Consistent mechanical and machining properties are essential in many applications where ductile irons offer the most cost-effective way to produce structural parts.In the production of hydraulic rotators,dimensional t...Consistent mechanical and machining properties are essential in many applications where ductile irons offer the most cost-effective way to produce structural parts.In the production of hydraulic rotators,dimensional tolerances are typically 20μm to obtain designated performance.For castings where intermediate strength and ductility is required,it is common knowledge that conventional ferritic-pearlitic ductile irons such as ISO 1083/500-7 show large hardness variations.These are mainly caused by the notoriously varying pearlite content,both at different locations within a part and between parts in the same or different batches.Cooling rate variations due to different wall thickness and position in the molding box,as well as varying amounts of pearlite-stabilizing elements,all contribute to detrimental hardness variations.The obvious remedy is to avoid pearlite formation,and instead obtain the necessary mechanical properties by solution strengthening of the ferritic matrix by increasing silicon content to 3.7wt%-3.8wt%.The Swedish development in this field 1998 resulted in a national standardization as SS 140725,followed in 2004 by ISO 1083/ JS/500-10.Indexator AB decided 2005 to specify JS/500-10 for all new ductile iron parts and to convert all existing parts.Improvements include reduction by 75%in hardness variations and increase by 30%in cutting tool life,combined with consistently better mechanical properties.展开更多
Spiral polarization rotators, rotating polarization ellipse axes clockwise or counterclockwise, depending on the azimuth angle in the transverse plane, are considered. It is shown that spiral polarization rotators lea...Spiral polarization rotators, rotating polarization ellipse axes clockwise or counterclockwise, depending on the azimuth angle in the transverse plane, are considered. It is shown that spiral polarization rotators lead to a change in the order of optical vortices with circular polarization. A comparative analysis of spiral rotators of two types (polar and non-polar) is carried out, using a mirror that allows light to pass in the opposite direction through the rotator. The effect of spiral rotators on optical vortices in a resonator is studied. It is shown that spiral rotators can preserve or accumulate changes of the vortex order during the passage of the beam in both directions. The properties of the spiral rotator and the cube-corner reflector with a special phase-correcting coating, as a diffractive polarization-optical element, are compared.展开更多
BACKGROUND The optimal surgical approach for patients with primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis(GHOA)and an intact rotator cuff remains debated.While anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty(TSA)has traditionally been favo...BACKGROUND The optimal surgical approach for patients with primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis(GHOA)and an intact rotator cuff remains debated.While anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty(TSA)has traditionally been favoured,reverse TSA(RTSA)is increasingly utilized.AIM To systematically compare the outcomes of RTSA and TSA in this specific patient population.METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.Retrospective comparative studies evaluating RTSA and TSA in patients with GHOA and intact rotator cuff were included.Key outcomes assessed included complication and reoperation rates,patient-reported outcome measures(PROMs),and range of motion.Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool.RESULTS Twelve studies encompassing 1608 patients(580 RTSA,1028 TSA)met inclusion criteria.RTSA was associated with a lower reoperation rate compared to TSA[odds ratio=0.37;95%confidence interval(CI):0.14-0.94;P value=0.04],while no significant difference in overall complication rates was observed(odds ratio=0.47;95%CI:0.19-1.16;P value=0.10).RTSA patients showed superior outcomes in University of California Los Angeles,Simple Shoulder Test,and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index scores;however,the differences did not exceed the minimal clinically important difference.TSA patients had significantly better external rotation(mean difference=-9.0°;95%CI:-13.21 to-5.02;P value<0.0001).No significant differences were found in other range of motion measures or satisfaction scores.The overall methodological quality of included studies was moderate to serious.CONCLUSION In patients with GHOA and an intact rotator cuff,RTSA may offer comparable or improved outcomes to TSA with lower reoperation rates and similar complication profiles.Functional outcomes favour RTSA in certain patientreported outcome measures,while TSA retains an advantage in external rotation.Surgical decision-making should remain individualized based on patient characteristics and functional demands.展开更多
High-performance ultra-compact polarization splitter-rotators(PSRs)are designed and experimentally demonstrated,using dual etching and a tapered asymmetrical directional coupler.First,two novel PSRs are designed with ...High-performance ultra-compact polarization splitter-rotators(PSRs)are designed and experimentally demonstrated,using dual etching and a tapered asymmetrical directional coupler.First,two novel PSRs are designed with nanowire and subwavelength grating cross-port waveguides and verified in simulations.Then,one of the two PSRs is fabricated.Experiment results reveal that the extinction ratio is higher than 28 dB or 32 dB at 1550 nm for the launched fundamental transverse magnetic or the transverse electric modes,while the corresponding insertion loss and polarization conversion loss are 0.33 dB and 0.18 dB,respectively.展开更多
A ferroelectric liquid crystal polarization rotator(FLCPR)has been widely used in polarization measurement due to its fast and stable modulation characteristics.The accurate characterization of the modulation performa...A ferroelectric liquid crystal polarization rotator(FLCPR)has been widely used in polarization measurement due to its fast and stable modulation characteristics.The accurate characterization of the modulation performance of FLCPR directly affects the measurement accuracy of the instrument based on liquid crystal modulation.In this study,FLCPR is accurately characterized using a self-developed high-speed Stokes polarimeter.Strong linear and weak circular birefringence are observed during modulation processes,and all the optical parameters of FLCPR are dependent on driving voltage.A dual FLCPR-based Mueller matrix polarimeter is designed on the basis of the Stokes polarimeter.The designed polarimeter combines the advantages of the high modulation frequency of FLCPR and the ultrahigh temporal resolution of the fast polarization measurement system in the Stokes polarimeter.The optimal configuration of the designed polarizer is predicted in accordance with singular value decomposition.A simulated thickness measurement of a 24 nm standard SiO2 thin film is performed using the optimal configuration.Results show that the relative error in thickness measurement caused by using the unsatisfactory modulation characteristics of FLCPR reaches up to−4.34%.This finding demonstrates the importance of the accurate characterization of FLCPR in developing a Mueller matrix polarizer.展开更多
