Residential energy-use behavior and energy-saving awareness play a crucial role in sustainable urban energy planning and building energy efficiency,particularly under the pressures of climate change.However,existing s...Residential energy-use behavior and energy-saving awareness play a crucial role in sustainable urban energy planning and building energy efficiency,particularly under the pressures of climate change.However,existing studies often lack comparative analysis of urban-rural differences and tend to focus excessively on behavior patterns while neglecting the dimension of energysaving awareness.With China’s urbanization rate reaching 66.16%,understanding such regional disparities has become increasingly important.To address these research gaps,this study conducts a large-scale survey on space cooling behaviors among residents in Beijing,a representative Chinese megacity.It should be noted that living standards in such megacities are generally higher than the national average,which may shape distinctive energy-use profiles.Analyzing 1573valid samples(1064 urban/442 rural)in 2024,this study employed K-Prototypes and K-Modes clustering to identify typical cooling behavior and energy-saving awareness pattems,followed by Kendall/Chi-square correlation tests and XGBoost importance analysis to determine key influencing factors,with subsequent urban-rural comparative analysis.Results indicate that urban residents are primarily heat-sensitive or heat-tolerant,with a secondary patten of mid-low temperature preference,and generally exhibit long cooling durations;rural behavior is dominated by heat-tolerant type,followed by heat-sensitive,mid-low temperature preference,and never-on types as secondary patterns;both urban and rural areas exhibit energy-savingawareness characterized by low consumption-lowwillingness,though urban areas show marginally higher motivation;energy-saving awareness correlates with cooling behavior in rural areas,but this relationship weakens significantly in urban contexts.展开更多
The promising prospects for all-day building thermal management are driving widespread research into spectrally selective manipulation materials.This article first summarizes the evolution path of metal reversible dep...The promising prospects for all-day building thermal management are driving widespread research into spectrally selective manipulation materials.This article first summarizes the evolution path of metal reversible deposition technology,noting its advantages of cost-effectiveness and scientific rigor.It then highlights the groundbreaking work by Wang et al.(published in ACS Energy Letters,2025,10,3231)on coupling metastructured photothermal conversion electrodes and reversible Cu deposition for all-day energy management.Finally,the commercial viability of Wang et al.'s approach for building energy saving and its potential applicability to other scenarios are elaborated.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve the seed production efficiency of water-saving and drought-resistant hybrid millet in production.[Methods]A high-efficiency seed production technology for water-saving a...[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve the seed production efficiency of water-saving and drought-resistant hybrid millet in production.[Methods]A high-efficiency seed production technology for water-saving and drought-resistant hybrid millet varieties was developed by integrating aspects such as parental line sources,botanical characteristics,biological traits,seed production yield structure,key technical points of seed production,and suitable planting regions.[Results]Under standardized pre-sowing preparation and field management,both parents are simultaneously sown around May 20 with a planting row ratio of 2:6(female:male),a row spacing of 20 cm and plant spacing of 10 cm for the female parent,and a row spacing of 35 cm and plant spacing of 15 cm for the male parent.Both parents are fertilized simultaneously with 375 kg/hm^(2) of urea at the booting stage combined with intertillage or rainfall,and 225 kg/hm^(2) of urea at the grain-filling stage combined with irrigation.Strict hybrid removal,proper pollination and timely harvesting can significantly increase the yield of seed production.[Conclusions]This technology can be fully applied to large-scale seed production of water-saving and drought-resistant hybrid millet,providing seed supply support for cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions.It helps alleviate issues such as excessive groundwater extraction and water scarcity while enhancing planting efficiency,increasing yield,and boosting increase of farmers income.展开更多
As an indispensable part of modern buildings,centralized central air conditioning systems play an important role in maintaining the comfort and air quality of the indoor environment.However,with the increasing energy ...As an indispensable part of modern buildings,centralized central air conditioning systems play an important role in maintaining the comfort and air quality of the indoor environment.However,with the increasing energy consumption,how to improve the energy efficiency ratio of air conditioning systems and reduce energy consumption has become an important issue in research and practice.The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact of humidity control strategies on energy saving in centralized central air conditioning systems,with a view to providing a theoretical basis and practical guidance for realizing building energy efficiency.展开更多
