Observed and compared the morphological characters of various instars of Encyrtus sasakii Ishii parasitized in Eulecanium kuwanai Kanda. Microphotographs were taken of the bodies. Study shows that： Encyrtus sasakii I...Observed and compared the morphological characters of various instars of Encyrtus sasakii Ishii parasitized in Eulecanium kuwanai Kanda. Microphotographs were taken of the bodies. Study shows that： Encyrtus sasakii Ishii reproduces annually and overwinters as pupa in their host. Besides the individual differences resulting from development, the 1st and 2nd instar larvae have long breath pedicles in the end of abdomen, and with the larva molting during development, the exuvia accumulate at the end of the body, form a hollow sac called caudal sac that cover the breath pedicle during 3rd and 4th instar larvae. The scutulis of females are yellow, and foreside of wings is light fumed with a dark blotch covered by dense black thick hairs. While the males are black brown, the wing is light in color without a dark blotch.展开更多
The mitogenome is a double strand molecule that has become an extensively studied molecular marker used in the study of the phylogeny of insects.A recent study investigated the mitogenomes of Planococcus citri(Risso,1...The mitogenome is a double strand molecule that has become an extensively studied molecular marker used in the study of the phylogeny of insects.A recent study investigated the mitogenomes of Planococcus citri(Risso,1813)and Unaspis yanonensis(Kuwana,1923)published by PeerJ(Liu et al.2020).In our study,we determine that the putative“P.citri and U.yanonensis”mitogenomes did not originate from Coccoidea but from parasitic wasps in the Chalcidoidea.These results are based on the genetic distances of the barcoding sequences of cytochrome c oxidase I(COI)and on molecular identifications performed against the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool(BLAST)in NCBI.展开更多
Many tree planting programmes have long been initiated to increase forest cover to mitigate the effects of global climate change.Successful planting requires careful planning at the project level,including using suita...Many tree planting programmes have long been initiated to increase forest cover to mitigate the effects of global climate change.Successful planting requires careful planning at the project level,including using suitable species with favourable traits.However,there is a paucity of improvement data for tropical tree species.An experimental common garden of Shorea leprosula was established to study traits related to growth performance which are key factors in planting success.Seedlings of S.leprosula were collected from nine geographical forest reserves.To study the effects of genetic variation,seedlings were planted in a common environment following a randomized complete block design.From performance data collected 2017‒2019,one population showed the highest coefficient for relative height growth,significantly higher than most of the other populations.Interestingly,this population from Beserah also exhibited the lowest coefficient for scale insect infestation.This study provides preliminary results on growth performance and susceptibility to scale insect infestation in S.leprosula and the first common garden experiment site conducted on dipterocarp species.It lays a foundation for future genome-wide studies.展开更多
The paper reports 8 species of 7 genera of Encyrtidae, i. e. Anagyrus pseudococci, Cheiloneurus ceroplastis, Dusmetia fascipennis, Homalotylus ephippium associated with scale insects on trees, Isodromus atriventris...The paper reports 8 species of 7 genera of Encyrtidae, i. e. Anagyrus pseudococci, Cheiloneurus ceroplastis, Dusmetia fascipennis, Homalotylus ephippium associated with scale insects on trees, Isodromus atriventris, Isodromus collimaculatus sp. nov., Ooencyrtus kuvanae associated with lacewing insects, and Syrphophagus aeruginosus , a parasitoid of Syrphids. All specimens are deposited in the Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.展开更多
Scale insects comprise a diverse group of insects within superfamily Coccoidea in the suborder Sternorrhyncha,many of them are important pests of economic crops.The advent in next-generation sequencing(NGS)technologie...Scale insects comprise a diverse group of insects within superfamily Coccoidea in the suborder Sternorrhyncha,many of them are important pests of economic crops.The advent in next-generation sequencing(NGS)technologies has revolutionized conventional phylogenomic researches,causing a rapid accumulation of sequenced insect mitochondrial genomes.However,there have been few studies on the mitochondrial genome of diverse scale insect groups.By using NGS methods,the complete mitochondrial genome of Nipponaclerda biwakoensis was obtained in this study,representing the first mtDNA of the family Aclerdidae.The whole mitochondrial genome is 16,654 bp in length with an A+T content of 81.3%,including 13 protein-coding genes(PCGs),2 ribosomal RNAs,17 transfer RNAs and a control region.All PCGs begin with typical ATN codons and use standard TAA as their termination codons,except nad1 gene stopping with TAG.Meanwhile,this mitochondrial genome shows a unique gene rearrangement with a long fragment(trnP-trnC-trnI-nad2-trnY-trnT)insertion in the conserved region nad6-cob,which is novel to Hemiptera,even Insecta.The phylogeny reconstruction of Sternorrhyncha based on 13 PCGs and 2 rRNAs under Bayesian Inference method support a robust topology that Aleyrodoidea is the earliest branch of Sternorrhyncha,with Psylloidea as the sister group of the(Aphidoidea+Coccoidea)clade.展开更多
Based on a comparison of morphologies of the first-instar nymph of Hoffeinsia foldii Koteja,2008 and the adult male of Weitschatus stigmatus Koteja,2008 with those of Qinococcus podocarpus Wu,2022,the author considers...Based on a comparison of morphologies of the first-instar nymph of Hoffeinsia foldii Koteja,2008 and the adult male of Weitschatus stigmatus Koteja,2008 with those of Qinococcus podocarpus Wu,2022,the author considers that Weitschatus stigmatus is equivalent to Hoffeinsia foldii,syn.nov.(Weitschatidae).展开更多
