Jasmine(Jasminum sambac Aiton)is a well-known cultivated plant species for its fragrant flowers used in the perfume industry and cosmetics.However,the genetic basis of its floral scent is largely unknown.In this study...Jasmine(Jasminum sambac Aiton)is a well-known cultivated plant species for its fragrant flowers used in the perfume industry and cosmetics.However,the genetic basis of its floral scent is largely unknown.In this study,using PacBio,Illumina,10×Genomics and highthroughput chromosome conformation capture(Hi-C)sequencing technologies,a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome for J.sambac was obtained,exploiting a double-petal phenotype cultivar‘Shuangbanmoli’(JSSB).The results showed that the final assembled genome of JSSB is 580.33 Mb in size(contig N50=1.05 Mb;scaffold N50=45.07 Mb)with a total of 39618 predicted protein-coding genes.Our analyses revealed that the JSSB genome has undergone an ancient whole-genome duplication(WGD)event at 91.68 million years ago(Mya).It was estimated that J.sambac diverged from the lineage leading to Olea europaea and Osmanthus fragrans about 28.8 Mya.On the basis of a combination of genomic,transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses,a range of floral scent volatiles and genes were identified involved in the benzenoid/phenylpropanoid and terpenoid biosynthesis pathways.The results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of its fragrance biosynthesis in jasmine.展开更多
Preference for uninfected mates is presumed beneficial as it minimizes one＇s risk of contracting an infection and infecting one＇s offspring. In avian systems, visual ornaments are often used to indi- cate parasite b...Preference for uninfected mates is presumed beneficial as it minimizes one＇s risk of contracting an infection and infecting one＇s offspring. In avian systems, visual ornaments are often used to indi- cate parasite burdens and facilitate mate choice. However, in mammals, olfactory cues have been proposed to act as a mechanism allowing potential mates to be discriminated by infection status. The effect of infection upon mammalian mate choice is mainly studied in captive rodents where ex- perimental trials support preference for the odors of uninfected mates and some data suggest scent marking is reduced in individuals with high infection burdens. Nevertheless, whether such effects occur in nonmodel and wild systems remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the interplay between parasite load （estimated using fecal egg counts） and scent marking behavior in a wild population of banded mongooses Mungos mungo. Focusing on a costly protozoan parasite of the genus Isospora and the nematode worm Toxocara, we first show that banded mongooses that engage in frequent, intensive scent marking have lower Isospora loads, suggesting marking behavior may be an indicator trait regarding infection status. We then use odor presentations to demonstrate that banded mongooses mark less in response to odors of opposite sexed individuals with high Isospora and Toxocara loads. As both of these parasites are known to have detrimental effects upon the health of preweaned young in other species, they would appear key targets to avoid during mate choice. Results provide support for scent as an important ornament and mechanism for advertising parasitic infection within wild mammals.展开更多
Diversity analysis among 23 rice varieties including 16 non-basmati scented accessions, 5 basmati accessions and 2 non-scented accessions was performed by random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） and inter-simple seq...Diversity analysis among 23 rice varieties including 16 non-basmati scented accessions, 5 basmati accessions and 2 non-scented accessions was performed by random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） and inter-simple sequence repeat （ISSR） marker systems. The varieties analyzed by 11 RAPD and 8 ISSR primers yielded an average of 65% and 80% polymorphism, respectively. The average number of polymorphic bands generated per RAPD primer was 6 and per ISSR primer was 5.87. RAPD and ISSR data analysis individually could not segregate basmati and non-basmati scented rice accessions. However, the analysis using a combined data could group basmati and non-basmati scented rice accessions separately. The bands present specifically among three accessions of non-basmati scented rice were also identified. The study revealed a high genetic diversity among non-basmati scented rice accessions.展开更多