Terahertz(THz) and millimeter Wave(mmWave) have been considered as potential frequency bands for 6G cellular systems to meet the need of ultra-high data rates. However, indoor communications could be blocked in THz/mm...Terahertz(THz) and millimeter Wave(mmWave) have been considered as potential frequency bands for 6G cellular systems to meet the need of ultra-high data rates. However, indoor communications could be blocked in THz/mmW cellular systems due to the high free-space propagation loss. Deploying a large number of small base stations indoors has been considered as a promising solution for solving indoor coverage problems. However, base station dense deployment leads to a significant increase in system energy consumption. In this paper, we develop a novel ultra-efficient energy-saving mechanism with the aim of reducing energy consumption in 6G distributed indoor base station scenarios. Unlike the existing relevant protocol framework of 3GPP, which operates the cellular system based on constant system signaling messages(including cell ID, cell reselection information, etc.), the proposed mechanism eliminates the need for system messages. The intuition comes from the observation that the probability of having no users within the coverage area of an indoor base station is high, hence continuously sending system messages to guarantee the quality of service is unnecessary in indoor scenarios. Specifically, we design a dedicated beacon signal to detect whether there are users in the coverage area of the base station and switch off the main communication module when there are no active users for energy saving. The beacon frame structure is carefully designed based on the existing 3GPP specifications with minimal protocol modifications, and the protocol parameters involved are optimized. Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism can reduce the system energy from the order of tens of watts to the order of hundreds of milliwatts. Compared to traditional energy-saving schemes, the proposed mechanism achieves an average energy-saving gain of 58%, with a peak energy-saving gain of 90%.展开更多
As Fiber-to-the-Room(FTTR)networks proliferate,multi-device deployments pose significant energy consumption challenges.This paper proposes a Quality of Service(QoS)-aware energy-saving scheme based on a multi-threshol...As Fiber-to-the-Room(FTTR)networks proliferate,multi-device deployments pose significant energy consumption challenges.This paper proposes a Quality of Service(QoS)-aware energy-saving scheme based on a multi-threshold buffer energy saving(MBES)scheme to reduce consumption while ensuring energy QoS.MBES leverages the centralized control of the main fiber unit(MFU)and the wireless-state awareness of subordinate fiber units(SFUs)for synergistic fiber-wireless energy savings.The scheme assigns independent,dynamic buffer thresholds to ser⁃vice queues on SFUs,enabling low-latency reporting for high-priority traffic while accumulating low-priority data to extend sleep cycles.At the MFU,a coordinated scheduling algorithm accounts for Wi-Fi access delay and creates an adaptive closed-loop control by adjusting SFUs’buffer thresholds based on end-to-end delay feedback.Simulation results show that,while satisfying strict latency requirements,MBES achieves a maxi⁃mum energy saving of 17.75%compared with the no energy saving(NES)scheme and provides a superior trade-off between latency control and energy efficiency compared with the single-threshold buffer energy saving(SBES)scheme.展开更多
Construction engineering plays a vital role in urban development,especially as the pace of modern progress continues to accelerate.The widespread use of energy-saving and green environmental protection building materi...Construction engineering plays a vital role in urban development,especially as the pace of modern progress continues to accelerate.The widespread use of energy-saving and green environmental protection building materials in this field not only brings convenience to daily life but also promotes the scientific,sustainable,and stable development of construction projects.These materials significantly extend the service life of buildings while supporting environmental protection efforts.This paper explores the practical application value of energy-saving and environmentally friendly building materials in construction engineering,outlines the key application principles,and analyzes their specific types and usage requirements.The aim is to provide a valuable reference for future research and practical implementation.展开更多
Extensive changes in land cover and energy use resulting from urbanization lead to an imbalance in urban thermal conditions,making cities more susceptible to the impacts of climate change.Nature-based solutions(NbS)th...Extensive changes in land cover and energy use resulting from urbanization lead to an imbalance in urban thermal conditions,making cities more susceptible to the impacts of climate change.Nature-based solutions(NbS)that leverage the cooling effect of green spaces to mitigate urban heat are gaining attention as a way to improve urban sustainability in the face of climate change.The study evaluated the urban-scale application of NbS's impacts on heat mitigation capacity,air temperature,cooling energy,carbon emissions,and carbon sequestration,as well as the resulting economic benefits using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)Urban Cooling Model(UCM).Green roofs as building adaptations,land use adaptations such as the expansion of urban parks and roadside green space,forest restoration,and multiple adaptations,which are combinations of building and land use adaptations,were considered applicable NbS.Cool roofs were also studied to compare their effects with other urban green infrastructure.The results showed that simultaneously implementing the multiple adaptation methods is the most effective if the applicable areas are sufficient.Considering the implemented area ratio,urban parks are the most effective single adaptive measure,with energy savings of 14.75,8.63,and 1.98 times higher than those of 100%green roofs,cool roofs,and 20%roadside green space expansions,respectively.Restoring forests(21.29 km^(2))can yield 4.7 times higher energy savings than installing 100%green roofs(62 km^(2)).In contrast,deforestation loses more energy and carbon than cool roofs can save.This study can help provide an appropriate strategy for achieving urban carbon neutrality by reducing carbon emissions and increasing carbon sequestration through NbS in addition to relieving urban temperatures.展开更多
