Mason Reset(MR),a groundbreaking invention by Clesson E.Mason in 1930 that later became a part of“the universal approach to process control instrumentation”,is revisited in this paper and is shown to consists of thr...Mason Reset(MR),a groundbreaking invention by Clesson E.Mason in 1930 that later became a part of“the universal approach to process control instrumentation”,is revisited in this paper and is shown to consists of three actions:fast(errorcorrection),medium(negative feedback for expanded proportional band)and slow(reset for zero steady-state error).The focus of the paper is on the reset action,generated from a positive feedback loop,and its underlying principles with profound implications to our understanding and practice of automatic control,both basic and advanced.For example,we note that reset control and integral control,contrary to common belief,differ fundamentally in design principle and in practicality.Such difference comes to a head in the event of integrator windup:while reset windup is a problem of actuator saturation,the integrator windup is a runaway situation due to controller instability.In fact,there is no advantage gained in replacing MR with an integrator.In other words,one should not integrate the error directly as in standard PID,since doing so makes the closed-loop system internally unstable.With MR-based control formulated in this paper,there is no such threat of instability and,therefore,no need for any anti-windup mechanisms.Furthermore,the integral control is made scalable in this framework as a tradeoff between the steady-state accuracy and the controller stability.This leads to a novel MR-based control design,scalable in gain and in time to accommodate various process characteristics and design specifications.Simple in construction and transparent in principle,this MR-based control,as a basic framework of design,is readily deployable in scale.展开更多
Diversity-biomass relationships(DBRs)in terrestrial ecosystems tend to vary across spatial scales,but,particularly in hyperdiverse forests,the mechanisms driving these trends remain uncertain.Until now,few have simult...Diversity-biomass relationships(DBRs)in terrestrial ecosystems tend to vary across spatial scales,but,particularly in hyperdiverse forests,the mechanisms driving these trends remain uncertain.Until now,few have simultaneously investigated the connections between tree species diversity,stand structural diversity,mycorrhizal associations,and ecosystem functioning.In addition,DBRs have only been studied at limited spatial scales,with limited focus on the direct and indirect effects of environmental factors.We addressed these research gaps using a 30-ha forest dynamics plot located in Pu'er City,Southwest China.Through piecewise structural equation models,we quantified the direct effects of tree species diversity(α,β,γ),stand structural diversity,mycorrhizal associations(AM,EcM),and the environmental factors(soil fertility and topography),as well as the indirect effects of the environmental factors on aboveground tree biomass across spatial scales ranging from 400 to 230,400 m^(2).We hypothesized that complex interactions among these factors underpin the variation in DBRs in natural ecosystems across spatial scales.Our results showed that environmental conditions indirectly affected the tree biomass via changes in tree species diversity,and these effects became stronger as the spatial scale increased.At small to moderate spatial scales,environmental factors were more predictive of tree biomass than tree species diversity(or its components);the effects of stand structural diversity on biomass also gradually increased with spatial scale.Conversely,from the intermediate to the largest spatial scales,mycorrhizal associations gradually became the best predictors of DBR dynamics.Our research offers novel empirical evidence demonstrating the importance of environmental conditions,structural diversity,and mycorrhizal associations in shaping cross-scale DBRs.Future comprehensive studies should consider these factors to assess the mechanisms shaping scale-dependent DBRs in complex natural ecosystems.展开更多
目的探讨慢性自发性荨麻疹(CSU)患者血清Mas相关G蛋白偶联受体成员X2(MRGPRX2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及IL-24的水平在发病中的意义。方法收集2023年9月—2023年12月就诊于徐州医科大学附属医院的CSU患者75例,作为病例组,并根据病情严重...目的探讨慢性自发性荨麻疹(CSU)患者血清Mas相关G蛋白偶联受体成员X2(MRGPRX2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及IL-24的水平在发病中的意义。方法收集2023年9月—2023年12月就诊于徐州医科大学附属医院的CSU患者75例,作为病例组,并根据病情严重程度分为轻度组、中度组、重度组,完成荨麻疹活动评分(urticaria activity score,UAS7)与慢性荨麻疹生活质量问卷评分(chronic urticaria quality of life questionnaire,CU-Q2oL);另选取60例健康者作为对照组。比较各组血清MRGPRX2、IL-6及IL-24水平,分析其与UAS7、CU-Q2oL得分的相关性。结果病例组血清MRGPRX2、IL-6及IL-24水平均高于对照组(P<0.05),CSU患者血清MRGPRX2、IL-6水平升高与其病情严重程度呈正相关(r=0.531,P<0.05;r=0.462,P<0.05),但IL-24水平升高与CSU患者病情严重程度无显著相关性(r=0.015,P>0.05)。经logistic回归分析显示,血清中MRGPRX2、IL-6、IL-24水平升高均是CSU发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。经受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析结果显示,血清中MRGPRX2、IL-6、IL-24水平3项指标联合预测的曲线下面积(AUC)高于单独指标(P<0.05)。结论血清MRGPRX2、IL-6及IL-24水平在CSU患者血清中呈高表达,且血清MRGPRX2、IL-6与其病情严重程度相关,三者联合检测CSU发生的效能优于各指标单独检测。展开更多