We studied the influences of immune activation by thymus-dependent(sheep red blood cells,SRBC)and independent(bacterial lipopolysaccharide,LPS)antigens on odor signals and endocrine status in dwarf hamsters.Administra...We studied the influences of immune activation by thymus-dependent(sheep red blood cells,SRBC)and independent(bacterial lipopolysaccharide,LPS)antigens on odor signals and endocrine status in dwarf hamsters.Administration of SRBS to mature males resulted in a drop of sexual scent attractiveness of soiled bedding collected during 5 days after injection.This effect was accompanied with a decline of fecal testosterone.Reduction of the male scent attractiveness after SRBC treatment had maximum manifestation in males of dwarf hamsters with low humoral immune response to this challenge.Contrary to the effects of SRBC,males injected with LPS showed an increase of scent attractiveness.Differences in the time that mature females spent sniffing olfactory stimuli(LPS vs control),correlated positively with differences in concentration of testosterone in feces collected from LPS and saline treated males.We discuss the adaptive meaning of the opposite olfactory effects,which induced by activation of the nonspecific innate immunity with LPS and by activation of specific acquired immunity with SRBC.展开更多
Previous studies have shown that individuals responded preferentially to the mark of the top-scent donor relative to that of the bottom-scent donor of an over-mark. However, terrestrial mammals are likely to encounter...Previous studies have shown that individuals responded preferentially to the mark of the top-scent donor relative to that of the bottom-scent donor of an over-mark. However, terrestrial mammals are likely to encounter over-marks consisting of the scent marks of more than two same-sex conspecifics in the intersections of runways, near the nests of sexually receptive female conspecifics, and inside and along the borders of the territories of conspecifics. We determined how meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus, respond to the marks of the top-, middle-, and bottom-scent donors of an over-mark. We tested the hypothesis that voles exposed to an over-mark will respond preferentially to the scent marks that were deposited more recently, the scent marks that were on top or near the top of the over-mark, compared to the scent marks that were deposited earlier or near the bot- tom of the over-mark. Voles spent more time investigating the mark of the top-scent donor than that of the either the middle- or bottom-scent donor. However, males but not female voles spent more time investigating the middle-scent mark than the bot- tom-scent mark. We also tested the hypothesis that voles evaluate and respond to over-marks differently from single scent marks. Voles spent more time investigating the marks of the top-, middle-, and bottom-scent donors compared to scent marks that were not part of the over-mark. Voles can distinguish among the overlapping scent marks of three scent donors and sex differences exist in the values they appear to attach to each of these scent marks [Current Zoology 57 （4）： 441-448, 2011 ].展开更多
Many mammal species can distinguish between opposite-sex conspecifics that differ in a certain trait. In that coat coloration is associated with differences in physiological and behavioral traits, coat color may affec...Many mammal species can distinguish between opposite-sex conspecifics that differ in a certain trait. In that coat coloration is associated with differences in physiological and behavioral traits, coat color may affect the attractiveness of odor cues produced by conspecifics. Individuals may be able to respond preferentially to conspecifics with a particular coat color. In the present study, we test the hypothesis that scent marks of brown and blond voles differ in their attractiveness to male and fe- male conspecifics. Male voles and brown females did not discriminate between blond- and brown-coated opposite-sex con- specifics suggesting that they are neither selecting potential mates dissociatively nor associatively. However, blond females be- haved as if the scent marks of blond males were more attractive than were the scent marks of brown males. Our data suggest that blond females who are already conspicuous to predators, may select blond males as mates because they do not appreciably in- crease the risk of detection to predators, particularly avian predators. Moreover, because these conspicuous males have survived to mate they may have good genes that reflect their relatively higher quality展开更多
