The great Sanhe-Pinggu M8 earthquake occurred in 1679 was the largest surface rupture event recorded in history in the northern part of North China plain. This study determines the fault geometry of this earthquake by...The great Sanhe-Pinggu M8 earthquake occurred in 1679 was the largest surface rupture event recorded in history in the northern part of North China plain. This study determines the fault geometry of this earthquake by inverting seismological data of present-day moderate-small earthquakes in the focal area. We relocated those earthquakes with the double-difference method. Based on the assumption that clustered small earthquakes often occur in the vicinity of fault plane of large earthquake, and referring to the morphology of the long axis of the isoseismal line obtained by the predecessors, we selected a strip-shaped zone from the relocated earthquake catalog in the period from 1980 to 2009 to invert fault plane parameters of this earthquake. The inversion results are as follows： the strike is 38.23°, the dip angle is 82.54°, the slip angle is -156.08°, the fault length is about 80 km, the lower-boundary depth is about 23 km and the buried depth of upper boundary is about 3 kin. This shows that the seismogenic fault is a NNE-trending normal dip-slip fault, southeast wall downward and northwest wall uplift, with the right-lateral strike-slip component. Moreover, the surface rupture zone, intensity distribution of the earth-quake and seismic-wave velocity profile in the focal area all verified our study result.展开更多
Background： Bovine mastitis is the most common and costly disease of lactating cattle worldwide. Apart from milk somatic cell count（SCC） and somatic cell score（SCS）, serum cytokines such as interleukin-17（IL-17...Background： Bovine mastitis is the most common and costly disease of lactating cattle worldwide. Apart from milk somatic cell count（SCC） and somatic cell score（SCS）, serum cytokines such as interleukin-17（IL-17） and interleukin-4（IL-4） may also be potential indicators for bovine mastitis. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNPs） in bovine IL-17 F and IL-17 A genes on SCC, SCS and serum cytokines in Chinese Holstein and Inner-Mongolia Sanhe cattle, and to compare the m RNA expression variations of the cows with different genotypes.Results： A total of 464 lactating cows（337 Holstein and 127 Inner-Mongolia Sanhe cattle） were screened for SNPs identification and the data were analyzed using fixed effects of herd, parity, season and year of calving by general linear model procedure. The results revealed that SNP g.24392436 C ＆gt; T in IL-17 F and SNP g.24345410 A ＆gt; G in IL-17 A showed significant effects on SCC and IL-4 in Holstein（n = 337） and on IL-17 and IL-4 in Sanhe cattle（n = 127）. The homozygous GG genotype of SNP g.24345410 A ＆gt; G had significantly higher m RNA expression compared with the heterozygous AG genotype.Conclusions： The results indicate that IL-17 F and IL-17 A could be powerful candidate genes of mastitis resistance and the significant SNPs might be useful genetic markers against mastitis in both dairy and dual purpose cattle.展开更多
[ Objective] The aim was to analyze the ground and shallow ground temperature trend in Sanhe in recent 40 years. [ Method] According to the annual and seasonal average ground temperature in 2010, by dint of line chart...[ Objective] The aim was to analyze the ground and shallow ground temperature trend in Sanhe in recent 40 years. [ Method] According to the annual and seasonal average ground temperature in 2010, by dint of line charts and trend diagram, the ground temperature in Sanhe City in recent 40 years was discussed. [ Result] The annual ground temperature, annual ground highest and lowest temperature in Sanhe City in recent 40 years was increasing. The lowest temperature in annual and seasonal surface temperature increased at fastest speed. The annual changes of the 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm ground temperature was decreasing and the 20 cm ground temperature decreased most significantly. In spring, the 5 -15 cm ground temperature increased and the 20 cm reduced. In summer, the 20 cm temperature decreased significantly. In autumn, the 10 cm ground temperature enhanced fastest. In winter, the 10 cm and 15 cm temperature increase rate was large and the 15 cm temperature increased fastest. [ Conclusion] The study provided reference for the influence of global warming on the ground and shallow ground temperature.展开更多
Among the most important faunas in the Late Cenozoic, the Gigantopithecus faunas have received a good deal of attention. The Gigantopithecus fauna recently discovered in Sanhe Cave consists of more than 80 mammal spec...Among the most important faunas in the Late Cenozoic, the Gigantopithecus faunas have received a good deal of attention. The Gigantopithecus fauna recently discovered in Sanhe Cave consists of more than 80 mammal species, including cf. Hominidae, Pongo sp., Hylobates sp., Sinomastodon yangzien-sis, Stegodon preorientalis, Cervavitus fenqii, Dicoryphochoerus ultimus and Sus xiaozhu. It is the southernmost Gigantopithecus fauna found so far in China. Its geological age is estimated to be Early Pleistocene based on the fauna and stratigraphic correlation. The significant increase in the estimated body sizes of Ailuropoda, Gigantopithecus and Tapirus shows that the Sanhe fauna is middle Early Pleistocene, later than those from Wushan and Liucheng (early Early Pleistocene). Paleomagnetic dating of the fossil-bearing strata in Sanhe Cave gives an age of approximately 1.2 Ma. The fauna is characterized by tropical-subtropical forest types, including Pongo sp., Tupaia sp., Ia sp., Typhlomys intermedius, etc., and it lacks Palaearctic types. It is a typical tropical forest fauna, suggesting an en-vironment with a lush forest and a warm and humid climate. The discovery of the Sanhe Gigantopith-ecus fauna is significant for establishing the chronological stages of the Gigantopithecus faunas in China, and for discussing their origin, evolution and dynamics.展开更多
