BACKGROUND Understanding a patient's clinical status and setting priorities for their care are two aspects of the constantly changing process of clinical decision-making.One analytical technique that can be helpfu...BACKGROUND Understanding a patient's clinical status and setting priorities for their care are two aspects of the constantly changing process of clinical decision-making.One analytical technique that can be helpful in uncertain situations is clinical judgment.Clinicians must deal with contradictory information,lack of time to make decisions,and long-term factors when emergencies occur.AIM To examine the ethical issues healthcare professionals faced during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic and the factors affecting clinical decision-making.METHODS This pilot study,which means it was a preliminary investigation to gather information and test the feasibility of a larger investigation was conducted over 6 months and we invited responses from clinicians worldwide who managed patients with COVID-19.The survey focused on topics related to their professional roles and personal relationships.We examined five core areas influencing critical care decision-making:Patients'personal factors,family-related factors,informed consent,communication and media,and hospital administrative policies on clinical decision-making.The collected data were analyzed using the χ^(2) test for categorical variables.RESULTS A total of 102 clinicians from 23 specialties and 17 countries responded to the survey.Age was a significant factor in treatment planning(n=88)and ventilator access(n=78).Sex had no bearing on how decisions were made.Most doctors reported maintaining patient confidentiality regarding privacy and informed consent.Approximately 50%of clinicians reported a moderate influence of clinical work,with many citing it as one of the most important factors affecting their health and relationships.Clinicians from developing countries had a significantly higher score for considering a patient's financial status when creating a treatment plan than their counterparts from developed countries.Regarding personal experiences,some respondents noted that treatment plans and preferences changed from wave to wave,and that there was a rapid turnover of studies and evidence.Hospital and government policies also played a role in critical decision-making.Rather than assessing the appropriateness of treatment,some doctors observed that hospital policies regarding medications were driven by patient demand.CONCLUSION Factors other than medical considerations frequently affect management choices.The disparity in treatment choices,became more apparent during the pandemic.We highlight the difficulties and contradictions between moral standards and the realities physicians encountered during this medical emergency.False information,large patient populations,and limited resources caused problems for clinicians.These factors impacted decision-making,which,in turn,affected patient care and healthcare staff well-being.展开更多
Pharmacy clinics,staffed by clinical pharmacists who interact directly with patients,encompass services such as medication reconciliation,education,follow-up visits,and lifestyle guidance.Their primary goal is to enha...Pharmacy clinics,staffed by clinical pharmacists who interact directly with patients,encompass services such as medication reconciliation,education,follow-up visits,and lifestyle guidance.Their primary goal is to enhance patients’quality of life.Numerous studies,both domestic and international,have highlighted the benefits of pharmacy clinics in optimizing drug therapy quality and reducing treatment costs,particularly for long-term medication management in organ transplant recipients and similar patient groups.Despite these benefits,pharmacy clinics are still in the early stages of development in China.There remains a lack of clarity regarding the specific development and service content of pharmacy clinics tailored for transplant patients.Therefore,this study aimed to assess the current status of pharmacy clinic development for transplant patients in China and provide insights to hospitals for advancing and strengthening transplant pharmacy clinic initiatives.展开更多
The Stellar Abundances and Galactic Evolution Survey(SAGES)is a multi-band survey that covers the northern sky area of~12,000 deg2.The Nanshan One-meter Wide-field Telescope(NOWT)of the Xinjiang Astronomical Observato...The Stellar Abundances and Galactic Evolution Survey(SAGES)is a multi-band survey that covers the northern sky area of~12,000 deg2.The Nanshan One-meter Wide-field Telescope(NOWT)of the Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory carried out observations on g/r/i bands.Here,we present the survey strategy,data processing,catalog construction,and database schema.The observations of NOWT started in 2016 August and were completed in2018 January,a total of 17,827 frames were obtained and~4600 deg2 sky areas were covered.In this paper,we release the catalog of the data in the g/r/i bands observed by NOWT.In total,there are 109,197,578 items of source records.The catalog is the supplement for the SDSS for the bright end,and the combination of our catalog and these catalogs could be helpful for source selections for other surveys and Milky Way sciences,e.g.,white dwarf candidates and stellar flares.展开更多