Getzner Textil AG is always open to new ideas and committed to investment in innovative technological so-lutions.This has proven a highly successful approach for more than two hundred years now:founded in 1818 as a fa...Getzner Textil AG is always open to new ideas and committed to investment in innovative technological so-lutions.This has proven a highly successful approach for more than two hundred years now:founded in 1818 as a family business in Bludenz in the heart of Europe,the company is now one of the world's leading manufacturers of fabrics for African fashion,shirts and blouses,corporate fashion,and technical textiles,with 1,550 employees,710 weaving machines,seven locations,and an output of 73 million running meters per year.展开更多
At the forthcoming IGATEX textile machinery exhibition inKarachi,Pakistan,from April 24-26,Monforts will highlight thebenefits of its latest Universal Energy Tower.This stand-aloneair/air heat exchanger module enables...At the forthcoming IGATEX textile machinery exhibition inKarachi,Pakistan,from April 24-26,Monforts will highlight thebenefits of its latest Universal Energy Tower.This stand-aloneair/air heat exchanger module enables recovery of the heatfrom the exhaust air flow of thermal systems such as existingstenters and THERMEX dyeing ranges with infrared predriers,resulting in energy savings of up to 25%,depending on the ex-haust air volume and operating temperature.展开更多
In order to have an in-depth understanding of the metal ceiling radiant panel with capillary tubes, a radiant ceiling heating system is constructed to study the actual heating performance and thermal comfort by experi...In order to have an in-depth understanding of the metal ceiling radiant panel with capillary tubes, a radiant ceiling heating system is constructed to study the actual heating performance and thermal comfort by experiments. In addition, the energy saving potential of the novel heating system is discussed in terms of the COP （coefficient of performance） of the ground source heat pump and the exergy efficiency of the radiant terminal. The results indicate that the heating system shows high thermal stability and thermal comfort. When the system reaches a stable condition, the radiant heat transfer accounts for 62.7% of the total heat transfer, and the total heat transfer can meet the heating demands of most buildings. Compared to a radiant floor heating system, it offers advantages in a shorter preheating time, a lower supply water temperature and a stronger heating capability. The COP of the ground source heat pump is increased greatly when the supply water temperature is 28 to 33 ℃, and the exergy efficiency of the metal ceiling with capillary tubes is 1.6 times that of the radiant floor when the reference temperature is 5 ℃ The novel radiant ceiling heating system shows a tremendous energy saving potential.展开更多
Currently,energy saving design has been conducted on single building but not on the whole residential community in urban and rural areas.So,the paper has proposed energy saving measures for residential planning from t...Currently,energy saving design has been conducted on single building but not on the whole residential community in urban and rural areas.So,the paper has proposed energy saving measures for residential planning from the perspective of site selection and layout of buildings.Specific measures are as follows.Firstly,buildings should be constructed on the sunny side and leeside;secondly,buildings on the south should be lower than those on the north;the east side of the building should be open while the west side should be closed;thirdly,climate protection unit should be set;fourthly,buildings should be of northsouth direction primarily,and the main room should be set on the east side and the assistant rooms or passage on the west side in the buildings of east-west direction;fifthly,it should select compact and wellarranged households and the units should not be combined in point and dislocation and jointing.展开更多
A hybrid ground-coupled heat pump（HGCHP）project in Nanjing,China is chosen to analyze the building energy-consumption properties in terms of different control strategies,building envelope and the terminal air-condit...A hybrid ground-coupled heat pump（HGCHP）project in Nanjing,China is chosen to analyze the building energy-consumption properties in terms of different control strategies,building envelope and the terminal air-conditioning system.The HGCHP uses a supplemental heat rejecter to dissipate extra thermal energy to guarantee underground soil heat balance.The software EnergyPlus is employed to simulate the project and design the heat flow of the cooling tower and the borehole heat exchanger（BHE）.Then two feasible control strategies for the cooling tower and the borehole heat exchanger are proposed.The energy-saving potential of the building envelope is analyzed in terms of the surface color of the wall/roof.With the same terminal system,it is found that in the cooling season the heat flow of the insulated building with black wall/roof is 1.2 times more than that with white wall/roof.With the same insulated building and gray wall/roof,it is concluded that the heat pump units for a primary air fan-coil system show an annual energy consumption increase of 44.7 GJ compared with a radiant floor system.展开更多
