Background:Epidemiological studies have confirmed that longer exposure to insecticides like cypermethrin(CYP)significantly increases the risk of male reproductive toxicity.Crocus sativus L.has been recognized due to i...Background:Epidemiological studies have confirmed that longer exposure to insecticides like cypermethrin(CYP)significantly increases the risk of male reproductive toxicity.Crocus sativus L.has been recognized due to its therapeutic properties,but its exact role and molecular mechanisms in treatment of reproductive dysfunction remain unclear.Methods:During this study,36 rats were randomly divided into six groups(n=6):control,CYP-induced(60 mg/kg),standard(leuprolide 3 mg/kg)and three treatment groups receiving aqueous,ethanolic,and oil extracts(50 mg/kg or 20 mL/kg)for post-toxicity induction.Results:The finding represented that exposure of CYP significantly increased oxidative stress,disrupted testicular architecture,and markedly reduced testosterone levels(P<0.05).Importantly,Crocus sativus L.treatment alleviated these changes by increasing the expression of Nrf2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2),restoring the activity of antioxidant enzymes,and enhancing testicular histomorphology.Surprisingly,molecular docking established a high binding affinity of Crocus sativus L.phytoconstituents such as gallic acid,cinnamic acid and quercetin to the Nrf2-Keap1 complex.It is worth noting that,Crocus sativus L.exhibited a high level of protection against reproductive toxicity caused by CYP in male rats,which was mediated by the activation of Nrf2 pathway,reduction of oxidative damage,and favorable ADMET characteristics.Conclusion:Notably,this research provides a more valid,safe,and effective method of developing new drugs for reproductive disorders,however,further investigation is needed to support the research findings and implement it in clinical practice.展开更多
Style-stigma-like structures were regenerated from stamens of Crocus sativus L. The age of the stamen explant has an obvious effect on the induction rate. Auxin NAA. has larger effect on the induction of filament styl...Style-stigma-like structures were regenerated from stamens of Crocus sativus L. The age of the stamen explant has an obvious effect on the induction rate. Auxin NAA. has larger effect on the induction of filament style-stigma-like structure. Auxin NAA of higher concentration can lead to higher induction rate. Temperature and light have different effects on the induction of style-stigma-like structure from anther's filament of C. sativus with exogenous hormones at different levels. Ultraviolet tests show that style-stigma-like structure from anther's filament of C. sativus contains crocin, safranal and picrocrocin, contents of which are obviously more than those contained in the style-stigma-like from style. Floral reversion was observed in the induction of style-stigma-like structure from petals, ovaries and styles.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of salt stress on seed germination and seedling growth in radish（Raphanus sativus L.）.[Method] First,effects of soaking seeds with clear water and different co...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of salt stress on seed germination and seedling growth in radish（Raphanus sativus L.）.[Method] First,effects of soaking seeds with clear water and different concentrations of saline solution were compared; then,different concentrations of salt solution （0.2％-1.0％） was used to treat radish during the whole germination period.[Result] soaking seeds with clear water can improve the germination indicators of radish seeds exposed to high salt stress; low salt concentration（0.2％,0.4％） had little effect on the growth indicators of radish seedlings,and 0.2％ salt concentration can even promote the growth of radish seedlings,however,the high salinity had a bad inhibition on seedling growth,the higher the salt concentration,the stronger the inhibition.[Conclusion] According to the comprehensive comparison,the order of the six varieties in salt-tolerance was as follows：Xinxiayuanbai＞W1029,Xiayuanbai ＞ Nanyangbailizhi,Chunyidianhong＞ Sijihong 3.展开更多
Dof(DNA-binding with one finger)蛋白是一类在植物中起着关键作用的转录因子。本研究对萝卜Dof转录因子基因家族进行了系统进化关系、保守模体、染色体位置分布及不同组织表达模式分析。研究发现,萝卜基因组中鉴定出的63个Dof基因,分...Dof(DNA-binding with one finger)蛋白是一类在植物中起着关键作用的转录因子。本研究对萝卜Dof转录因子基因家族进行了系统进化关系、保守模体、染色体位置分布及不同组织表达模式分析。研究发现,萝卜基因组中鉴定出的63个Dof基因,分布于9条染色体上,可以分为9个亚族。十字花科(Brassicaceae)四种作物系统进化树的分析表明,该家族基因在植物中具有高度同源性。对其在不同组织和发育时期的表达模式研究发现,该基因家族具有一定的时空表达特异性。基因RsaDof03和RsaDof25在各个组织中表达量均相对较高,预测其参与萝卜不同的发育过程。本研究为进一步研究萝卜Dof基因家族的功能提供科学依据。展开更多
Spectrin-like protein has been found in a variety of plant cells. In this study, electron microscopic observation of immuno-gold labelled preparations from the leaf petiole of cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) shows that...Spectrin-like protein has been found in a variety of plant cells. In this study, electron microscopic observation of immuno-gold labelled preparations from the leaf petiole of cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) shows that it also exists in the sieve element-companion cell (SE-CC) complex, being widely distributed in P-protein filaments and sieve element reticulum (SER), in the cytoplasm and mitochondrial membrane of companion cell (CC) and in the branched plasmodesmata between sieve element (SE) and CC as well. The results suggest that this protein could be synthesized in CC and transferred to SE through plasmodesmata. Western blotting showed that spectrin-like protein existed in the protein of phloem exudate of cucumber, and its molecular weight was about 260 kD.展开更多
