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Attribute Reduction of Neighborhood Rough Set Based on Discernment
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作者 Biqing Wang 《Journal of Electronic Research and Application》 2024年第1期80-85,共6页
For neighborhood rough set attribute reduction algorithms based on dependency degree,a neighborhood computation method incorporating attribute weight values and a neighborhood rough set attribute reduction algorithm u... For neighborhood rough set attribute reduction algorithms based on dependency degree,a neighborhood computation method incorporating attribute weight values and a neighborhood rough set attribute reduction algorithm using discernment as the heuristic information was proposed.The reduction algorithm comprehensively considers the dependency degree and neighborhood granulation degree of attributes,allowing for a more accurate measurement of the importance degrees of attributes.Example analyses and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm. 展开更多
关键词 Neighborhood rough set attribute reduction DISCERNMENT algorithm
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Cooperative extended rough attribute reduction algorithm based on improved PSO 被引量:10
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作者 Weiping Ding Jiandong Wang Zhijin Guan 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE EI CSCD 2012年第1期160-166,共7页
Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a new heuristic algorithm which has been applied to many optimization problems successfully. Attribute reduction is a key studying point of the rough set theory, and it has been ... Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a new heuristic algorithm which has been applied to many optimization problems successfully. Attribute reduction is a key studying point of the rough set theory, and it has been proven that computing minimal reduc- tion of decision tables is a non-derterministic polynomial (NP)-hard problem. A new cooperative extended attribute reduction algorithm named Co-PSAR based on improved PSO is proposed, in which the cooperative evolutionary strategy with suitable fitness func- tions is involved to learn a good hypothesis for accelerating the optimization of searching minimal attribute reduction. Experiments on Benchmark functions and University of California, Irvine (UCI) data sets, compared with other algorithms, verify the superiority of the Co-PSAR algorithm in terms of the convergence speed, efficiency and accuracy for the attribute reduction. 展开更多
关键词 rough set extended attribute reduction particle swarm optimization (PSO) cooperative evolutionary strategy fitness function.
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A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for Reduct of Attributes in Decision System Based on Rough Set Theory 被引量:6
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作者 Dai Jian\|hua 1,2 , Li Yuan\|xiang 1,2 ,Liu Qun 3 1. State Key Laboratory of Software Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei,China 2. School of Computer, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China 3. School of Computer Science, 《Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences》 CAS 2002年第3期285-289,共5页
Knowledge reduction is an important issue when dealing with huge amounts of data. And it has been proved that computing the minimal reduct of decision system is NP-complete. By introducing heuristic information into g... Knowledge reduction is an important issue when dealing with huge amounts of data. And it has been proved that computing the minimal reduct of decision system is NP-complete. By introducing heuristic information into genetic algorithm, we proposed a heuristic genetic algorithm. In the genetic algorithm, we constructed a new operator to maintaining the classification ability. The experiment shows that our algorithm is efficient and effective for minimal reduct, even for the special example that the simple heuristic algorithm can’t get the right result. 展开更多
关键词 rough set reduction genetic algorithm heuristic algorithm
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Improved Rough Set Algorithms for Optimal Attribute Reduct 被引量:1
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作者 C.Velayutham K.Thangavel 《Journal of Electronic Science and Technology》 CAS 2011年第2期108-117,共10页