An improved model based on you only look once version 8(YOLOv8)is proposed to solve the problem of low detection accuracy due to the diversity of object sizes in optical remote sensing images.Firstly,the feature pyram...An improved model based on you only look once version 8(YOLOv8)is proposed to solve the problem of low detection accuracy due to the diversity of object sizes in optical remote sensing images.Firstly,the feature pyramid network(FPN)structure of the original YOLOv8 mode is replaced by the generalized-FPN(GFPN)structure in GiraffeDet to realize the"cross-layer"and"cross-scale"adaptive feature fusion,to enrich the semantic information and spatial information on the feature map to improve the target detection ability of the model.Secondly,a pyramid-pool module of multi atrous spatial pyramid pooling(MASPP)is designed by using the idea of atrous convolution and feature pyramid structure to extract multi-scale features,so as to improve the processing ability of the model for multi-scale objects.The experimental results show that the detection accuracy of the improved YOLOv8 model on DIOR dataset is 92%and mean average precision(mAP)is 87.9%,respectively 3.5%and 1.7%higher than those of the original model.It is proved the detection and classification ability of the proposed model on multi-dimensional optical remote sensing target has been improved.展开更多
Background The patient-reported Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale(DARS)has been adapted into Chinese,so there is a need to evaluate its measurement properties in a Chinese population.Aims To evaluate the reliability ...Background The patient-reported Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale(DARS)has been adapted into Chinese,so there is a need to evaluate its measurement properties in a Chinese population.Aims To evaluate the reliability and validity of the DARS among Chinese individuals with major depressive disorder(MDD)and its treatment sensitivity in a prospective clinical study.Methods Data were from a multicentre,prospective clinical study(NCT03294525),which recruited both patients with MDD,who were followed for 8 weeks,and healthy controls(HCs),assessed at baseline only.The analysis included confirmatory factor analysis,validity and sensitivity to change.Results Patients’mean(standard deviation(SD))age was 34.8(11.0)years,with 68.7%being female.75.2%of patients with MDD had melancholic features,followed by 63.8%with anxious distress.Patients had experienced MDD for a mean(SD)of 9.2(18)months.DARS scores covered the full range of severity with no major floor or ceiling effects.Confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate fit statistics(comparative fit index 0.976,goodness-of-fit index 0.935 and root mean square error of approximation 0.055).Convergent validity with anhedonia-related measures was confirmed.While the correlation between the DARS and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was not strong(r=0.31,baseline),the DARS was found to differentiate between levels of depression.Greater improvements in DARS scores were seen with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression responder group(effect size 1.16)compared with the non-responder group(effect size 0.46).Conclusions This study comprehensively evaluated the measurement properties of the DARS using a Chinese population with MDD.Overall,the Chinese version of DARS demonstrates good psychometric properties and has been found to be responsive to change during antidepressant treatment.The DARS is a suitable scale for assessing patient-reported anhedonia in future clinical trials.展开更多
Background The effectiveness of life skills-based prevention programs to prevent substance addiction has been underexplored in Türkiye,likely in part due to the lack of validated measurement tools developed speci...Background The effectiveness of life skills-based prevention programs to prevent substance addiction has been underexplored in Türkiye,likely in part due to the lack of validated measurement tools developed specifically for that purpose.Therefore,the aim of this study is to develop a tool to measure life skills for middle school students.The present study aims to test the factorial structure,reliability,convergent and discriminant validity,and measurement invariance across gender and age groups of the Green Crescent Life Skills(GCLS)Scale.Methods The study was conducted in Istanbul with two different sample groups.The first sample consisted of 566 and the second sample consisted of 885 middle school students.In the study,exploratory factor analysis(EFA)was applied to the first sample,and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)was applied to the second sample to test the factorial structure of the scale.Convergent and discriminant validity were examined to provide evidence for construct-based validity.The reliability of the scale was assessed with Cronbach’sα,composite reliability,McDonald’sω,and test-retest.Results The EFA results showed that the scale consisted of four factors(self-awareness,coping with negative emotions,thinking skills,and peer relations).CFA results also confirmed this structure.The results revealed a significant positive correlation(r=0.52,p<0.01)between life skills and avoidance self-efficacy scores,as well as a significant negative correlation(r=−0.53,p<0.01)between life skills and attitude toward drug use scores.Additionally,it was found that measurement invariances based on gender and age groups were provided.It was determined that all sub-dimensions had sufficient reliability levels.Conclusion The findings of this validation study show that the GCLS Scale,which assesses four skills in a self-reported format,is a valid and reliable scale with considerable potential utility in monitoring life skills in Turkish adolescent populations.展开更多