Saffron(Crocus sativus L.)has been traditionally used in food preparation and as a medicinal plant.It currently has numerous therapeutic properties attributed to it,such as protection against ischemia,as well as antic...Saffron(Crocus sativus L.)has been traditionally used in food preparation and as a medicinal plant.It currently has numerous therapeutic properties attributed to it,such as protection against ischemia,as well as anticonvulsant,antidepressant,anxiolytic,hypolipidemic,anti-atherogenic,anti-hypertensive,antidiabetic,and anti-cancer properties.In addition,saffron has remarkable beneficial properties,such as anti-apoptotic,anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities,due to its main metabolites,among which crocin and crocetin stand out.Furthermore,increasing evidence underwrites the possible neuroprotective role of the main bioactive saffron constituents in neurodegenerative diseases,such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases,both in experimental models and in clinical studies in patients.Currently,saffron supplementation is being tested for ocular neurodegenerative pathologies,such as diabetic retinopathy,retinitis pigmentosa,age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma,among others,and shows beneficial effects.The present article provides a comprehensive and up to date report of the investigations on the beneficial effects of saffron extracts on the main neurodegenerative ocular pathologies and other ocular diseases.This review showed that saffron extracts could be considered promising therapeutic agents to help in the treatment of ocular neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
Genetic transformation is an important technique for functional genomics study and genetic improvement of plants. Until now, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methods using cotyledon as explants has been the major...Genetic transformation is an important technique for functional genomics study and genetic improvement of plants. Until now, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methods using cotyledon as explants has been the major approach for cucumber, and its frequency has been up to 23%. For example, significantly enhancement of the transformation efficiency of this plant species was achieved from the cotyledon explants of the cultivar Poinsett 76 infected by Agrobacterium strains EHA105 with efficient positive selection system in lots of experiments. This review is to summarize some key factors influencing cucumber regeneration and genetic transformation, including target genes, selection systems and the ways of transgene introduction, and then to put forward some strategies for the increasing of cucumber transformation efficiency. In the future, it is high possible for cucumber to be potential bioreactor to produce vaccine and biomaterials for human beings.展开更多
Cucumber powdery mildew is one of the most destructive diseases of cucumber throughout the world. In the present study, inheritance of powdery mildew resistance in three crosses, and linkage of resistance with amplifi...Cucumber powdery mildew is one of the most destructive diseases of cucumber throughout the world. In the present study, inheritance of powdery mildew resistance in three crosses, and linkage of resistance with amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） markers are studied to formulate efficient strategies for breeding cultivars resistant to powdery mildew. The joint analysis of multiple generations and AFLP technique has been applied in this study. The best model is the one with two major genes, additive, dominant, and epistatic effects, plus polygenes with additive, dominant, and epistatic effects （E-l-0 model）. The heritabilities of the major genes varied from 64.26% to 97.82%, and susceptibility was incompletely dominant for the two major genes in the three crosses studied. The additive effects of the two major genes and the dominant effect of the second major gene were high, and the epistatic effect of the additive-dominant between the two major genes was the highest in cross I . In cross II, the absolute value of the additive effect, dominant effect, and potential ratio of the first major gene were far higher than those of the second major gene, and the epistatic effect of the additive-additive was the highest. The genetic parameters of the two major genes in cross III were similar to those in cross II. Correlation and regression analyses showed that marker E25/M63-103 was linked to a susceptible gene controlling powdery mildew resistance. The marker could account for 19.98% of the phenotypic variation. When the marker was tested on a diverse set of 29 cucumber lines, the correlation between phenotype and genotype was not significant, which suggested cultivar specialty of gene expression or different methods of resistance to powdery mildew. The target DNA fragment was 103 bp in length, and only a small part was found to be homologous to DNA in the other species evaluated, which indicated that it was unique to the cucumber genome.展开更多