A new armoured scale,Diaonidia litsea sp.nov.,is described and illustrated.It was found on Litsea monopetala(Roxb.)Pers.in Hainan,China.This new species can be easily distinguished by:the anterior spiracles each with ...A new armoured scale,Diaonidia litsea sp.nov.,is described and illustrated.It was found on Litsea monopetala(Roxb.)Pers.in Hainan,China.This new species can be easily distinguished by:the anterior spiracles each with 2–3 discoidal glands;pygidium with 2 pairs of well-developed lobes,and the area around mouthpart strongly sclerotized.An identification key to the adult females in the genus Diaonidia is also provided.展开更多
The Chinese white wax scale insect, Ericerus pela, can survive at extremely low temperatures, and some overwintering individuals exhibit supercooling at tempera- tures below -30℃. To investigate the deep supercooling...The Chinese white wax scale insect, Ericerus pela, can survive at extremely low temperatures, and some overwintering individuals exhibit supercooling at tempera- tures below -30℃. To investigate the deep supercooling ability ofE. pela, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were performed to delineate the major gene and protein families responsible for the deep supercooling ability of overwintering females. Gene Ontology （GO） classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） analysis indicated that genes involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase, calcium, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways and pathways associated with the biosynthesis of soluble sugars, sugar alcohols and free amino acids were dominant. Proteins responsible for low-temperature stress, such as cold acclimation proteins, glycerol biosynthesis-related enzymes and heat shock proteins （HSPs） were identified. However, no antifreeze proteins （AFPs） were identified through sequence similarity search methods. A random forest approach identified 388 putative AFPs in the proteome. The AFP gene ep-afp was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the expressed protein exhibited a thermal hysteresis activity of 0.97℃, suggesting its potential role in the deep supercooling ability ofE. pela.展开更多
The paper presents two new species of Cheiloneurini, Encyrtidae, collected from Liaoning and Jian-gsu, China. i.e. Ectroma loui Xu, sp. nov. , Platencyrtus aclerus Xu, sp. n. , which are described in detail.These two...The paper presents two new species of Cheiloneurini, Encyrtidae, collected from Liaoning and Jian-gsu, China. i.e. Ectroma loui Xu, sp. nov. , Platencyrtus aclerus Xu, sp. n. , which are described in detail.These two genara Ectroma Westwood and Platencyrtus Ferriere are first recorded from China, and are all parasi-toids of scale insects. All specimens are deposited in Institute of Applied Entomology, Agriculture & Biotechnology College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou.展开更多
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30471398)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi, China (20051066)
文摘Observed and compared the morphological characters of various instars of Encyrtus sasakii Ishii parasitized in Eulecanium kuwanai Kanda. Microphotographs were taken of the bodies. Study shows that： Encyrtus sasakii Ishii reproduces annually and overwinters as pupa in their host. Besides the individual differences resulting from development, the 1st and 2nd instar larvae have long breath pedicles in the end of abdomen, and with the larva molting during development, the exuvia accumulate at the end of the body, form a hollow sac called caudal sac that cover the breath pedicle during 3rd and 4th instar larvae. The scutulis of females are yellow, and foreside of wings is light fumed with a dark blotch covered by dense black thick hairs. While the males are black brown, the wing is light in color without a dark blotch.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772488)。
文摘The mitogenome is a double strand molecule that has become an extensively studied molecular marker used in the study of the phylogeny of insects.A recent study investigated the mitogenomes of Planococcus citri(Risso,1813)and Unaspis yanonensis(Kuwana,1923)published by PeerJ(Liu et al.2020).In our study,we determine that the putative“P.citri and U.yanonensis”mitogenomes did not originate from Coccoidea but from parasitic wasps in the Chalcidoidea.These results are based on the genetic distances of the barcoding sequences of cytochrome c oxidase I(COI)and on molecular identifications performed against the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool(BLAST)in NCBI.
基金supported by the Government of Malaysia under the 10th and 11th Malaysia Plan.
文摘Many tree planting programmes have long been initiated to increase forest cover to mitigate the effects of global climate change.Successful planting requires careful planning at the project level,including using suitable species with favourable traits.However,there is a paucity of improvement data for tropical tree species.An experimental common garden of Shorea leprosula was established to study traits related to growth performance which are key factors in planting success.Seedlings of S.leprosula were collected from nine geographical forest reserves.To study the effects of genetic variation,seedlings were planted in a common environment following a randomized complete block design.From performance data collected 2017‒2019,one population showed the highest coefficient for relative height growth,significantly higher than most of the other populations.Interestingly,this population from Beserah also exhibited the lowest coefficient for scale insect infestation.This study provides preliminary results on growth performance and susceptibility to scale insect infestation in S.leprosula and the first common garden experiment site conducted on dipterocarp species.It lays a foundation for future genome-wide studies.