Loneliness is a complex and usually unpleasant emotional response to isolation,which has been considered the latest global health epidemic exacerbated by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic,affecting nearly twothird...Loneliness is a complex and usually unpleasant emotional response to isolation,which has been considered the latest global health epidemic exacerbated by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic,affecting nearly twothirds of older adults.Some profound health implications carried by loneliness include depression,cognitive impairment,hypertension and frailty.Across the world,there is no consensus definition of loneliness,and its measure is based on the phenomenological perspective of the individual.The 20-item University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale version 3(UCLA-20)is the most common measure.This scale demonstrates acceptable psychometric properties but is too long and complex for a phone interview.This paper addresses the increasing need to shorten this scale by adopting classical item response theory and network psychometrics to advance scale development.Through an item reduction analysis,we trimmed the original scale into an effective short form,which is as valid as the original one.With respondents’time at a premium in most research nowadays,this shortform scale is an efficient and practical alternative to the original UCLA-20.展开更多
BACKGROUND During the gradual decline of physical and social functioning associated with end-stage renal disease,patients might experience a premonition of impending death,resulting in a series of pre-mourning grief r...BACKGROUND During the gradual decline of physical and social functioning associated with end-stage renal disease,patients might experience a premonition of impending death,resulting in a series of pre-mourning grief responses called preparatory grief.The preparatory grief in advanced cancer patients(PGAC)scale is the most widely used preparatory grief scale for patients on hemodialysis in China.AIM To verify the reliability and validity of the PGAC scale in patients on hemodialysis.METHODS In total,327 patients undergoing regular hemodialysis in the blood purification center of three grade-A tertiary hospitals in Guangdong and Guizhou provinces were selected by convenience sampling.The assessment was administered using the general information questionnaire and the Chinese version of PGAC.SPSS 25.0 and Amos 24.0 were used for item analysis,confirmatory factor analysis(CFA),convergent validity,and internal consistency reliability estimation.RESULTS In the modified Chinese version of PGAC,7 dimensions covering 27 total items were retained.CFA revealed a good fit of the factor model(chi-square degree of freedom=2.056,standardized root mean square residual=0.0479,root mean square error of approximation=0.0570,GFI=0.872,AGFI=0.841,IFI=0.931,CFI=0.930,TLI=0.919).The factor loadings of the items ranged 0.503-0.884.The composite reliability ranged 0.664-0.914,and the average variance extracted ranged 0.366-0.747.Cronbach’sαof the scale was 0.945,and Cronbach’sαfor various dimensions ranged 0.662-0.914.CONCLUSION The modified PGAC has good reliability and validity,and it can effectively measure preparatory grief in patients on hemodialysis.展开更多
Objective:To translate,adapt,and validate the Indonesian version of the Prenatal Health Behavior Scale.Methods:This cross-sectional,cross-cultural adaptation study was conducted between September 2024 and October 2024...Objective:To translate,adapt,and validate the Indonesian version of the Prenatal Health Behavior Scale.Methods:This cross-sectional,cross-cultural adaptation study was conducted between September 2024 and October 2024 in Ngrambe and Sine,subdistricts in Ngawi,East Java,Indonesia.We selected participants using purposive convenience sampling and matched them with inclusion and exclusion criteria.We collected sociodemographic,Prenatal Health Behavior Scale,and anthropometrics(height,weight,body mass index,and middle-upper arm circumference)data.We analyzed the content validity using the content validity index and Gwet's chance-corrected Agreement Coefficient 2,face validity by pilot-testing on several pregnant women,and construct validity using exploratory factor analysis.We measured reliability using McDonald's omega coefficient.Results:We recruited 183 pregnant women in this study(median age 28 years).The item-content validity index(I-CVI)of all items was 1.00,with Gwet's chance-corrected Agreement Coefficient 2 was 0.945.The face validity resulted in a clear statement of all items.The exploratory factor analysis showed the two-factor model best suited to the questionnaire.Omega coefficients for the overall scale,health-impairing,and health-promoting domains were 0.696,0.507,and 0.678,respectively.Conclusions:The Indonesian version of the Prenatal Health Behavior Scale is a valid and reliable instrument to assess prenatal health behavior in Indonesian-speaking pregnant women.Future studies may implement this scale in community and clinical settings.展开更多