Feature selection(FS) aims to determine a minimal feature(attribute) subset from a problem domain while retaining a suitably high accuracy in representing the original features. Rough set theory(RST) has been us... Feature selection(FS) aims to determine a minimal feature(attribute) subset from a problem domain while retaining a suitably high accuracy in representing the original features. Rough set theory(RST) has been used as such a tool with much success. RST enables the discovery of data dependencies and the reduction of the number of attributes contained in a dataset using the data alone,requiring no additional information. This paper describes the fundamental ideas behind RST-based approaches,reviews related FS methods built on these ideas,and analyses more frequently used RST-based traditional FS algorithms such as Quickreduct algorithm,entropy based reduct algorithm,and relative reduct algorithm. It is found that some of the drawbacks in the existing algorithms and our proposed improved algorithms can overcome these drawbacks. The experimental analyses have been carried out in order to achieve the efficiency of the proposed algorithms. 展开更多
关键词 Data mining entropy based reduct Quickreduct relative reduct rough set selection of attributes
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A Method of Attribute Reduction Based on Rough Set 被引量:3
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作者 李昌彪 宋建平 《Journal of Electronic Science and Technology of China》 2005年第3期234-237,共4页
The logging attribute optimization is an important task in the well-logging interpretation. A method of attribute reduction is presented based on rough set. Firstly, the core information of the sample by a general red... The logging attribute optimization is an important task in the well-logging interpretation. A method of attribute reduction is presented based on rough set. Firstly, the core information of the sample by a general reductive method is determined. Then, the significance of dispensable attribute in the reduction-table is calculated. Finally, the minimum relative reduction set is achieved. The typical calculation and quantitative computation of reservoir parameter in oil logging show that the method of attribute reduction is greatly effective and feasible in logging interpretation. 展开更多
关键词 rough set attribute reduction quantitative computation oil logging interpretation
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An Innovative Approach for Attribute Reduction in Rough Set Theory
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作者 Alex Sandro Aguiar Pessoa Stephan Stephany 《Intelligent Information Management》 2014年第5期223-239,共17页
The Rough Sets Theory is used in data mining with emphasis on the treatment of uncertain or vague information. In the case of classification, this theory implicitly calculates reducts of the full set of attributes, el... The Rough Sets Theory is used in data mining with emphasis on the treatment of uncertain or vague information. In the case of classification, this theory implicitly calculates reducts of the full set of attributes, eliminating those that are redundant or meaningless. Such reducts may even serve as input to other classifiers other than Rough Sets. The typical high dimensionality of current databases precludes the use of greedy methods to find optimal or suboptimal reducts in the search space and requires the use of stochastic methods. In this context, the calculation of reducts is typically performed by a genetic algorithm, but other metaheuristics have been proposed with better performance. This work proposes the innovative use of two known metaheuristics for this calculation, the Variable Neighborhood Search, the Variable Neighborhood Descent, besides a third heuristic called Decrescent Cardinality Search. The last one is a new heuristic specifically proposed for reduct calculation. Considering some databases commonly found in the literature of the area, the reducts that have been obtained present lower cardinality, i.e., a lower number of attributes. 展开更多
关键词 rough set Theory REDUCTS attribute reduction Metaheuristics
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Two-Layer Information Granulation:Mapping-Equivalence Neighborhood Rough Set and Its Attribute Reduction
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作者 Changshun Liu Yan Liu +1 位作者 Jingjing Song Taihua Xu 《Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing》 SCIE 2023年第8期2059-2075,共17页