P450(cytochrome P450)is a supergene family,which is involved in various metabolic pathways in plants.Based on previous study,we found some of cucumber P450 mRNAs were systemic mobile in cucumber/pumpkin grafts.However...P450(cytochrome P450)is a supergene family,which is involved in various metabolic pathways in plants.Based on previous study,we found some of cucumber P450 mRNAs were systemic mobile in cucumber/pumpkin grafts.However,the reason that why P450 mRNAs were endorsed as signaling,and what specific motif(s)did they harbored is not clear yet.Here,we first identified 221 CsaP450 genes in cucumber genomewide level.Combining with graft-transmissiblemRNAs datasets in cucumber,we elucidated 15mobile-CsaP450-coding genes,of which 5 and 10 belonged to A-type and non-A type respectively.Compared with Arabidopsis and pumpkin(Cucubit moschata)graft-induced-transmissible P450 mRNAs,a phylogenetic treewas constructed and divided into eight clans by usingmultiple-sequence alignment.Gene ontology(GO)enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)annotations indicated that the expression patterns of the mobile-mRNA-coding CsaP450 genes in different tissues of cucumber was specifically enriched in oxidoreductase activity and secondary metabolic pathways.The structures and motifs of these 15 mobile-mRNA-coding CsaP450 genes and their types of regulatory elements told that the proportion of CU-rich motifs was higher than nonmobile-mRNA-coding CsaP450 genes.The integrated analysis of mobility direction and mRNA abundance of 15 mobilemRNA-coding CsaP450 genes allowed to conclude that there was rarely relationship between them.The study provided a new insight into the relationship between the motifs and functional characterization of mobile-mRNA-coding P450 genes of cucumber in genome-wide levels.展开更多
Downy mildew （DM）, caused by the fungus Peronospora parasitica, is a destructive disease of radish （Raphanus sativus L.） worldwide. Host resistance has been considered as an attractive and environmentally friendly...Downy mildew （DM）, caused by the fungus Peronospora parasitica, is a destructive disease of radish （Raphanus sativus L.） worldwide. Host resistance has been considered as an attractive and environmentally friendly approach to control the disease. However, the genetic mechanisms of resistance in radish to the pathogen remain unknown. To determine the inheritance of resistance to DM, F1, F2 and BC1F1 populations derived from reciprocal crosses between a resistant line NAU-dhp08 and a susceptible line NAU-qtbjq-06 were evaluated for their responses to DM at seedling stage. All F1 hybrid plants showed high resistance to DM and maternal effect was not detected. The segregation for resistant to susceptible individuals statistically iftted a 3：1 ratio in two F2 populations （F2（SR） and F2（RS））, and 1：1 ratio in two BC1F1 populations, indicating that resistance to DM at seedling stage in radish was controlled by a single dominant locus designated as RsDmR. A total of 1 972 primer pairs （1 036 SRAP, 628 RAPD, 126 RGA, 110 EST-SSR and 72 ISSR） were screened, and 36 were polymorphic between the resistant and susceptible bulks, and consequently used for genotyping individuals in the F2 population. Three markers （Em9/ga24370, NAUISSR826700 and Me7/em10400） linked to the RsDmR locus within a 10.0 cM distance were identiifed using bulked segregant analysis （BSA）. The SRAP marker Em9/ga24370 was the most tightly linked one with a distance of 2.3 cM to RsDmR. These markers tightly linked to the RsDmR locus would facilitate marker-assisted selection and resistance gene pyramiding in radish breeding programs.展开更多
Saffron, the most expensive spice in the world, is got by Crocus sativus L. stigmas. The production of this substance has attracted human interest, since ancient cultures, for its medicinal and culinary properties. Be...Saffron, the most expensive spice in the world, is got by Crocus sativus L. stigmas. The production of this substance has attracted human interest, since ancient cultures, for its medicinal and culinary properties. Because of saffron high economic value, sometimes, since Middle Ages, it is adulterated with other vegetal materials, dyes or synthetic molecules. Object of this work was the study of one of the best world saffron: Civitaretenga (AQ, Central Italy) C. sativus. Taste, color and aroma of Civitaretenga spice were determined, according to international standards (ISO/Technical Specification 3632), to define its high quality. A biochemical approach was then applied to obtain a secondary metabolite profile of this product. So, crocins, total phenolic content, flavonoids and phenolic acids were detected by HPLC-DAD and spectrophotometric analysis. Moreover, in vitro antioxidant properties and in vivo antineoplastic effects, on highly metastatic murine B16-F10 melanoma cell line, were successfully revealed in Civitaretenga C. sativus extract. All these data confirmed the elevated quality of Civitaretenga saffron and its highly reducing and chemopreventive activity.展开更多