[Objective]Mental health is the essence of physical health,human beings pay more and more attention to the study of mental health recovery and after many studies,it is clear that the restorative environment has an imp...[Objective]Mental health is the essence of physical health,human beings pay more and more attention to the study of mental health recovery and after many studies,it is clear that the restorative environment has an important and positive significance for their mental recovery,and species as an important part of the environment since the natural environment has been used as an essential part of the research environment,based on the conditions of such a social reality,this paper analyzed the articles on species surveys in the last 30 years,used the data to reflect the importance of species survey,and the research hotspot of restorative environment.[Methods]The study analyzed the data in articles about species survey in CNKI database from 1994 to 2024 through Citespace visualization,and analyzed the data through the number of articles issued between years,keyword co-occurrence and other aspects,so as to give data support for the research of restorative environment.[Results]In the past 30 years,the number of articles published on species survey has increased year by year,and species survey is at the forefront of research hotspots.Clustering and timeline analysis results of insects,birds,diversity has become more important.[Conclusions]From the 621 articles,the following aspects could be concluded:(1)The importance of restorative environments research and the vast exchanges among scholars have been reflected and more research hotspots have been explored in this field;(2)For the research direction of restorative environments and this paper,the research hotspots were in line with the in-depth exploration of species diversity,which was not only in the field of species,but also in the field of health and the environment,and there were also investigations of the links;(3)The interdependence between species diversity and restorative environments was high,further research on restorative environments largely depended on the study of species surveys.展开更多
Confirming tornado occurrence and estimating tornado intensity are quite challenging,especially for long-track tornadoes and tornado outbreaks,because of the inefficiency or absence of on-site damage surveys,especiall...Confirming tornado occurrence and estimating tornado intensity are quite challenging,especially for long-track tornadoes and tornado outbreaks,because of the inefficiency or absence of on-site damage surveys,especially in sparsely populated regions,which brings about large uncertainties in the tornado record.Some potential methods to alleviate this uncertainty in tornado records have been introduced,such as reports from tornado enthusiasts,trawling of social media sites,and spaceborne photography,which have been shown to be efficient in collecting damage information and depicting the damage swath and ascertaining tornado records.Unmanned aerial vehicles may help in effectively rating tornado intensities.Since 2021,some of these methods have been being tested or are under operation at the China Meteorological Administration Tornado Key Laboratory and the Foshan Tornado Research Center,and have proved to be effective.They have great potential in advancing tornado or downburst damage surveys nationally or worldwide,as well as assessing tornado climatologies,especially in sparsely populated regions such as Northeast China.展开更多
This paper is a statistical survey of Southern Hemisphere cold and hot polar cap patches,in relation to the interplanetary magnetic field(IMF)and ionospheric convection geometry.A total of 11,946 patch events were ide...This paper is a statistical survey of Southern Hemisphere cold and hot polar cap patches,in relation to the interplanetary magnetic field(IMF)and ionospheric convection geometry.A total of 11,946 patch events were identified by Defense Meteorological Satellite Program(DMSP)F16 during the years 2011 to 2022.A temperature ratio of ion/electron temperature(T_(i)/T_(e))<0.68 is recommended to define a hot patch in the Southern Hemisphere,otherwise it is defined as a cold patch.The cold and hot patches have different dependencies on IMF clock angle,while their dependencies on IMF cone angle are similar.Both cold and hot patches appear most often on the duskside,and the distribution of cold patches gradually decreases from the dayside to the nightside,while hot patches have a higher occurrence rate near 14 and 21 magnetic local time(MLT).Moreover,we compared the key plasma characteristics of polar cap cold and hot patches in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres.The intensity of the duskside upward field-aligned current of patches in the Southern Hemisphere(SH)is stronger than that in the Northern Hemisphere(SH),which may be due to the discrepancy in conductivities between the two hemispheres,caused by the tilted dipole.In both hemispheres,the downward soft-electron energy flux of the dawnside patches is significantly greater than that of the duskside patches.展开更多