Attribute reduction,as one of the essential applications of the rough set,has attracted extensive attention from scholars.Information granulation is a key step of attribute reduction,and its efficiency has a significa... Attribute reduction,as one of the essential applications of the rough set,has attracted extensive attention from scholars.Information granulation is a key step of attribute reduction,and its efficiency has a significant impact on the overall efficiency of attribute reduction.The information granulation of the existing neighborhood rough set models is usually a single layer,and the construction of each information granule needs to search all the samples in the universe,which is inefficient.To fill such gap,a new neighborhood rough set model is proposed,which aims to improve the efficiency of attribute reduction by means of two-layer information granulation.The first layer of information granulation constructs a mapping-equivalence relation that divides the universe into multiple mutually independent mapping-equivalence classes.The second layer of information granulation views each mapping-equivalence class as a sub-universe and then performs neighborhood informa-tion granulation.A model named mapping-equivalence neighborhood rough set model is derived from the strategy of two-layer information granulation.Experimental results show that compared with other neighborhood rough set models,this model can effectively improve the efficiency of attribute reduction and reduce the uncertainty of the system.The strategy provides a new thinking for the exploration of neighborhood rough set models and the study of attribute reduction acceleration problems. 展开更多
关键词 attribute reduction information granulation mapping-equiva-lence relation neighborhood rough set
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A Neighborhood Rough Set Attribute Reduction Method Based on Attribute Importance
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作者 Peiyu Su Feng Qin Fu Li 《American Journal of Computational Mathematics》 2023年第4期578-593,共16页
Attribute reduction is a hot topic in rough set research. As an extension of rough sets, neighborhood rough sets can effectively solve the problem of information loss after data discretization. However, traditional gr... Attribute reduction is a hot topic in rough set research. As an extension of rough sets, neighborhood rough sets can effectively solve the problem of information loss after data discretization. However, traditional greedy-based neighborhood rough set attribute reduction algorithms have a high computational complexity and long processing time. In this paper, a novel attribute reduction algorithm based on attribute importance is proposed. By using conditional information, the attribute reduction problem in neighborhood rough sets is discussed, and the importance of attributes is measured by conditional information gain. The algorithm iteratively removes the attribute with the lowest importance, thus achieving the goal of attribute reduction. Six groups of UCI datasets are selected, and the proposed algorithm SAR is compared with L<sub>2</sub>-ELM, LapTELM, CTSVM, and TBSVM classifiers. The results demonstrate that SAR can effectively improve the time consumption and accuracy issues in attribute reduction. 展开更多
关键词 rough sets attribute Importance attribute reduction
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Attribute Reduction of Hybrid Decision Information Systems Based on Fuzzy Conditional Information Entropy 被引量:2
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作者 Xiaoqin Ma Jun Wang +1 位作者 Wenchang Yu Qinli Zhang 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第5期2063-2083,共21页
The presence of numerous uncertainties in hybrid decision information systems(HDISs)renders attribute reduction a formidable task.Currently available attribute reduction algorithms,including those based on Pawlak attr... The presence of numerous uncertainties in hybrid decision information systems(HDISs)renders attribute reduction a formidable task.Currently available attribute reduction algorithms,including those based on Pawlak attribute importance,Skowron discernibility matrix,and information entropy,struggle to effectively manages multiple uncertainties simultaneously in HDISs like the precise measurement of disparities between nominal attribute values,and attributes with fuzzy boundaries and abnormal values.In order to address the aforementioned issues,this paper delves into the study of attribute reduction withinHDISs.First of all,a novel metric based on the decision attribute is introduced to solve the problem of accurately measuring the differences between nominal attribute