A new method was developed for the quantitative determination of the neurotoxic nonprotein amino acid, 3-N-oxalyl-L-2,3-diaminopropioni acid (β-ODAP), its nontoxic α-isomer and other non-protein amino acids in the p...A new method was developed for the quantitative determination of the neurotoxic nonprotein amino acid, 3-N-oxalyl-L-2,3-diaminopropioni acid (β-ODAP), its nontoxic α-isomer and other non-protein amino acids in the plant samples of Lathyrus sativus after derivatization with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 2-Amino butyric acid (ABA) was used as an internal standard.The RP HPLC detection limit for both isomers is 1.8 ng with good response linearity. The results are compared with a colorimetric method.展开更多
A rapid and simple method is presented for determining β-N-oxalyl-α. β- diaminopropionic acid (β -ODAP) and its much less toxic α -isomer (α -ODAP) in Lathyrus sativus. Seed and foliage extracts of Lathyrus sat...A rapid and simple method is presented for determining β-N-oxalyl-α. β- diaminopropionic acid (β -ODAP) and its much less toxic α -isomer (α -ODAP) in Lathyrus sativus. Seed and foliage extracts of Lathyrus sativus were treated with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (FDNB) and a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the separation of the derivatives in the pmol range is reported.展开更多
A stable progeny was developed through induced mutation, using microspore culture, of the hybrid (F1F1) produced by crossing a newly synthesized, unstable allopolyploid (F1) and a stable cultivar, BB#1(F1) in xBrassic...A stable progeny was developed through induced mutation, using microspore culture, of the hybrid (F1F1) produced by crossing a newly synthesized, unstable allopolyploid (F1) and a stable cultivar, BB#1(F1) in xBrassicoraphanus. An F1F1 plant was subjected to the induced mutation system established during production of BB#1. Morphological characteristics of the progeny such as color, and leaf number and length, differed from those of BB#1. The bolting time of the progeny in spring cropping was very late compared to BB#1, allowing it to be grown to an adult plant in spring. Genomic in situ hybridization analysis of pollen mother cells at prophase I identified 19 bivalents, 10 from Brassica rapa and 9 from Raphanus sativus. The glucoraphenin content was almost identical to that of BB#1. Two cultivars are available in the baemoochae crop now. These results indicate that induced mutation using microspore culture is a viable method of stabilizing intergeneric allopolyploids between B. rapa and R. sativus.展开更多
Abstract： Raphunus sativus L. commonly known as ＂radish＂ is a popular vegetable crop used by people all over the world for its culinary and medicinal properties. Enhancement of in vitro regeneration system for radi...Abstract： Raphunus sativus L. commonly known as ＂radish＂ is a popular vegetable crop used by people all over the world for its culinary and medicinal properties. Enhancement of in vitro regeneration system for radish variety beeralu is needed to further tissue culture studied. Therefore, the present study was carried out to find out the effects of different organic additives on in vitro shoot regeneration of Radish （Raphanus sativus L.） Var. Beeralu. Hypocotyl explants of aseptic plantlets were cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with 2.5 mg/L BAP （benzyl adenine） and 0.1 mg/L NAA （1-nphthaleneacetic acid） with different natural additives; 20% coconut water, 20% coconut milk, 10% grind spinach leaves, 10% grind potato tubers, 10% grind carrot, 5% rice flour, 10% green gram, 10% grind pumpkin, 10% banana fruit, 10% orange and control （without any additives）. Complete randomized design （CRD） with five replicates was used. After one month the numbers of regenerated shoots were counted and statistical analysis was carried out using the Student Newman-Kuells Means Separation Test of SAS program （9.1.3）. The highest mean number of shoots （12 shoots/explant） from Radish （Raphanus sativus L.） Var. Beeralu observed in MS basal medium with 2.5 mg/L BAP and 0.1 mg/L NAA with 10% orange juice whereas the 2nd highest shoots were obtained with 20% coconut water. The lowest number of shoots （0 shoot/explant） was observed from medium with carrot juice and pumpkin juice, but they induced callus formation. Media with grind spinach leaves, rice flour, green gram, grind potato tubers and banana inhibit the shoot regeneration.展开更多
This paper studies the effect of basalt and tephra dusts,as alternatives to chemical fertilizers,on soil fertility and Radish(Raphanus sativus)production.The experiment was conducted in the field and in the labo...This paper studies the effect of basalt and tephra dusts,as alternatives to chemical fertilizers,on soil fertility and Radish(Raphanus sativus)production.The experiment was conducted in the field and in the laboratory in the years 2017 and 2018 on two separate plots so as to annul residual effects of fertilizers).The experimental design in the field was a randomized complete block design(56 m^(2)),including five treatments and three replications:control(T_(0)),basalt dust(T_(1)),tephra dust(T_(2)),effective micro-organism(EM)fertilizer(T_(3))and NPK 20-10-10(T_(4)).The main results show the following decreasing trend based on yield:T_(1)>T_(3)>T_(0)>T_(4)>T_(2).The best yields appear in T_(1) and T_(3) probably because they supplied the highest levels of soil nutrients to match the needs of the crops.Although T_(2) plants performed poorly,soil properties like pH.H_(2)O(6.14 to 6.49),sum of exchangeable bases,base saturation,available phosphorus and cation balance were improved after tephra treatment.T_(2) plants might have performed poorly due to intrinsic properties of the tephra dust like low availability of trace elements compared to T_(1) and T_(3).T_(4) plants show the highest number of leaves,leaf area index and plant height.The Fe,Mn,Cu and Zn levels in bulbs and leaves will not pose danger of toxicity to human upon consumption and could serve as nutrient supplement for children and expectant mothers.The most profitable treatment is T_(1) permitting to recommend the popularization of basalt dust for radish cultivation as an alternative to chemical fertilizers.展开更多