Background and Objective Patients with glioma experience a high symptom burden and have diverse palliative care needs.However,the assessment scales used in palliative care remain non-standardized and highly heterogene...Background and Objective Patients with glioma experience a high symptom burden and have diverse palliative care needs.However,the assessment scales used in palliative care remain non-standardized and highly heterogeneous.To evaluate the application patterns of the current scales used in palliative care for glioma,we aim to identify gaps and assess the need for disease-specific scales in glioma palliative care.Methods We conducted a systematic search of five databases including PubMed,Web of Science,Medline,EMBASE,and CINAHL for quantitative studies that reported scale-based assessments in glioma palliative care.We extracted data on scale characteristics,domains,frequency,and psychometric properties.Quality assessments were performed using the Cochrane ROB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools.Results Of the 3,405 records initially identified,72 studies were included.These studies contained 75 distinct scales that were used 193 times.Mood(21.7%),quality of life(24.4%),and supportive care needs(5.2%)assessments were the most frequently assessed items,exceeding half of all scale applications.Among the various assessment dimensions,the Distress Thermometer(DT)was the most frequently used tool for assessing mood,while the Short Form-36 Health Survey Questionnaire(SF-36)was the most frequently used tool for assessing quality of life.The Mini Mental Status Examination(MMSE)was the most common tool for cognitive assessment.Performance status(5.2%)and social support(6.8%)were underrepresented.Only three brain tumor-specific scales were identified.Caregiver-focused scales were limited and predominantly burden-oriented.Conclusions There are significant heterogeneity,domain imbalances,and validation gaps in the current use of assessment scales for patients with glioma receiving palliative care.The scale selected for use should be comprehensive and user-friendly.展开更多
The topographic factor(LS factor),derived from the multiplication of the slope length(L)and slope steepness(S)factors,is a vital parameter in soil erosion models.Generated from the digital elevation model(DEM),the LS ...The topographic factor(LS factor),derived from the multiplication of the slope length(L)and slope steepness(S)factors,is a vital parameter in soil erosion models.Generated from the digital elevation model(DEM),the LS factor always varies with the changing DEM resolution,i.e.,the LS factor scale effect.Previous studies have found the phenomenon of the LS factor scale effect,but the underlying causes of this phenomenon has not been well explored.Therefore,how the DEM resolution affects the LS factor and how the scale effect of the L and S factors influence the LS factor scale effect remains unclear.To address these problems,we collected 20 watersheds from the Guangdong Province with different topographic reliefs,and compared the corresponding L,S and LS factors at 10-m and 30-m resolution DEMs.Our results indicate that the S factor,heavily influenced by slope underestimation in coarse-resolution DEMs,makes a difference in the LS factor scale effect.In addition,the LS factor scale effect becomes less significant with increasing reliefs,suggesting the possibility of using 30-m DEM for LS calculation in rugged terrains.Our findings on the underlying mechanisms of the LS factor scale effect help to identify the uncertainty in the LS factor estimation,thereby enhancing the accuracy of soil erosion assessment,particularly in regions with different topographic characteristics and contribute to more effective soil conservation strategies and decision-making.展开更多
With growing interest in its potential applications across both stationary and transportation sectors,hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative for environmentally responsible power generation.By replacing tradi...With growing interest in its potential applications across both stationary and transportation sectors,hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative for environmentally responsible power generation.By replacing traditional fuels,hydrogen can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation sector.This study focuses on the design and downsizing of a green hydrogen fuel cell car,aiming to scale the concept for larger vehicles.Key components,including fuel cells,electrolysers,and solar panels,were evaluated through extensive laboratory testing.Thefindings reveal that variations in sunlight impact the solar panel’shydrogenproductionrate,withdifferences of approximately 4.9%attributed to changes in time and date.Analysis of consumption rates showed that a 17.4%increase in current consumption leads to a significant reduction in operational time.Further testing under varying loads demonstrated that higher current demands,such as those from a DC motor,accelerate hydrogen depletion,whereas lower currents extend operational duration.These results underscore the importance of maximizing solar energy efficiency,reducing reliance on conventional energy sources,and regulating consumption rates to optimize fuel cell performance.Since hydrogen is produced using renewable energy,fuel cell technology is virtually emission-free.Additionally,the study highlights the viability of powering vehicles with renewable energy,emphasizing the potential of green hydrogen fuel cell technology as a sustainable transportation solution.展开更多
