Cutting farming-related methane emissions from ruminants is critical in the battle against climate change.Since scientists initially investigated the potential of marine macroalgae to reduce methane emissions,using se...Cutting farming-related methane emissions from ruminants is critical in the battle against climate change.Since scientists initially investigated the potential of marine macroalgae to reduce methane emissions,using seaweeds as an anti-methanogenic feed additive has become prevailing in recent years.Asparagopsis taxiformis is the preferred species because it contains a relatively higher concentration of bromoform.As a type of halogenated methane analogue,bromoform contained in A.taxiformis can specifically inhibit the activity of coenzyme M methyltransferase,thereby blocking the ruminal methanogenesis.However,bromoform is a potential toxin and ozone-depleting substance.In response,current research focuses on the effects of bromoform-enriched seaweed supplementation on ruminant productivity and safety,as well as the impact of large-scale cultivation of seaweeds on the atmospheric environment.The current research on seaweed still needs to be improved,especially in developing more species with low bromoform content,such as Bonnemaisonia hamifera,Dictyota bartayresii,and Cystoseira trinodis.Otherwise,seaweed is rich in bioactive substances and exhibits antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,and other physiological properties,but research on the role of these bioactive compounds in methane emissions is lacking.It is worthy of deeper investigation to identify more potential bioactive compounds.As a new focus of attention,seaweed has attracted the interest of many scientists.Nevertheless,seaweed still faces some challenges as a feed additive to ruminants,such as the residues of heavy metals(iodine and bromine)and bromoform in milk or meat,as well as the establishment of a supply chain for seaweed cultivation,preservation,and processing.We have concluded that the methane-reducing efficacy of seaweed is indisputable.However,its application as a commercial feed additive is still influenced by factors such as safety,costs,policy incentives,and regulations.展开更多
The temperament of ruminants has been investigated for several decades and has similarities with human temperament.Temperament represents an animal's response to situations perceived as challenging.This behavioral...The temperament of ruminants has been investigated for several decades and has similarities with human temperament.Temperament represents an animal's response to situations perceived as challenging.This behavioral trait can influence numerous biological functions,primarily the stress axis,affecting production characteristics and animal welfare.A crucial aspect of temperament expression lies in how individuals perceive stressors.Molecular research has begun to elucidate the central pathways involved in the expression of temperament.Recent investigations suggest that the rumen microbiome may influence temperament,like the way that the effect of the gut microbiota on the brain in monogastric species.Further research is necessary to understand the relationship between the gut microbiome and ruminant temperament.Future applications may include modifying the temperament of production animals through the manipulation of the rumen microbiota and potentially enhancing their health and welfare.展开更多
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the post-vaccination seroconversion of small ruminants after the 2022-2023 vaccination campaign against peste des petits ruminants, as part of the national PPR co...Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the post-vaccination seroconversion of small ruminants after the 2022-2023 vaccination campaign against peste des petits ruminants, as part of the national PPR control and eradication strategy. Methodology and Results: The study was conducted in the study area comprising the provinces of Chari-Baguirmi, N’Djamena, Bahr Elgazale, Kanem and Lac. It involved the collection of 1687 samples of sera from small ruminants, which were analysed in the laboratory using the Eliza competition diagnostic method. Statistical analyses of the data obtained were carried out using the R Studio 4.1.2 software. The data analyses made it possible to assess post-vaccination seroconversion at the level of the study area, regions and municipalities, as well as to see the effect of sex, marking and the “vaccinated and unvaccinated animal” aspect on PPR seroconversion. At the level of the study area, an overall seroconversion of 73.56% (higher than the rate set by the national strategy) was obtained, but it was distributed differently between provinces and municipalities. Conclusion and Application of Results: Provinces such as Bahr Elgazal (69.84%) and Lac (68.78%) experienced a seroconversion to decaf of the rate set by the national strategy for the control and eradication of PPR. The municipalities with low seroconversion rates were the 1st district of the city of N’Djamena (54.29%) and Amsileb (49.02%). Thus, it would be suggested that the General Directorate of Veterinary Services, through its Animal Health Directorate, intensify its efforts in municipalities with a low seroconversion rate and maintain the gains made in those with high rates. In this context, it is important to ensure that vaccines are administered appropriately and that the cold chain is functioning properly to achieve the objective of the national strategy for the control and eradication of peste des petits ruminants in Chad.展开更多
Objectives:To explore the approaches for reducing non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)behaviors in Chinese adolescents,the present study investigated the association between parent-child conflict and NSSI in adolescents,whi...Objectives:To explore the approaches for reducing non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)behaviors in Chinese adolescents,the present study investigated the association between parent-child conflict and NSSI in adolescents,while also examining the mediating role of depression and the moderating role of rumination thinking.Methods:A cluster sampling method was employed to select 1227 Chinese adolescents aged 12 to 18 as participants,who completed measures including the Parent-Child conflict,Depression,Rumination Thinking,and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury questionnaires.The present study used SPSS 26.0 to conduct the Descriptive statistics,correlation analysis,and reliability tests,and PROCESS 3.3 to test the hypothesis model.Results:(1)There is a positive correlation between parent-child conflict and NSSI in adolescents;(2)Depression mediates the relationship between parent-child conflict and NSSI in adolescents;(3)Rumination thinking acts as a moderator in the association between parent-child conflict and depression.This study finds the indirect effect of depression on NSSI behaviors among Chinese adolescents.Furthermore,the study also finds protective factors by examining the role of reducing individual rumination thinking in mitigating negative emotions following adverse experiences.In conclusion,this research provides a pathway and foundation for enhancing interventions targeting NSSI behaviors among Chinese adolescents.Conclusion:The relationship between parent-child conflict and NSSI in adolescents is positively correlated.Depression acts as a mediator in the association between parent-child conflict and NSSI in adolescents.The effect of parent-child conflict on NSSI is positively moderated by rumination thinking.Specifically,low-level rumination thinking may mitigate the negative impact of parent-child conflict on depression.展开更多
Objectives:The prevalence of cyber-aggression is increasing worldwide,resulting in significant negative impacts on both perpetrators and victims.This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cyber-ostracism...Objectives:The prevalence of cyber-aggression is increasing worldwide,resulting in significant negative impacts on both perpetrators and victims.This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cyber-ostracism and cyber-aggression among college students,clarify the role of various types of rumination in this dynamic.Methods:A total of 1198 Chinese college students(67.4%female;mean age 20.78 years;SD=1.12)were recruited through cluster random sampling and completed the Cyber-ostracism Experience Scale(COES),Positive and Negative Rumination Scale(PANRS),and Adolescent Online Aggression Behavior Scale(AOABS).Thestructural equation model(SEM)was employed to examine the relationship between cyber-ostracism,negative rumination,and cyber-aggression,as well as the moderating effect of positive rumination.Results:The results indicate that cyber-ostracism(β=0.128,p<0.001)positively predicts cyber-aggression.Negative ruminationmediates this relationship(effect size=0.027,95%CI=[0.007,0.014]).Positive rumination moderates the direct effect of cyber-ostracism on cyber-aggression(β=0.103,p<0.001).It alsomoderates both the first half(β=0.148,p<0.001)and the second half(β=0.138,p<0.001)of themediating pathway.Conclusion:This study suggests that cyber-ostracism influences cyber-aggression through negative rumination among Chinese college students.Positive rumination moderates this effect,although its impact is relatively limited.These findings offer valuable guidance for preventing and intervening in cyber-aggression among college students.展开更多
Objectives: To determine the level of adversity quotient and its associations with rumination, optimism, and authoritative parenting style in junior high school students. Adversity quotient is the adaptation ability t...Objectives: To determine the level of adversity quotient and its associations with rumination, optimism, and authoritative parenting style in junior high school students. Adversity quotient is the adaptation ability to overcome problems and obstacles with a positive attitude. Early adolescence, as a critical stage of life, needs to cultivate adversity quotient. However, adversity quotient and its influencing factors in adolescents have not been fully understood. Methods: A total of 129 students from 3 junior high schools (grade 7-9) in Chon Buri province, Thailand, were randomly recruited to participate in this correlational research study. They completed 5 questionnaires including the demographic form, adversity quotient assessment, authoritative parenting style, optimism, and rumination. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. Results: Adversity quotient was at a moderate level with a mean of 138.78 (standard deviation [SD] = 21.25). Adversity quotient was significantly, positively correlated with authoritative parenting at the highest level (r = 0.60), followed by optimism at a moderate level (r = 0.38), and rumination at a low level (r = 0.25, P < 0.01). Conclusions: All parties responsible for early adolescents’ development should enhance the adversity quotient to a higher level through campaigns promoting authoritative parenting and optimism. An unexpected positive correlation between adversity quotient and rumination warrants cautious interpretation and more studies.展开更多