BACKGROUND Complications arising from the polyps in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome(PJS)have historically been addressed through surgical treatment.Enteroscopic poly-pectomy is hypothesized to reduce the risk of surgery in PJS...BACKGROUND Complications arising from the polyps in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome(PJS)have historically been addressed through surgical treatment.Enteroscopic poly-pectomy is hypothesized to reduce the risk of surgery in PJS.However,the optimal timing for polyp screening and preventive intervention using entero-scopic polypectomy remains uncertain.This is primarily due to the extremely low incidence of the condition and the paucity of data regarding the natural risk of requiring surgery and its age distribution in PJS patients.In order to develop recommendations on the appropriate timing of polyp screening and preventive intervention in PJS,a comprehensive understanding of the natural surgical risks AIM To investigate the natural surgical risks associated with polyps in PJS and to clarify their age distribution.METHODS A web-based open survey was launched to collect information from Chinese individuals suspected of having PJS.The questionnaire was distributed to the PJS instant messaging groups using a quick response code method.The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods,and the cumulative incidence of surgery was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.RESULTS Of the 442 patients enrolled,301(68.10%)had undergone 506 surgical procedures prior to enteroscopy or the survey deadline.Among the 506 surgical procedures,388(76.68%)were performed on patients aged between 6 and 25 years.The cumulative incidence rates of the first surgical procedure at 5,10,15,20,25,and 30 years of age were 5.0%(95%confidence interval[CI]:2.9%-7.0%),20.6%(95%CI:16.6%-24.4%),40.5%(95%CI:35.5%-45.1%),58.0%(95%CI:52.7%-62.7%),72.6%(95%CI:67.3%-77.0%),and 82.4%(95%CI:77.0%-86.5%),respectively.The primary indications for the first surgical procedures were intussusception(81.40%),obstruction(13.95%),and gas-trointestinal bleeding(4.65%).The cumulative incidence rates of requiring a second surgical procedure within 1,3,5,10 and 15 years following the first surgical procedure were 3.7%(95%CI:1.5%-5.8%),12.5%(95%CI:8.6%-16.2%),20.3%(95%CI:15.6%-24.8%),37.0%(95%CI:33.1%-45.3%),54.2%(95%CI:46.8%-60.5%),respectively.Patients who underwent their first surgical procedure at the age of nine years or younger presented an elevated risk of requiring a second surgical procedure(P<0.01).CONCLUSION Chinese patients with PJS have a high natural risk of undergoing surgery.Without preventive intervention,these procedures may become necessary at an early age and may be repeated.Early screening and regular surveillance,with preventive intervention if necessary,should commence at six years of age.展开更多
BACKGROUND Second-line treatment of Crohn’s disease(CD)commonly involves immunosuppressants such as azathioprine,mercaptopurine,or methotrexate(MTX),used either alone or in combination.AIM To investigate the current ...BACKGROUND Second-line treatment of Crohn’s disease(CD)commonly involves immunosuppressants such as azathioprine,mercaptopurine,or methotrexate(MTX),used either alone or in combination.AIM To investigate the current use of MTX among French gastroenterologists.METHODS An online questionnaire was distributed between March and August 2023 to 116 French gastroenterologists managing CD.A total of 87 respondents completed the survey and were included in the analysis.RESULTS Respondents reported a mean annual caseload of 140 CD patients(median:50).Overall,71%prescribed MTX,predominantly in injectable form(92%),either as monotherapy or in combination with biologics or cyclosporin.MTX was prescribed for mild-to-moderate CD by 64%of respondents,and for severe CD by 58%,often in combination with an anti-tumor necrosis factor agent(89%and 94%,respectively).Injectable MTX was favored(84%)in specific clinical scenarios:Patients with articular manifestations(77%),Epstein-Barr virus-negative status(65%),or aged over 65 years(58%).Among the 29%of non-prescribers,the primary reason cited was lack of familiarity with MTX use(60%).Both prescribers and non-prescribers expressed the need for clearer guidelines and real-world data to support MTX use.CONCLUSION Regardless of prescribing habits,most respondents had a favorable opinion of MTX and recognized its good longterm safety profile.French learned societies and medical associations should provide consensus guidelines on MTX use,supported by validated real-world safety and effectiveness data.展开更多
With the advancement of agricultural modernization, agricultural machinery service organizations, as an important part of the rural operating entities, show an increasing trend year by year, and need new facilities la...With the advancement of agricultural modernization, agricultural machinery service organizations, as an important part of the rural operating entities, show an increasing trend year by year, and need new facilities land in the process of development and growth. Based on the written survey of 597 agricultural machinery service organizations in Guizhou Province, the demand and demand gap of various facilities land use in agricultural machinery service organizations were analyzed and compared. In addition, based on the field survey and policy background, the main practices and experiences of agricultural machinery service organizations in Guizhou Province in the approval and use of facility land were sorted out, and the problems and causes of large gap in facility agricultural land, lack of standards and difficulty in policy implementation were analyzed. Finally, it recommended that the site selection of agricultural machinery service organization facilities needs to be standardized, the land demand needs to be coordinated, the land scale needs to be scientifically demonstrated, and financial support should be sought to promote Guizhou agricultural machinery service organization to become bigger, better and stronger.展开更多