Containing higher aromatic composition,scented rice is better than ordinary rice varieties in taste and nutrition. Major composition of scented rice is 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline( 2-AP). Different scented rice varieties hav...Containing higher aromatic composition,scented rice is better than ordinary rice varieties in taste and nutrition. Major composition of scented rice is 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline( 2-AP). Different scented rice varieties have different content of 2-AP. The content of 2-AP is not only influenced by genetic factors,but also closely connected with types and content of nutrition elements in soil,soil moisture management,environmental temperature,and storage. 2-AP synthesis and regulation are possibly connected with Proline and enzyme.展开更多
This novel rice line is developed recently’by a research team led by Associate Prof QIU Baiqin, Crop Breeding and Cultivation Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Zhe 9248 is of high resistance to bl...This novel rice line is developed recently’by a research team led by Associate Prof QIU Baiqin, Crop Breeding and Cultivation Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Zhe 9248 is of high resistance to blast, early mature and of higher yield. Being soft, smooth, and glossy, the cooked rice of "Zhe 9248" has excellent eating quality. The kernels of "Zhe 9248" are hardened to such a degree that they could be capa-展开更多
We analyzed the inheritance of fragrance bysoaking rice grains or leafblades in 17g/l KOHsolution, using scented rice (Shengxiangjing 4)and non-scented rice (Huxuan 19 and Lao-laiqing) as materials. The Fplants of var...We analyzed the inheritance of fragrance bysoaking rice grains or leafblades in 17g/l KOHsolution, using scented rice (Shengxiangjing 4)and non-scented rice (Huxuan 19 and Lao-laiqing) as materials. The Fplants of various crosses did notpresent fragrance. In the Fthe segregating ra-tio of fragrance and non-fragrance plants and展开更多
From ancient scholars to modern youth,timeless scents like agarwood and jasmine continue to captivate,providing solace in a busy world古代文人标配的香文化,飘进了年轻人的日常When a sudden snow fell on the southern Chin...From ancient scholars to modern youth,timeless scents like agarwood and jasmine continue to captivate,providing solace in a busy world古代文人标配的香文化,飘进了年轻人的日常When a sudden snow fell on the southern Chinese city of Hangzhou in early 1090,scholar-official Su Shi(苏轼)smelled an opportunity.Handing his maid a wool brush and a mutton fat jade bowl,named for its rich,cream-white color,he told her to collect fresh snow from the plum blossoms in the courtyard.展开更多
This review examines the impact of aromatic scents on vital biological systems,particularly the nervous,respiratory,and cardiovascular systems.This study presents an integrated analysis of recent scientific findings,h...This review examines the impact of aromatic scents on vital biological systems,particularly the nervous,respiratory,and cardiovascular systems.This study presents an integrated analysis of recent scientific findings,highlighting both the therapeutic and potentially adverse effects of various essential oils.Evi-dence from studies published up to 2023 supports the notion that certain aro-mas can positively modulate neurological function,improve respiratory effi-ciency,and affect heart rate and blood pressure.However,this review also identified inconsistent findings and methodological limitations in the litera-ture.Based on the reviewed studies,this paper emphasizes the need for more rigorous and standardized clinical trials and proposes future research direc-tions to explore the optimal dosages and mechanisms of action.展开更多
Floral scent serves as a key criterion for evaluating the ornamental value of flowering plants.Herbaceous peony(Paeonia lactiflora Pall.),a traditional Chinese ornamental species,is valued for its vibrant coloration,i...Floral scent serves as a key criterion for evaluating the ornamental value of flowering plants.Herbaceous peony(Paeonia lactiflora Pall.),a traditional Chinese ornamental species,is valued for its vibrant coloration,intricate floral morphology,and positive cultural symbolism.In this study,dynamic headspace adsorption coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to analyze volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in flowers of 120 herbaceous peony cultivars at the half-opening stage.We detected 86 VOCs,comprising 25 aromatic compounds(79.70%),21 hydrocarbons(10.51%),29 terpenoids(8.37%),7 fatty acid derivatives(1.03%),and 4 heterocyclic compounds(0.38%).The cultivar‘Dr.Alexander Fleming’demonstrated the highest total VOC content,followed by‘Yuezhao Shanhe’and‘Daiyu’.The top five cultivars based on principal component analysis