Background:Excess submental fat(SMF)is a common facial aesthetic concern,and assessment scales play a crucial role in its evaluation.Existing SMF scales are based on Caucasian populations,although genetic background s...Background:Excess submental fat(SMF)is a common facial aesthetic concern,and assessment scales play a crucial role in its evaluation.Existing SMF scales are based on Caucasian populations,although genetic background significantly influences SMF distribution.Therefore,this study aimed to develop and validate a 5-point Chinese version of the Clinician-Reported Submental Fat Rating Scale(CR-SMFRS).Methods:The study included 150 volunteers,and captured photographs from the frontal,oblique,and lateral views were combined for each participant.A 5-point scale with descriptive criteria was primarily designed.Internal validation involved three experienced plastic surgeons,while external validation was conducted on 50 live volunteers by six additional raters.Intra-and inter-rater reliability were assessed.Results:A 5-point grading system with descriptive criteria was developed and validated as the Chinese CR-SMFRS.Internal validation demonstrated a good intra-and inter-rater consistency.During external validation,intraclass correlation coefficient values for each rater exceeded 0.850,indicating high intra-rater consistency.Moreover,the inter-rater reliability showed good consistency.Conclusion:The Chinese version of the SMF rating scale is a reliable tool for clinical use.展开更多
文摘Mason Reset(MR),a groundbreaking invention by Clesson E.Mason in 1930 that later became a part of“the universal approach to process control instrumentation”,is revisited in this paper and is shown to consists of three actions:fast(errorcorrection),medium(negative feedback for expanded proportional band)and slow(reset for zero steady-state error).The focus of the paper is on the reset action,generated from a positive feedback loop,and its underlying principles with profound implications to our understanding and practice of automatic control,both basic and advanced.For example,we note that reset control and integral control,contrary to common belief,differ fundamentally in design principle and in practicality.Such difference comes to a head in the event of integrator windup:while reset windup is a problem of actuator saturation,the integrator windup is a runaway situation due to controller instability.In fact,there is no advantage gained in replacing MR with an integrator.In other words,one should not integrate the error directly as in standard PID,since doing so makes the closed-loop system internally unstable.With MR-based control formulated in this paper,there is no such threat of instability and,therefore,no need for any anti-windup mechanisms.Furthermore,the integral control is made scalable in this framework as a tradeoff between the steady-state accuracy and the controller stability.This leads to a novel MR-based control design,scalable in gain and in time to accommodate various process characteristics and design specifications.Simple in construction and transparent in principle,this MR-based control,as a basic framework of design,is readily deployable in scale.
基金funded by Fundamental Research Funds of Chinese Academy of Forestry(No.CAFYBB2021ZA002).
文摘Diversity-biomass relationships(DBRs)in terrestrial ecosystems tend to vary across spatial scales,but,particularly in hyperdiverse forests,the mechanisms driving these trends remain uncertain.Until now,few have simultaneously investigated the connections between tree species diversity,stand structural diversity,mycorrhizal associations,and ecosystem functioning.In addition,DBRs have only been studied at limited spatial scales,with limited focus on the direct and indirect effects of environmental factors.We addressed these research gaps using a 30-ha forest dynamics plot located in Pu'er City,Southwest China.Through piecewise structural equation models,we quantified the direct effects of tree species diversity(α,β,γ),stand structural diversity,mycorrhizal associations(AM,EcM),and the environmental factors(soil fertility and topography),as well as the indirect effects of the environmental factors on aboveground tree biomass across spatial scales ranging from 400 to 230,400 m^(2).We hypothesized that complex interactions among these factors underpin the variation in DBRs in natural ecosystems across spatial scales.Our results showed that environmental conditions indirectly affected the tree biomass via changes in tree species diversity,and these effects became stronger as the spatial scale increased.At small to moderate spatial scales,environmental factors were more predictive of tree biomass than tree species diversity(or its components);the effects of stand structural diversity on biomass also gradually increased with spatial scale.Conversely,from the intermediate to the largest spatial scales,mycorrhizal associations gradually became the best predictors of DBR dynamics.Our research offers novel empirical evidence demonstrating the importance of environmental conditions,structural diversity,and mycorrhizal associations in shaping cross-scale DBRs.Future comprehensive studies should consider these factors to assess the mechanisms shaping scale-dependent DBRs in complex natural ecosystems.