The current study aims to improve the performance of the electrohydraulic servo system(EHSS)by increasing the volumetric efficiency of the pump and reducing electrical power consumption to a minimum value.An experimen...The current study aims to improve the performance of the electrohydraulic servo system(EHSS)by increasing the volumetric efficiency of the pump and reducing electrical power consumption to a minimum value.An experimental setup has been designed and built to control the cylinder position using a programmable logic controller to provide the appropriate motor speed from the AC drive to control the velocity of the hydraulic actuator;the induction motor is driven by an AC drive using a tune proportional-integral-variable frequency drive(TPI-VFD)space vector modulation(SVM)hybrid technology.Theoretically,it was analyzed and simulated by MATLAB,which showed that the starting current was reduced by 81%compared to the traditional system.Also,the settling time of the system decreased to 0.35 s to reach a steady state with a minimum error of 0.03 and an overshoot of 0.3%.On the other hand,the experimental results of the EHSS show that the three-phase induction motor with a closed-loop speed control AC drive with a programmable logic controller PLC based system is the best case for determining the appropriate operating speed.The optimum speed,frequency,and voltage were 1325.3 rpm,46.6 Hz,and 354.16 V.In addition,enhancement is achieved in closed-loop VFD-PLC,where at 6.5 bar pressure and 3.4 LPM flow,the volumetric efficiency after the pump improves to 98.6%while it reaches 96.3%before the cylinder at a flow rate of 3.32 LPM.Finally,in the closed-loop VFD-PLC in the expansion stroke,the rated electrical power consumption of the three-phase IM decreased to 532 W at the speed of 1325.3 rpm,resulting in energy savings of 20.6%.展开更多
With the proposal of China’s“Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality”policy,the steel industry faces urgent pressure to transition toward green and low-carbon development.However,the persistent reliance on burden stru...With the proposal of China’s“Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality”policy,the steel industry faces urgent pressure to transition toward green and low-carbon development.However,the persistent reliance on burden structure dominated by sinter and pellet in China has led to the high energy consumption and pollution emissions in process before ironmaking,which has increasingly become a major obstacle to the green development of the steel industry.Lump ore can be directly charged into blast furnaces without high-temperature roasting,making it a more environmentally friendly and cleaner raw material option.The utilization of lump ore in blast furnace not only has obvious economic advantages but also achieves significant energy saving and carbon reduction effects.Therefore,an overview of the application of natural lump ore resources was provided,with a focus on its metallurgical properties and the factors influencing them.It further analyzed and summarized strategies for optimizing lump ore performance,particularly highlighting the advantages and technical challenges associated with preheating treatments.Additionally,the application experience,changes in technical and economic indicators,as well as the effects of energy saving and carbon reduction under the condition of a high ratio of lump ore in actual production were elaborated in detail.The results show that after loading lump ore to blast furnaces,the raw material cost is reduced by approximately 50.88 CNY/t,and the CO_(2)emissions from the production of 1 t pig iron can be reduced by 51.18 kg.展开更多
This paper discusses a design method for the control system of a weigh feeder that supplies powder and granular material at a constant rate. Most weigh feeders employed in industry are controlled by proportional and i...This paper discusses a design method for the control system of a weigh feeder that supplies powder and granular material at a constant rate. Most weigh feeders employed in industry are controlled by proportional and integral （PI） compensation, and the control performance is decided by the selection of parameters. To attain advanced control performance by PI control, the PI parameters are designed on the basis of generalized minimum variance control （GMVC）. In this study, to achieve user-specified control performance by GMVC-based PI control, the design parameters of GMVC are automatically adjusted using a performance-adaptive method. The control performance discussed in this study consists of the variance of the control error and that of the difference in the control input. In a conventional performance-adaptive method, the variance of the control error is reduced. In this study, to reduce energy consumption and to achieve user-specified control performance, the variance of the difference in the control input is specified and the design parameter is determined. To demonstrate its effectiveness, the proposed method is applied to an actual weigh feeder.展开更多
In the 13th century,the famous Italian traveller,Marco Polo,travelled a long way to China.During his stay in China,he saw many wonderful things. One of the things he discovered(发现)
In the 13th century,the famous Italian traveller,Marco Polo,travelled a long way to China.During his stay in China,he saw many wonderful things. One of the things he discovered(发现)
To improve ground vehicle efficiency, shift schedule energy saving was proposed for the ground vehicle automatic transmission by studying the function of the torque converter and transmission in the vehicular drivetra...To improve ground vehicle efficiency, shift schedule energy saving was proposed for the ground vehicle automatic transmission by studying the function of the torque converter and transmission in the vehicular drivetrain. The shift schedule can keep the torque converter working in the high efficiency range under all the working conditions except in the low efficiency range on the left when the transmission worked at the lowest shift, and in the low efficiency range on the right when the transmission worked at the highest shift. The shift quality key factors were analysed. The automatic trans-mission's bench-test adopting this shift schedule was made on the automatic transmission's test-bed. The experimental results showed that the shift schedule was correct and that the shift quality was controllable.展开更多