Radiation detectors, such as survey meters, are essential for ensuring radiation safety in various sectors, including healthcare, industrial processing, emergency response, etc. However, regular calibration and proper...Radiation detectors, such as survey meters, are essential for ensuring radiation safety in various sectors, including healthcare, industrial processing, emergency response, etc. However, regular calibration and proper maintenance of survey meters are important in order to ascertain their accuracy and reliability. This study provides a comprehensive retrospective assessment of the calibration behaviour, durability, and fault trends of 160 survey meters, spanning ten different models. They were calibrated at the Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL) in Nigeria over a decade (2012-2023) using an X-Ray Beam Irradiator Model X80-225K and Cs-137 irradiator (OB6) with a PTW reference spherical chamber traceable to the IAEA SSDL in Seibersdorf, Austria. The calibration stability of each model was evaluated, revealing that models like Instrument A and Instrument B demonstrated high reliability with calibration factors close to the ideal value of 1, while models like Instrument C exhibited higher variability, suggesting less consistent performance for dose rate monitoring. Fault analysis showed that the most common issues were related to the battery compartment, indicating a need for improved handling practices. Correlation analysis reveals no statistically significant correlation between calibration factor and age of survey meter across the analysed models. The study concludes that regular calibration, proper handling, and user training are crucial for maintaining the accuracy and longevity of radiation detectors.展开更多
AIM:To develop a nomogram to predict the risk of visual impairment(VI)in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).METHODS:Totally 897 patients with CKD were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination...AIM:To develop a nomogram to predict the risk of visual impairment(VI)in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).METHODS:Totally 897 patients with CKD were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES).The training and validation sets were divided in a 7:3 ratio.Multivariate logistic regression and bidirectional stepwise regression was used to select the factor of developing nomogram.The performance of the nomogram was evaluated by receiver operator characteristic curve,calibration curve and decision curve analysis(DCA).RESULTS:Age,diastolic blood pressure,glucose,serum creatinine,income at or above poverty,and history of smoking were included in the nomogram.And the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the training and validation sets were 0.684 and 0.640,respectively.The fit of the model was demonstrated the calibration curve,and DCA showed the value of clinical application.CONCLUSION:The nomogram may help to screening the probability of VI in patients with CKD.Larger samples are needed to validate and improve the model to increase its efficacy.展开更多
As part of the LAMOST medium-resolution spectroscopic survey,the LAMOST-MRS-O is a non-time domain survey that aims to perform medium-resolution spectral observations for member stars in the open cluster areas.This su...As part of the LAMOST medium-resolution spectroscopic survey,the LAMOST-MRS-O is a non-time domain survey that aims to perform medium-resolution spectral observations for member stars in the open cluster areas.This survey plans to obtain the spectroscopic parameters such as radial velocity and metal abundances of member stars and provide data support for further study on the chemical and dynamical characteristics and evolution of open clusters in combination with Gaia data.We have completed the observations on ten open cluster fields and obtained 235184 medium-resolution spectra of 133792 stars.Based on the data analyzed of LAMOST DR11v1.1,for some clusters of particular concern,it is found that the sampling ratio of members stars with Gmag<15 mag can reach 70%,which indicates that the LAMOST-MRS-O has reached our initial design goal.展开更多
AIM:To investigate whether blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio(BAR)influences the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy(DR)in diabetic patients.METHODS:The diabetic individuals were extracted from the N...AIM:To investigate whether blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio(BAR)influences the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy(DR)in diabetic patients.METHODS:The diabetic individuals were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)database spanning 1999 to 2018.The BAR was calculated as the ratio of blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin.To evaluate the association between BAR levels and DR,a generalized additive model and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed.Additionally,subgroup analyses were conducted to determine whether other factors modified this association.RESULTS:The number of eligible individuals in the current research endeavor equaled 5798.The resulting data were indicative of the existence of a nearly linearly positive relationship between BAR levels and DR.Following confounding variable adjustment(age,gender,marital status,red blood cell,hemoglobin,lactate dehydrogenase,uric acid,creatinine,gender,red cell distribution width,highdensity lipoprotein,glucose,sodium,glycated hemoglobin,hypertension,and total cholesterol),the multivariate investigation implied that an elevated DR risk correlated with elevated levels of BAR(OR:1.46,95%CI:1.20-1.79).This relationship was noted to be reliable and stable across diverse analyses,following the conduction of sensitivity analysis(P for trend:0.0002).Subgroup analysis showed no statistically significant interactions between BAR and most other risk factors for DR.CONCLUSION:The study provides evidence of a positive association between elevated BAR levels and an increased risk of DR in diabetic individuals.