文摘Background:Epidemiological studies have confirmed that longer exposure to insecticides like cypermethrin(CYP)significantly increases the risk of male reproductive toxicity.Crocus sativus L.has been recognized due to its therapeutic properties,but its exact role and molecular mechanisms in treatment of reproductive dysfunction remain unclear.Methods:During this study,36 rats were randomly divided into six groups(n=6):control,CYP-induced(60 mg/kg),standard(leuprolide 3 mg/kg)and three treatment groups receiving aqueous,ethanolic,and oil extracts(50 mg/kg or 20 mL/kg)for post-toxicity induction.Results:The finding represented that exposure of CYP significantly increased oxidative stress,disrupted testicular architecture,and markedly reduced testosterone levels(P<0.05).Importantly,Crocus sativus L.treatment alleviated these changes by increasing the expression of Nrf2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2),restoring the activity of antioxidant enzymes,and enhancing testicular histomorphology.Surprisingly,molecular docking established a high binding affinity of Crocus sativus L.phytoconstituents such as gallic acid,cinnamic acid and quercetin to the Nrf2-Keap1 complex.It is worth noting that,Crocus sativus L.exhibited a high level of protection against reproductive toxicity caused by CYP in male rats,which was mediated by the activation of Nrf2 pathway,reduction of oxidative damage,and favorable ADMET characteristics.Conclusion:Notably,this research provides a more valid,safe,and effective method of developing new drugs for reproductive disorders,however,further investigation is needed to support the research findings and implement it in clinical practice.
文摘Style-stigma-like structures were regenerated from stamens of Crocus sativus L. The age of the stamen explant has an obvious effect on the induction rate. Auxin NAA. has larger effect on the induction of filament style-stigma-like structure. Auxin NAA of higher concentration can lead to higher induction rate. Temperature and light have different effects on the induction of style-stigma-like structure from anther's filament of C. sativus with exogenous hormones at different levels. Ultraviolet tests show that style-stigma-like structure from anther's filament of C. sativus contains crocin, safranal and picrocrocin, contents of which are obviously more than those contained in the style-stigma-like from style. Floral reversion was observed in the induction of style-stigma-like structure from petals, ovaries and styles.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of salt stress on seed germination and seedling growth in radish（Raphanus sativus L.）.[Method] First,effects of soaking seeds with clear water and different concentrations of saline solution were compared; then,different concentrations of salt solution （0.2％-1.0％） was used to treat radish during the whole germination period.[Result] soaking seeds with clear water can improve the germination indicators of radish seeds exposed to high salt stress; low salt concentration（0.2％,0.4％） had little effect on the growth indicators of radish seedlings,and 0.2％ salt concentration can even promote the growth of radish seedlings,however,the high salinity had a bad inhibition on seedling growth,the higher the salt concentration,the stronger the inhibition.[Conclusion] According to the comprehensive comparison,the order of the six varieties in salt-tolerance was as follows：Xinxiayuanbai＞W1029,Xiayuanbai ＞ Nanyangbailizhi,Chunyidianhong＞ Sijihong 3.
文摘Dof(DNA-binding with one finger)蛋白是一类在植物中起着关键作用的转录因子。本研究对萝卜Dof转录因子基因家族进行了系统进化关系、保守模体、染色体位置分布及不同组织表达模式分析。研究发现,萝卜基因组中鉴定出的63个Dof基因,分布于9条染色体上,可以分为9个亚族。十字花科(Brassicaceae)四种作物系统进化树的分析表明,该家族基因在植物中具有高度同源性。对其在不同组织和发育时期的表达模式研究发现,该基因家族具有一定的时空表达特异性。基因RsaDof03和RsaDof25在各个组织中表达量均相对较高,预测其参与萝卜不同的发育过程。本研究为进一步研究萝卜Dof基因家族的功能提供科学依据。
文摘Spectrin-like protein has been found in a variety of plant cells. In this study, electron microscopic observation of immuno-gold labelled preparations from the leaf petiole of cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) shows that it also exists in the sieve element-companion cell (SE-CC) complex, being widely distributed in P-protein filaments and sieve element reticulum (SER), in the cytoplasm and mitochondrial membrane of companion cell (CC) and in the branched plasmodesmata between sieve element (SE) and CC as well. The results suggest that this protein could be synthesized in CC and transferred to SE through plasmodesmata. Western blotting showed that spectrin-like protein existed in the protein of phloem exudate of cucumber, and its molecular weight was about 260 kD.
