrial and academic worlds,together with the lack of systematic supporting functions like FRAND,make SEP pricing excessively reliant on judicial judgment in practice.Fortunately,a variety of pricing methods have been proposed by theoretical research and practiced in judicial cases,which provide possible solutions for the license fee pricing of SEP from the operational level.In this paper,by focusing on the characteristics of the existing SEP pricing methods in the academic fields and judicial system,the dispute caused by license fees of SEP is clarified firstly,then by combining and interpreting twelve existing pricing methods of license fee of SEP with academic literature and judicial cases,four categories of methods are composed based on the application stages and calculation logic.Thirdly,the application barriers and dilemmas caused by the inherent limita⁃tions of the four categories of methods are analyzed,and the possible ways to put these methods into practice are ex⁃plored.Lastly,suggestions are presented from the aspects of preconditions for application,pricing stages,dispute reso⁃lution mechanisms,and comprehensive applications.The purpose of this paper is to provide enlightenment for getting back on track with the pricing right and further optimization of the pricing mechanism of license fees of SEP.展开更多
目的探讨国内外药学服务收费研究现状、热点及工作实践进展。方法检索中国知网、万方、维普、Web of Science(WOS)核心数据库、PubMed数据库1993年1月至2024年10月收录的药学服务收费相关文献,运用CiteSpace软件对关键词、研究主题及发...目的探讨国内外药学服务收费研究现状、热点及工作实践进展。方法检索中国知网、万方、维普、Web of Science(WOS)核心数据库、PubMed数据库1993年1月至2024年10月收录的药学服务收费相关文献,运用CiteSpace软件对关键词、研究主题及发文作者、机构、国家等可视化,并进行对比分析。结果筛选后共纳入文献4517篇,其中中文826篇,英文3691篇。国内、国外分别于2011年和2020年达发文量峰值,且国外相关研究起始开展时间早于国内。共现频次靠前的关键词,国内包括“药事服务费”(153次)、“药学服务”(116次)、“服务费”(88次)等,国外包括“primary care”(237次)、“community pharmacy”(206次)、“health policy”(203次)等;国内以史录文等学者贡献较大,开展研究较多的机构有北京大学等,研究热点主要集中在药学服务、药物治疗管理、补偿机制等方面。国外以Simoens Steven等学者贡献较大,开展研究较多的机构有Department of Medicine等,更关注具体疾病的药事管理及其经济性。结论当前国内药学服务发展虽与国外存在差距,但发展迅速且内容日益多元化、专业化。在此背景下,设立药学服务费并加快制订服务标准与合理定价十分必要。该研究可为相关政策制订与学术研究提供参考。展开更多
文摘Senior high school education belongs to semipublic goods in China as the payout of senior high school is provided by public finance and market. Some key high schools ask for very high school-selection fee, which is a great burden on many families. And higher and higher school-selection fee is against social justice and endangers social environment＇s harmonious and steady. The paper analyzes the reasons and influences of school-selection fee, and points out some suggestions.
基金Hierarchical Identification and Cross-Layer Correlation of Key Core Technologies from the Perspective of Industrial Chain Structure (National Social Science Fund of China, 24BTQ067)Chongqing Education Commission (CEC) Funding:Research on the Co-governance Mechanism of Patent Quality Based on the Dual-Filter Perspective(24SKGH213)Chongqing Graduate Education and Teaching Funding:Research on the Interdisciplinary Law of Intellectual Property and Optimization of Graduate Talent Training Mode(yjg213122)。
文摘In essence,the negotiation of license fees on standard essential patent(SEP)belongs to a kind of market be⁃havior,and the pricing right should be given to the market subjects under the requirements of patent law.In recent years,the frequent disputes on SEP license fees witnessed in the industrial and academic worlds,together with the lack of systematic supporting functions like FRAND,make SEP pricing excessively reliant on judicial judgment in practice.Fortunately,a variety of pricing methods have been proposed by theoretical research and practiced in judicial cases,which provide possible solutions for the license fee pricing of SEP from the operational level.In this paper,by focusing on the characteristics of the existing SEP pricing methods in the academic fields and judicial system,the dispute caused by license fees of SEP is clarified firstly,then by combining and interpreting twelve existing pricing methods of license fee of SEP with academic literature and judicial cases,four categories of methods are composed based on the application stages and calculation logic.Thirdly,the application barriers and dilemmas caused by the inherent limita⁃tions of the four categories of methods are analyzed,and the possible ways to put these methods into practice are ex⁃plored.Lastly,suggestions are presented from the aspects of preconditions for application,pricing stages,dispute reso⁃lution mechanisms,and comprehensive applications.The purpose of this paper is to provide enlightenment for getting back on track with the pricing right and further optimization of the pricing mechanism of license fees of SEP.
文摘目的探讨国内外药学服务收费研究现状、热点及工作实践进展。方法检索中国知网、万方、维普、Web of Science(WOS)核心数据库、PubMed数据库1993年1月至2024年10月收录的药学服务收费相关文献,运用CiteSpace软件对关键词、研究主题及发文作者、机构、国家等可视化,并进行对比分析。结果筛选后共纳入文献4517篇,其中中文826篇,英文3691篇。国内、国外分别于2011年和2020年达发文量峰值,且国外相关研究起始开展时间早于国内。共现频次靠前的关键词,国内包括“药事服务费”(153次)、“药学服务”(116次)、“服务费”(88次)等,国外包括“primary care”(237次)、“community pharmacy”(206次)、“health policy”(203次)等;国内以史录文等学者贡献较大,开展研究较多的机构有北京大学等,研究热点主要集中在药学服务、药物治疗管理、补偿机制等方面。国外以Simoens Steven等学者贡献较大,开展研究较多的机构有Department of Medicine等,更关注具体疾病的药事管理及其经济性。结论当前国内药学服务发展虽与国外存在差距,但发展迅速且内容日益多元化、专业化。在此背景下,设立药学服务费并加快制订服务标准与合理定价十分必要。该研究可为相关政策制订与学术研究提供参考。