composite scores were‘Shajin Guanding’,‘Many Happy Returns’,‘Edulis Superba’,‘Huicui’,and‘Madame de Verneville’.The volatile compositions of these cultivars showed statistically representative characteristics.Aroma activity value analysis revealed 22 key aroma components(e.g.,3-hexen-1-ol,acetate,(Z)-,limonene,(E)-β-ocimene)and 15 modifying components(e.g.,methyl hexanoate,α-pinene,benzaldehyde).Domestic cultivars exhibited greater VOC diversity and higher content levels compared to introduced cultivars,with introduced cultivars demonstrating more pronounced compositional variation.Introduced cultivars primarily released nonanal and 1,4-dimethoxybenzene,associated with fruity-sweet notes,whereas domestic cultivars predominantly released 1,4-dimethoxybenzene and phenylethanol,characterized by sweet-floral aromas.Aromatic compounds primarily contributed to the overall aroma,with terpenoids as secondary contributors.This study systematically characterized the floral aroma components of herbaceous peony,providing a theoretical foundation for germplasm resource utilization in cut flower production,essential oil extraction,and aromatherapy applications.展开更多
Floral color and scent are crucial for plant-environment interactions,especially in reproduction by attracting pollinators for fertilization.They also have wide applications in cosmetic,pharmaceutical,and nutraceutica...Floral color and scent are crucial for plant-environment interactions,especially in reproduction by attracting pollinators for fertilization.They also have wide applications in cosmetic,pharmaceutical,and nutraceutical industries.Plant pigments are typically classified as chlorophylls,flavonoids,carotenoids,and betalains,while volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are grouped as terpenes,phenylpropanoids/benzenoids,and fatty acid derivatives.Significant progresses have been made in understanding the biosynthesis and regulation of these floral pigments and VOCs.Despite differences in their biosynthetic pathways,floral pigments and VOCs are biochemically connected and exhibit synergistic interactions during flower development and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses,suggesting the existence of pleiotropic regulators or complex mechanisms co-regulating their biosynthesis.In this review,we summarize and outline the metabolite pathways mainly integrating flavonoids,carotenoids,terpenes,and phenylpropanoids/benzenoids.We also provide a series of scenarios illustrating the coordinated regulation of floral color and scent.Finally,we suggest areas for future research.We hope this review will spark interest in this research direction and stimulate further studies.展开更多
韩素音国际翻译大赛于1989年创办,是中国翻译界组织时间最长、规模最大、影响最广的翻译大赛,并受到全国乃至海外青年翻译爱好者的欢迎和认可。第37届韩素音翻译大赛的英译汉竞赛原文是“Scent Makes a Place”,汉译英竞赛原文是“中华...韩素音国际翻译大赛于1989年创办,是中国翻译界组织时间最长、规模最大、影响最广的翻译大赛,并受到全国乃至海外青年翻译爱好者的欢迎和认可。第37届韩素音翻译大赛的英译汉竞赛原文是“Scent Makes a Place”,汉译英竞赛原文是“中华优秀传统文化的生命力”。本文以语义翻译与交际翻译理论为基础,选择“第37届韩素音翻译大赛”汉英与英汉竞赛原文为研究对象,从词汇层面、句法层面和语篇层面三个维度出发,探讨第37届韩素音翻译大赛的翻译过程。此外,本研究基于语义翻译与交际翻译理论的核心理念,探索这些原则在翻译实践中的实际应用,并在其中涉及了多种翻译方法,例如直译、意译以及增译、减译等。经过深入研究,为了更好地翻译出竞赛的文本,需要在语义上要注重原文的形式和结构,强调对原作者创作意图的忠实再现。在交际上,唤起读者心理或情绪方面的效果,同时满足中文读者的阅读偏好。 .展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31772338)the Basic Scientific Research Business Special Project of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.0090756100ZX)。
文摘Jasmine(Jasminum sambac Aiton)is a well-known cultivated plant species for its fragrant flowers used in the perfume industry and cosmetics.However,the genetic basis of its floral scent is largely unknown.In this study,using PacBio,Illumina,10×Genomics and highthroughput chromosome conformation capture(Hi-C)sequencing technologies,a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome for J.sambac was obtained,exploiting a double-petal phenotype cultivar‘Shuangbanmoli’(JSSB).The results showed that the final assembled genome of JSSB is 580.33 Mb in size(contig N50=1.05 Mb;scaffold N50=45.07 Mb)with a total of 39618 predicted protein-coding genes.Our analyses revealed that the JSSB genome has undergone an ancient whole-genome duplication(WGD)event at 91.68 million years ago(Mya).It was estimated that J.sambac diverged from the lineage leading to Olea europaea and Osmanthus fragrans about 28.8 Mya.On the basis of a combination of genomic,transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses,a range of floral scent volatiles and genes were identified involved in the benzenoid/phenylpropanoid and terpenoid biosynthesis pathways.The results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of its fragrance biosynthesis in jasmine.