基金the Ophthalmological Network OFTARED(RD16/0008/0005,RD16/0008/0022, of the Institute of Health of Carlos III of the Spanish Ministry of Economyby the PN I+D+i 2008–2011+4 种基金by the ISCIII-Subdireccion General de Redes y Centros de Investigacion Cooperativaby the European program FEDER.SAF-2014-53779-R:from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivenessby Articulo 83 118-2017(UCM-Pharmactive Biotech)supported by a Predoctoral Fellowship(FPU17/01023)from the Spanish Ministry of Science,Innovation,and Universitiessupported by a Predoctoral Fellowship(CT42/18-CT43/18)from the Complutense University of Madrid
文摘Saffron(Crocus sativus L.)has been traditionally used in food preparation and as a medicinal plant.It currently has numerous therapeutic properties attributed to it,such as protection against ischemia,as well as anticonvulsant,antidepressant,anxiolytic,hypolipidemic,anti-atherogenic,anti-hypertensive,antidiabetic,and anti-cancer properties.In addition,saffron has remarkable beneficial properties,such as anti-apoptotic,anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities,due to its main metabolites,among which crocin and crocetin stand out.Furthermore,increasing evidence underwrites the possible neuroprotective role of the main bioactive saffron constituents in neurodegenerative diseases,such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases,both in experimental models and in clinical studies in patients.Currently,saffron supplementation is being tested for ocular neurodegenerative pathologies,such as diabetic retinopathy,retinitis pigmentosa,age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma,among others,and shows beneficial effects.The present article provides a comprehensive and up to date report of the investigations on the beneficial effects of saffron extracts on the main neurodegenerative ocular pathologies and other ocular diseases.This review showed that saffron extracts could be considered promising therapeutic agents to help in the treatment of ocular neurodegenerative diseases.
基金financially supported by grants from the Biogreen 21 Program, RDA, Korea (PJ00810304)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP) of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2014–2015)the Beijing Municipal Education Commission, China (KM200910011001)
文摘Genetic transformation is an important technique for functional genomics study and genetic improvement of plants. Until now, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methods using cotyledon as explants has been the major approach for cucumber, and its frequency has been up to 23%. For example, significantly enhancement of the transformation efficiency of this plant species was achieved from the cotyledon explants of the cultivar Poinsett 76 infected by Agrobacterium strains EHA105 with efficient positive selection system in lots of experiments. This review is to summarize some key factors influencing cucumber regeneration and genetic transformation, including target genes, selection systems and the ways of transgene introduction, and then to put forward some strategies for the increasing of cucumber transformation efficiency. In the future, it is high possible for cucumber to be potential bioreactor to produce vaccine and biomaterials for human beings.
文摘Cucumber powdery mildew is one of the most destructive diseases of cucumber throughout the world. In the present study, inheritance of powdery mildew resistance in three crosses, and linkage of resistance with amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） markers are studied to formulate efficient strategies for breeding cultivars resistant to powdery mildew. The joint analysis of multiple generations and AFLP technique has been applied in this study. The best model is the one with two major genes, additive, dominant, and epistatic effects, plus polygenes with additive, dominant, and epistatic effects （E-l-0 model）. The heritabilities of the major genes varied from 64.26% to 97.82%, and susceptibility was incompletely dominant for the two major genes in the three crosses studied. The additive effects of the two major genes and the dominant effect of the second major gene were high, and the epistatic effect of the additive-dominant between the two major genes was the highest in cross I . In cross II, the absolute value of the additive effect, dominant effect, and potential ratio of the first major gene were far higher than those of the second major gene, and the epistatic effect of the additive-additive was the highest. The genetic parameters of the two major genes in cross III were similar to those in cross II. Correlation and regression analyses showed that marker E25/M63-103 was linked to a susceptible gene controlling powdery mildew resistance. The marker could account for 19.98% of the phenotypic variation. When the marker was tested on a diverse set of 29 cucumber lines, the correlation between phenotype and genotype was not significant, which suggested cultivar specialty of gene expression or different methods of resistance to powdery mildew. The target DNA fragment was 103 bp in length, and only a small part was found to be homologous to DNA in the other species evaluated, which indicated that it was unique to the cucumber genome.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2018YFD1000800 and 2019YFD1000300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31872158)Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CAS-23).