文摘目的探讨慢性自发性荨麻疹(CSU)患者血清Mas相关G蛋白偶联受体成员X2(MRGPRX2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及IL-24的水平在发病中的意义。方法收集2023年9月—2023年12月就诊于徐州医科大学附属医院的CSU患者75例,作为病例组,并根据病情严重程度分为轻度组、中度组、重度组,完成荨麻疹活动评分(urticaria activity score,UAS7)与慢性荨麻疹生活质量问卷评分(chronic urticaria quality of life questionnaire,CU-Q2oL);另选取60例健康者作为对照组。比较各组血清MRGPRX2、IL-6及IL-24水平,分析其与UAS7、CU-Q2oL得分的相关性。结果病例组血清MRGPRX2、IL-6及IL-24水平均高于对照组(P<0.05),CSU患者血清MRGPRX2、IL-6水平升高与其病情严重程度呈正相关(r=0.531,P<0.05;r=0.462,P<0.05),但IL-24水平升高与CSU患者病情严重程度无显著相关性(r=0.015,P>0.05)。经logistic回归分析显示,血清中MRGPRX2、IL-6、IL-24水平升高均是CSU发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。经受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析结果显示,血清中MRGPRX2、IL-6、IL-24水平3项指标联合预测的曲线下面积(AUC)高于单独指标(P<0.05)。结论血清MRGPRX2、IL-6及IL-24水平在CSU患者血清中呈高表达,且血清MRGPRX2、IL-6与其病情严重程度相关,三者联合检测CSU发生的效能优于各指标单独检测。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62241109)the Tianjin Science and Technology Commissioner Project(No.20YDTPJC01110)。
文摘An improved model based on you only look once version 8(YOLOv8)is proposed to solve the problem of low detection accuracy due to the diversity of object sizes in optical remote sensing images.Firstly,the feature pyramid network(FPN)structure of the original YOLOv8 mode is replaced by the generalized-FPN(GFPN)structure in GiraffeDet to realize the"cross-layer"and"cross-scale"adaptive feature fusion,to enrich the semantic information and spatial information on the feature map to improve the target detection ability of the model.Secondly,a pyramid-pool module of multi atrous spatial pyramid pooling(MASPP)is designed by using the idea of atrous convolution and feature pyramid structure to extract multi-scale features,so as to improve the processing ability of the model for multi-scale objects.The experimental results show that the detection accuracy of the improved YOLOv8 model on DIOR dataset is 92%and mean average precision(mAP)is 87.9%,respectively 3.5%and 1.7%higher than those of the original model.It is proved the detection and classification ability of the proposed model on multi-dimensional optical remote sensing target has been improved.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82371530,82171529)the Capital Health Development Special Research Project(2022-1-4111)the National Key Technology R and D Program(No.2015BAI13B01).
文摘Background The patient-reported Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale(DARS)has been adapted into Chinese,so there is a need to evaluate its measurement properties in a Chinese population.Aims To evaluate the reliability and validity of the DARS among Chinese individuals with major depressive disorder(MDD)and its treatment sensitivity in a prospective clinical study.Methods Data were from a multicentre,prospective clinical study(NCT03294525),which recruited both patients with MDD,who were followed for 8 weeks,and healthy controls(HCs),assessed at baseline only.The analysis included confirmatory factor analysis,validity and sensitivity to change.Results Patients’mean(standard deviation(SD))age was 34.8(11.0)years,with 68.7%being female.75.2%of patients with MDD had melancholic features,followed by 63.8%with anxious distress.Patients had experienced MDD for a mean(SD)of 9.2(18)months.DARS scores covered the full range of severity with no major floor or ceiling effects.Confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate fit statistics(comparative fit index 0.976,goodness-of-fit index 0.935 and root mean square error of approximation 0.055).Convergent validity with anhedonia-related measures was confirmed.While the correlation between the DARS and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was not strong(r=0.31,baseline),the DARS was found to differentiate between levels of depression.Greater improvements in DARS scores were seen with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression responder group(effect size 1.16)compared with the non-responder group(effect size 0.46).Conclusions This study comprehensively evaluated the measurement properties of the DARS using a Chinese population with MDD.Overall,the Chinese version of DARS demonstrates good psychometric properties and has been found to be responsive to change during antidepressant treatment.The DARS is a suitable scale for assessing patient-reported anhedonia in future clinical trials.
基金supported by the Turkish Green Crescent Society under Grant[41402653-160-6/333].
文摘Background The effectiveness of life skills-based prevention programs to prevent substance addiction has been underexplored in Türkiye,likely in part due to the lack of validated measurement tools developed specifically for that purpose.Therefore,the aim of this study is to develop a tool to measure life skills for middle school students.The present study aims to test the factorial structure,reliability,convergent and discriminant validity,and measurement invariance across gender and age groups of the Green Crescent Life Skills(GCLS)Scale.Methods The study was conducted in Istanbul with two different sample groups.The first sample consisted of 566 and the second sample consisted of 885 middle school students.In the study,exploratory factor analysis(EFA)was applied to the first sample,and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)was applied to the second sample to test the factorial structure of the scale.Convergent and discriminant validity were examined to provide evidence for construct-based validity.The reliability of the scale was assessed with Cronbach’sα,composite reliability,McDonald’sω,and test-retest.Results The EFA results showed that the scale consisted of four factors(self-awareness,coping with negative emotions,thinking skills,and peer relations).CFA results also confirmed this structure.The results revealed a significant positive correlation(r=0.52,p<0.01)between life skills and avoidance self-efficacy scores,as well as a significant negative correlation(r=−0.53,p<0.01)between life skills and attitude toward drug use scores.Additionally,it was found that measurement invariances based on gender and age groups were provided.It was determined that all sub-dimensions had sufficient reliability levels.Conclusion The findings of this validation study show that the GCLS Scale,which assesses four skills in a self-reported format,is a valid and reliable scale with considerable potential utility in monitoring life skills in Turkish adolescent populations.