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Understanding a patient's clinical status and setting priorities for their care are two aspects of the constantly changing process of clinical decision-making.One analytical technique that can be helpful in uncertain situations is clinical judgment.Clinicians must deal with contradictory information,lack of time to make decisions,and long-term factors when emergencies occur.AIM To examine the ethical issues healthcare professionals faced during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic and the factors affecting clinical decision-making.METHODS This pilot study,which means it was a preliminary investigation to gather information and test the feasibility of a larger investigation was conducted over 6 months and we invited responses from clinicians worldwide who managed patients with COVID-19.The survey focused on topics related to their professional roles and personal relationships.We examined five core areas influencing critical care decision-making:Patients'personal factors,family-related factors,informed consent,communication and media,and hospital administrative policies on clinical decision-making.The collected data were analyzed using the χ^(2) test for categorical variables.RESULTS A total of 102 clinicians from 23 specialties and 17 countries responded to the survey.Age was a significant factor in treatment planning(n=88)and ventilator access(n=78).Sex had no bearing on how decisions were made.Most doctors reported maintaining patient confidentiality regarding privacy and informed consent.Approximately 50%of clinicians reported a moderate influence of clinical work,with many citing it as one of the most important factors affecting their health and relationships.Clinicians from developing countries had a significantly higher score for considering a patient's financial status when creating a treatment plan than their counterparts from developed countries.Regarding personal experiences,some respondents noted that treatment plans and preferences changed from wave to wave,and that there was a rapid turnover of studies and evidence.Hospital and government policies also played a role in critical decision-making.Rather than assessing the appropriateness of treatment,some doctors observed that hospital policies regarding medications were driven by patient demand.CONCLUSION Factors other than medical considerations frequently affect management choices.The disparity in treatment choices,became more apparent during the pandemic.We highlight the difficulties and contradictions between moral standards and the realities physicians encountered during this medical emergency.False information,large patient populations,and limited resources caused problems for clinicians.These factors impacted decision-making,which,in turn,affected patient care and healthcare staff well-being.
文摘Pharmacy clinics,staffed by clinical pharmacists who interact directly with patients,encompass services such as medication reconciliation,education,follow-up visits,and lifestyle guidance.Their primary goal is to enhance patients’quality of life.Numerous studies,both domestic and international,have highlighted the benefits of pharmacy clinics in optimizing drug therapy quality and reducing treatment costs,particularly for long-term medication management in organ transplant recipients and similar patient groups.Despite these benefits,pharmacy clinics are still in the early stages of development in China.There remains a lack of clarity regarding the specific development and service content of pharmacy clinics tailored for transplant patients.Therefore,this study aimed to assess the current status of pharmacy clinic development for transplant patients in China and provide insights to hospitals for advancing and strengthening transplant pharmacy clinic initiatives.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under grant Nos.12261141689,12090044,and 12090040sponsored by the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region“Tianchi Talent”Introduction Plan。
文摘The Stellar Abundances and Galactic Evolution Survey(SAGES)is a multi-band survey that covers the northern sky area of~12,000 deg2.The Nanshan One-meter Wide-field Telescope(NOWT)of the Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory carried out observations on g/r/i bands.Here,we present the survey strategy,data processing,catalog construction,and database schema.The observations of NOWT started in 2016 August and were completed in2018 January,a total of 17,827 frames were obtained and~4600 deg2 sky areas were covered.In this paper,we release the catalog of the data in the g/r/i bands observed by NOWT.In total,there are 109,197,578 items of source records.The catalog is the supplement for the SDSS for the bright end,and the combination of our catalog and these catalogs could be helpful for source selections for other surveys and Milky Way sciences,e.g.,white dwarf candidates and stellar flares.
基金Sponsored by The 2024 Inter-university Cooperation Project for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training of College Students in Beijing Universities(202498025)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(52278045).