Objectives:Emotional exhaustion among healthcare professionals,particularly pharmacists,significantly impacts their well-being and efficacy in patient care.Understanding the psychological mechanisms contributing to em...Objectives:Emotional exhaustion among healthcare professionals,particularly pharmacists,significantly impacts their well-being and efficacy in patient care.Understanding the psychological mechanisms contributing to emotional exhaustion is essential for developing effective interventions.The present research sought to investigate the potential mediating roles of rumination and coping strategies(adaptive and maladaptive)in the relationship between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion among pharmacists.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was carried out between September 2023 and January 2024 involving 576 pharmacists working in public hospitals in Punjab who met the inclusion criteria and actively participated in the study.We employed the Perceived Stress Scale,the Ruminative Response Scale,the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory(COPE),and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory(OLBI)to assess the hypothesized study model.Path analysis was employed to test the hypothesized mediation model,incorporating simple and chain mediation processes.Results:The findings provided empirical evidence supporting a positive association between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion.Rumination significantlymediated this relationship.Further,both adaptive andmaladaptive coping strategieswere found tomediate this relationship,withmaladaptive coping demonstrating amore substantial impact.Conclusion:The chainmediation model demonstrated that rumination and coping strategies(both maladaptive and adaptive)significantly mediate the relationship between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion among pharmacists.Specifically,rumination was found to be a key mediator,with maladaptive coping strategies having a more substantial impact.These findings provide a deeper understanding of the psychological mechanisms contributing to emotional exhaustion in the pharmacy profession.展开更多
Postruminal intestinal inflammation and hindgut acidosis caused by increased dietary starch supply and thereby increased quantities of ruminal degradable starch(RDS)in ruminants have been widely studied.Although the r...Postruminal intestinal inflammation and hindgut acidosis caused by increased dietary starch supply and thereby increased quantities of ruminal degradable starch(RDS)in ruminants have been widely studied.Although the roles of the microbiota in mediating hindgut health that are focused on the hindgut have been widely studied,the absence of whole gastrointestinal insight may influence the depth of research.We integrated the microbiome,metabolome,and host transcriptome changes in the rumen,jejunum,ileum,and colon to investigate the contributions of foregut changes to hindgut gene expression driven by gastrointestinal microbiota and metabolite flow.Forty goats were randomly assigned to receive either a low rumen-degradation-rate starch diet(LRDS,n=20)or a high rumen-degradation-rate starch diet(HRDS,n=20).Compared with the HRDS group,the LRDS group significantly decreased the diarrheal rate.Based on the mean values of the fecal scores,6 represented goats of LRDS group(fecal scores=(4.58±0.120))and 6 represented goats of HRDS group(fecal scores=(3.53±0.343))were selected for sampling and subsequent analysis.LRDS had significantly decreased the colonic pathologic scores.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that LRDS reduced jejunal,ileal,and colonic inflammatory responses.An increase in beneficial commensals and a decreased abundance of pathogenic genera in the small intestine and hindgut were found in goats fed the LRDS diet using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.To identify microbial transmission as well as the transmission of microbial metabolites,8 genera were identified as core genera according to their calculated niche width.Metabolomics analysis revealed that a total of 554 metabolites were identified among different gastrointestinal sites.Then,metabolites were incorporated into 3 modules:metabolites increased in the current site(ICS),unchanged inflow metabolites in the current site(UICS),and metabolites decreased in the current site(DCS).The results indicated that the UICS metabolites contributed more than 10%to host gene expression in the jejunum,ileum,and colon.When we further focused on the effects of colonic UICS metabolites on the colonic immune-related differentially expressed genes(DEGs),the results indicated that 1-palmitoylglycerol and deoxycholic acid contributed 60.74 and 11.5%to the colonic immune-related DEGs,respectively.Our findings provide a preliminary framework of microbial effects that includes the microbiota and their metabolite changes,especially reduced 1-palmitoylglycerol and deoxycholic acid,in the former gastrointestinal tract that could be involved in the alleviation of colonic inflammation in goats fed LRDS diets.展开更多
The present study examined the role of emotional balance and the moderating role of rumination in the relationship between psychological inflexibility and sleep quality among college students.Participants were 837 Chi...The present study examined the role of emotional balance and the moderating role of rumination in the relationship between psychological inflexibility and sleep quality among college students.Participants were 837 Chinese college students(females=52%,mean age=18.89,SD=0.93 years).They completed the Multidimensional Psychological Inflexibility Scale(MPIS),Affect Balance Scale(ABS),Ruminative Response Scale(RRS),Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI).We utilized moderated-mediation analysis to explore the mechanism of action among variables.Emotional balance mediated the relationship between psychological inflexibility and sleep quality,and rumination moderated the direct effect of psychological inflexibility on sleep quality and the mediating effect of emotional balance.Specifically,the direct effect of psychological inflexibility on sleep quality and the mediating effect of emotional balance increased with the increase in rumination level.High levels of rumination in individuals exacerbate the negative effects of psychological inflexibility on sleep quality.It also enhances the disruption of psychological inflexibility on the individual’s emotional balance ability,which leads to poorer sleep quality.The results contribute to the evidence of how psychological inflexibility explains the sleep quality of college students and how sleep quality can be improved by psychological inflexibility interventions,rumination interventions,and emotional balance interventions.Student development services should provide targeted students’sleep quality counseling for the promotion and maintenance of college students’physical and mental health.展开更多
Mastitis is an inflammatory infection of the mammary glands that is frequently observed in animals. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of this infection, identify the pathogens responsible and highl...Mastitis is an inflammatory infection of the mammary glands that is frequently observed in animals. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of this infection, identify the pathogens responsible and highlight the risk factors in the region of Labé (Republic of Guinea). The survey involved 96 farmers in three prefectures (Koubia, Labé, Lélouma) and covered 3,199 animals, including 611 lactating females. The clinical survey revealed 49 suspected cases of mastitis, mainly in goats. The analysis showed a prevalence of clinical mastitis of 2.95% and a mortality rate of 18.35%. The identified risk factors were the hygiene of the premises, the age of the females, husbandry practices and the lack of regular veterinary care.展开更多
Background Subacute rumen acidosis(SARA)is a common metabolic disorder in ruminants that disrupts the rumen microbiome and animal health,but diagnosis is challenging due to subtle symptoms and invasive testing require...Background Subacute rumen acidosis(SARA)is a common metabolic disorder in ruminants that disrupts the rumen microbiome and animal health,but diagnosis is challenging due to subtle symptoms and invasive testing require-ments.This study explores the potential of the buccal(oral)microbiome as a diagnostic indicator for SARA,hypoth-esizing an interaction with the rumen microbiome.Results The study involved 47 dairy goats,including 11 on a control diet and 36 on high-concentrate diets with increasing rumen-degradable starch.Animals were grouped based on dietary exposure and ruminal pH:Control,Low-RDS Tolerance/SARA(LRDST/LRDSS),and High-RDS Tolerance/SARA(HRDST/HRDSS).Transcriptomics of rumen epithelium showed heightened inflammatory pathway gene expression in SARA-susceptible goats compared to controls and tolerant groups.Alpha diversity of ruminal bacteria showed lower Shannon diversity in HRDSS goats compared to HRDST whereas buccal bacteria displayed significantly lower Chao1 diversity in LRDSS goats compared to HRDST.Beta diversity analyses revealed distinct patterns between SARA-affected goats and healthy controls in both ruminal and buccal microbiomes.Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 emerged as a candidate biomarker,with reduced abundance in SARA-susceptible goats in both rumen and buccal samples.Machine learning classifiers achieved high accuracy in distinguishing SARA-susceptible goats using this genus(rumen AUC=0.807;buccal AUC=0.779).Source tracking analysis illustrated diminished cross-population of bacteria from the buccal to rumen(2.86%to 0.25%)and vice versa(8.59%to 1.17%),signifying compromised microbial interchange in SARA-affected goats.A microbiota transplant experiment verified SARA microbiota’s ability to induce pH decline,escalate inflammation-related gene expression(MAPK10,IL17B,FOSB,SPP1),disrupt microbial transfer,and reduce Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 in recipients.Conclusion Our findings highlight SARA’s dual impact on ruminal and buccal microbiota,exacerbating epithelial inflammation gene expression.Shifts in the buccal microbiome,specifically reductions in Prevotellaceae_UCG-003,mirror ruminal changes and can be influenced by inter-compartmental bacterial transmission,thereby offering a non-invasive diagnostic approach for SARA.展开更多