values.The newly introduced distance metric has been christened the supervised distance that can effectively quantify the differences between the nominal attribute values.Then,based on the newly developed metric,a novel fuzzy relationship is defined from the perspective of“feedback on parity of attribute values to attribute sets”.This new fuzzy relationship serves as a valuable tool in addressing the challenges posed by abnormal attribute values.Furthermore,leveraging the newly introduced fuzzy relationship,the fuzzy conditional information entropy is defined as a solution to the challenges posed by fuzzy attributes.It effectively quantifies the uncertainty associated with fuzzy attribute values,thereby providing a robust framework for handling fuzzy information in hybrid information systems.Finally,an algorithm for attribute reduction utilizing the fuzzy conditional information entropy is presented.The experimental results on 12 datasets show that the average reduction rate of our algorithm reaches 84.04%,and the classification accuracy is improved by 3.91%compared to the original dataset,and by an average of 11.25%compared to the other 9 state-of-the-art reduction algorithms.The comprehensive analysis of these research results clearly indicates that our algorithm is highly effective in managing the intricate uncertainties inherent in hybrid data. 展开更多
关键词 Hybrid decision information systems fuzzy conditional information entropy attribute reduction fuzzy relationship rough set theory(RST)
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Attribute Reduction on Decision Tables Based on Hausdorff Topology
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作者 Nguyen Long Giang Tran Thanh Dai +3 位作者 Le Hoang Son Tran Thi Ngan Nguyen Nhu Son Cu Nguyen Giap 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第11期3097-3124,共28页
Attribute reduction through the combined approach of Rough Sets(RS)and algebraic topology is an open research topic with significant potential for applications.Several research works have introduced a strong relations... Attribute reduction through the combined approach of Rough Sets(RS)and algebraic topology is an open research topic with significant potential for applications.Several research works have introduced a strong relationship between RS and topology spaces for the attribute reduction problem.However,the mentioned recent methods followed a strategy to construct a new measure for attribute selection.Meanwhile,the strategy for searching for the reduct is still to select each attribute and gradually add it to the reduct.Consequently,those methods tended to be inefficient for high-dimensional datasets.To overcome these challenges,we use the separability property of Hausdorff topology to quickly identify distinguishable attributes,this approach significantly reduces the time for the attribute filtering stage of the algorithm.In addition,we propose the concept of Hausdorff topological homomorphism to construct candidate reducts,this method significantly reduces the number of candidate reducts for the wrapper stage of the algorithm.These are the two main stages that have the most effect on reducing computing time for the attribute reduction of the proposed algorithm,which we call the Cluster Filter Wrapper algorithm based on Hausdorff Topology.Experimental validation on the UCI Machine Learning Repository Data shows that the proposed method achieves efficiency in both the execution time and the size of the reduct. 展开更多
关键词 Hausdorff topology rough sets topology from rough sets attribute reduction
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Unsupervised Quick Reduct Algorithm Using Rough Set Theory 被引量:2
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作者 C. Velayutham K. Thangavel 《Journal of Electronic Science and Technology》 CAS 2011年第3期193-201,共9页
Feature selection (FS) is a process to select features which are more informative. It is one of the important steps in knowledge discovery. The problem is that not all features are important. Some of the features ma... Feature selection (FS) is a process to select features which are more informative. It is one of the important steps in knowledge discovery. The problem is that not all features are important. Some of the features may be redundant, and others may be irrelevant and noisy. The conventional supervised FS methods evaluate various feature subsets using an evaluation function or metric to select only those features which are related to the decision classes of the data under consideration. However, for many data mining applications, decision class labels are often unknown or incomplete, thus indicating the significance of unsupervised feature selection. However, in unsupervised learning, decision class labels are not provided. In this paper, we propose a new unsupervised quick reduct (QR) algorithm using rough set theory. The quality of the reduced data is measured by the classification performance and it is evaluated using WEKA classifier tool. The method is compared with existing supervised methods and the result demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. 展开更多