With the rapid development of the global economy,more and more attention has been paid to the energy conservation of construction machinery.The hydraulic system is the key component of construction machinery,and impro...With the rapid development of the global economy,more and more attention has been paid to the energy conservation of construction machinery.The hydraulic system is the key component of construction machinery,and improving its energy utilization rate has become an important means to achieve energy conservation.In conventional valve-controlled or pump-controlled hydraulic systems of construction machinery,controllability and energy-saving performance typically cannot be considered at the same time.The pump-valve coordinated system combines the energy-saving characteristics of the pump-controlled system and the high-precision and high-frequency response of the valve-controlled system,which has the potential to become a primary research direction of electro-hydraulic systems.This review summarizes the recent research progress in energy-saving technologies based on pump-valve coordinated systems.Particularly,we discuss the structures of hydraulic systems in different categories of construction machinery,various control methods of the electro-hydraulic system,novel hydraulic hybrid energy regeneration systems,and key components.In addition,future directions and challenges of the pump-valve coordinated systems are described,such as independent metering system(IMS),common pressure rail(CPR),and hybrid power source(HPS).展开更多
文摘Residential energy-use behavior and energy-saving awareness play a crucial role in sustainable urban energy planning and building energy efficiency,particularly under the pressures of climate change.However,existing studies often lack comparative analysis of urban-rural differences and tend to focus excessively on behavior patterns while neglecting the dimension of energysaving awareness.With China’s urbanization rate reaching 66.16%,understanding such regional disparities has become increasingly important.To address these research gaps,this study conducts a large-scale survey on space cooling behaviors among residents in Beijing,a representative Chinese megacity.It should be noted that living standards in such megacities are generally higher than the national average,which may shape distinctive energy-use profiles.Analyzing 1573valid samples(1064 urban/442 rural)in 2024,this study employed K-Prototypes and K-Modes clustering to identify typical cooling behavior and energy-saving awareness pattems,followed by Kendall/Chi-square correlation tests and XGBoost importance analysis to determine key influencing factors,with subsequent urban-rural comparative analysis.Results indicate that urban residents are primarily heat-sensitive or heat-tolerant,with a secondary patten of mid-low temperature preference,and generally exhibit long cooling durations;rural behavior is dominated by heat-tolerant type,followed by heat-sensitive,mid-low temperature preference,and never-on types as secondary patterns;both urban and rural areas exhibit energy-savingawareness characterized by low consumption-lowwillingness,though urban areas show marginally higher motivation;energy-saving awareness correlates with cooling behavior in rural areas,but this relationship weakens significantly in urban contexts.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.62175248,U24A2061)Shanghai Science and Technology Funds(no.23ZR1481900,25ZR1401373)Science Foundation for Youth Scholar of State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures(no.SKL202202).
文摘The promising prospects for all-day building thermal management are driving widespread research into spectrally selective manipulation materials.This article first summarizes the evolution path of metal reversible deposition technology,noting its advantages of cost-effectiveness and scientific rigor.It then highlights the groundbreaking work by Wang et al.(published in ACS Energy Letters,2025,10,3231)on coupling metastructured photothermal conversion electrodes and reversible Cu deposition for all-day energy management.Finally,the commercial viability of Wang et al.'s approach for building energy saving and its potential applicability to other scenarios are elaborated.
基金Supported by National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(CARS-06-14.5-A7)Hebei Provincial Agricultural Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Fund Project("Zhangzagu 19"Pilot Test and Demonstration).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve the seed production efficiency of water-saving and drought-resistant hybrid millet in production.[Methods]A high-efficiency seed production technology for water-saving and drought-resistant hybrid millet varieties was developed by integrating aspects such as parental line sources,botanical characteristics,biological traits,seed production yield structure,key technical points of seed production,and suitable planting regions.[Results]Under standardized pre-sowing preparation and field management,both parents are simultaneously sown around May 20 with a planting row ratio of 2:6(female:male),a row spacing of 20 cm and plant spacing of 10 cm for the female parent,and a row spacing of 35 cm and plant spacing of 15 cm for the male parent.Both parents are fertilized simultaneously with 375 kg/hm^(2) of urea at the booting stage combined with intertillage or rainfall,and 225 kg/hm^(2) of urea at the grain-filling stage combined with irrigation.Strict hybrid removal,proper pollination and timely harvesting can significantly increase the yield of seed production.[Conclusions]This technology can be fully applied to large-scale seed production of water-saving and drought-resistant hybrid millet,providing seed supply support for cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions.It helps alleviate issues such as excessive groundwater extraction and water scarcity while enhancing planting efficiency,increasing yield,and boosting increase of farmers income.
