[Objectives]To explore the effect of selenium(Se)on inhibiting embryo abortion and enhancing seedling cultivation quality of Red sandalwood(Pterocarpus santalinus).[Methods]Based on prior cultivation practices and exp...[Objectives]To explore the effect of selenium(Se)on inhibiting embryo abortion and enhancing seedling cultivation quality of Red sandalwood(Pterocarpus santalinus).[Methods]Based on prior cultivation practices and experimental research,three categories comprising 13 forest soil nutrient management schemes were designed to investigate the synergistic effects of Se,NPK compound fertilizers,and enzyme-microbe fermented organic fertilizers(EFOF)on embryo abortion,winged pod development,and seedling quality of Red sandalwood.[Results]Increasing the Se content in the soil,particularly in the form of selenite/Se(IV),within one month following the harvest of Red sandalwood pods and within two months prior to flower withering,significantly reduced embryo abortion percentage(EAP),and consequently improved seed quality and yield per plant.The effect of Se application was markedly greater than that of the single application of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K),boron(B)fertilizers,or organic fertilizers.Furthermore,when Se was applied in combination with NPK compound fertilizers and EFOF,these beneficial effects were significantly enhanced.When Se(IV)was applied individually,the EAP decreased by 62.4%,reaching 24.8% at 8 weeks after flower withering(compared to 65.9%in the unmanaged control,UMC).Following winged pod maturation,the percentage of empty winged pods(PEWP)declined by 65.2% to 16.8%(UMC:48.2%),the average individual winged pod weight(IWPW)increased by 69.1%to 0.690 g per fruit(UMC:0.408 g),and the winged pod yield(WPY)rose by 214.8% to 4.03 kg(UMC:1.28 kg).Additionally,the blasted seed percentage(BSP)was reduced by 51.2% to 29.9%(UMC:61.3%),and the 100-seed weight(HSW)increased by 96.0%to 8.37 g(UMC:4.27 g).Following sowing in the nursery,the seedling emergence rate(SER)increased by 6.57-fold,reaching 59.8%(UMC:7.9%).Additionally,the whole plant biomass of 6-month-old seedlings increased by 52.9%,attaining 1.56 g(UMC:1.02 g).The combined application of EFOF+NPK+Se(IV)significantly reduced the EAP,PEWP,and BSP by 56.5%,46.0%,and 56.3%,respectively,compared to the single application of Se(IV).Furthermore,these percentages decreased by 79.7%,78.9%,and 71.8%,respectively,relative to the single application of NPK compound fertilizers,and by 79.0%,74.5%,and 72.1%,respectively,compared to the single application of EFOF.Additionally,the SER increased by 34.6%,141.0%,and 287.0%,respectively,when compared to the single application of Se(IV),NPK compound fertilizers,and EFOF.[Conclusions]Enhancing the nutrient status of forest soils,particularly the concentration of Se(IV),constitutes a critical technical approach to improving the resistance of Red sandalwood to low-temperature stress during its flowering and fruiting stages,thereby preventing embryo abortion.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the regulatory effects of selenium(Se)on the content and balance of endogenous hormones and the function of antioxidant system during seed development in Red sandalw...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the regulatory effects of selenium(Se)on the content and balance of endogenous hormones and the function of antioxidant system during seed development in Red sandalwood(Pterocarpus santalinus).[Methods]Two basic treatments,seven single-fertilization treatments,and four combined fertilization treatments were designed.Sampling was conducted at 2,5,8,and 18 weeks after flower withering to measure the embryo abortion percentage(EAP),the contents of three endogenous hormones(IAA,GA_(3),ABA),and the activities of four antioxidant enzymes(CAT,APX,SOD,GR).[Results]Se application significantly inhibited embryo abortion in Red sandalwood,with Na_(2)SeO_(3)[Se(IV)]showing superior effects to Na_(2)SeO_(3)(Se(VI))and far exceeding the efficacy of individual applications of KCl,H_(3)BO_(3),CO(NH_(2))_(2),Ca(H_(2)PO_(4))_(2),NPK compound fertilizer,or EFOF.The combined treatment of Se with NPK compound fertilizer and EFOF[EFOF+NPK compound fertilizer+Se(IV)]was the most effective,reducing the abortion percentage by 77.8%compared with UMC at 18 weeks after flower withering.Se application significantly increased the levels of three endogenous hormones and the(IAA+GA_(3))/ABA ratio in Red sandalwood seeds(including the embryonic stage).In the optimal treatment,the(IAA+GA_(3))content was 240.7%,256.4%,353.7%,and 502.9%higher than that of UMC at 2,5,8,and 18 weeks after flower withering,respectively.Se application also concurrently enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities,with all four