文摘[Objective]Mental health is the essence of physical health,human beings pay more and more attention to the study of mental health recovery and after many studies,it is clear that the restorative environment has an important and positive significance for their mental recovery,and species as an important part of the environment since the natural environment has been used as an essential part of the research environment,based on the conditions of such a social reality,this paper analyzed the articles on species surveys in the last 30 years,used the data to reflect the importance of species survey,and the research hotspot of restorative environment.[Methods]The study analyzed the data in articles about species survey in CNKI database from 1994 to 2024 through Citespace visualization,and analyzed the data through the number of articles issued between years,keyword co-occurrence and other aspects,so as to give data support for the research of restorative environment.[Results]In the past 30 years,the number of articles published on species survey has increased year by year,and species survey is at the forefront of research hotspots.Clustering and timeline analysis results of insects,birds,diversity has become more important.[Conclusions]From the 621 articles,the following aspects could be concluded:(1)The importance of restorative environments research and the vast exchanges among scholars have been reflected and more research hotspots have been explored in this field;(2)For the research direction of restorative environments and this paper,the research hotspots were in line with the in-depth exploration of species diversity,which was not only in the field of species,but also in the field of health and the environment,and there were also investigations of the links;(3)The interdependence between species diversity and restorative environments was high,further research on restorative environments largely depended on the study of species surveys.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42275006 and 42030604)the Science and Technology Research Project in Social Field of Foshan(Grant No.2120001008761)。
文摘Confirming tornado occurrence and estimating tornado intensity are quite challenging,especially for long-track tornadoes and tornado outbreaks,because of the inefficiency or absence of on-site damage surveys,especially in sparsely populated regions,which brings about large uncertainties in the tornado record.Some potential methods to alleviate this uncertainty in tornado records have been introduced,such as reports from tornado enthusiasts,trawling of social media sites,and spaceborne photography,which have been shown to be efficient in collecting damage information and depicting the damage swath and ascertaining tornado records.Unmanned aerial vehicles may help in effectively rating tornado intensities.Since 2021,some of these methods have been being tested or are under operation at the China Meteorological Administration Tornado Key Laboratory and the Foshan Tornado Research Center,and have proved to be effective.They have great potential in advancing tornado or downburst damage surveys nationally or worldwide,as well as assessing tornado climatologies,especially in sparsely populated regions such as Northeast China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 42325404,42120104003,42204164,42474219 and U22A2006)the Chinese Meridian Project,the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant 183311KYSB20200003)+7 种基金Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grants ZR2022QD077,ZR2022MD034)the Stable-Support Scientific Project of China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation(Grant A132312191)the foundation of the National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment(Grant 6142403180204)the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(Grants cstc2021ycjh-bgzxm0072,CSTB2023NSCQ-LZX0082)National Program on Key Basic Research Project(Grant 2022173-SD-1)The work in Norway is supported by the Research Council of Norway Grant 326039Work at UCLA has been supported by NSF grant AGS-2055192This research was supported by the International Space Science Institute(ISSI)in Bern and Beijing,through ISSI International Team project#511(Multi-Scale Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere Interaction).
文摘This paper is a statistical survey of Southern Hemisphere cold and hot polar cap patches,in relation to the interplanetary magnetic field(IMF)and ionospheric convection geometry.A total of 11,946 patch events were identified by Defense Meteorological Satellite Program(DMSP)F16 during the years 2011 to 2022.A temperature ratio of ion/electron temperature(T_(i)/T_(e))<0.68 is recommended to define a hot patch in the Southern Hemisphere,otherwise it is defined as a cold patch.The cold and hot patches have different dependencies on IMF clock angle,while their dependencies on IMF cone angle are similar.Both cold and hot patches appear most often on the duskside,and the distribution of cold patches gradually decreases from the dayside to the nightside,while hot patches have a higher occurrence rate near 14 and 21 magnetic local time(MLT).Moreover,we compared the key plasma characteristics of polar cap cold and hot patches in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres.The intensity of the duskside upward field-aligned current of patches in the Southern Hemisphere(SH)is stronger than that in the Northern Hemisphere(SH),which may be due to the discrepancy in conductivities between the two hemispheres,caused by the tilted dipole.In both hemispheres,the downward soft-electron energy flux of the dawnside patches is significantly greater than that of the duskside patches.