文摘As an indispensable part of modern buildings,centralized central air conditioning systems play an important role in maintaining the comfort and air quality of the indoor environment.However,with the increasing energy consumption,how to improve the energy efficiency ratio of air conditioning systems and reduce energy consumption has become an important issue in research and practice.The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact of humidity control strategies on energy saving in centralized central air conditioning systems,with a view to providing a theoretical basis and practical guidance for realizing building energy efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 62201121the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities under Grant No. ZYGX2024XJ070.
文摘Terahertz(THz) and millimeter Wave(mmWave) have been considered as potential frequency bands for 6G cellular systems to meet the need of ultra-high data rates. However, indoor communications could be blocked in THz/mmW cellular systems due to the high free-space propagation loss. Deploying a large number of small base stations indoors has been considered as a promising solution for solving indoor coverage problems. However, base station dense deployment leads to a significant increase in system energy consumption. In this paper, we develop a novel ultra-efficient energy-saving mechanism with the aim of reducing energy consumption in 6G distributed indoor base station scenarios. Unlike the existing relevant protocol framework of 3GPP, which operates the cellular system based on constant system signaling messages(including cell ID, cell reselection information, etc.), the proposed mechanism eliminates the need for system messages. The intuition comes from the observation that the probability of having no users within the coverage area of an indoor base station is high, hence continuously sending system messages to guarantee the quality of service is unnecessary in indoor scenarios. Specifically, we design a dedicated beacon signal to detect whether there are users in the coverage area of the base station and switch off the main communication module when there are no active users for energy saving. The beacon frame structure is carefully designed based on the existing 3GPP specifications with minimal protocol modifications, and the protocol parameters involved are optimized. Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism can reduce the system energy from the order of tens of watts to the order of hundreds of milliwatts. Compared to traditional energy-saving schemes, the proposed mechanism achieves an average energy-saving gain of 58%, with a peak energy-saving gain of 90%.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foun⁃dation of China under Grant No.W2411058.
文摘As Fiber-to-the-Room(FTTR)networks proliferate,multi-device deployments pose significant energy consumption challenges.This paper proposes a Quality of Service(QoS)-aware energy-saving scheme based on a multi-threshold buffer energy saving(MBES)scheme to reduce consumption while ensuring energy QoS.MBES leverages the centralized control of the main fiber unit(MFU)and the wireless-state awareness of subordinate fiber units(SFUs)for synergistic fiber-wireless energy savings.The scheme assigns independent,dynamic buffer thresholds to ser⁃vice queues on SFUs,enabling low-latency reporting for high-priority traffic while accumulating low-priority data to extend sleep cycles.At the MFU,a coordinated scheduling algorithm accounts for Wi-Fi access delay and creates an adaptive closed-loop control by adjusting SFUs’buffer thresholds based on end-to-end delay feedback.Simulation results show that,while satisfying strict latency requirements,MBES achieves a maxi⁃mum energy saving of 17.75%compared with the no energy saving(NES)scheme and provides a superior trade-off between latency control and energy efficiency compared with the single-threshold buffer energy saving(SBES)scheme.
文摘Construction engineering plays a vital role in urban development,especially as the pace of modern progress continues to accelerate.The widespread use of energy-saving and green environmental protection building materials in this field not only brings convenience to daily life but also promotes the scientific,sustainable,and stable development of construction projects.These materials significantly extend the service life of buildings while supporting environmental protection efforts.This paper explores the practical application value of energy-saving and environmentally friendly building materials in construction engineering,outlines the key application principles,and analyzes their specific types and usage requirements.The aim is to provide a valuable reference for future research and practical implementation.
基金supported by a Research Grant of Pukyong National University(2023)。
文摘Extensive changes in land cover and energy use resulting from urbanization lead to an imbalance in urban thermal conditions,making cities more susceptible to the impacts of climate change.Nature-based solutions(NbS)that leverage the cooling effect of green spaces to mitigate urban heat are gaining attention as a way to improve urban sustainability in the face of climate change.The study evaluated the urban-scale application of NbS's impacts on heat mitigation capacity,air temperature,cooling energy,carbon emissions,and carbon sequestration,as well as the resulting economic benefits using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)Urban Cooling Model(UCM).Green roofs as building adaptations,land use adaptations such as the expansion of urban parks and roadside green space,forest restoration,and multiple adaptations,which are combinations of building and land use adaptations,were considered applicable NbS.Cool roofs were also studied to compare their effects with other urban green infrastructure.The results showed that simultaneously implementing the multiple adaptation methods is the most effective if the applicable areas are sufficient.Considering the implemented area ratio,urban parks are the most effective single adaptive measure,with energy savings of 14.75,8.63,and 1.98 times higher than those of 100%green roofs,cool roofs,and 20%roadside green space expansions,respectively.Restoring forests(21.29 km^(2))can yield 4.7 times higher energy savings than installing 100%green roofs(62 km^(2)).In contrast,deforestation loses more energy and carbon than cool roofs can save.This study can help provide an appropriate strategy for achieving urban carbon neutrality by reducing carbon emissions and increasing carbon sequestration through NbS in addition to relieving urban temperatures.
