Throughout its more than 5000-year history, China has a long tradition of encouraging active engagement in physical and sport activities This enduring tradition, however, has been facing some major headwinds as China ...Throughout its more than 5000-year history, China has a long tradition of encouraging active engagement in physical and sport activities This enduring tradition, however, has been facing some major headwinds as China continues to expe- rience demographic and environmental changes related to aging, urbanization, and lifestyle shifts.展开更多
Purpose:Despite the growing emphasis on promoting school collaborations,few quantitative studies have investigated the relationship between school-to-school collaboration and student learning,particularly outside the ...Purpose:Despite the growing emphasis on promoting school collaborations,few quantitative studies have investigated the relationship between school-to-school collaboration and student learning,particularly outside the United Kingdom and the United States.This study examines the effects of Shanghai's Strong School Project(SSP),a policy initiated in 2018 to improve low-achieving schools through partnerships with high-performing schools,on students'academic achievement and explores potential mediating factors.Design/Approach/Methods:We used data from the 20l8 and 202I waves of the evaluation of middle school quality in Shanghai,including test scores in Chinese,English,Math,and Sciences,and surveys of students,teachers,and principals.Our analysis employed difference-in-differences(DID),propensity score matching combined with DID analysis(PSM-DID),and causal mediation analysis within the framework of DID.Findings:School-to-school collaboration through SSP significantly enhanced test scores in all four subjects.The most pronounced effect was in Math,with a 0.67 standard deviation increase,followed by Chinese at 0.63 standard deviation.Causal mediation analysis indicated that improvements in academic performance primarily stemmed from enhanced peer relationships and principal leadership.Originality/Value:This study provides quantitative evidence linking school-to-school collaboration with student learning outcomes,highlighting positive associations between collaboration and school outcomes in China,adding to the predominant literature from the United Kingdom and the United States.展开更多
The widespread utilisation of tunnel boring machines(TBMs)in underground construction engineering requires a detailed investigation of the cutter-rock interaction.In this paper,we conduct a series of largescale standi...The widespread utilisation of tunnel boring machines(TBMs)in underground construction engineering requires a detailed investigation of the cutter-rock interaction.In this paper,we conduct a series of largescale standing rotary cutting tests on granite in conjunction with high-fidelity numerical simulations based on a particle-type discrete element method(DEM)to explore the effects of key cutting parameters on the TBM cutter performance and the distribution of cutter-rock contact stresses.The assessment results of cutter performance obtained from the cutting tests and numerical simulations reveal similar dependencies on the key cutting parameters.More specifically,the normal and rolling forces exhibit a positive correlation with penetration but are slightly influenced by the cutting radius.In contrast,the side force decreases as the cutting radius increases.Additionally,the side force shows a positive relationship with the penetration for smaller cutting radii but tends to become negative as the cutting radius increases.The cutter's relative effectiveness in rock breaking is significantly impacted by the penetration but shows little dependency on the cutting radius.Consequently,an optimal penetration is identified,leading to a low boreability index and specific energy.A combined Hertz-Weibull function is developed to fit the cutter-rock contact stress distribution obtained in DEM simulations,whereby an improved CSM(Colorado School of Mines)model is proposed by replacing the original monotonic cutting force distribution with this combined Hertz-Weibull model.The proposed model outperforms the original CSM model as demonstrated by a comparison of the estimated cutting forces with those from the tests/simulations.The findings from this work that advance our understanding of TBM cutter performance have important implications for improving the efficiency and reliability of TBM tunnelling in granite.展开更多
The management of College Students’ status is a professional policy work. The point of regulating college students’learningbehavior is registration management. According to the analysis on the issue of popular educa...The management of College Students’ status is a professional policy work. The point of regulating college students’learningbehavior is registration management. According to the analysis on the issue of popular education stage of college registration management,it’s important to reinforce the registration management of affi liated college and put forward work ideas, formulate detailed measures. Thatcan regulate and optimize students’ learning behavior and promote school spirit, teaching style, study style, improve the effectiveness of theeducation of students.展开更多
Purpose:This article examines how 34 teachers self-assessed their work with the nine Assessment for Learning(AfL)strategies in teaching and their own suggestions for improvement as evidenced by the reflective statemen...Purpose:This article examines how 34 teachers self-assessed their work with the nine Assessment for Learning(AfL)strategies in teaching and their own suggestions for improvement as evidenced by the reflective statements given on reflection forms.Design/Approach/Methods:The sample was a group of 34 teachers from 10 primary schools and 10 kindergartens who have participated in the project.School Development Officers(SDOs)were assigned to conduct class observations in the schools,in which they recorded whether the teachers had used the AfL strategies in teaching.The SDOs would also share and discuss the comments with the teachers who had returned the self-reflection forms in which they wrote their feedback on the research questions.Findings:The findings show that teachers in kindergartens and teachers in primary schools might have different emphases on the nine AfL strategies in teaching.Their own suggested room for improvement in practicing AfL skills has provided insights for enhancing teaching effectiveness.Originality/Value:We propose that reflective practices can generate a"reflective spiral"of planning,acting,observing,and then reflecting.The study shows that reflective practitioners become professional experts who are able to assure thequality of teaching by self-enhancement and self-improvement.展开更多
文摘Throughout its more than 5000-year history, China has a long tradition of encouraging active engagement in physical and sport activities This enduring tradition, however, has been facing some major headwinds as China continues to expe- rience demographic and environmental changes related to aging, urbanization, and lifestyle shifts.