文摘Loneliness is a complex and usually unpleasant emotional response to isolation,which has been considered the latest global health epidemic exacerbated by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic,affecting nearly twothirds of older adults.Some profound health implications carried by loneliness include depression,cognitive impairment,hypertension and frailty.Across the world,there is no consensus definition of loneliness,and its measure is based on the phenomenological perspective of the individual.The 20-item University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale version 3(UCLA-20)is the most common measure.This scale demonstrates acceptable psychometric properties but is too long and complex for a phone interview.This paper addresses the increasing need to shorten this scale by adopting classical item response theory and network psychometrics to advance scale development.Through an item reduction analysis,we trimmed the original scale into an effective short form,which is as valid as the original one.With respondents’time at a premium in most research nowadays,this shortform scale is an efficient and practical alternative to the original UCLA-20.
文摘BACKGROUND During the gradual decline of physical and social functioning associated with end-stage renal disease,patients might experience a premonition of impending death,resulting in a series of pre-mourning grief responses called preparatory grief.The preparatory grief in advanced cancer patients(PGAC)scale is the most widely used preparatory grief scale for patients on hemodialysis in China.AIM To verify the reliability and validity of the PGAC scale in patients on hemodialysis.METHODS In total,327 patients undergoing regular hemodialysis in the blood purification center of three grade-A tertiary hospitals in Guangdong and Guizhou provinces were selected by convenience sampling.The assessment was administered using the general information questionnaire and the Chinese version of PGAC.SPSS 25.0 and Amos 24.0 were used for item analysis,confirmatory factor analysis(CFA),convergent validity,and internal consistency reliability estimation.RESULTS In the modified Chinese version of PGAC,7 dimensions covering 27 total items were retained.CFA revealed a good fit of the factor model(chi-square degree of freedom=2.056,standardized root mean square residual=0.0479,root mean square error of approximation=0.0570,GFI=0.872,AGFI=0.841,IFI=0.931,CFI=0.930,TLI=0.919).The factor loadings of the items ranged 0.503-0.884.The composite reliability ranged 0.664-0.914,and the average variance extracted ranged 0.366-0.747.Cronbach’sαof the scale was 0.945,and Cronbach’sαfor various dimensions ranged 0.662-0.914.CONCLUSION The modified PGAC has good reliability and validity,and it can effectively measure preparatory grief in patients on hemodialysis.
文摘Objective:To translate,adapt,and validate the Indonesian version of the Prenatal Health Behavior Scale.Methods:This cross-sectional,cross-cultural adaptation study was conducted between September 2024 and October 2024 in Ngrambe and Sine,subdistricts in Ngawi,East Java,Indonesia.We selected participants using purposive convenience sampling and matched them with inclusion and exclusion criteria.We collected sociodemographic,Prenatal Health Behavior Scale,and anthropometrics(height,weight,body mass index,and middle-upper arm circumference)data.We analyzed the content validity using the content validity index and Gwet's chance-corrected Agreement Coefficient 2,face validity by pilot-testing on several pregnant women,and construct validity using exploratory factor analysis.We measured reliability using McDonald's omega coefficient.Results:We recruited 183 pregnant women in this study(median age 28 years).The item-content validity index(I-CVI)of all items was 1.00,with Gwet's chance-corrected Agreement Coefficient 2 was 0.945.The face validity resulted in a clear statement of all items.The exploratory factor analysis showed the two-factor model best suited to the questionnaire.Omega coefficients for the overall scale,health-impairing,and health-promoting domains were 0.696,0.507,and 0.678,respectively.Conclusions:The Indonesian version of the Prenatal Health Behavior Scale is a valid and reliable instrument to assess prenatal health behavior in Indonesian-speaking pregnant women.Future studies may implement this scale in community and clinical settings.