文摘Getzner Textil AG is always open to new ideas and committed to investment in innovative technological so-lutions.This has proven a highly successful approach for more than two hundred years now:founded in 1818 as a family business in Bludenz in the heart of Europe,the company is now one of the world's leading manufacturers of fabrics for African fashion,shirts and blouses,corporate fashion,and technical textiles,with 1,550 employees,710 weaving machines,seven locations,and an output of 73 million running meters per year.
文摘At the forthcoming IGATEX textile machinery exhibition inKarachi,Pakistan,from April 24-26,Monforts will highlight thebenefits of its latest Universal Energy Tower.This stand-aloneair/air heat exchanger module enables recovery of the heatfrom the exhaust air flow of thermal systems such as existingstenters and THERMEX dyeing ranges with infrared predriers,resulting in energy savings of up to 25%,depending on the ex-haust air volume and operating temperature.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51106023)the National Key Technology R&D Program during the12th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2011BAJ03B14)
文摘In order to have an in-depth understanding of the metal ceiling radiant panel with capillary tubes, a radiant ceiling heating system is constructed to study the actual heating performance and thermal comfort by experiments. In addition, the energy saving potential of the novel heating system is discussed in terms of the COP （coefficient of performance） of the ground source heat pump and the exergy efficiency of the radiant terminal. The results indicate that the heating system shows high thermal stability and thermal comfort. When the system reaches a stable condition, the radiant heat transfer accounts for 62.7% of the total heat transfer, and the total heat transfer can meet the heating demands of most buildings. Compared to a radiant floor heating system, it offers advantages in a shorter preheating time, a lower supply water temperature and a stronger heating capability. The COP of the ground source heat pump is increased greatly when the supply water temperature is 28 to 33 ℃, and the exergy efficiency of the metal ceiling with capillary tubes is 1.6 times that of the radiant floor when the reference temperature is 5 ℃ The novel radiant ceiling heating system shows a tremendous energy saving potential.
文摘Currently,energy saving design has been conducted on single building but not on the whole residential community in urban and rural areas.So,the paper has proposed energy saving measures for residential planning from the perspective of site selection and layout of buildings.Specific measures are as follows.Firstly,buildings should be constructed on the sunny side and leeside;secondly,buildings on the south should be lower than those on the north;the east side of the building should be open while the west side should be closed;thirdly,climate protection unit should be set;fourthly,buildings should be of northsouth direction primarily,and the main room should be set on the east side and the assistant rooms or passage on the west side in the buildings of east-west direction;fifthly,it should select compact and wellarranged households and the units should not be combined in point and dislocation and jointing.
文摘A hybrid ground-coupled heat pump（HGCHP）project in Nanjing,China is chosen to analyze the building energy-consumption properties in terms of different control strategies,building envelope and the terminal air-conditioning system.The HGCHP uses a supplemental heat rejecter to dissipate extra thermal energy to guarantee underground soil heat balance.The software EnergyPlus is employed to simulate the project and design the heat flow of the cooling tower and the borehole heat exchanger（BHE）.Then two feasible control strategies for the cooling tower and the borehole heat exchanger are proposed.The energy-saving potential of the building envelope is analyzed in terms of the surface color of the wall/roof.With the same terminal system,it is found that in the cooling season the heat flow of the insulated building with black wall/roof is 1.2 times more than that with white wall/roof.With the same insulated building and gray wall/roof,it is concluded that the heat pump units for a primary air fan-coil system show an annual energy consumption increase of 44.7 GJ compared with a radiant floor system.
文摘The current study aims to improve the performance of the electrohydraulic servo system(EHSS)by increasing the volumetric efficiency of the pump and reducing electrical power consumption to a minimum value.An experimental setup has been designed and built to control the cylinder position using a programmable logic controller to provide the appropriate motor speed from the AC drive to control the velocity of the hydraulic actuator;the induction motor is driven by an AC drive using a tune proportional-integral-variable frequency drive(TPI-VFD)space vector modulation(SVM)hybrid technology.Theoretically,it was analyzed and simulated by MATLAB,which showed that the starting current was reduced by 81%compared to the traditional system.Also,the settling time of the system decreased to 0.35 s to reach a steady state with a minimum error of 0.03 and an overshoot of 0.3%.On the other hand,the experimental results of the EHSS show that the three-phase induction motor with a closed-loop speed control AC drive with a programmable logic controller PLC based system is the best case for determining the appropriate operating speed.The optimum speed,frequency,and voltage were 1325.3 rpm,46.6 Hz,and 354.16 V.In addition,enhancement is achieved in closed-loop VFD-PLC,where at 6.5 bar pressure and 3.4 LPM flow,the volumetric efficiency after the pump improves to 98.6%while it reaches 96.3%before the cylinder at a flow rate of 3.32 LPM.Finally,in the closed-loop VFD-PLC in the expansion stroke,the rated electrical power consumption of the three-phase IM decreased to 532 W at the speed of 1325.3 rpm,resulting in energy savings of 20.6%.