antioxidant enzymes in seeds of Se-treated plants showing significant increases.Notably,the selenoenzyme GR maintained considerably high activity even at 18 weeks after flower withering.The EAP was highly significantly negatively correlated with IAA content and GR activity,identifying IAA and(IAA+GA_(3))content as key hormonal indicators and GR as the core antioxidant enzyme,together constituting the central regulatory factors.The results indicate that Se suppresses embryo abortion in Red sandalwood through a dual regulatory pathway:by elevating IAA and GA_(3)levels along with the(IAA+GA_(3))/ABA ratio to optimize hormonal signaling networks,and by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as GR to alleviate oxidative stress induced by cool-season low temperatures.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis and technical strategy for precision fertilization and stress resistance management in the cultivation of Red sandalwood.展开更多
In the introduction and propagation of red sandalwood （Pterocarpus santalinus）, a serious leaf disease of its seedlings in winter and spring seasons was found, but the name of the disease and its pathogen species ha...In the introduction and propagation of red sandalwood （Pterocarpus santalinus）, a serious leaf disease of its seedlings in winter and spring seasons was found, but the name of the disease and its pathogen species have not been reported. The pathogen isolated from infected leaves of 18-month-old seedlings was identi- fied as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides by morphological characteristics of colony and conidium, and analysis results of rDNA-intemal transcribed spacer sequence （ITS） of the strain. Pathogenicity test results further confirmed that C. gloeosporioides was the pathogen responsible for the infected leaves symptoms of red sandal- wood. However, the disease belongs to an atypical anthraenose. Control of the leaf diseases of red sandalwood seedlings was discussed.展开更多
[Objectives] This article aimed to study the grafting propagation techniques of red sandalwood ( Pterocarpus santalinus ), so as to provide technical support for the effective propagation of seedlings of this precious...[Objectives] This article aimed to study the grafting propagation techniques of red sandalwood ( Pterocarpus santalinus ), so as to provide technical support for the effective propagation of seedlings of this precious Hongmu species.[Methods] Based on the analysis and comparison of the growth performance of the Hongmu tree species introduced to China, taking 1 to 2-year-old Pterocarpus indicus seedlings as rootstocks and single-bud stems of P. santalinus as scions, grafting was carried out from January to April using three grafting propagation methods, cut grafting propagation, skin grafting propagation and oblique grafting propagation.[Results] The results of several years of experiments show that in early spring, P. santalinus could be propagated well using the grafting propagation methods of skin grafting propagation and oblique grafting propagation, with survival rate over 80%. For rootstocks with young age or thin stems, the joint unions of the oblique grafting propagation healed well, without apparent protrusions, unlike those of skin grafting propagation. The survival rate of oblique grafting propagation that is fast and reliable was higher than that of cut grafting propagation.[Conclusions] It is feasible to use the grafting propagation methods to propagate P. santalinus seedlings. This is a traditional and innovative technology path in the propagation of high-quality seedlings of precious Hongmu trees, and can be promoted and applied in industrial practice.展开更多
The objective of this research was to improve the growth and biomass of Pterocarpus santalinus L.f.(an endangered leguminous tree)using native microbial symbionts such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobium ass...The objective of this research was to improve the growth and biomass of Pterocarpus santalinus L.f.(an endangered leguminous tree)using native microbial symbionts such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobium associated with native populations of P.santalinus.The native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi isolated from P.santalinus soils were identifi ed as(1)Glomus fasciculatum;(2)Glomus geosporum;and Glomus aggregatum.A nitrogenfi xing microbial symbiont was isolated from the root nodules of P.santalinus and identifi ed as Rhizobium aegyptiacum by 16s rRNA gene sequencing.These microbial symbionts were inoculated individually and in combination into P.santalinus seedling roots.After 90 days,growth and biomass had improved compared with uninoculated controls.Shoot and root lengths,number of leaves,stem circumference,number of root nodules,biomass,nutrient uptake and seedling quality index were signifi cantly increased by a combined inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi+Rhizobium aegyptiacum.It was concluded that native microbial symbionts positively infl uenced P.santalinus seedling growth which will be helpful for successful fi eld establishment.