The objective of this study was to characterize the rumination time in lactating dairy cows fed with corn silage.Rumination time was recorded 24 h/day using direct visual observation.Six trials were conducted during 2...The objective of this study was to characterize the rumination time in lactating dairy cows fed with corn silage.Rumination time was recorded 24 h/day using direct visual observation.Six trials were conducted during 2018,2019 and 2020,and rumination time was recorded in 480-2-hour periods from 40 Holstein Friesian cows.In each trial,6 or 8 cows were selected and balanced for days in milk(DIM),milk production and number of lactations.Each cow was recorded continuously for periods of 2 h at a time to complete a full 24-h period per week(12 values per day).Data from all cows were associated with 4 reproductive statuses of cows:Inseminated(1-45 days after insemination),Open(45-150 days after calving),not-pregnant and pregnant.The longest rumination time(RT)was found in pregnant cows(average 536.9±29.87 min/day),and the shortest RT was in open cows(average 420.3±63.2 min/day).Inseminated and non-pregnant cows were found with intermediate values(527.3±82.4 min/day and 467.1±30.7 respectively).Significantly different RT means were found between pregnant and open cows(p<0.0001),pregnant vs.inseminated cows(p<0.0001),and between inseminated and open cows(p=0.0005).We concluded that some gynecological conditions of lactating cows affect the RT.Measurement of RT by visual observations proved to be acceptable for the conditions of this study when cows were housed indoors and were fed with partial mixed ration(PMR)based on corn silage.展开更多
BACKGROUND Rumination is a critical psychological factor contributing to the relapse of major depressive episodes(MDEs)and a core residual symptom in remitted MDEs.Investigating its neural correlations is essential fo...BACKGROUND Rumination is a critical psychological factor contributing to the relapse of major depressive episodes(MDEs)and a core residual symptom in remitted MDEs.Investigating its neural correlations is essential for developing strategies to prevent MDE relapse.Despite its clinical importance,the brain network mechanisms underlying rumination in remitted MDE patients have yet to be fully elucidated.AIM To investigate the brain network mechanism underlying rumination in patients with remitted MDEs using functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).METHODS We conducted an fMRI-based rumination-distraction task to induce rumination and distraction states in 51 patients with remitted MDEs.Functional connectivity(FC)was analyzed using the network-based statistic(NBS)approach,and eight topological metrics were calculated to compare the network topological properties between the two states.Correlation analyses were further performed to identify the relationships between individual rumination levels and the significantly altered brain network metrics.RESULTS The NBS analysis revealed that the altered FCs between the rumination and distraction states were located primarily in the frontoparietal,default mode,and cerebellar networks.No significant correlation was detected between these altered FCs and individual rumination levels.Among the eight topological metrics,the clustering coefficient,shortest path length,and local efficiency were significantly lower during rumination and positively correlated with individual rumination levels.In contrast,global efficiency was greater in the rumination state than in the distraction state and was negatively correlated with individual rumination levels.CONCLUSION Our work revealed the altered FC and topological properties during rumination in remitted MDE patients,offering valuable insights into the neural mechanisms of rumination from a brain network perspective.展开更多
Background In this study,the effects of L-leucine(Leu)on rumen fermentation parameters,rumen epithelium development,amino acid composition,rumen bacterial communities and rumen metabolites in beef cattle were investig...Background In this study,the effects of L-leucine(Leu)on rumen fermentation parameters,rumen epithelium development,amino acid composition,rumen bacterial communities and rumen metabolites in beef cattle were investigated.Twenty-four fattening Angus females of similar initial weight(575.5±22.1 kg)were randomly assigned to 2 treatments with 4 replicate pens(3 cattle per pen).They were fed either a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 6.0 g L-Leu/100 kg BW/d for 120 d.Results(1)Leu increased the ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acid(VFA)(P=0.017),propionate(P=0.023),isovalerate(P=0.001),and branched-chain volatile fatty acid(BCVFA)(P=0.01)at 4 h post-feeding.It also tended to increase acetate(P=0.083)and decrease the ammonia-N(NH_3-N)concentration(P=0.055),but it did not affect ruminal pH(P>0.1).Leu also increased microbial crude protein(MCP)(P=0.026)at 4 h post-feeding,but decreased MCP at 8 h post-feeding(P=0.010).(2)Supplementation with L-Leu increased the ruminal concentrations of phenylalanine(P=0.011),lysine(P=0.034),and tyrosine(P=0.033),while decreasing the cystine concentration(P=0.010).(3)Leu increased the thickness of the stratum spinosum and basal(P<0.05),while decreasing the thickness of the stratum granulosum(P<0.05).(4)Leu upregulated the relative mRNA abundance of genes involved in tight junction proteins(P<0.05)and VFA absorption and metabolism(P<0.01)in the rumen epithelium.This upregulation was positively correlated with the concentrations ruminal isovalerate and BCVFA(P<0.01).(5)L-Leu did not affect the diversity and richness of ruminal microbes(P>0.05),but differential bacterial biomarkers(LEfSe,LDA>2)were either positively or negatively correlated with ruminal MCP,NH_3-N,and BCVFA concentrations(P<0.001).Additionally,differential bacterial metabolites(OPLS-DA,VIP>1.5)were primarily enriched in the amino acid metabolism pathway and the cofactors and vitamins metabolism pathway(P<0.05).Conclusions Dietary supplementation with L-Leu altered rumen fermentation parameters and patterns,improved rumen epithelial morphology,and enhanced the expression of genes related to VFA absorption and metabolism in the rumen epithelium of beef cattle.展开更多
Peste des Petits ruminants (PPR) is considered as one of the major constraints to the productivity of small ruminants in Sudan. Presently, control measures for PPR are primarily reliant on vaccination using an attenua...Peste des Petits ruminants (PPR) is considered as one of the major constraints to the productivity of small ruminants in Sudan. Presently, control measures for PPR are primarily reliant on vaccination using an attenuated PPR strain Nigeria 75/1 that has been produced in monolayers of Vero cells grown in static flasks. This study investigates the potential for scaling up PPR vaccine production using roller bottle technology, a more advanced method. A live, homologous vaccine against PPR in sheep and goats was successfully produced on a large scale in roller culture bottles, with DMEM supplemented with ten percent fetal bovine serum serving as the growth medium. The cells were infected with a multiplicity of infection of 0.01, and the vaccine was harvested when the cytopathic effect reached 80%. The vaccine was then freeze-dried to preserve its stability. A series of tests were conducted to ensure the safety and quality of the vaccine. Using PCR, the identity of vaccine was confirmed. It was found to be safe in both single and 100-times dose inoculations in sheep, with the produced batches showing a high titre of 6.4 ± 0.11 log10 TCID50/ml. All batches met the criteria of sterility, passing tests for bacteria, fungi, and mycoplasma. Furthermore, the vaccine proved effective in small ruminants, with antibodies persisting for over a year post-vaccination. The residual moisture content remained below 2.5%, and the vaccine successfully passed vacuum testing. Stability tests indicated that the vaccine has a shelf-life of at least one year when stored at temperatures of 2˚C - 8˚C and −20˚C. These results demonstrate the potential for applying roller bottle culture technology to PPR vaccine production, significantly streamlining the existing process and enhancing its efficiency. Further research is warranted to address the economic analyses of adopting roller bottle technology with existing PPR control program.展开更多
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) antibodies were studied in Sudanese sheep and goats (n = 855) before and after vaccination with a locally produced Nigeria 75/1 vaccine using a commercial competitive ELISA (cEL...Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) antibodies were studied in Sudanese sheep and goats (n = 855) before and after vaccination with a locally produced Nigeria 75/1 vaccine using a commercial competitive ELISA (cELISA) kit. Animals were kept healthy under field conditions, in four states: Blue Nile (n = 250), North Kordofan (n = 189), South Darfur (n = 225) and the Northern State (n = 191). Before vaccination, the overall sero-prevalence of PPRV antibodies was 54.6% (53.2% - 56%, 95% CI);high (64.8% - 76.4%, 95% CI) in Blue Nile State, medium (50.5% - 61.9%, 95% CI) in North Kordofan State and South Darfur State and low (28.6% - 35.2% 95%, CI) in Northern State. In high-risk areas (high sero-prevalence), Blue Nile (70.4%) and North Kordofan (57.7%), middle age groups (7 - 12 and 13 - 18 months) were identified as high-risk age. Middle age groups showed lower sero-prevalence than preceding (3 - 6 months) and subsequent (>18 months) age groups while the risk of exposure increased with age. Current and previous findings suggested a transmission pathway of PPRV involving the South Eastern border (Blue Nile) and neighbouring Central Sudan to North Kordofan. One month after vaccination 88.4% (343/388) of sero-negative animals were sero-converted suggesting the efficacy of the locally produced Nigeria 75/1 vaccine. Even if only individuals in the high-risk age group (7 - 18 months) were vaccinated, the overall population immunity (OPI) in high-risk areas (the Blue Nile and North Kordofan) would have surpassed the threshold of 70%, which is indicated for blocking PPRV transmission. However, lower vaccination coverage is expected in wider vaccination programmes. These findings primarily justified the targeting of PPR control in Sudan through the vaccination of high-risk age groups in high-risk areas.