文摘P450(cytochrome P450)is a supergene family,which is involved in various metabolic pathways in plants.Based on previous study,we found some of cucumber P450 mRNAs were systemic mobile in cucumber/pumpkin grafts.However,the reason that why P450 mRNAs were endorsed as signaling,and what specific motif(s)did they harbored is not clear yet.Here,we first identified 221 CsaP450 genes in cucumber genomewide level.Combining with graft-transmissiblemRNAs datasets in cucumber,we elucidated 15mobile-CsaP450-coding genes,of which 5 and 10 belonged to A-type and non-A type respectively.Compared with Arabidopsis and pumpkin(Cucubit moschata)graft-induced-transmissible P450 mRNAs,a phylogenetic treewas constructed and divided into eight clans by usingmultiple-sequence alignment.Gene ontology(GO)enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)annotations indicated that the expression patterns of the mobile-mRNA-coding CsaP450 genes in different tissues of cucumber was specifically enriched in oxidoreductase activity and secondary metabolic pathways.The structures and motifs of these 15 mobile-mRNA-coding CsaP450 genes and their types of regulatory elements told that the proportion of CU-rich motifs was higher than nonmobile-mRNA-coding CsaP450 genes.The integrated analysis of mobility direction and mRNA abundance of 15 mobilemRNA-coding CsaP450 genes allowed to conclude that there was rarely relationship between them.The study provided a new insight into the relationship between the motifs and functional characterization of mobile-mRNA-coding P450 genes of cucumber in genome-wide levels.
基金in part supported by grants from the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China (2012BAD02B01)the Key Technology R&D Program of Jiangsu Province, China (BE2013429)+1 种基金Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund (JASTIF,CX(12) 2006,(13)2007],NAUNKL-ZW2009007the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)
文摘Downy mildew （DM）, caused by the fungus Peronospora parasitica, is a destructive disease of radish （Raphanus sativus L.） worldwide. Host resistance has been considered as an attractive and environmentally friendly approach to control the disease. However, the genetic mechanisms of resistance in radish to the pathogen remain unknown. To determine the inheritance of resistance to DM, F1, F2 and BC1F1 populations derived from reciprocal crosses between a resistant line NAU-dhp08 and a susceptible line NAU-qtbjq-06 were evaluated for their responses to DM at seedling stage. All F1 hybrid plants showed high resistance to DM and maternal effect was not detected. The segregation for resistant to susceptible individuals statistically iftted a 3：1 ratio in two F2 populations （F2（SR） and F2（RS））, and 1：1 ratio in two BC1F1 populations, indicating that resistance to DM at seedling stage in radish was controlled by a single dominant locus designated as RsDmR. A total of 1 972 primer pairs （1 036 SRAP, 628 RAPD, 126 RGA, 110 EST-SSR and 72 ISSR） were screened, and 36 were polymorphic between the resistant and susceptible bulks, and consequently used for genotyping individuals in the F2 population. Three markers （Em9/ga24370, NAUISSR826700 and Me7/em10400） linked to the RsDmR locus within a 10.0 cM distance were identiifed using bulked segregant analysis （BSA）. The SRAP marker Em9/ga24370 was the most tightly linked one with a distance of 2.3 cM to RsDmR. These markers tightly linked to the RsDmR locus would facilitate marker-assisted selection and resistance gene pyramiding in radish breeding programs.
文摘Saffron, the most expensive spice in the world, is got by Crocus sativus L. stigmas. The production of this substance has attracted human interest, since ancient cultures, for its medicinal and culinary properties. Because of saffron high economic value, sometimes, since Middle Ages, it is adulterated with other vegetal materials, dyes or synthetic molecules. Object of this work was the study of one of the best world saffron: Civitaretenga (AQ, Central Italy) C. sativus. Taste, color and aroma of Civitaretenga spice were determined, according to international standards (ISO/Technical Specification 3632), to define its high quality. A biochemical approach was then applied to obtain a secondary metabolite profile of this product. So, crocins, total phenolic content, flavonoids and phenolic acids were detected by HPLC-DAD and spectrophotometric analysis. Moreover, in vitro antioxidant properties and in vivo antineoplastic effects, on highly metastatic murine B16-F10 melanoma cell line, were successfully revealed in Civitaretenga C. sativus extract. All these data confirmed the elevated quality of Civitaretenga saffron and its highly reducing and chemopreventive activity.