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91214201 and 41074072)Research Foundation of Science and Technology Plan Project in Hebei Province(12276903D)
文摘The great Sanhe-Pinggu M8 earthquake occurred in 1679 was the largest surface rupture event recorded in history in the northern part of North China plain. This study determines the fault geometry of this earthquake by inverting seismological data of present-day moderate-small earthquakes in the focal area. We relocated those earthquakes with the double-difference method. Based on the assumption that clustered small earthquakes often occur in the vicinity of fault plane of large earthquake, and referring to the morphology of the long axis of the isoseismal line obtained by the predecessors, we selected a strip-shaped zone from the relocated earthquake catalog in the period from 1980 to 2009 to invert fault plane parameters of this earthquake. The inversion results are as follows： the strike is 38.23°, the dip angle is 82.54°, the slip angle is -156.08°, the fault length is about 80 km, the lower-boundary depth is about 23 km and the buried depth of upper boundary is about 3 kin. This shows that the seismogenic fault is a NNE-trending normal dip-slip fault, southeast wall downward and northwest wall uplift, with the right-lateral strike-slip component. Moreover, the surface rupture zone, intensity distribution of the earth-quake and seismic-wave velocity profile in the focal area all verified our study result.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31272420)the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(CARS-37)+2 种基金the Fund for Basic Research from the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China(2011JS006)the National Key Technologies R&D Program(2011BAD28B02)the Program for Changjiang Scholar and Innovation Research Team in University(IRT1191)
文摘Background： Bovine mastitis is the most common and costly disease of lactating cattle worldwide. Apart from milk somatic cell count（SCC） and somatic cell score（SCS）, serum cytokines such as interleukin-17（IL-17） and interleukin-4（IL-4） may also be potential indicators for bovine mastitis. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNPs） in bovine IL-17 F and IL-17 A genes on SCC, SCS and serum cytokines in Chinese Holstein and Inner-Mongolia Sanhe cattle, and to compare the m RNA expression variations of the cows with different genotypes.Results： A total of 464 lactating cows（337 Holstein and 127 Inner-Mongolia Sanhe cattle） were screened for SNPs identification and the data were analyzed using fixed effects of herd, parity, season and year of calving by general linear model procedure. The results revealed that SNP g.24392436 C ＆gt; T in IL-17 F and SNP g.24345410 A ＆gt; G in IL-17 A showed significant effects on SCC and IL-4 in Holstein（n = 337） and on IL-17 and IL-4 in Sanhe cattle（n = 127）. The homozygous GG genotype of SNP g.24345410 A ＆gt; G had significantly higher m RNA expression compared with the heterozygous AG genotype.Conclusions： The results indicate that IL-17 F and IL-17 A could be powerful candidate genes of mastitis resistance and the significant SNPs might be useful genetic markers against mastitis in both dairy and dual purpose cattle.
文摘[ Objective] The aim was to analyze the ground and shallow ground temperature trend in Sanhe in recent 40 years. [ Method] According to the annual and seasonal average ground temperature in 2010, by dint of line charts and trend diagram, the ground temperature in Sanhe City in recent 40 years was discussed. [ Result] The annual ground temperature, annual ground highest and lowest temperature in Sanhe City in recent 40 years was increasing. The lowest temperature in annual and seasonal surface temperature increased at fastest speed. The annual changes of the 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm ground temperature was decreasing and the 20 cm ground temperature decreased most significantly. In spring, the 5 -15 cm ground temperature increased and the 20 cm reduced. In summer, the 20 cm temperature decreased significantly. In autumn, the 10 cm ground temperature enhanced fastest. In winter, the 10 cm and 15 cm temperature increase rate was large and the 15 cm temperature increased fastest. [ Conclusion] The study provided reference for the influence of global warming on the ground and shallow ground temperature.
基金Supported by Key Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sci-ences (KZCX2-YW-106)National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB806400)
文摘Among the most important faunas in the Late Cenozoic, the Gigantopithecus faunas have received a good deal of attention. The Gigantopithecus fauna recently discovered in Sanhe Cave consists of more than 80 mammal species, including cf. Hominidae, Pongo sp., Hylobates sp., Sinomastodon yangzien-sis, Stegodon preorientalis, Cervavitus fenqii, Dicoryphochoerus ultimus and Sus xiaozhu. It is the southernmost Gigantopithecus fauna found so far in China. Its geological age is estimated to be Early Pleistocene based on the fauna and stratigraphic correlation. The significant increase in the estimated body sizes of Ailuropoda, Gigantopithecus and Tapirus shows that the Sanhe fauna is middle Early Pleistocene, later than those from Wushan and Liucheng (early Early Pleistocene). Paleomagnetic dating of the fossil-bearing strata in Sanhe Cave gives an age of approximately 1.2 Ma. The fauna is characterized by tropical-subtropical forest types, including Pongo sp., Tupaia sp., Ia sp., Typhlomys intermedius, etc., and it lacks Palaearctic types. It is a typical tropical forest fauna, suggesting an en-vironment with a lush forest and a warm and humid climate. The discovery of the Sanhe Gigantopith-ecus fauna is significant for establishing the chronological stages of the Gigantopithecus faunas in China, and for discussing their origin, evolution and dynamics.