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the prevalence of early post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)among young and middle-aged patients who have suffered open globe injuries,and to identify the psychosocial factors influencing PTSD in these...AIM:To evaluate the prevalence of early post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)among young and middle-aged patients who have suffered open globe injuries,and to identify the psychosocial factors influencing PTSD in these patients.METHODS:A total of 280 patients who underwent ocular trauma surgery between January 2023 and January 2024 were selected through convenience sampling.Data were collected using a custom-designed demographic questionnaire,the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CDRISC),the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire(C-ERRI),and the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version(PCL-C).Univariate analysis and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis were performed to determine the factors affecting PTSD in these patients.RESULTS:The average PTSD score for the patients was 33.22±13.48.The scores for individual PTSD dimensions,ranked from highest to lowest,were recurrent traumatic experiences,heightened arousal,avoidance reactions,and social dysfunction.Positive PTSD symptoms were observed in 85 patients(30.36%).Univariate analysis indicated that gender,postoperative vision,marital status,psychological resilience,and rumination were significant factors affecting PTSD symptoms(χ^(2)/t=6.53,17.88,8.83,2.17,and 14.1,respectively;all P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between rumination and PTSD symptoms(r=0.73,P<0.01)and a negative correlation between psychological resilience and PTSD symptoms(r=-0.14,P<0.05).Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis identified postoperative vision(notably eye removal),rumination levels,and psychological resilience(optimism)as major factors influencing PTSD in these patients(R^(2)=0.57,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:Young and middle-aged patients with open globe injuries have a high incidence of PTSD.Significant risk factors for early PTSD include primary enucleation,high levels of rumination,and low psychological resilience(optimism).Conversely,patients with good postoperative vision recovery,low rumination levels,and high levels of optimism are less likely to develop PTSD.Healthcare providers should pay special attention to patients who undergo primary enucleation,strive to reduce their rumination levels,and enhance their psychological resilience,thereby promoting a positive and optimistic attitude towards their condition and reducing the incidence of PTSD.展开更多
Background Scant information is currently available on the use of insect oils in ruminant diets.Insect oils could be used as alternatives to certain conventional plant lipid sources that are considered no longer susta...Background Scant information is currently available on the use of insect oils in ruminant diets.Insect oils could be used as alternatives to certain conventional plant lipid sources that are considered no longer sustainable.This trial aims at evaluating the effects of the dietary inclusion of Hermetia illucens oil(HIO)vs.hydrogenated palm fat(HPF)on digestive parameters,oxidative stress,and milk production performance of dairy cows.Results Twenty-six Valdostana Red Pied cows were randomly divided into two groups and fed with hay ad libitum and a concentrate containing 3%(as fed)of either HPF or HIO.The trial lasted 50 d,including two weeks of diet adaptation.Individual feed intake and milk yield were monitored three and four times a week,respectively.Fecal samples were collected at the end(d 50)of the trial to determine total-tract nutrients apparent digestibility.Individual blood samples were collected to evaluate blood plasma metabolites(d 0 and d 50)and oxidative stress parameters(d 0,d 26 and d 50).Milk samples were collected at d 0,d 14,d 26,d 38 and d 50 for chemical composition analysis.Feed efficiency was estimated through feed conversion ratio and residual feed intake(RFI).Data were analyzed by SAS software using a mixed model.The diet had no effect on nutrients intake and apparent total-tract digestibility.However,the dietary inclusion of HIO led to higher milk production(+0.82 kg/cow/d;P<0.05)and slightly lower RFI(−0.008;P<0.001)when compared to the HPF diet.Milk composition and the nutritional metabolic status of the cows remained unaffected by diet.Serum antioxidant capacity was comparable between the two groups,while lower derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolite concentrations were observed in the HIO-fed cows when compared to the HPF-fed ones(−37.13 Carratelli Units;P<0.001).Conclusions The dietary inclusion of HIO instead of HPF did not negatively affect feed palatability and total-tract apparent digestibility of nutrients in dairy cows.Furthermore,it increased feed efficiency by supporting a higher milk production together with an improved antioxidant status.The results suggest that HIO could be an eligible option as an innovative energy source for dairy cows.展开更多
In 2013,peste des petits ruminants(PPR)re-emerged in China and spread to the majority of provinces across the country.The disease was effectively controlled through a vaccination campaign employing live attenuated vac...In 2013,peste des petits ruminants(PPR)re-emerged in China and spread to the majority of provinces across the country.The disease was effectively controlled through a vaccination campaign employing live attenuated vaccines,although sporadic cases still occurred.However,limited information is currently available regarding the peste des petits ruminants virus(PPRV)endemic in China.Here,a PPRV strain(HLJ/13)was isolated from a field sample in China using Vero cells expressing goat signalling lymphocyte activation molecule.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that HLJ/13 belonged to lineage IV.Subsequent intranasal and subcutaneous inoculation of goats with a dose of 2×10~6 TCID50of HLJ/13 resulted in the development of typical clinical symptoms of PPR,including pyrexia,ocular and nasal discharges,stomatitis,and diarrhea.All infected goats succumbed to the disease by day 8.To gain further insight,viral loading,pathological examination and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted,elucidating the main targets of HLJ/13 as the respiratory system,digestive tract and lymphoid organs.Employing the goat infection model established above,the goat poxvirus-vectored PPR vaccine,which was previously developed and could be used as DIVA(differentiating infected from vaccinated animals)vaccine,provided complete protection against the challenge of HLJ/13.It is important to note that this study represents the first comprehensive report delineating the biology and pathogenicity characterization,and infection model of PPRV isolated in China.展开更多
With the prohibition of antibiotics in feed,plant functional substances have been widely studied as feed additives.Resveratrol,a natural stilbene,and a non-flavonoid polyphenol found in plants,possesses antioxidant,an...With the prohibition of antibiotics in feed,plant functional substances have been widely studied as feed additives.Resveratrol,a natural stilbene,and a non-flavonoid polyphenol found in plants,possesses antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and metabolic regulatory features.Resveratrol generated intense scientific and public interest,primarily due to its widely reported ability to prevent cancer,delay aging and alleviate related metabolic diseases.Recently,resveratrol has been studied and applied as a feed additive in animal production.This review focuses on the outline of the absorption and metabolism and biological functions of resveratrol and summarizes the application of dietary resveratrol in animal production up to the present,including pigs,poultry,and ruminants.In pigs,dietary resveratrol improved intestinal health,mitochondrial function,meat quality,and more.In poultry,studies have shown that dietary resveratrol improves growth performance and meat and egg quality and alleviates heat stress induced adverse effects.There are few studies on dietary resveratrol in ruminants;however previous studies have indicated that dietary resveratrol increases nutrient digestibility and reduces methane emissions in sheep.It is hoped that this review could provide a specific theoretical basis and research ideas for the research and application of resveratrol.展开更多
基金supported by the Youth Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Y2022QC10)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,China(CAAS-ASTIP-2023-IFR-03,CAAS-IFR-ZDRW202302 and CAAS-IFR-ZDRW202404)the Basal Research Fund of the Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(1610382024009)。
文摘Cutting farming-related methane emissions from ruminants is critical in the battle against climate change.Since scientists initially investigated the potential of marine macroalgae to reduce methane emissions,using seaweeds as an anti-methanogenic feed additive has become prevailing in recent years.Asparagopsis taxiformis is the preferred species because it contains a relatively higher concentration of bromoform.As a type of halogenated methane analogue,bromoform contained in A.taxiformis can specifically inhibit the activity of coenzyme M methyltransferase,thereby blocking the ruminal methanogenesis.However,bromoform is a potential toxin and ozone-depleting substance.In response,current research focuses on the effects of bromoform-enriched seaweed supplementation on ruminant productivity and safety,as well as the impact of large-scale cultivation of seaweeds on the atmospheric environment.The current research on seaweed still needs to be improved,especially in developing more species with low bromoform content,such as Bonnemaisonia hamifera,Dictyota bartayresii,and Cystoseira trinodis.Otherwise,seaweed is rich in bioactive substances and exhibits antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,and other physiological properties,but research on the role of these bioactive compounds in methane emissions is lacking.It is worthy of deeper investigation to identify more potential bioactive compounds.As a new focus of attention,seaweed has attracted the interest of many scientists.Nevertheless,seaweed still faces some challenges as a feed additive to ruminants,such as the residues of heavy metals(iodine and bromine)and bromoform in milk or meat,as well as the establishment of a supply chain for seaweed cultivation,preservation,and processing.We have concluded that the methane-reducing efficacy of seaweed is indisputable.However,its application as a commercial feed additive is still influenced by factors such as safety,costs,policy incentives,and regulations.