关键词 Index Terms--Data mining rough set supervised and unsupervised feature selection unsupervised quick reduct algorithm.
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New Attribute Reduction Algorithm on Fuzzy Decision Table
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作者 Hao-Dong Zhu Hong-Chan Li 《Journal of Electronic Science and Technology》 CAS 2011年第2期103-107,共5页
Classical rough set has a limited processing capacity in fuzzy decision table. Combining fuzzy set with classical rough set,attribute reduction algorithm on fuzzy decision table is studied. First,new similarity degree... Classical rough set has a limited processing capacity in fuzzy decision table. Combining fuzzy set with classical rough set,attribute reduction algorithm on fuzzy decision table is studied. First,new similarity degree and new similarity category are defined. In the meantime,similarity category clusters which are divided by condition attribute are provided. And then,two theorems are presented. Subsequently,a new attribute reduction algorithm is proposed. Finally,the new attribute reduction algorithm is verified through a performance evaluation decision table of the self-repairing flight-control system. The result shows the proposed attribute reduction algorithm is able to deal with fuzzy decision table to a certain extent. 展开更多
关键词 attribute reduction fuzzy set rough set similarity category
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Fault Attribute Reduction of Oil Immersed Transformer Based on Improved Imperialist Competitive Algorithm
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作者 Li Bian Hui He +1 位作者 Hongna Sun Wenjing Liu 《Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series)》 EI CAS 2020年第6期83-90,共8页
The original fault data of oil immersed transformer often contains a large number of unnecessary attributes,which greatly increases the elapsed time of the algorithm and reduces the classification accuracy,leading to ... The original fault data of oil immersed transformer often contains a large number of unnecessary attributes,which greatly increases the elapsed time of the algorithm and reduces the classification accuracy,leading to the rise of the diagnosis error rate.Therefore,in order to obtain high quality oil immersed transformer fault attribute data sets,an improved imperialist competitive algorithm was proposed to optimize the rough set to discretize the original fault data set and the attribute reduction.The feasibility of the proposed algorithm was verified by experiments and compared with other intelligent algorithms.Results show that the algorithm was stable at the 27th iteration with a reduction rate of 56.25%and a reduction accuracy of 98%.By using BP neural network to classify the reduction results,the accuracy was 86.25%,and the overall effect was better than those of the original data and other algorithms.Hence,the proposed method is effective for fault attribute reduction of oil immersed transformer. 展开更多
关键词 transformer fault improved imperialist competitive algorithm rough set attribute reduction BP neural network
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Variable precision rough set for multiple decision attribute analysis
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作者 Lai Kin Keung 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2008年第S1期1-6,共6页