文摘Preference for uninfected mates is presumed beneficial as it minimizes one＇s risk of contracting an infection and infecting one＇s offspring. In avian systems, visual ornaments are often used to indi- cate parasite burdens and facilitate mate choice. However, in mammals, olfactory cues have been proposed to act as a mechanism allowing potential mates to be discriminated by infection status. The effect of infection upon mammalian mate choice is mainly studied in captive rodents where ex- perimental trials support preference for the odors of uninfected mates and some data suggest scent marking is reduced in individuals with high infection burdens. Nevertheless, whether such effects occur in nonmodel and wild systems remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the interplay between parasite load （estimated using fecal egg counts） and scent marking behavior in a wild population of banded mongooses Mungos mungo. Focusing on a costly protozoan parasite of the genus Isospora and the nematode worm Toxocara, we first show that banded mongooses that engage in frequent, intensive scent marking have lower Isospora loads, suggesting marking behavior may be an indicator trait regarding infection status. We then use odor presentations to demonstrate that banded mongooses mark less in response to odors of opposite sexed individuals with high Isospora and Toxocara loads. As both of these parasites are known to have detrimental effects upon the health of preweaned young in other species, they would appear key targets to avoid during mate choice. Results provide support for scent as an important ornament and mechanism for advertising parasitic infection within wild mammals.
文摘Diversity analysis among 23 rice varieties including 16 non-basmati scented accessions, 5 basmati accessions and 2 non-scented accessions was performed by random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） and inter-simple sequence repeat （ISSR） marker systems. The varieties analyzed by 11 RAPD and 8 ISSR primers yielded an average of 65% and 80% polymorphism, respectively. The average number of polymorphic bands generated per RAPD primer was 6 and per ISSR primer was 5.87. RAPD and ISSR data analysis individually could not segregate basmati and non-basmati scented rice accessions. However, the analysis using a combined data could group basmati and non-basmati scented rice accessions separately. The bands present specifically among three accessions of non-basmati scented rice were also identified. The study revealed a high genetic diversity among non-basmati scented rice accessions.
文摘We studied the influences of immune activation by thymus-dependent(sheep red blood cells,SRBC)and independent(bacterial lipopolysaccharide,LPS)antigens on odor signals and endocrine status in dwarf hamsters.Administration of SRBS to mature males resulted in a drop of sexual scent attractiveness of soiled bedding collected during 5 days after injection.This effect was accompanied with a decline of fecal testosterone.Reduction of the male scent attractiveness after SRBC treatment had maximum manifestation in males of dwarf hamsters with low humoral immune response to this challenge.Contrary to the effects of SRBC,males injected with LPS showed an increase of scent attractiveness.Differences in the time that mature females spent sniffing olfactory stimuli(LPS vs control),correlated positively with differences in concentration of testosterone in feces collected from LPS and saline treated males.We discuss the adaptive meaning of the opposite olfactory effects,which induced by activation of the nonspecific innate immunity with LPS and by activation of specific acquired immunity with SRBC.
文摘Previous studies have shown that individuals responded preferentially to the mark of the top-scent donor relative to that of the bottom-scent donor of an over-mark. However, terrestrial mammals are likely to encounter over-marks consisting of the scent marks of more than two same-sex conspecifics in the intersections of runways, near the nests of sexually receptive female conspecifics, and inside and along the borders of the territories of conspecifics. We determined how meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus, respond to the marks of the top-, middle-, and bottom-scent donors of an over-mark. We tested the hypothesis that voles exposed to an over-mark will respond preferentially to the scent marks that were deposited more recently, the scent marks that were on top or near the top of the over-mark, compared to the scent marks that were deposited earlier or near the bot- tom of the over-mark. Voles spent more time investigating the mark of the top-scent donor than that of the either the middle- or bottom-scent donor. However, males but not female voles spent more time investigating the middle-scent mark than the bot- tom-scent mark. We also tested the hypothesis that voles evaluate and respond to over-marks differently from single scent marks. Voles spent more time investigating the marks of the top-, middle-, and bottom-scent donors compared to scent marks that were not part of the over-mark. Voles can distinguish among the overlapping scent marks of three scent donors and sex differences exist in the values they appear to attach to each of these scent marks [Current Zoology 57 （4）： 441-448, 2011 ].