基金funded by the Sub-Project of the 14th Five-Year National Key Research and Development of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2023YFD1301705)the High-end Foreign Expert Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(G2023014066L)the State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Breeding of China(2021ZD07).
文摘The temperament of ruminants has been investigated for several decades and has similarities with human temperament.Temperament represents an animal's response to situations perceived as challenging.This behavioral trait can influence numerous biological functions,primarily the stress axis,affecting production characteristics and animal welfare.A crucial aspect of temperament expression lies in how individuals perceive stressors.Molecular research has begun to elucidate the central pathways involved in the expression of temperament.Recent investigations suggest that the rumen microbiome may influence temperament,like the way that the effect of the gut microbiota on the brain in monogastric species.Further research is necessary to understand the relationship between the gut microbiome and ruminant temperament.Future applications may include modifying the temperament of production animals through the manipulation of the rumen microbiota and potentially enhancing their health and welfare.
文摘Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the post-vaccination seroconversion of small ruminants after the 2022-2023 vaccination campaign against peste des petits ruminants, as part of the national PPR control and eradication strategy. Methodology and Results: The study was conducted in the study area comprising the provinces of Chari-Baguirmi, N’Djamena, Bahr Elgazale, Kanem and Lac. It involved the collection of 1687 samples of sera from small ruminants, which were analysed in the laboratory using the Eliza competition diagnostic method. Statistical analyses of the data obtained were carried out using the R Studio 4.1.2 software. The data analyses made it possible to assess post-vaccination seroconversion at the level of the study area, regions and municipalities, as well as to see the effect of sex, marking and the “vaccinated and unvaccinated animal” aspect on PPR seroconversion. At the level of the study area, an overall seroconversion of 73.56% (higher than the rate set by the national strategy) was obtained, but it was distributed differently between provinces and municipalities. Conclusion and Application of Results: Provinces such as Bahr Elgazal (69.84%) and Lac (68.78%) experienced a seroconversion to decaf of the rate set by the national strategy for the control and eradication of PPR. The municipalities with low seroconversion rates were the 1st district of the city of N’Djamena (54.29%) and Amsileb (49.02%). Thus, it would be suggested that the General Directorate of Veterinary Services, through its Animal Health Directorate, intensify its efforts in municipalities with a low seroconversion rate and maintain the gains made in those with high rates. In this context, it is important to ensure that vaccines are administered appropriately and that the cold chain is functioning properly to achieve the objective of the national strategy for the control and eradication of peste des petits ruminants in Chad.
文摘Objectives:To explore the approaches for reducing non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)behaviors in Chinese adolescents,the present study investigated the association between parent-child conflict and NSSI in adolescents,while also examining the mediating role of depression and the moderating role of rumination thinking.Methods:A cluster sampling method was employed to select 1227 Chinese adolescents aged 12 to 18 as participants,who completed measures including the Parent-Child conflict,Depression,Rumination Thinking,and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury questionnaires.The present study used SPSS 26.0 to conduct the Descriptive statistics,correlation analysis,and reliability tests,and PROCESS 3.3 to test the hypothesis model.Results:(1)There is a positive correlation between parent-child conflict and NSSI in adolescents;(2)Depression mediates the relationship between parent-child conflict and NSSI in adolescents;(3)Rumination thinking acts as a moderator in the association between parent-child conflict and depression.This study finds the indirect effect of depression on NSSI behaviors among Chinese adolescents.Furthermore,the study also finds protective factors by examining the role of reducing individual rumination thinking in mitigating negative emotions following adverse experiences.In conclusion,this research provides a pathway and foundation for enhancing interventions targeting NSSI behaviors among Chinese adolescents.Conclusion:The relationship between parent-child conflict and NSSI in adolescents is positively correlated.Depression acts as a mediator in the association between parent-child conflict and NSSI in adolescents.The effect of parent-child conflict on NSSI is positively moderated by rumination thinking.Specifically,low-level rumination thinking may mitigate the negative impact of parent-child conflict on depression.
基金supported by the Key Research Base Project of Humanities and Social Sciences in Jiangxi Colleges and Universities(JD23056)the Characteristic Programmers of Mental Health Education for Students,University of Tibetan Medicine(2024XLJKZD01).
文摘Objectives:The prevalence of cyber-aggression is increasing worldwide,resulting in significant negative impacts on both perpetrators and victims.This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cyber-ostracism and cyber-aggression among college students,clarify the role of various types of rumination in this dynamic.Methods:A total of 1198 Chinese college students(67.4%female;mean age 20.78 years;SD=1.12)were recruited through cluster random sampling and completed the Cyber-ostracism Experience Scale(COES),Positive and Negative Rumination Scale(PANRS),and Adolescent Online Aggression Behavior Scale(AOABS).Thestructural equation model(SEM)was employed to examine the relationship between cyber-ostracism,negative rumination,and cyber-aggression,as well as the moderating effect of positive rumination.Results:The results indicate that cyber-ostracism(β=0.128,p<0.001)positively predicts cyber-aggression.Negative ruminationmediates this relationship(effect size=0.027,95%CI=[0.007,0.014]).Positive rumination moderates the direct effect of cyber-ostracism on cyber-aggression(β=0.103,p<0.001).It alsomoderates both the first half(β=0.148,p<0.001)and the second half(β=0.138,p<0.001)of themediating pathway.Conclusion:This study suggests that cyber-ostracism influences cyber-aggression through negative rumination among Chinese college students.Positive rumination moderates this effect,although its impact is relatively limited.These findings offer valuable guidance for preventing and intervening in cyber-aggression among college students.
基金supported by the Faculty of Nursing Burapha University(No.19/2561).