基金Project funded by National Fund of Natural Science P.R.China!No.39970 620
文摘The paper reports 8 species of 7 genera of Encyrtidae, i. e. Anagyrus pseudococci, Cheiloneurus ceroplastis, Dusmetia fascipennis, Homalotylus ephippium associated with scale insects on trees, Isodromus atriventris, Isodromus collimaculatus sp. nov., Ooencyrtus kuvanae associated with lacewing insects, and Syrphophagus aeruginosus , a parasitoid of Syrphids. All specimens are deposited in the Department of Plant Protection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD1400200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801998,31772488,32070465)Yunnan Basic Research Fund for Youth(2019FD072).
文摘Scale insects comprise a diverse group of insects within superfamily Coccoidea in the suborder Sternorrhyncha,many of them are important pests of economic crops.The advent in next-generation sequencing(NGS)technologies has revolutionized conventional phylogenomic researches,causing a rapid accumulation of sequenced insect mitochondrial genomes.However,there have been few studies on the mitochondrial genome of diverse scale insect groups.By using NGS methods,the complete mitochondrial genome of Nipponaclerda biwakoensis was obtained in this study,representing the first mtDNA of the family Aclerdidae.The whole mitochondrial genome is 16,654 bp in length with an A+T content of 81.3%,including 13 protein-coding genes(PCGs),2 ribosomal RNAs,17 transfer RNAs and a control region.All PCGs begin with typical ATN codons and use standard TAA as their termination codons,except nad1 gene stopping with TAG.Meanwhile,this mitochondrial genome shows a unique gene rearrangement with a long fragment(trnP-trnC-trnI-nad2-trnY-trnT)insertion in the conserved region nad6-cob,which is novel to Hemiptera,even Insecta.The phylogeny reconstruction of Sternorrhyncha based on 13 PCGs and 2 rRNAs under Bayesian Inference method support a robust topology that Aleyrodoidea is the earliest branch of Sternorrhyncha,with Psylloidea as the sister group of the(Aphidoidea+Coccoidea)clade.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772488).
文摘Based on a comparison of morphologies of the first-instar nymph of Hoffeinsia foldii Koteja,2008 and the adult male of Weitschatus stigmatus Koteja,2008 with those of Qinococcus podocarpus Wu,2022,the author considers that Weitschatus stigmatus is equivalent to Hoffeinsia foldii,syn.nov.(Weitschatidae).
基金supported by Scientific Research Platforms and Projects in Universities in Guangdong,China(2022KCXTD050)Natural Science Innovation Project of Education Department of Guangdong Province(2021KTSCX255)。
文摘A new armoured scale,Diaonidia litsea sp.nov.,is described and illustrated.It was found on Litsea monopetala(Roxb.)Pers.in Hainan,China.This new species can be easily distinguished by:the anterior spiracles each with 2–3 discoidal glands;pygidium with 2 pairs of well-developed lobes,and the area around mouthpart strongly sclerotized.An identification key to the adult females in the genus Diaonidia is also provided.
基金Acknowledgments This work was financially supported through a grant from the Special Fund for Forestry Research in the Public Interest （201304808, 201504302, 201204602）, Applied Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province （Grant No. 2013FA052, 2010ZC235）, National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 31572337, 31000983）, National High Technology Research and Development Program （＂863＂ Program） of China （2014AA021801）, National Nonprofit Institute Research Grant of RIRI-CAF （Grant No. riricaf200904M-3, riricaf2011006M）.
文摘The Chinese white wax scale insect, Ericerus pela, can survive at extremely low temperatures, and some overwintering individuals exhibit supercooling at tempera- tures below -30℃. To investigate the deep supercooling ability ofE. pela, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were performed to delineate the major gene and protein families responsible for the deep supercooling ability of overwintering females. Gene Ontology （GO） classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） analysis indicated that genes involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase, calcium, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways and pathways associated with the biosynthesis of soluble sugars, sugar alcohols and free amino acids were dominant. Proteins responsible for low-temperature stress, such as cold acclimation proteins, glycerol biosynthesis-related enzymes and heat shock proteins （HSPs） were identified. However, no antifreeze proteins （AFPs） were identified through sequence similarity search methods. A random forest approach identified 388 putative AFPs in the proteome. The AFP gene ep-afp was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the expressed protein exhibited a thermal hysteresis activity of 0.97℃, suggesting its potential role in the deep supercooling ability ofE. pela.
文摘The paper presents two new species of Cheiloneurini, Encyrtidae, collected from Liaoning and Jian-gsu, China. i.e. Ectroma loui Xu, sp. nov. , Platencyrtus aclerus Xu, sp. n. , which are described in detail.These two genara Ectroma Westwood and Platencyrtus Ferriere are first recorded from China, and are all parasi-toids of scale insects. All specimens are deposited in Institute of Applied Entomology, Agriculture & Biotechnology College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou.