文摘Many mammal species can distinguish between opposite-sex conspecifics that differ in a certain trait. In that coat coloration is associated with differences in physiological and behavioral traits, coat color may affect the attractiveness of odor cues produced by conspecifics. Individuals may be able to respond preferentially to conspecifics with a particular coat color. In the present study, we test the hypothesis that scent marks of brown and blond voles differ in their attractiveness to male and fe- male conspecifics. Male voles and brown females did not discriminate between blond- and brown-coated opposite-sex con- specifics suggesting that they are neither selecting potential mates dissociatively nor associatively. However, blond females be- haved as if the scent marks of blond males were more attractive than were the scent marks of brown males. Our data suggest that blond females who are already conspicuous to predators, may select blond males as mates because they do not appreciably in- crease the risk of detection to predators, particularly avian predators. Moreover, because these conspicuous males have survived to mate they may have good genes that reflect their relatively higher quality
基金Supported by Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research Project in Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(1630032014031)Special Fund for Scientific and Technological Project of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science"Research on Selection of High Efficient Varieties of Grain Crops in Hot Region"(0315012)
文摘Containing higher aromatic composition,scented rice is better than ordinary rice varieties in taste and nutrition. Major composition of scented rice is 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline( 2-AP). Different scented rice varieties have different content of 2-AP. The content of 2-AP is not only influenced by genetic factors,but also closely connected with types and content of nutrition elements in soil,soil moisture management,environmental temperature,and storage. 2-AP synthesis and regulation are possibly connected with Proline and enzyme.
文摘This novel rice line is developed recently’by a research team led by Associate Prof QIU Baiqin, Crop Breeding and Cultivation Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Zhe 9248 is of high resistance to blast, early mature and of higher yield. Being soft, smooth, and glossy, the cooked rice of "Zhe 9248" has excellent eating quality. The kernels of "Zhe 9248" are hardened to such a degree that they could be capa-
文摘We analyzed the inheritance of fragrance bysoaking rice grains or leafblades in 17g/l KOHsolution, using scented rice (Shengxiangjing 4)and non-scented rice (Huxuan 19 and Lao-laiqing) as materials. The Fplants of various crosses did notpresent fragrance. In the Fthe segregating ra-tio of fragrance and non-fragrance plants and
文摘From ancient scholars to modern youth,timeless scents like agarwood and jasmine continue to captivate,providing solace in a busy world古代文人标配的香文化,飘进了年轻人的日常When a sudden snow fell on the southern Chinese city of Hangzhou in early 1090,scholar-official Su Shi(苏轼)smelled an opportunity.Handing his maid a wool brush and a mutton fat jade bowl,named for its rich,cream-white color,he told her to collect fresh snow from the plum blossoms in the courtyard.
文摘This review examines the impact of aromatic scents on vital biological systems,particularly the nervous,respiratory,and cardiovascular systems.This study presents an integrated analysis of recent scientific findings,highlighting both the therapeutic and potentially adverse effects of various essential oils.Evi-dence from studies published up to 2023 supports the notion that certain aro-mas can positively modulate neurological function,improve respiratory effi-ciency,and affect heart rate and blood pressure.However,this review also identified inconsistent findings and methodological limitations in the litera-ture.Based on the reviewed studies,this paper emphasizes the need for more rigorous and standardized clinical trials and proposes future research direc-tions to explore the optimal dosages and mechanisms of action.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number U23A20211]the Key Scientific Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province[grant number 24A220001].