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to develop a rapid propagation method for red sandalwood ( Pterocarpus santalinus ) by tissue culture.[Methods] The well-grown red sandalwood seed embryos were inoculated into thr...[Objectives] This study was conducted to develop a rapid propagation method for red sandalwood ( Pterocarpus santalinus ) by tissue culture.[Methods] The well-grown red sandalwood seed embryos were inoculated into three kinds of culture media after aseptic treatment,and the aseptic explants were obtained and inoculated into six kinds of media for light culture.[Results] In the best disinfection schemes of red sandalwood,disinfecting with HgCl 2 for 8 min achieved the highest germination and survival rates;when the medium for inducing red sandalwood explants was MS+0.2 mg/L IBA,the induction rate reached a maximum value;and when the culture medium for inducing stem segments of aseptic red sandalwood plantlets was MS+3.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.3 mg/L IBA,the growth of the stem segments achieved the best effect.The optimal medium for inducing red sandalwood explants was MS+IBA 0.2 mg/L,and the optimal medium for inducing stem segments of red sandalwood was MS+3.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.3 mg/L IBA.[Conclusions] The results of this study have a large reproductive coefficient,simple process and low cost,which have outstanding value for promoting the breeding and promotion of red sandalwood seedlings.展开更多
Red sandalwood(Pterocarpus santalinus)is the most precious species of Pterocarpus,and the long maturity period of its heartwood is an important factor limiting its development.The 1-year-old plants of P.macarocarpus w...Red sandalwood(Pterocarpus santalinus)is the most precious species of Pterocarpus,and the long maturity period of its heartwood is an important factor limiting its development.The 1-year-old plants of P.macarocarpus were chosen as the rootstocks to graft red sandalwood with single-bud scions of 1-year-old shoots in spring.The 5-month survival rate reached over 80%,and the grafted plants grew well.Moreover,the grafting significantly promoted the formation and development of the heartwood of red sandlawood.At 18^(th)month after grafting,compared with the seedling plants,the diameter of heartwood was increased by 82.8%and 29.6%,respectively,and the ratio of heartwood increased by 64.8%and 29.6%,respectively.The propagation technology had outstanding practical value and scientific significance,which has not been reported at home and abroad.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31270674)Science and Technology Plan Project of Zhaoqing City(2019N012)National Undergraduate Science and Technology Innovation Training Program of China(202210580007).
文摘[Objectives]To explore the effect of selenium(Se)on inhibiting embryo abortion and enhancing seedling cultivation quality of Red sandalwood(Pterocarpus santalinus).[Methods]Based on prior cultivation practices and experimental research,three categories comprising 13 forest soil nutrient management schemes were designed to investigate the synergistic effects of Se,NPK compound fertilizers,and enzyme-microbe fermented organic fertilizers(EFOF)on embryo abortion,winged pod development,and seedling quality of Red sandalwood.[Results]Increasing the Se content in the soil,particularly in the form of selenite/Se(IV),within one month following the harvest of Red sandalwood pods and within two months prior to flower withering,significantly reduced embryo abortion percentage(EAP),and consequently improved seed quality and yield per plant.The effect of Se application was markedly greater than that of the single application of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K),boron(B)fertilizers,or organic fertilizers.Furthermore,when Se was applied in combination with NPK compound fertilizers and EFOF,these beneficial effects were significantly enhanced.When Se(IV)was applied individually,the EAP decreased by 62.4%,reaching 24.8% at 8 weeks after flower withering(compared to 65.9%in the unmanaged control,UMC).Following winged pod maturation,the percentage of empty winged pods(PEWP)declined by 65.2% to 16.8%(UMC:48.2%),the average individual winged pod weight(IWPW)increased by 69.1%to 0.690 g per fruit(UMC:0.408 g),and the winged pod yield(WPY)rose by 214.8% to 4.03 kg(UMC:1.28 kg).Additionally,the blasted seed percentage(BSP)was reduced by 51.2% to 29.9%(UMC:61.3%),and