文摘Objectives: To determine the level of adversity quotient and its associations with rumination, optimism, and authoritative parenting style in junior high school students. Adversity quotient is the adaptation ability to overcome problems and obstacles with a positive attitude. Early adolescence, as a critical stage of life, needs to cultivate adversity quotient. However, adversity quotient and its influencing factors in adolescents have not been fully understood. Methods: A total of 129 students from 3 junior high schools (grade 7-9) in Chon Buri province, Thailand, were randomly recruited to participate in this correlational research study. They completed 5 questionnaires including the demographic form, adversity quotient assessment, authoritative parenting style, optimism, and rumination. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. Results: Adversity quotient was at a moderate level with a mean of 138.78 (standard deviation [SD] = 21.25). Adversity quotient was significantly, positively correlated with authoritative parenting at the highest level (r = 0.60), followed by optimism at a moderate level (r = 0.38), and rumination at a low level (r = 0.25, P < 0.01). Conclusions: All parties responsible for early adolescents’ development should enhance the adversity quotient to a higher level through campaigns promoting authoritative parenting and optimism. An unexpected positive correlation between adversity quotient and rumination warrants cautious interpretation and more studies.
基金supported by Social Policy Grant through Nazarbayev University,Kazakhstan.
文摘Objectives:Emotional exhaustion among healthcare professionals,particularly pharmacists,significantly impacts their well-being and efficacy in patient care.Understanding the psychological mechanisms contributing to emotional exhaustion is essential for developing effective interventions.The present research sought to investigate the potential mediating roles of rumination and coping strategies(adaptive and maladaptive)in the relationship between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion among pharmacists.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was carried out between September 2023 and January 2024 involving 576 pharmacists working in public hospitals in Punjab who met the inclusion criteria and actively participated in the study.We employed the Perceived Stress Scale,the Ruminative Response Scale,the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory(COPE),and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory(OLBI)to assess the hypothesized study model.Path analysis was employed to test the hypothesized mediation model,incorporating simple and chain mediation processes.Results:The findings provided empirical evidence supporting a positive association between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion.Rumination significantlymediated this relationship.Further,both adaptive andmaladaptive coping strategieswere found tomediate this relationship,withmaladaptive coping demonstrating amore substantial impact.Conclusion:The chainmediation model demonstrated that rumination and coping strategies(both maladaptive and adaptive)significantly mediate the relationship between perceived stress and emotional exhaustion among pharmacists.Specifically,rumination was found to be a key mediator,with maladaptive coping strategies having a more substantial impact.These findings provide a deeper understanding of the psychological mechanisms contributing to emotional exhaustion in the pharmacy profession.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072761,31902184 and 32102570)the Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Association Young Talents Lifting Program Project,China(20220203)。
文摘Postruminal intestinal inflammation and hindgut acidosis caused by increased dietary starch supply and thereby increased quantities of ruminal degradable starch(RDS)in ruminants have been widely studied.Although the roles of the microbiota in mediating hindgut health that are focused on the hindgut have been widely studied,the absence of whole gastrointestinal insight may influence the depth of research.We integrated the microbiome,metabolome,and host transcriptome changes in the rumen,jejunum,ileum,and colon to investigate the contributions of foregut changes to hindgut gene expression driven by gastrointestinal microbiota and metabolite flow.Forty goats were randomly assigned to receive either a low rumen-degradation-rate starch diet(LRDS,n=20)or a high rumen-degradation-rate starch diet(HRDS,n=20).Compared with the HRDS group,the LRDS group significantly decreased the diarrheal rate.Based on the mean values of the fecal scores,6 represented goats of LRDS group(fecal scores=(4.58±0.120))and 6 represented goats of HRDS group(fecal scores=(3.53±0.343))were selected for sampling and subsequent analysis.LRDS had significantly decreased the colonic pathologic scores.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that LRDS reduced jejunal,ileal,and colonic inflammatory responses.An increase in beneficial commensals and a decreased abundance of pathogenic genera in the small intestine and hindgut were found in goats fed the LRDS diet using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.To identify microbial transmission as well as the transmission of microbial metabolites,8 genera were identified as core genera according to their calculated niche width.Metabolomics analysis revealed that a total of 554 metabolites were identified among different gastrointestinal sites.Then,metabolites were incorporated into 3 modules:metabolites increased in the current site(ICS),unchanged inflow metabolites in the current site(UICS),and metabolites decreased in the current site(DCS).The results indicated that the UICS metabolites contributed more than 10%to host gene expression in the jejunum,ileum,and colon.When we further focused on the effects of colonic UICS metabolites on the colonic immune-related differentially expressed genes(DEGs),the results indicated that 1-palmitoylglycerol and deoxycholic acid contributed 60.74 and 11.5%to the colonic immune-related DEGs,respectively.Our findings provide a preliminary framework of microbial effects that includes the microbiota and their metabolite changes,especially reduced 1-palmitoylglycerol and deoxycholic acid,in the former gastrointestinal tract that could be involved in the alleviation of colonic inflammation in goats fed LRDS diets.
基金the projects funded by the Anhui Business College(Project for School level Counselors of Anhui Business College in 2023:“Research on the Influencing Factors and Intervention Mechanisms of Sleep Disorders in College Students”Grant No.2023KYF08).
文摘The present study examined the role of emotional balance and the moderating role of rumination in the relationship between psychological inflexibility and sleep quality among college students.Participants were 837 Chinese college students(females=52%,mean age=18.89,SD=0.93 years).They completed the Multidimensional Psychological Inflexibility Scale(MPIS),Affect Balance Scale(ABS),Ruminative Response Scale(RRS),Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI).We utilized moderated-mediation analysis to explore the mechanism of action among variables.Emotional balance mediated the relationship between psychological inflexibility and sleep quality,and rumination moderated the direct effect of psychological inflexibility on sleep quality and the mediating effect of emotional balance.Specifically,the direct effect of psychological inflexibility on sleep quality and the mediating effect of emotional balance increased with the increase in rumination level.High levels of rumination in individuals exacerbate the negative effects of psychological inflexibility on sleep quality.It also enhances the disruption of psychological inflexibility on the individual’s emotional balance ability,which leads to poorer sleep quality.The results contribute to the evidence of how psychological inflexibility explains the sleep quality of college students and how sleep quality can be improved by psychological inflexibility interventions,rumination interventions,and emotional balance interventions.Student development services should provide targeted students’sleep quality counseling for the promotion and maintenance of college students’physical and mental health.
文摘Mastitis is an inflammatory infection of the mammary glands that is frequently observed in animals. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of this infection, identify the pathogens responsible and highlight the risk factors in the region of Labé (Republic of Guinea). The survey involved 96 farmers in three prefectures (Koubia, Labé, Lélouma) and covered 3,199 animals, including 611 lactating females. The clinical survey revealed 49 suspected cases of mastitis, mainly in goats. The analysis showed a prevalence of clinical mastitis of 2.95% and a mortality rate of 18.35%. The identified risk factors were the hygiene of the premises, the age of the females, husbandry practices and the lack of regular veterinary care.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program for International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation between Governments(2023YFE0111800)the Shaanxi Province’s San Qin Talent Attraction Program for Regional Youth Talents.
文摘Background Subacute rumen acidosis(SARA)is a common metabolic disorder in ruminants that disrupts the rumen microbiome and animal health,but diagnosis is challenging due to subtle symptoms and invasive testing require-ments.This study explores the potential of the buccal(oral)microbiome as a diagnostic indicator for SARA,hypoth-esizing an interaction with the rumen microbiome.Results The study involved 47 dairy goats,including 11 on a control diet and 36 on high-concentrate diets with increasing rumen-degradable starch.Animals were grouped based on dietary exposure and ruminal pH:Control,Low-RDS Tolerance/SARA(LRDST/LRDSS),and High-RDS Tolerance/SARA(HRDST/HRDSS).Transcriptomics of rumen epithelium showed heightened inflammatory pathway gene expression in SARA-susceptible goats compared to controls and tolerant groups.Alpha diversity of ruminal bacteria showed lower Shannon diversity in HRDSS goats compared to HRDST whereas buccal bacteria displayed significantly lower Chao1 diversity in LRDSS goats compared to HRDST.Beta diversity analyses revealed distinct patterns between SARA-affected goats and healthy controls in both ruminal and buccal microbiomes.Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 emerged as a candidate biomarker,with reduced abundance in SARA-susceptible goats in both rumen and buccal samples.Machine learning classifiers achieved high accuracy in distinguishing SARA-susceptible goats using this genus(rumen AUC=0.807;buccal AUC=0.779).Source tracking analysis illustrated diminished cross-population of bacteria from the buccal to rumen(2.86%to 0.25%)and vice versa(8.59%to 1.17%),signifying compromised microbial interchange in SARA-affected goats.A microbiota transplant experiment verified SARA microbiota’s ability to induce pH decline,escalate inflammation-related gene expression(MAPK10,IL17B,FOSB,SPP1),disrupt microbial transfer,and reduce Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 in recipients.Conclusion Our findings highlight SARA’s dual impact on ruminal and buccal microbiota,exacerbating epithelial inflammation gene expression.Shifts in the buccal microbiome,specifically reductions in Prevotellaceae_UCG-003,mirror ruminal changes and can be influenced by inter-compartmental bacterial transmission,thereby offering a non-invasive diagnostic approach for SARA.