文摘A new method was developed for the quantitative determination of the neurotoxic nonprotein amino acid, 3-N-oxalyl-L-2,3-diaminopropioni acid (β-ODAP), its nontoxic α-isomer and other non-protein amino acids in the plant samples of Lathyrus sativus after derivatization with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 2-Amino butyric acid (ABA) was used as an internal standard.The RP HPLC detection limit for both isomers is 1.8 ng with good response linearity. The results are compared with a colorimetric method.
基金Tshe prOject!(39770469) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘A rapid and simple method is presented for determining β-N-oxalyl-α. β- diaminopropionic acid (β -ODAP) and its much less toxic α -isomer (α -ODAP) in Lathyrus sativus. Seed and foliage extracts of Lathyrus sativus were treated with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (FDNB) and a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the separation of the derivatives in the pmol range is reported.
文摘A stable progeny was developed through induced mutation, using microspore culture, of the hybrid (F1F1) produced by crossing a newly synthesized, unstable allopolyploid (F1) and a stable cultivar, BB#1(F1) in xBrassicoraphanus. An F1F1 plant was subjected to the induced mutation system established during production of BB#1. Morphological characteristics of the progeny such as color, and leaf number and length, differed from those of BB#1. The bolting time of the progeny in spring cropping was very late compared to BB#1, allowing it to be grown to an adult plant in spring. Genomic in situ hybridization analysis of pollen mother cells at prophase I identified 19 bivalents, 10 from Brassica rapa and 9 from Raphanus sativus. The glucoraphenin content was almost identical to that of BB#1. Two cultivars are available in the baemoochae crop now. These results indicate that induced mutation using microspore culture is a viable method of stabilizing intergeneric allopolyploids between B. rapa and R. sativus.
文摘Abstract： Raphunus sativus L. commonly known as ＂radish＂ is a popular vegetable crop used by people all over the world for its culinary and medicinal properties. Enhancement of in vitro regeneration system for radish variety beeralu is needed to further tissue culture studied. Therefore, the present study was carried out to find out the effects of different organic additives on in vitro shoot regeneration of Radish （Raphanus sativus L.） Var. Beeralu. Hypocotyl explants of aseptic plantlets were cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with 2.5 mg/L BAP （benzyl adenine） and 0.1 mg/L NAA （1-nphthaleneacetic acid） with different natural additives; 20% coconut water, 20% coconut milk, 10% grind spinach leaves, 10% grind potato tubers, 10% grind carrot, 5% rice flour, 10% green gram, 10% grind pumpkin, 10% banana fruit, 10% orange and control （without any additives）. Complete randomized design （CRD） with five replicates was used. After one month the numbers of regenerated shoots were counted and statistical analysis was carried out using the Student Newman-Kuells Means Separation Test of SAS program （9.1.3）. The highest mean number of shoots （12 shoots/explant） from Radish （Raphanus sativus L.） Var. Beeralu observed in MS basal medium with 2.5 mg/L BAP and 0.1 mg/L NAA with 10% orange juice whereas the 2nd highest shoots were obtained with 20% coconut water. The lowest number of shoots （0 shoot/explant） was observed from medium with carrot juice and pumpkin juice, but they induced callus formation. Media with grind spinach leaves, rice flour, green gram, grind potato tubers and banana inhibit the shoot regeneration.
文摘This paper studies the effect of basalt and tephra dusts,as alternatives to chemical fertilizers,on soil fertility and Radish(Raphanus sativus)production.The experiment was conducted in the field and in the laboratory in the years 2017 and 2018 on two separate plots so as to annul residual effects of fertilizers).The experimental design in the field was a randomized complete block design(56 m^(2)),including five treatments and three replications:control(T_(0)),basalt dust(T_(1)),tephra dust(T_(2)),effective micro-organism(EM)fertilizer(T_(3))and NPK 20-10-10(T_(4)).The main results show the following decreasing trend based on yield:T_(1)>T_(3)>T_(0)>T_(4)>T_(2).The best yields appear in T_(1) and T_(3) probably because they supplied the highest levels of soil nutrients to match the needs of the crops.Although T_(2) plants performed poorly,soil properties like pH.H_(2)O(6.14 to 6.49),sum of exchangeable bases,base saturation,available phosphorus and cation balance were improved after tephra treatment.T_(2) plants might have performed poorly due to intrinsic properties of the tephra dust like low availability of trace elements compared to T_(1) and T_(3).T_(4) plants show the highest number of leaves,leaf area index and plant height.The Fe,Mn,Cu and Zn levels in bulbs and leaves will not pose danger of toxicity to human upon consumption and could serve as nutrient supplement for children and expectant mothers.The most profitable treatment is T_(1) permitting to recommend the popularization of basalt dust for radish cultivation as an alternative to chemical fertilizers.