the 100-seed weight(HSW)increased by 96.0%to 8.37 g(UMC:4.27 g).Following sowing in the nursery,the seedling emergence rate(SER)increased by 6.57-fold,reaching 59.8%(UMC:7.9%).Additionally,the whole plant biomass of 6-month-old seedlings increased by 52.9%,attaining 1.56 g(UMC:1.02 g).The combined application of EFOF+NPK+Se(IV)significantly reduced the EAP,PEWP,and BSP by 56.5%,46.0%,and 56.3%,respectively,compared to the single application of Se(IV).Furthermore,these percentages decreased by 79.7%,78.9%,and 71.8%,respectively,relative to the single application of NPK compound fertilizers,and by 79.0%,74.5%,and 72.1%,respectively,compared to the single application of EFOF.Additionally,the SER increased by 34.6%,141.0%,and 287.0%,respectively,when compared to the single application of Se(IV),NPK compound fertilizers,and EFOF.[Conclusions]Enhancing the nutrient status of forest soils,particularly the concentration of Se(IV),constitutes a critical technical approach to improving the resistance of Red sandalwood to low-temperature stress during its flowering and fruiting stages,thereby preventing embryo abortion.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31270674)Science and Technology Planning Project of Zhaoqing City,Guangdong Province(2019N012)National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202210580007).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the regulatory effects of selenium(Se)on the content and balance of endogenous hormones and the function of antioxidant system during seed development in Red sandalwood(Pterocarpus santalinus).[Methods]Two basic treatments,seven single-fertilization treatments,and four combined fertilization treatments were designed.Sampling was conducted at 2,5,8,and 18 weeks after flower withering to measure the embryo abortion percentage(EAP),the contents of three endogenous hormones(IAA,GA_(3),ABA),and the activities of four antioxidant enzymes(CAT,APX,SOD,GR).[Results]Se application significantly inhibited embryo abortion in Red sandalwood,with Na_(2)SeO_(3)[Se(IV)]showing superior effects to Na_(2)SeO_(3)(Se(VI))and far exceeding the efficacy of individual applications of KCl,H_(3)BO_(3),CO(NH_(2))_(2),Ca(H_(2)PO_(4))_(2),NPK compound fertilizer,or EFOF.The combined treatment of Se with NPK compound fertilizer and EFOF[EFOF+NPK compound fertilizer+Se(IV)]was the most effective,reducing the abortion percentage by 77.8%compared with UMC at 18 weeks after flower withering.Se application significantly increased the levels of three endogenous hormones and the(IAA+GA_(3))/ABA ratio in Red sandalwood seeds(including the embryonic stage).In the optimal treatment,the(IAA+GA_(3))content was 240.7%,256.4%,353.7%,and 502.9%higher than that of UMC at 2,5,8,and 18 weeks after flower withering,respectively.Se application also concurrently enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities,with all four antioxidant enzymes in seeds of Se-treated plants showing significant increases.Notably,the selenoenzyme GR maintained considerably high activity even at 18 weeks after flower withering.The EAP was highly significantly negatively correlated with IAA content and GR activity,identifying IAA and(IAA+GA_(3))content as key hormonal indicators and GR as the core antioxidant enzyme,together constituting the central regulatory factors.The results indicate that Se suppresses embryo abortion in Red sandalwood through a dual regulatory pathway:by elevating IAA and GA_(3)levels along with the(IAA+GA_(3))/ABA ratio to optimize hormonal signaling networks,and by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as GR to alleviate oxidative stress induced by cool-season low temperatures.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis and technical strategy for precision fertilization and stress resistance management in the cultivation of Red sandalwood.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(31270674)Innovative High School Key Research Platform of Zhaoqing University(CQ201607)
文摘In the introduction and propagation of red sandalwood （Pterocarpus santalinus）, a serious leaf disease of its seedlings in winter and spring seasons was found, but the name of the disease and its pathogen species have not been reported. The pathogen isolated from infected leaves of 18-month-old seedlings was identi- fied as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides by morphological characteristics of colony and conidium, and analysis results of rDNA-intemal transcribed spacer sequence （ITS） of the strain. Pathogenicity test results further confirmed that C. gloeosporioides was the pathogen responsible for the infected leaves symptoms of red sandal- wood. However, the disease belongs to an atypical anthraenose. Control of the leaf diseases of red sandalwood seedlings was discussed.