基金support by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52474342).
文摘With the proposal of China’s“Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality”policy,the steel industry faces urgent pressure to transition toward green and low-carbon development.However,the persistent reliance on burden structure dominated by sinter and pellet in China has led to the high energy consumption and pollution emissions in process before ironmaking,which has increasingly become a major obstacle to the green development of the steel industry.Lump ore can be directly charged into blast furnaces without high-temperature roasting,making it a more environmentally friendly and cleaner raw material option.The utilization of lump ore in blast furnace not only has obvious economic advantages but also achieves significant energy saving and carbon reduction effects.Therefore,an overview of the application of natural lump ore resources was provided,with a focus on its metallurgical properties and the factors influencing them.It further analyzed and summarized strategies for optimizing lump ore performance,particularly highlighting the advantages and technical challenges associated with preheating treatments.Additionally,the application experience,changes in technical and economic indicators,as well as the effects of energy saving and carbon reduction under the condition of a high ratio of lump ore in actual production were elaborated in detail.The results show that after loading lump ore to blast furnaces,the raw material cost is reduced by approximately 50.88 CNY/t,and the CO_(2)emissions from the production of 1 t pig iron can be reduced by 51.18 kg.
文摘This paper discusses a design method for the control system of a weigh feeder that supplies powder and granular material at a constant rate. Most weigh feeders employed in industry are controlled by proportional and integral （PI） compensation, and the control performance is decided by the selection of parameters. To attain advanced control performance by PI control, the PI parameters are designed on the basis of generalized minimum variance control （GMVC）. In this study, to achieve user-specified control performance by GMVC-based PI control, the design parameters of GMVC are automatically adjusted using a performance-adaptive method. The control performance discussed in this study consists of the variance of the control error and that of the difference in the control input. In a conventional performance-adaptive method, the variance of the control error is reduced. In this study, to reduce energy consumption and to achieve user-specified control performance, the variance of the difference in the control input is specified and the design parameter is determined. To demonstrate its effectiveness, the proposed method is applied to an actual weigh feeder.
文摘In the 13th century,the famous Italian traveller,Marco Polo,travelled a long way to China.During his stay in China,he saw many wonderful things. One of the things he discovered(发现)
文摘In the 13th century,the famous Italian traveller,Marco Polo,travelled a long way to China.During his stay in China,he saw many wonderful things. One of the things he discovered(发现)
文摘To improve ground vehicle efficiency, shift schedule energy saving was proposed for the ground vehicle automatic transmission by studying the function of the torque converter and transmission in the vehicular drivetrain. The shift schedule can keep the torque converter working in the high efficiency range under all the working conditions except in the low efficiency range on the left when the transmission worked at the lowest shift, and in the low efficiency range on the right when the transmission worked at the highest shift. The shift quality key factors were analysed. The automatic trans-mission's bench-test adopting this shift schedule was made on the automatic transmission's test-bed. The experimental results showed that the shift schedule was correct and that the shift quality was controllable.
基金Project supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LR19E050002)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFB2004604)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51821093 and 51708493)the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(Nos.2018C01020 and 2018C01060)the Youth Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems(No.SKLoFP_QN_1804),China。
文摘With the rapid development of the global economy,more and more attention has been paid to the energy conservation of construction machinery.The hydraulic system is the key component of construction machinery,and improving its energy utilization rate has become an important means to achieve energy conservation.In conventional valve-controlled or pump-controlled hydraulic systems of construction machinery,controllability and energy-saving performance typically cannot be considered at the same time.The pump-valve coordinated system combines the energy-saving characteristics of the pump-controlled system and the high-precision and high-frequency response of the valve-controlled system,which has the potential to become a primary research direction of electro-hydraulic systems.This review summarizes the recent research progress in energy-saving technologies based on pump-valve coordinated systems.Particularly,we discuss the structures of hydraulic systems in different categories of construction machinery,various control methods of the electro-hydraulic system,novel hydraulic hybrid energy regeneration systems,and key components.In addition,future directions and challenges of the pump-valve coordinated systems are described,such as independent metering system(IMS),common pressure rail(CPR),and hybrid power source(HPS).
