Owing to the extreme rainfall and evaporation events under the changing climate,coastal zones are experiencing salinity fluctuations that stress aquatic organisms.However,the biological consequences of ongoing alterat...Owing to the extreme rainfall and evaporation events under the changing climate,coastal zones are experiencing salinity fluctuations that stress aquatic organisms.However,the biological consequences of ongoing alteration in salinity levels on euryhaline organisms remain inconclusive.Herein,we sought to uncover how variation in salinity level adversely alters the bacterioplankton community,the gut microbiota of euryhaline shrimp Penaeus monodon,and subsequent shrimp disease risk.To mimic the extreme weather that induces abrupt changes in coastal water salinity,three salinity levels(10,20,and 30)were selected to investigate the differences in shrimp gut microbiota using bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Results shows that salinity level and days post experiment(dpe)respectively constrained 45.9%and 13.0%of the variance in the gut bacterial communities.Particularly,abnormal salinity levels accelerated temporal turnover rate,disrupted gut network stability,augmented average variation degree,and increased pathogenic potential in the gut microbiota of shrimp reared at 10 and 30 salinities compared with 20 salinity controls.These changes were accompanied with the shifts in the gut microbiota-mediated functions,especially the compromised immunity and elevated infectious diseases potentials,thereby increasing shrimp disease risk.In addition,abnormal salinity levels increased the role of homogeneous selection governing the gut microbiota.After excluding the dpe-effect,we screened 35 gut salinity-discriminatory taxa that quantitatively discriminated the salinity levels where shrimp were reared,with overall accuracy of 91.1%.Collectively,abnormal salinity levels profoundly disrupt the structure,stability,assembly,and functions of the gut microbiota,which in turn increased disease risk in shrimp.In addition,gut symbionts sensitively responded to the changes in external salinity level.These findings deepened our understanding on the biological consequence of abnormal salinity levels on shrimp health.展开更多
Groundwater-fed lakes are essential for the ecology in arid and semiarid regions.As a typical arid region,the Badain Jaran Desert （BJD） is famous in the world for the presence of a large number of groundwater-fed sa...Groundwater-fed lakes are essential for the ecology in arid and semiarid regions.As a typical arid region,the Badain Jaran Desert （BJD） is famous in the world for the presence of a large number of groundwater-fed saline lakes among the mega dunes.Based on the up to date geological surveys and observations,this study analyzed the groundwater contributions in water-salt balances of the lakes in the desert.We found different types of springs,including the sublacustrine springs that indicate an upward flow of groundwater under the lakebed.A simplified water balance model was developed to analyze the seasonal variations of water level in the Sumu Barun Jaran Lake,which revealed an approximately steady groundwater discharge in the lake and explained why the amplitude of seasonal changes in lake level is less than 0.5 m.In addition,a salt balance model was developed to evaluate the salt accumulations in the groundwater-fed lakes.The relative salt accumulation time is 800–7,000 years in typical saline lakes,which were estimated from the concentration of Cl-,indicating a long history evolution for the lakes in the BJD.Further researches are recommended to provide comprehensive investigations on the interactions between the lakes and groundwater in the BJD.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32371596,32071549)the Zhejiang Provincial Key Natural Science Foundation of China(No.Z25C030002)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Yongjiang 2035 Key Research and Development Project of Ningbo(No.2024Z279)the One Health Interdisciplinary Research Project(No.HZ202404)the K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University。
文摘Owing to the extreme rainfall and evaporation events under the changing climate,coastal zones are experiencing salinity fluctuations that stress aquatic organisms.However,the biological consequences of ongoing alteration in salinity levels on euryhaline organisms remain inconclusive.Herein,we sought to uncover how variation in salinity level adversely alters the bacterioplankton community,the gut microbiota of euryhaline shrimp Penaeus monodon,and subsequent shrimp disease risk.To mimic the extreme weather that induces abrupt changes in coastal water salinity,three salinity levels(10,20,and 30)were selected to investigate the differences in shrimp gut microbiota using bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Results shows that salinity level and days post experiment(dpe)respectively constrained 45.9%and 13.0%of the variance in the gut bacterial communities.Particularly,abnormal salinity levels accelerated temporal turnover rate,disrupted gut network stability,augmented average variation degree,and increased pathogenic potential in the gut microbiota of shrimp reared at 10 and 30 salinities compared with 20 salinity controls.These changes were accompanied with the shifts in the gut microbiota-mediated functions,especially the compromised immunity and elevated infectious diseases potentials,thereby increasing shrimp disease risk.In addition,abnormal salinity levels increased the role of homogeneous selection governing the gut microbiota.After excluding the dpe-effect,we screened 35 gut salinity-discriminatory taxa that quantitatively discriminated the salinity levels where shrimp were reared,with overall accuracy of 91.1%.Collectively,abnormal salinity levels profoundly disrupt the structure,stability,assembly,and functions of the gut microbiota,which in turn increased disease risk in shrimp.In addition,gut symbionts sensitively responded to the changes in external salinity level.These findings deepened our understanding on the biological consequence of abnormal salinity levels on shrimp health.
基金supported by the China Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation (201457)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91125024)
文摘Groundwater-fed lakes are essential for the ecology in arid and semiarid regions.As a typical arid region,the Badain Jaran Desert （BJD） is famous in the world for the presence of a large number of groundwater-fed saline lakes among the mega dunes.Based on the up to date geological surveys and observations,this study analyzed the groundwater contributions in water-salt balances of the lakes in the desert.We found different types of springs,including the sublacustrine springs that indicate an upward flow of groundwater under the lakebed.A simplified water balance model was developed to analyze the seasonal variations of water level in the Sumu Barun Jaran Lake,which revealed an approximately steady groundwater discharge in the lake and explained why the amplitude of seasonal changes in lake level is less than 0.5 m.In addition,a salt balance model was developed to evaluate the salt accumulations in the groundwater-fed lakes.The relative salt accumulation time is 800–7,000 years in typical saline lakes,which were estimated from the concentration of Cl-,indicating a long history evolution for the lakes in the BJD.Further researches are recommended to provide comprehensive investigations on the interactions between the lakes and groundwater in the BJD.