基金financial support for the research,authorship,and/or publication of this article:This work was supported by the Shanghai Pujiang Talent Program(grant number 22PJC056).
文摘Purpose:Despite the growing emphasis on promoting school collaborations,few quantitative studies have investigated the relationship between school-to-school collaboration and student learning,particularly outside the United Kingdom and the United States.This study examines the effects of Shanghai's Strong School Project(SSP),a policy initiated in 2018 to improve low-achieving schools through partnerships with high-performing schools,on students'academic achievement and explores potential mediating factors.Design/Approach/Methods:We used data from the 20l8 and 202I waves of the evaluation of middle school quality in Shanghai,including test scores in Chinese,English,Math,and Sciences,and surveys of students,teachers,and principals.Our analysis employed difference-in-differences(DID),propensity score matching combined with DID analysis(PSM-DID),and causal mediation analysis within the framework of DID.Findings:School-to-school collaboration through SSP significantly enhanced test scores in all four subjects.The most pronounced effect was in Math,with a 0.67 standard deviation increase,followed by Chinese at 0.63 standard deviation.Causal mediation analysis indicated that improvements in academic performance primarily stemmed from enhanced peer relationships and principal leadership.Originality/Value:This study provides quantitative evidence linking school-to-school collaboration with student learning outcomes,highlighting positive associations between collaboration and school outcomes in China,adding to the predominant literature from the United Kingdom and the United States.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52278407 and 52378407)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M732670)the support by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation.
文摘The widespread utilisation of tunnel boring machines(TBMs)in underground construction engineering requires a detailed investigation of the cutter-rock interaction.In this paper,we conduct a series of largescale standing rotary cutting tests on granite in conjunction with high-fidelity numerical simulations based on a particle-type discrete element method(DEM)to explore the effects of key cutting parameters on the TBM cutter performance and the distribution of cutter-rock contact stresses.The assessment results of cutter performance obtained from the cutting tests and numerical simulations reveal similar dependencies on the key cutting parameters.More specifically,the normal and rolling forces exhibit a positive correlation with penetration but are slightly influenced by the cutting radius.In contrast,the side force decreases as the cutting radius increases.Additionally,the side force shows a positive relationship with the penetration for smaller cutting radii but tends to become negative as the cutting radius increases.The cutter's relative effectiveness in rock breaking is significantly impacted by the penetration but shows little dependency on the cutting radius.Consequently,an optimal penetration is identified,leading to a low boreability index and specific energy.A combined Hertz-Weibull function is developed to fit the cutter-rock contact stress distribution obtained in DEM simulations,whereby an improved CSM(Colorado School of Mines)model is proposed by replacing the original monotonic cutting force distribution with this combined Hertz-Weibull model.The proposed model outperforms the original CSM model as demonstrated by a comparison of the estimated cutting forces with those from the tests/simulations.The findings from this work that advance our understanding of TBM cutter performance have important implications for improving the efficiency and reliability of TBM tunnelling in granite.
文摘The management of College Students’ status is a professional policy work. The point of regulating college students’learningbehavior is registration management. According to the analysis on the issue of popular education stage of college registration management,it’s important to reinforce the registration management of affi liated college and put forward work ideas, formulate detailed measures. Thatcan regulate and optimize students’ learning behavior and promote school spirit, teaching style, study style, improve the effectiveness of theeducation of students.
文摘Purpose:This article examines how 34 teachers self-assessed their work with the nine Assessment for Learning(AfL)strategies in teaching and their own suggestions for improvement as evidenced by the reflective statements given on reflection forms.Design/Approach/Methods:The sample was a group of 34 teachers from 10 primary schools and 10 kindergartens who have participated in the project.School Development Officers(SDOs)were assigned to conduct class observations in the schools,in which they recorded whether the teachers had used the AfL strategies in teaching.The SDOs would also share and discuss the comments with the teachers who had returned the self-reflection forms in which they wrote their feedback on the research questions.Findings:The findings show that teachers in kindergartens and teachers in primary schools might have different emphases on the nine AfL strategies in teaching.Their own suggested room for improvement in practicing AfL skills has provided insights for enhancing teaching effectiveness.Originality/Value:We propose that reflective practices can generate a"reflective spiral"of planning,acting,observing,and then reflecting.The study shows that reflective practitioners become professional experts who are able to assure thequality of teaching by self-enhancement and self-improvement.
