Learner autonomy stands on the top priorities of scholars due to its pivotal role in fostering student-centered learning methods. It empowers the learners to be in charge of their learning process and be the center of...Learner autonomy stands on the top priorities of scholars due to its pivotal role in fostering student-centered learning methods. It empowers the learners to be in charge of their learning process and be the center of attention in language learning education. For this purpose, different AI tools were used and implemented in pedagogy to narrow the divide in promoting learning/teaching approaches. This study aims to gauge the impact of using LLM-ChatGPT to teach EFL learners the present simple tense autonomously via providing automated feedback, and chances for regular drillings without over reliance on teacher. It also aims to investigate the EFL learners’ perception of using LLM-ChatGPT as a reinforcement approach to learner autonomy. A cohort comprising 50 EFL learners would participate in the study and a between subject design method using control and experimental groups would be implemented. The findings of the study indicated that learners who were taught present simple tense’s rule through using LLM-ChatGPT application, with less teacher’s dominance, scored grades similar to those who were taught the same tense’s rule by the teacher (sage on the stage approach). This substantiates the idea that LLM-Chat GPT acts a role akin to teachers in teaching grammatical rules. Moreover, the learners felt that LLM-ChatGPT application had a positive impact on fostering autonomous learning.展开更多
Background Using Systematic Assessment of Geriatric Elements in Atrial Fibrillation(SAGE-AF) data, determine how well the rich mix of demographic, clinical history, geriatric assessments, and clinically adjudicated ev...Background Using Systematic Assessment of Geriatric Elements in Atrial Fibrillation(SAGE-AF) data, determine how well the rich mix of demographic, clinical history, geriatric assessments, and clinically adjudicated events can predict two-year survival.Methods Subjects were recruited from participating outpatient practices if they had non-valvular AF, were 65 or over with CHA_(2)DS_(2)-VASc scores of at least 2, and were candidates for anticoagulation. Demographics, clinical history, and geriatric qualities of life were assessed by interview and medical records review using standardized protocols and repeated at one and two years. Events identified were abstracted and submitted for adjudication using standard definitions of events and categories. Nonmortality event categories included hospitalizations(cardiovascular, bleeding, other), bleeding(major, clinically relevant non-major, minor), and seven major adverse cardiovascular events.Results The 1245 subjects experienced 1960 events, primarily hospitalizations(935) and/or bleeding(817);114 subjects(9.2%)died during two years of follow-up. Events initially abstracted to more than one category(172) were combined, resulting in 1788unique incidents. Most subjects had zero or one event(69%) and fewer than 7% had more than 3 types. Most variables were significant in bivariate analysis. Using multiple logistic regression with two-year survival as the outcome variable, the best-fit model included event number and type, number of unique incidents, and number of bleeding events(R^(2) = 0.511, C = 93.1) with sensitivity = 97.9% and specificity = 44.7%.Conclusions Two-year survival was high. This model, if validated, could have major implications for treatment of patients with AF. Patients in the large group with no or one event are at very low risk of death(under 2%). The small group with high risk for further complications, including death, deserve reassessment to determine if this trajectory can be altered.展开更多
文摘Learner autonomy stands on the top priorities of scholars due to its pivotal role in fostering student-centered learning methods. It empowers the learners to be in charge of their learning process and be the center of attention in language learning education. For this purpose, different AI tools were used and implemented in pedagogy to narrow the divide in promoting learning/teaching approaches. This study aims to gauge the impact of using LLM-ChatGPT to teach EFL learners the present simple tense autonomously via providing automated feedback, and chances for regular drillings without over reliance on teacher. It also aims to investigate the EFL learners’ perception of using LLM-ChatGPT as a reinforcement approach to learner autonomy. A cohort comprising 50 EFL learners would participate in the study and a between subject design method using control and experimental groups would be implemented. The findings of the study indicated that learners who were taught present simple tense’s rule through using LLM-ChatGPT application, with less teacher’s dominance, scored grades similar to those who were taught the same tense’s rule by the teacher (sage on the stage approach). This substantiates the idea that LLM-Chat GPT acts a role akin to teachers in teaching grammatical rules. Moreover, the learners felt that LLM-ChatGPT application had a positive impact on fostering autonomous learning.
文摘Background Using Systematic Assessment of Geriatric Elements in Atrial Fibrillation(SAGE-AF) data, determine how well the rich mix of demographic, clinical history, geriatric assessments, and clinically adjudicated events can predict two-year survival.Methods Subjects were recruited from participating outpatient practices if they had non-valvular AF, were 65 or over with CHA_(2)DS_(2)-VASc scores of at least 2, and were candidates for anticoagulation. Demographics, clinical history, and geriatric qualities of life were assessed by interview and medical records review using standardized protocols and repeated at one and two years. Events identified were abstracted and submitted for adjudication using standard definitions of events and categories. Nonmortality event categories included hospitalizations(cardiovascular, bleeding, other), bleeding(major, clinically relevant non-major, minor), and seven major adverse cardiovascular events.Results The 1245 subjects experienced 1960 events, primarily hospitalizations(935) and/or bleeding(817);114 subjects(9.2%)died during two years of follow-up. Events initially abstracted to more than one category(172) were combined, resulting in 1788unique incidents. Most subjects had zero or one event(69%) and fewer than 7% had more than 3 types. Most variables were significant in bivariate analysis. Using multiple logistic regression with two-year survival as the outcome variable, the best-fit model included event number and type, number of unique incidents, and number of bleeding events(R^(2) = 0.511, C = 93.1) with sensitivity = 97.9% and specificity = 44.7%.Conclusions Two-year survival was high. This model, if validated, could have major implications for treatment of patients with AF. Patients in the large group with no or one event are at very low risk of death(under 2%). The small group with high risk for further complications, including death, deserve reassessment to determine if this trajectory can be altered.