文摘BACKGROUND Complications arising from the polyps in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome(PJS)have historically been addressed through surgical treatment.Enteroscopic poly-pectomy is hypothesized to reduce the risk of surgery in PJS.However,the optimal timing for polyp screening and preventive intervention using entero-scopic polypectomy remains uncertain.This is primarily due to the extremely low incidence of the condition and the paucity of data regarding the natural risk of requiring surgery and its age distribution in PJS patients.In order to develop recommendations on the appropriate timing of polyp screening and preventive intervention in PJS,a comprehensive understanding of the natural surgical risks AIM To investigate the natural surgical risks associated with polyps in PJS and to clarify their age distribution.METHODS A web-based open survey was launched to collect information from Chinese individuals suspected of having PJS.The questionnaire was distributed to the PJS instant messaging groups using a quick response code method.The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods,and the cumulative incidence of surgery was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.RESULTS Of the 442 patients enrolled,301(68.10%)had undergone 506 surgical procedures prior to enteroscopy or the survey deadline.Among the 506 surgical procedures,388(76.68%)were performed on patients aged between 6 and 25 years.The cumulative incidence rates of the first surgical procedure at 5,10,15,20,25,and 30 years of age were 5.0%(95%confidence interval[CI]:2.9%-7.0%),20.6%(95%CI:16.6%-24.4%),40.5%(95%CI:35.5%-45.1%),58.0%(95%CI:52.7%-62.7%),72.6%(95%CI:67.3%-77.0%),and 82.4%(95%CI:77.0%-86.5%),respectively.The primary indications for the first surgical procedures were intussusception(81.40%),obstruction(13.95%),and gas-trointestinal bleeding(4.65%).The cumulative incidence rates of requiring a second surgical procedure within 1,3,5,10 and 15 years following the first surgical procedure were 3.7%(95%CI:1.5%-5.8%),12.5%(95%CI:8.6%-16.2%),20.3%(95%CI:15.6%-24.8%),37.0%(95%CI:33.1%-45.3%),54.2%(95%CI:46.8%-60.5%),respectively.Patients who underwent their first surgical procedure at the age of nine years or younger presented an elevated risk of requiring a second surgical procedure(P<0.01).CONCLUSION Chinese patients with PJS have a high natural risk of undergoing surgery.Without preventive intervention,these procedures may become necessary at an early age and may be repeated.Early screening and regular surveillance,with preventive intervention if necessary,should commence at six years of age.
文摘BACKGROUND Second-line treatment of Crohn’s disease(CD)commonly involves immunosuppressants such as azathioprine,mercaptopurine,or methotrexate(MTX),used either alone or in combination.AIM To investigate the current use of MTX among French gastroenterologists.METHODS An online questionnaire was distributed between March and August 2023 to 116 French gastroenterologists managing CD.A total of 87 respondents completed the survey and were included in the analysis.RESULTS Respondents reported a mean annual caseload of 140 CD patients(median:50).Overall,71%prescribed MTX,predominantly in injectable form(92%),either as monotherapy or in combination with biologics or cyclosporin.MTX was prescribed for mild-to-moderate CD by 64%of respondents,and for severe CD by 58%,often in combination with an anti-tumor necrosis factor agent(89%and 94%,respectively).Injectable MTX was favored(84%)in specific clinical scenarios:Patients with articular manifestations(77%),Epstein-Barr virus-negative status(65%),or aged over 65 years(58%).Among the 29%of non-prescribers,the primary reason cited was lack of familiarity with MTX use(60%).Both prescribers and non-prescribers expressed the need for clearer guidelines and real-world data to support MTX use.CONCLUSION Regardless of prescribing habits,most respondents had a favorable opinion of MTX and recognized its good longterm safety profile.French learned societies and medical associations should provide consensus guidelines on MTX use,supported by validated real-world safety and effectiveness data.
文摘With the advancement of agricultural modernization, agricultural machinery service organizations, as an important part of the rural operating entities, show an increasing trend year by year, and need new facilities land in the process of development and growth. Based on the written survey of 597 agricultural machinery service organizations in Guizhou Province, the demand and demand gap of various facilities land use in agricultural machinery service organizations were analyzed and compared. In addition, based on the field survey and policy background, the main practices and experiences of agricultural machinery service organizations in Guizhou Province in the approval and use of facility land were sorted out, and the problems and causes of large gap in facility agricultural land, lack of standards and difficulty in policy implementation were analyzed. Finally, it recommended that the site selection of agricultural machinery service organization facilities needs to be standardized, the land demand needs to be coordinated, the land scale needs to be scientifically demonstrated, and financial support should be sought to promote Guizhou agricultural machinery service organization to become bigger, better and stronger.