文摘The objective of this study was to characterize the rumination time in lactating dairy cows fed with corn silage.Rumination time was recorded 24 h/day using direct visual observation.Six trials were conducted during 2018,2019 and 2020,and rumination time was recorded in 480-2-hour periods from 40 Holstein Friesian cows.In each trial,6 or 8 cows were selected and balanced for days in milk(DIM),milk production and number of lactations.Each cow was recorded continuously for periods of 2 h at a time to complete a full 24-h period per week(12 values per day).Data from all cows were associated with 4 reproductive statuses of cows:Inseminated(1-45 days after insemination),Open(45-150 days after calving),not-pregnant and pregnant.The longest rumination time(RT)was found in pregnant cows(average 536.9±29.87 min/day),and the shortest RT was in open cows(average 420.3±63.2 min/day).Inseminated and non-pregnant cows were found with intermediate values(527.3±82.4 min/day and 467.1±30.7 respectively).Significantly different RT means were found between pregnant and open cows(p<0.0001),pregnant vs.inseminated cows(p<0.0001),and between inseminated and open cows(p=0.0005).We concluded that some gynecological conditions of lactating cows affect the RT.Measurement of RT by visual observations proved to be acceptable for the conditions of this study when cows were housed indoors and were fed with partial mixed ration(PMR)based on corn silage.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2021ZD0202000the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82101612 and No.82471570+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China,No.2022JJ40692the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,No.2021RC2040 and No.2024RC3056.
文摘BACKGROUND Rumination is a critical psychological factor contributing to the relapse of major depressive episodes(MDEs)and a core residual symptom in remitted MDEs.Investigating its neural correlations is essential for developing strategies to prevent MDE relapse.Despite its clinical importance,the brain network mechanisms underlying rumination in remitted MDE patients have yet to be fully elucidated.AIM To investigate the brain network mechanism underlying rumination in patients with remitted MDEs using functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).METHODS We conducted an fMRI-based rumination-distraction task to induce rumination and distraction states in 51 patients with remitted MDEs.Functional connectivity(FC)was analyzed using the network-based statistic(NBS)approach,and eight topological metrics were calculated to compare the network topological properties between the two states.Correlation analyses were further performed to identify the relationships between individual rumination levels and the significantly altered brain network metrics.RESULTS The NBS analysis revealed that the altered FCs between the rumination and distraction states were located primarily in the frontoparietal,default mode,and cerebellar networks.No significant correlation was detected between these altered FCs and individual rumination levels.Among the eight topological metrics,the clustering coefficient,shortest path length,and local efficiency were significantly lower during rumination and positively correlated with individual rumination levels.In contrast,global efficiency was greater in the rumination state than in the distraction state and was negatively correlated with individual rumination levels.CONCLUSION Our work revealed the altered FC and topological properties during rumination in remitted MDE patients,offering valuable insights into the neural mechanisms of rumination from a brain network perspective.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program(Grant No.2022YFD1301101-1)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32172758)Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia(Grant No.2024BBF01008)。
文摘Background In this study,the effects of L-leucine(Leu)on rumen fermentation parameters,rumen epithelium development,amino acid composition,rumen bacterial communities and rumen metabolites in beef cattle were investigated.Twenty-four fattening Angus females of similar initial weight(575.5±22.1 kg)were randomly assigned to 2 treatments with 4 replicate pens(3 cattle per pen).They were fed either a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 6.0 g L-Leu/100 kg BW/d for 120 d.Results(1)Leu increased the ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acid(VFA)(P=0.017),propionate(P=0.023),isovalerate(P=0.001),and branched-chain volatile fatty acid(BCVFA)(P=0.01)at 4 h post-feeding.It also tended to increase acetate(P=0.083)and decrease the ammonia-N(NH_3-N)concentration(P=0.055),but it did not affect ruminal pH(P>0.1).Leu also increased microbial crude protein(MCP)(P=0.026)at 4 h post-feeding,but decreased MCP at 8 h post-feeding(P=0.010).(2)Supplementation with L-Leu increased the ruminal concentrations of phenylalanine(P=0.011),lysine(P=0.034),and tyrosine(P=0.033),while decreasing the cystine concentration(P=0.010).(3)Leu increased the thickness of the stratum spinosum and basal(P<0.05),while decreasing the thickness of the stratum granulosum(P<0.05).(4)Leu upregulated the relative mRNA abundance of genes involved in tight junction proteins(P<0.05)and VFA absorption and metabolism(P<0.01)in the rumen epithelium.This upregulation was positively correlated with the concentrations ruminal isovalerate and BCVFA(P<0.01).(5)L-Leu did not affect the diversity and richness of ruminal microbes(P>0.05),but differential bacterial biomarkers(LEfSe,LDA>2)were either positively or negatively correlated with ruminal MCP,NH_3-N,and BCVFA concentrations(P<0.001).Additionally,differential bacterial metabolites(OPLS-DA,VIP>1.5)were primarily enriched in the amino acid metabolism pathway and the cofactors and vitamins metabolism pathway(P<0.05).Conclusions Dietary supplementation with L-Leu altered rumen fermentation parameters and patterns,improved rumen epithelial morphology,and enhanced the expression of genes related to VFA absorption and metabolism in the rumen epithelium of beef cattle.
文摘Peste des Petits ruminants (PPR) is considered as one of the major constraints to the productivity of small ruminants in Sudan. Presently, control measures for PPR are primarily reliant on vaccination using an attenuated PPR strain Nigeria 75/1 that has been produced in monolayers of Vero cells grown in static flasks. This study investigates the potential for scaling up PPR vaccine production using roller bottle technology, a more advanced method. A live, homologous vaccine against PPR in sheep and goats was successfully produced on a large scale in roller culture bottles, with DMEM supplemented with ten percent fetal bovine serum serving as the growth medium. The cells were infected with a multiplicity of infection of 0.01, and the vaccine was harvested when the cytopathic effect reached 80%. The vaccine was then freeze-dried to preserve its stability. A series of tests were conducted to ensure the safety and quality of the vaccine. Using PCR, the identity of vaccine was confirmed. It was found to be safe in both single and 100-times dose inoculations in sheep, with the produced batches showing a high titre of 6.4 ± 0.11 log10 TCID50/ml. All batches met the criteria of sterility, passing tests for bacteria, fungi, and mycoplasma. Furthermore, the vaccine proved effective in small ruminants, with antibodies persisting for over a year post-vaccination. The residual moisture content remained below 2.5%, and the vaccine successfully passed vacuum testing. Stability tests indicated that the vaccine has a shelf-life of at least one year when stored at temperatures of 2˚C - 8˚C and −20˚C. These results demonstrate the potential for applying roller bottle culture technology to PPR vaccine production, significantly streamlining the existing process and enhancing its efficiency. Further research is warranted to address the economic analyses of adopting roller bottle technology with existing PPR control program.