A variable precision rough set (VPRS) model is used to solve the multi-attribute decision analysis (MADA) problem with multiple conflicting decision attributes and multiple condition attributes. By introducing confide... A variable precision rough set (VPRS) model is used to solve the multi-attribute decision analysis (MADA) problem with multiple conflicting decision attributes and multiple condition attributes. By introducing confidence measures and a β-reduct, the VPRS model can rationally solve the conflicting decision analysis problem with multiple decision attributes and multiple condition attributes. For illustration, a medical diagnosis example is utilized to show the feasibility of the VPRS model in solving the MADA problem with multiple decision attributes and multiple condition attributes. Empirical results show that the decision rule with the highest confidence measures will be used as the final decision rules in the MADA problem with multiple conflicting decision attributes and multiple condition attributes if there are some conflicts among decision rules resulting from multiple decision attributes. The confidence-measure-based VPRS model can effectively solve the conflicts of decision rules from multiple decision attributes and thus a class of MADA problem with multiple conflicting decision attributes and multiple condition attributes are solved. 展开更多
关键词 variable precision rough set multiple attributes decision making multiple decision attributes β-reduct confidence measure
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一种基于Rough Set理论的属性约简及规则提取方法 被引量:285
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作者 常犁云 263.net +3 位作者 王国胤 263.net 吴渝 263.net 《软件学报》 EI CSCD 北大核心 1999年第11期1206-1211,共6页
该文针对RoughSet理论中属性约简和值约简这两个重要问题进行了研究,提出了一种借助于可辨识矩阵(discernibilitymatrix)和数学逻辑运算得到最佳属性约简的新方法.同时,借助该矩阵还可以方便地构造基于RoushSet理论的多变量决策树... 该文针对RoughSet理论中属性约简和值约简这两个重要问题进行了研究,提出了一种借助于可辨识矩阵(discernibilitymatrix)和数学逻辑运算得到最佳属性约简的新方法.同时,借助该矩阵还可以方便地构造基于RoushSet理论的多变量决策树.另外,对目前广泛采用的一种值约简策略进行了改进,最终使得到的规则进一步简化. 展开更多
关键词 roughset理论 属性约简 规则提取 数据库系统
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基于Rough set理论的无线传感器网络节点故障诊断 被引量:23
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作者 雷霖 代传龙 王厚军 《北京邮电大学学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2007年第4期69-73,共5页
提出了一种无线传感器网络(WSN)节点故障诊断的新方法,首先基于粗糙集理论中改进的可辨识矩阵算法得到故障诊断决策的属性约简;然后通过属性匹配的故障分类算法,建立一套WSN节点故障诊断方法,对WSN节点的各个模块分别进行具体的故障诊... 提出了一种无线传感器网络(WSN)节点故障诊断的新方法,首先基于粗糙集理论中改进的可辨识矩阵算法得到故障诊断决策的属性约简;然后通过属性匹配的故障分类算法,建立一套WSN节点故障诊断方法,对WSN节点的各个模块分别进行具体的故障诊断和定位.仿真实验表明,该方法在WSN节点故障诊断时通信代价小、能量消耗低、诊断准确率高,因而具有在能量有限的WSN节点中应用的可能性. 展开更多
关键词 故障诊断 无线传感器网络 粗糙集理论 可辨识矩阵 属性约简
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基于Rough Set的高维特征选择混合遗传算法研究 被引量:5
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作者 周涛 陆惠玲 +1 位作者 张艳宁 马苗 《南京大学学报(自然科学版)》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2015年第4期880-893,共14页
遗传算法是求解粗糙集最小约简这个NP-hard问题的一种有效方法,适应度函数的构造是其中的关键问题.针对这个问题,提出一个基于粗糙集的高维特征选择混合遗传算法(HGA-RS),算法从粗糙集的代数和信息熵两个角度出发,综合考虑约简集中属性... 遗传算法是求解粗糙集最小约简这个NP-hard问题的一种有效方法,适应度函数的构造是其中的关键问题.针对这个问题,提出一个基于粗糙集的高维特征选择混合遗传算法(HGA-RS),算法从粗糙集的代数和信息熵两个角度出发,综合考虑约简集中属性的数目、染色体编码、基因取值、属性重要度、属性依赖度、属性相关度等因素,提出一个通用的适应度函数混合构造框架,通过调节各个因素的权重系数来实现不同适应度函数.最后通过提取MRI前列腺肿瘤ROI的102维特征构建前列腺肿瘤患者的决策信息表,通过4组实验对高维特征进行选择,并用神经网络对约简后的样本集进行识别来验证不同参数对识别精度的影响程度,实验结果表明算法是有效的,但是不同参数对结果影响较大,针对不同的问题,应该采用合适的参数组合,以得到较好的识别精度. 展开更多
关键词 粗糙集 特征约简 遗传算法 属性依赖度 属性重要度
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Rough Set规则自动生成的关键算法改进 被引量:2
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作者 赵荣泳 张浩 +2 位作者 李翠玲 樊留群 王骏 《计算机工程与应用》 CSCD 北大核心 2005年第13期32-35,共4页
基于RoughSet理论,研究从Skrowon分辨矩阵到规则自动生成过程中的关键算法的改进问题。提出由分辨矩阵到合取项矩阵的计算方法,建立了从属性约简的合取项矩阵到析取项矩阵转换的数学模型,基于数学模型,提出直接搜索的转换方法。同时,提... 基于RoughSet理论,研究从Skrowon分辨矩阵到规则自动生成过程中的关键算法的改进问题。提出由分辨矩阵到合取项矩阵的计算方法,建立了从属性约简的合取项矩阵到析取项矩阵转换的数学模型,基于数学模型,提出直接搜索的转换方法。同时,提出了属性值约简的改进方法,使得改进后的算法从总体上节省了运算空间,降低了算法的时间复杂性,提高了规则生成的效率。最后通过UCI数据库的实例验证了改进算法的有效性。 展开更多
关键词 粗糙集 属性约简 析取范式 模型
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一种基于Rough Set的启发式属性约简算法 被引量:4
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作者 王天江 晏伟峰 漆志旺 《计算机工程与科学》 CSCD 2007年第2期86-88,共3页
属性约简的目的在于减少条件属性中不必要属性的数目,是知识发现中的关键问题之一。本文提出了一种改进的基于Rough集的启发式算法(IMSA),定义了新的启发函数(WSH)。这个函数考虑了所有隐藏规则集的质量,并且考虑了相关规则集的权重。... 属性约简的目的在于减少条件属性中不必要属性的数目,是知识发现中的关键问题之一。本文提出了一种改进的基于Rough集的启发式算法(IMSA),定义了新的启发函数(WSH)。这个函数考虑了所有隐藏规则集的质量,并且考虑了相关规则集的权重。在算法本身的时间复杂度没有增加的前提下,能够解决MSA算法遇到多个相同MSH值时无法处理的情况。实验分析表明,该算法是有效的。 展开更多
关键词 粗糙集 属性约简 启发函数
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基于Rough Sets的中医指症挖掘研究与应用 被引量:2
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作者 丁卫平 管致锦 顾春华 《计算机工程与应用》 CSCD 北大核心 2008年第7期234-237,共4页
针对中医病历数据库中指症样本维数较大、数据特征和属性冗余量较多等特征,在对Rough Sets基本理论和属性约简算法研究的基础上,提出了将属性频度和属性重要性相结合的GENRED_GROWTH中医指症挖掘算法,并进行了基于GENRED_GROWTH的中医... 针对中医病历数据库中指症样本维数较大、数据特征和属性冗余量较多等特征,在对Rough Sets基本理论和属性约简算法研究的基础上,提出了将属性频度和属性重要性相结合的GENRED_GROWTH中医指症挖掘算法,并进行了基于GENRED_GROWTH的中医指症挖掘原型系统设计与实现。通过分析和实验结果表明:该算法能较好地进行中医指症属性约简,分类精度较高,并且能抽取中医指症相关诊断规则以辅助医生的诊断和治疗。 展开更多
关键词 rough setS 属性约简 中医指症 数据挖掘
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