文摘Background and Objective Patients with glioma experience a high symptom burden and have diverse palliative care needs.However,the assessment scales used in palliative care remain non-standardized and highly heterogeneous.To evaluate the application patterns of the current scales used in palliative care for glioma,we aim to identify gaps and assess the need for disease-specific scales in glioma palliative care.Methods We conducted a systematic search of five databases including PubMed,Web of Science,Medline,EMBASE,and CINAHL for quantitative studies that reported scale-based assessments in glioma palliative care.We extracted data on scale characteristics,domains,frequency,and psychometric properties.Quality assessments were performed using the Cochrane ROB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools.Results Of the 3,405 records initially identified,72 studies were included.These studies contained 75 distinct scales that were used 193 times.Mood(21.7%),quality of life(24.4%),and supportive care needs(5.2%)assessments were the most frequently assessed items,exceeding half of all scale applications.Among the various assessment dimensions,the Distress Thermometer(DT)was the most frequently used tool for assessing mood,while the Short Form-36 Health Survey Questionnaire(SF-36)was the most frequently used tool for assessing quality of life.The Mini Mental Status Examination(MMSE)was the most common tool for cognitive assessment.Performance status(5.2%)and social support(6.8%)were underrepresented.Only three brain tumor-specific scales were identified.Caregiver-focused scales were limited and predominantly burden-oriented.Conclusions There are significant heterogeneity,domain imbalances,and validation gaps in the current use of assessment scales for patients with glioma receiving palliative care.The scale selected for use should be comprehensive and user-friendly.
基金funded by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2021B0301030007)the Supplemental Funds for Major Scientific Research Projects of Beijing Normal University,Zhuhai(ZHPT2023013)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42301387)the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong(No.2024B1212070012)。
文摘The topographic factor(LS factor),derived from the multiplication of the slope length(L)and slope steepness(S)factors,is a vital parameter in soil erosion models.Generated from the digital elevation model(DEM),the LS factor always varies with the changing DEM resolution,i.e.,the LS factor scale effect.Previous studies have found the phenomenon of the LS factor scale effect,but the underlying causes of this phenomenon has not been well explored.Therefore,how the DEM resolution affects the LS factor and how the scale effect of the L and S factors influence the LS factor scale effect remains unclear.To address these problems,we collected 20 watersheds from the Guangdong Province with different topographic reliefs,and compared the corresponding L,S and LS factors at 10-m and 30-m resolution DEMs.Our results indicate that the S factor,heavily influenced by slope underestimation in coarse-resolution DEMs,makes a difference in the LS factor scale effect.In addition,the LS factor scale effect becomes less significant with increasing reliefs,suggesting the possibility of using 30-m DEM for LS calculation in rugged terrains.Our findings on the underlying mechanisms of the LS factor scale effect help to identify the uncertainty in the LS factor estimation,thereby enhancing the accuracy of soil erosion assessment,particularly in regions with different topographic characteristics and contribute to more effective soil conservation strategies and decision-making.
文摘With growing interest in its potential applications across both stationary and transportation sectors,hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative for environmentally responsible power generation.By replacing traditional fuels,hydrogen can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation sector.This study focuses on the design and downsizing of a green hydrogen fuel cell car,aiming to scale the concept for larger vehicles.Key components,including fuel cells,electrolysers,and solar panels,were evaluated through extensive laboratory testing.Thefindings reveal that variations in sunlight impact the solar panel’shydrogenproductionrate,withdifferences of approximately 4.9%attributed to changes in time and date.Analysis of consumption rates showed that a 17.4%increase in current consumption leads to a significant reduction in operational time.Further testing under varying loads demonstrated that higher current demands,such as those from a DC motor,accelerate hydrogen depletion,whereas lower currents extend operational duration.These results underscore the importance of maximizing solar energy efficiency,reducing reliance on conventional energy sources,and regulating consumption rates to optimize fuel cell performance.Since hydrogen is produced using renewable energy,fuel cell technology is virtually emission-free.Additionally,the study highlights the viability of powering vehicles with renewable energy,emphasizing the potential of green hydrogen fuel cell technology as a sustainable transportation solution.
基金supported by the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(grant no.2022-PUMCH-A-208).
文摘Background:Excess submental fat(SMF)is a common facial aesthetic concern,and assessment scales play a crucial role in its evaluation.Existing SMF scales are based on Caucasian populations,although genetic background significantly influences SMF distribution.Therefore,this study aimed to develop and validate a 5-point Chinese version of the Clinician-Reported Submental Fat Rating Scale(CR-SMFRS).Methods:The study included 150 volunteers,and captured photographs from the frontal,oblique,and lateral views were combined for each participant.A 5-point scale with descriptive criteria was primarily designed.Internal validation involved three experienced plastic surgeons,while external validation was conducted on 50 live volunteers by six additional raters.Intra-and inter-rater reliability were assessed.Results:A 5-point grading system with descriptive criteria was developed and validated as the Chinese CR-SMFRS.Internal validation demonstrated a good intra-and inter-rater consistency.During external validation,intraclass correlation coefficient values for each rater exceeded 0.850,indicating high intra-rater consistency.Moreover,the inter-rater reliability showed good consistency.Conclusion:The Chinese version of the SMF rating scale is a reliable tool for clinical use.