文摘Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) antibodies were studied in Sudanese sheep and goats (n = 855) before and after vaccination with a locally produced Nigeria 75/1 vaccine using a commercial competitive ELISA (cELISA) kit. Animals were kept healthy under field conditions, in four states: Blue Nile (n = 250), North Kordofan (n = 189), South Darfur (n = 225) and the Northern State (n = 191). Before vaccination, the overall sero-prevalence of PPRV antibodies was 54.6% (53.2% - 56%, 95% CI);high (64.8% - 76.4%, 95% CI) in Blue Nile State, medium (50.5% - 61.9%, 95% CI) in North Kordofan State and South Darfur State and low (28.6% - 35.2% 95%, CI) in Northern State. In high-risk areas (high sero-prevalence), Blue Nile (70.4%) and North Kordofan (57.7%), middle age groups (7 - 12 and 13 - 18 months) were identified as high-risk age. Middle age groups showed lower sero-prevalence than preceding (3 - 6 months) and subsequent (>18 months) age groups while the risk of exposure increased with age. Current and previous findings suggested a transmission pathway of PPRV involving the South Eastern border (Blue Nile) and neighbouring Central Sudan to North Kordofan. One month after vaccination 88.4% (343/388) of sero-negative animals were sero-converted suggesting the efficacy of the locally produced Nigeria 75/1 vaccine. Even if only individuals in the high-risk age group (7 - 18 months) were vaccinated, the overall population immunity (OPI) in high-risk areas (the Blue Nile and North Kordofan) would have surpassed the threshold of 70%, which is indicated for blocking PPRV transmission. However, lower vaccination coverage is expected in wider vaccination programmes. These findings primarily justified the targeting of PPR control in Sudan through the vaccination of high-risk age groups in high-risk areas.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the prevalence of early post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)among young and middle-aged patients who have suffered open globe injuries,and to identify the psychosocial factors influencing PTSD in these patients.METHODS:A total of 280 patients who underwent ocular trauma surgery between January 2023 and January 2024 were selected through convenience sampling.Data were collected using a custom-designed demographic questionnaire,the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CDRISC),the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire(C-ERRI),and the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version(PCL-C).Univariate analysis and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis were performed to determine the factors affecting PTSD in these patients.RESULTS:The average PTSD score for the patients was 33.22±13.48.The scores for individual PTSD dimensions,ranked from highest to lowest,were recurrent traumatic experiences,heightened arousal,avoidance reactions,and social dysfunction.Positive PTSD symptoms were observed in 85 patients(30.36%).Univariate analysis indicated that gender,postoperative vision,marital status,psychological resilience,and rumination were significant factors affecting PTSD symptoms(χ^(2)/t=6.53,17.88,8.83,2.17,and 14.1,respectively;all P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between rumination and PTSD symptoms(r=0.73,P<0.01)and a negative correlation between psychological resilience and PTSD symptoms(r=-0.14,P<0.05).Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis identified postoperative vision(notably eye removal),rumination levels,and psychological resilience(optimism)as major factors influencing PTSD in these patients(R^(2)=0.57,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:Young and middle-aged patients with open globe injuries have a high incidence of PTSD.Significant risk factors for early PTSD include primary enucleation,high levels of rumination,and low psychological resilience(optimism).Conversely,patients with good postoperative vision recovery,low rumination levels,and high levels of optimism are less likely to develop PTSD.Healthcare providers should pay special attention to patients who undergo primary enucleation,strive to reduce their rumination levels,and enhance their psychological resilience,thereby promoting a positive and optimistic attitude towards their condition and reducing the incidence of PTSD.
基金funded by the HiGa project,supported within the Green Era Hub call by the Green Development and Demonstration Programme,GUDP,under the Ministry of Food,Agriculture and Fisheries of Denmark,the Flanders Innovation&Entrepreneurship(VLAIO)the Italian Ministry of Agriculture,Food Sovereignty and Forests(CUP:D23 C23000570005).
文摘Background Scant information is currently available on the use of insect oils in ruminant diets.Insect oils could be used as alternatives to certain conventional plant lipid sources that are considered no longer sustainable.This trial aims at evaluating the effects of the dietary inclusion of Hermetia illucens oil(HIO)vs.hydrogenated palm fat(HPF)on digestive parameters,oxidative stress,and milk production performance of dairy cows.Results Twenty-six Valdostana Red Pied cows were randomly divided into two groups and fed with hay ad libitum and a concentrate containing 3%(as fed)of either HPF or HIO.The trial lasted 50 d,including two weeks of diet adaptation.Individual feed intake and milk yield were monitored three and four times a week,respectively.Fecal samples were collected at the end(d 50)of the trial to determine total-tract nutrients apparent digestibility.Individual blood samples were collected to evaluate blood plasma metabolites(d 0 and d 50)and oxidative stress parameters(d 0,d 26 and d 50).Milk samples were collected at d 0,d 14,d 26,d 38 and d 50 for chemical composition analysis.Feed efficiency was estimated through feed conversion ratio and residual feed intake(RFI).Data were analyzed by SAS software using a mixed model.The diet had no effect on nutrients intake and apparent total-tract digestibility.However,the dietary inclusion of HIO led to higher milk production(+0.82 kg/cow/d;P<0.05)and slightly lower RFI(−0.008;P<0.001)when compared to the HPF diet.Milk composition and the nutritional metabolic status of the cows remained unaffected by diet.Serum antioxidant capacity was comparable between the two groups,while lower derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolite concentrations were observed in the HIO-fed cows when compared to the HPF-fed ones(−37.13 Carratelli Units;P<0.001).Conclusions The dietary inclusion of HIO instead of HPF did not negatively affect feed palatability and total-tract apparent digestibility of nutrients in dairy cows.Furthermore,it increased feed efficiency by supporting a higher milk production together with an improved antioxidant status.The results suggest that HIO could be an eligible option as an innovative energy source for dairy cows.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0500108)the International S&T Cooperation Program of China(ISTCP)(2015DFA31300)。
文摘In 2013,peste des petits ruminants(PPR)re-emerged in China and spread to the majority of provinces across the country.The disease was effectively controlled through a vaccination campaign employing live attenuated vaccines,although sporadic cases still occurred.However,limited information is currently available regarding the peste des petits ruminants virus(PPRV)endemic in China.Here,a PPRV strain(HLJ/13)was isolated from a field sample in China using Vero cells expressing goat signalling lymphocyte activation molecule.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that HLJ/13 belonged to lineage IV.Subsequent intranasal and subcutaneous inoculation of goats with a dose of 2×10~6 TCID50of HLJ/13 resulted in the development of typical clinical symptoms of PPR,including pyrexia,ocular and nasal discharges,stomatitis,and diarrhea.All infected goats succumbed to the disease by day 8.To gain further insight,viral loading,pathological examination and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted,elucidating the main targets of HLJ/13 as the respiratory system,digestive tract and lymphoid organs.Employing the goat infection model established above,the goat poxvirus-vectored PPR vaccine,which was previously developed and could be used as DIVA(differentiating infected from vaccinated animals)vaccine,provided complete protection against the challenge of HLJ/13.It is important to note that this study represents the first comprehensive report delineating the biology and pathogenicity characterization,and infection model of PPRV isolated in China.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (TD2019C001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32002209)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (YQ2021C017)the Postdoctoral Foundation in Heilongjiang Province (LBHZ19005)the Academic Backbone Project of Northeast Agricultural UniversityHeilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program。
文摘With the prohibition of antibiotics in feed,plant functional substances have been widely studied as feed additives.Resveratrol,a natural stilbene,and a non-flavonoid polyphenol found in plants,possesses antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and metabolic regulatory features.Resveratrol generated intense scientific and public interest,primarily due to its widely reported ability to prevent cancer,delay aging and alleviate related metabolic diseases.Recently,resveratrol has been studied and applied as a feed additive in animal production.This review focuses on the outline of the absorption and metabolism and biological functions of resveratrol and summarizes the application of dietary resveratrol in animal production up to the present,including pigs,poultry,and ruminants.In pigs,dietary resveratrol improved intestinal health,mitochondrial function,meat quality,and more.In poultry,studies have shown that dietary resveratrol improves growth performance and meat and egg quality and alleviates heat stress induced adverse effects.There are few studies on dietary resveratrol in ruminants;however previous studies have indicated that dietary resveratrol increases nutrient digestibility and reduces methane emissions in sheep.It is hoped that this review could provide a specific theoretical basis and research ideas for the research and application of resveratrol.