基金Supported by College Students’Science and Technology Innovation Cultivation Special Funds(Climbing Plan)(pdjhb0541)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31270674)
文摘[Objectives] This article aimed to study the grafting propagation techniques of red sandalwood ( Pterocarpus santalinus ), so as to provide technical support for the effective propagation of seedlings of this precious Hongmu species.[Methods] Based on the analysis and comparison of the growth performance of the Hongmu tree species introduced to China, taking 1 to 2-year-old Pterocarpus indicus seedlings as rootstocks and single-bud stems of P. santalinus as scions, grafting was carried out from January to April using three grafting propagation methods, cut grafting propagation, skin grafting propagation and oblique grafting propagation.[Results] The results of several years of experiments show that in early spring, P. santalinus could be propagated well using the grafting propagation methods of skin grafting propagation and oblique grafting propagation, with survival rate over 80%. For rootstocks with young age or thin stems, the joint unions of the oblique grafting propagation healed well, without apparent protrusions, unlike those of skin grafting propagation. The survival rate of oblique grafting propagation that is fast and reliable was higher than that of cut grafting propagation.[Conclusions] It is feasible to use the grafting propagation methods to propagate P. santalinus seedlings. This is a traditional and innovative technology path in the propagation of high-quality seedlings of precious Hongmu trees, and can be promoted and applied in industrial practice.
基金a research project(No.IFGTB/NFRP 168)of the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education,Dehra Dun.
文摘The objective of this research was to improve the growth and biomass of Pterocarpus santalinus L.f.(an endangered leguminous tree)using native microbial symbionts such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobium associated with native populations of P.santalinus.The native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi isolated from P.santalinus soils were identifi ed as(1)Glomus fasciculatum;(2)Glomus geosporum;and Glomus aggregatum.A nitrogenfi xing microbial symbiont was isolated from the root nodules of P.santalinus and identifi ed as Rhizobium aegyptiacum by 16s rRNA gene sequencing.These microbial symbionts were inoculated individually and in combination into P.santalinus seedling roots.After 90 days,growth and biomass had improved compared with uninoculated controls.Shoot and root lengths,number of leaves,stem circumference,number of root nodules,biomass,nutrient uptake and seedling quality index were signifi cantly increased by a combined inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi+Rhizobium aegyptiacum.It was concluded that native microbial symbionts positively infl uenced P.santalinus seedling growth which will be helpful for successful fi eld establishment.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31270674)Guangdong College Students’Science and Technology Innovation and Cultivation Project(pdjhb0541)
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to develop a rapid propagation method for red sandalwood ( Pterocarpus santalinus ) by tissue culture.[Methods] The well-grown red sandalwood seed embryos were inoculated into three kinds of culture media after aseptic treatment,and the aseptic explants were obtained and inoculated into six kinds of media for light culture.[Results] In the best disinfection schemes of red sandalwood,disinfecting with HgCl 2 for 8 min achieved the highest germination and survival rates;when the medium for inducing red sandalwood explants was MS+0.2 mg/L IBA,the induction rate reached a maximum value;and when the culture medium for inducing stem segments of aseptic red sandalwood plantlets was MS+3.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.3 mg/L IBA,the growth of the stem segments achieved the best effect.The optimal medium for inducing red sandalwood explants was MS+IBA 0.2 mg/L,and the optimal medium for inducing stem segments of red sandalwood was MS+3.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.3 mg/L IBA.[Conclusions] The results of this study have a large reproductive coefficient,simple process and low cost,which have outstanding value for promoting the breeding and promotion of red sandalwood seedlings.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31270674)the Platform Project for Key Research Platform Project for Innovative School of Zhaoqing University(CQ201607)
文摘Red sandalwood(Pterocarpus santalinus)is the most precious species of Pterocarpus,and the long maturity period of its heartwood is an important factor limiting its development.The 1-year-old plants of P.macarocarpus were chosen as the rootstocks to graft red sandalwood with single-bud scions of 1-year-old shoots in spring.The 5-month survival rate reached over 80%,and the grafted plants grew well.Moreover,the grafting significantly promoted the formation and development of the heartwood of red sandlawood.At 18^(th)month after grafting,compared with the seedling plants,the diameter of heartwood was increased by 82.8%and 29.6%,respectively,and the ratio of heartwood increased by 64.8%and 29.6%,respectively.The propagation technology had outstanding practical value and scientific significance,which has not been reported at home and abroad.