文摘Radiation detectors, such as survey meters, are essential for ensuring radiation safety in various sectors, including healthcare, industrial processing, emergency response, etc. However, regular calibration and proper maintenance of survey meters are important in order to ascertain their accuracy and reliability. This study provides a comprehensive retrospective assessment of the calibration behaviour, durability, and fault trends of 160 survey meters, spanning ten different models. They were calibrated at the Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL) in Nigeria over a decade (2012-2023) using an X-Ray Beam Irradiator Model X80-225K and Cs-137 irradiator (OB6) with a PTW reference spherical chamber traceable to the IAEA SSDL in Seibersdorf, Austria. The calibration stability of each model was evaluated, revealing that models like Instrument A and Instrument B demonstrated high reliability with calibration factors close to the ideal value of 1, while models like Instrument C exhibited higher variability, suggesting less consistent performance for dose rate monitoring. Fault analysis showed that the most common issues were related to the battery compartment, indicating a need for improved handling practices. Correlation analysis reveals no statistically significant correlation between calibration factor and age of survey meter across the analysed models. The study concludes that regular calibration, proper handling, and user training are crucial for maintaining the accuracy and longevity of radiation detectors.
基金Supported by Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(No.2022BCA011).
文摘AIM:To develop a nomogram to predict the risk of visual impairment(VI)in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).METHODS:Totally 897 patients with CKD were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES).The training and validation sets were divided in a 7:3 ratio.Multivariate logistic regression and bidirectional stepwise regression was used to select the factor of developing nomogram.The performance of the nomogram was evaluated by receiver operator characteristic curve,calibration curve and decision curve analysis(DCA).RESULTS:Age,diastolic blood pressure,glucose,serum creatinine,income at or above poverty,and history of smoking were included in the nomogram.And the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the training and validation sets were 0.684 and 0.640,respectively.The fit of the model was demonstrated the calibration curve,and DCA showed the value of clinical application.CONCLUSION:The nomogram may help to screening the probability of VI in patients with CKD.Larger samples are needed to validate and improve the model to increase its efficacy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)through grants 12090040,12090042,and 12073060the National Key R&D Program of China No.2019YFA0405501+2 种基金J.Z.acknowledges the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CASthe Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(grant No.22dz1202400)the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader。
文摘As part of the LAMOST medium-resolution spectroscopic survey,the LAMOST-MRS-O is a non-time domain survey that aims to perform medium-resolution spectral observations for member stars in the open cluster areas.This survey plans to obtain the spectroscopic parameters such as radial velocity and metal abundances of member stars and provide data support for further study on the chemical and dynamical characteristics and evolution of open clusters in combination with Gaia data.We have completed the observations on ten open cluster fields and obtained 235184 medium-resolution spectra of 133792 stars.Based on the data analyzed of LAMOST DR11v1.1,for some clusters of particular concern,it is found that the sampling ratio of members stars with Gmag<15 mag can reach 70%,which indicates that the LAMOST-MRS-O has reached our initial design goal.
基金Supported by the Wenzhou Municipal Basic Scientific Research Project(No.Y20220789).
文摘AIM:To investigate whether blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio(BAR)influences the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy(DR)in diabetic patients.METHODS:The diabetic individuals were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)database spanning 1999 to 2018.The BAR was calculated as the ratio of blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin.To evaluate the association between BAR levels and DR,a generalized additive model and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed.Additionally,subgroup analyses were conducted to determine whether other factors modified this association.RESULTS:The number of eligible individuals in the current research endeavor equaled 5798.The resulting data were indicative of the existence of a nearly linearly positive relationship between BAR levels and DR.Following confounding variable adjustment(age,gender,marital status,red blood cell,hemoglobin,lactate dehydrogenase,uric acid,creatinine,gender,red cell distribution width,highdensity lipoprotein,glucose,sodium,glycated hemoglobin,hypertension,and total cholesterol),the multivariate investigation implied that an elevated DR risk correlated with elevated levels of BAR(OR:1.46,95%CI:1.20-1.79).This relationship was noted to be reliable and stable across diverse analyses,following the conduction of sensitivity analysis(P for trend:0.0002).Subgroup analysis showed no statistically significant interactions between BAR and most other risk factors for DR.CONCLUSION:The study provides evidence of a positive association between elevated BAR levels and an increased risk of DR in diabetic individuals.