文摘Floral scent serves as a key criterion for evaluating the ornamental value of flowering plants.Herbaceous peony(Paeonia lactiflora Pall.),a traditional Chinese ornamental species,is valued for its vibrant coloration,intricate floral morphology,and positive cultural symbolism.In this study,dynamic headspace adsorption coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to analyze volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in flowers of 120 herbaceous peony cultivars at the half-opening stage.We detected 86 VOCs,comprising 25 aromatic compounds(79.70%),21 hydrocarbons(10.51%),29 terpenoids(8.37%),7 fatty acid derivatives(1.03%),and 4 heterocyclic compounds(0.38%).The cultivar‘Dr.Alexander Fleming’demonstrated the highest total VOC content,followed by‘Yuezhao Shanhe’and‘Daiyu’.The top five cultivars based on principal component analysis composite scores were‘Shajin Guanding’,‘Many Happy Returns’,‘Edulis Superba’,‘Huicui’,and‘Madame de Verneville’.The volatile compositions of these cultivars showed statistically representative characteristics.Aroma activity value analysis revealed 22 key aroma components(e.g.,3-hexen-1-ol,acetate,(Z)-,limonene,(E)-β-ocimene)and 15 modifying components(e.g.,methyl hexanoate,α-pinene,benzaldehyde).Domestic cultivars exhibited greater VOC diversity and higher content levels compared to introduced cultivars,with introduced cultivars demonstrating more pronounced compositional variation.Introduced cultivars primarily released nonanal and 1,4-dimethoxybenzene,associated with fruity-sweet notes,whereas domestic cultivars predominantly released 1,4-dimethoxybenzene and phenylethanol,characterized by sweet-floral aromas.Aromatic compounds primarily contributed to the overall aroma,with terpenoids as secondary contributors.This study systematically characterized the floral aroma components of herbaceous peony,providing a theoretical foundation for germplasm resource utilization in cut flower production,essential oil extraction,and aromatherapy applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32272751,32272750,31972445)the Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(Grant Nos.20220508112RC,20210101005JC)+1 种基金the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(Grant No.2023C02028)the China Scholarship Council(Grant No.202006625007)。
文摘Floral color and scent are crucial for plant-environment interactions,especially in reproduction by attracting pollinators for fertilization.They also have wide applications in cosmetic,pharmaceutical,and nutraceutical industries.Plant pigments are typically classified as chlorophylls,flavonoids,carotenoids,and betalains,while volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are grouped as terpenes,phenylpropanoids/benzenoids,and fatty acid derivatives.Significant progresses have been made in understanding the biosynthesis and regulation of these floral pigments and VOCs.Despite differences in their biosynthetic pathways,floral pigments and VOCs are biochemically connected and exhibit synergistic interactions during flower development and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses,suggesting the existence of pleiotropic regulators or complex mechanisms co-regulating their biosynthesis.In this review,we summarize and outline the metabolite pathways mainly integrating flavonoids,carotenoids,terpenes,and phenylpropanoids/benzenoids.We also provide a series of scenarios illustrating the coordinated regulation of floral color and scent.Finally,we suggest areas for future research.We hope this review will spark interest in this research direction and stimulate further studies.
文摘韩素音国际翻译大赛于1989年创办,是中国翻译界组织时间最长、规模最大、影响最广的翻译大赛,并受到全国乃至海外青年翻译爱好者的欢迎和认可。第37届韩素音翻译大赛的英译汉竞赛原文是“Scent Makes a Place”,汉译英竞赛原文是“中华优秀传统文化的生命力”。本文以语义翻译与交际翻译理论为基础,选择“第37届韩素音翻译大赛”汉英与英汉竞赛原文为研究对象,从词汇层面、句法层面和语篇层面三个维度出发,探讨第37届韩素音翻译大赛的翻译过程。此外,本研究基于语义翻译与交际翻译理论的核心理念,探索这些原则在翻译实践中的实际应用,并在其中涉及了多种翻译方法,例如直译、意译以及增译、减译等。经过深入研究,为了更好地翻译出竞赛的文本,需要在语义上要注重原文的形式和结构,强调对原作者创作意图的忠实再现。在交际上,唤起读者心理或情绪方面的效果,同时满足中文读者的阅读偏好。 .