Purpose Longitudinal polarization is an important design aspect of the future 100 km-scale Circular Electron Position Collider(CEPC).Spin rotators are needed in the CEPC collider rings to make the beam polarization al...Purpose Longitudinal polarization is an important design aspect of the future 100 km-scale Circular Electron Position Collider(CEPC).Spin rotators are needed in the CEPC collider rings to make the beam polarization along the longitudinal direction at the interaction points(IPs).This paper focuses on the design of spin rotators for CEPC at the Z-pole(45.6 GeV).Methods The design of spin rotators in the CEPC at the Z-pole is based on solenoidmagnets and horizontal bending magnets sections.The coupling of transverse motion introduced by solenoids is compensated with quadrupole lenses.Adjustments have been made to the layout to implement the spin rotators into the collider rings.Results Longitudinal polarized beam can be achieved at the IPs with the spin rotators.High degree of polarization is attainable,while the effect of spin rotators on orbital motion is acceptable.The detailed simulation results will be presented.Conclusion A solenoid-based spin rotator configuration is designed and integrated into the CEPC collider ring lattice.According to the simulation results,the polarization requirements can be satisfied.展开更多
Multi-photon lithography has emerged as a powerful tool for photonic integration,allowing to complement planar photonic circuits by 3D-printed freeform structures such as waveguides or micro-optical elements.These str...Multi-photon lithography has emerged as a powerful tool for photonic integration,allowing to complement planar photonic circuits by 3D-printed freeform structures such as waveguides or micro-optical elements.These structures can be fabricated with a high precision on the facets of optical devices and enable highly efficient package-level chip-chip connections in photonic assemblies.However,plain light transport and efficient coupling is far from exploiting the full geometrical design freedom offered by 3D laser lithography.Here,we extended the functionality of 3D-printed optical structures to manipulation of optical polarisation states.We demonstrate compact ultra-broadband polarisation beam splitters(PBSs)that can be combined with polarisation rotators and mode-field adapters into a monolithic 3D-printed structure,fabricated directly on the facets of optical devices.In a proof-of-concept experiment,we demonstrate measured polarisation extinction ratios beyond 11 dB over a bandwidth of 350 nm at near-infrared telecommunication wavelengths around 1550 nm.We demonstrate the viability of the device by receiving a 640 Gbit/s dual-polarisation data signal using 16-state quadrature amplitude modulation(16QAM),without any measurable optical-signal-to-noise-ratio penalty compared to a commercial PBS.展开更多
Global food production faces enormous challenges in increasing yields while promoting environmental sustainability.A field experiments in the ecotone between the Yangtze River Basin and the HuangHuai-Hai Plain evaluat...Global food production faces enormous challenges in increasing yields while promoting environmental sustainability.A field experiments in the ecotone between the Yangtze River Basin and the HuangHuai-Hai Plain evaluated the effects of changing preceding crop rotation cycles(wheat and rapeseed)on long-term wheat-rice(W)and rapeseed-rice(R)rotation systems.A comprehensive evaluation of crop rotation systems was conducted using life cycle assessment,considering productivity,economic benefits,carbon footprint(CF),and soil health.Compared with fallow-rice rotation(F),alternating rapeseed and wheat rotations increased equivalent yield by 60.4%-82.2%,reduced CF by 0.3%-5.7%,and improved soil health by 0.3%-47.5%.Additionally,adding rapeseed to rotations increased soil nutrient content and raised soil organic carbon stocks by 31.3%-40.5%.The 3R rotation(3-year rapeseed-rice and 1-year wheat-rice)boosted rice yield by 82.2%and annual economic benefits by 84.4%,offering an effective model for optimizing long-term R rotations.Similarly,the 2W rotation(2-year wheat-rice and 1-year rapeseed rice)enhanced rice yield by 70.0% and annual economic benefits by 65.9%,providing a successful example for optimizing long-term W rotations.The 3R rapeseed-based rotation and the 2W wheatbased rotation demonstrated good environmental sustainability.These rotation systems have broad potential in sustainable intensive farming,especially in China and similar regions.展开更多
Dislocations and disclinations are fundamental topological defects within crystals,which determine the mechanical properties of metals and alloys.Despite their important roles in multiple physical mechanisms,e.g.,dyna...Dislocations and disclinations are fundamental topological defects within crystals,which determine the mechanical properties of metals and alloys.Despite their important roles in multiple physical mechanisms,e.g.,dynamic recovery and grain boundary mediated plasticity,the intrinsic coupling and correlation between disclinations and dislocations,and their impacts on the deformation behavior of metallic materials still remain obscure,partially due to the lack of a theoretical tool to capture the rotational nature of disclinations.By using a Lie-algebra-based theoretical framework,we obtain a general equation to quantify the intrinsic coupling of disclinations and dislocations.Through quasi in-situ electron backscatter diffraction characterizations and disclination/dislocation density analyses in Mg alloys,the generation,coevolution and reactions of disclinations and dislocations during dynamic recovery and superplastic deformation have been quantitatively analyzed.It has been demonstrated that the obtained governing equation can capture multiple physical processes associated with mechanical deformation of metals,e.g.,grain rotation and grain boundary migration,at both room temperature and high temperature.By establishing the disclination-dislocation coupling equation within a Lie algebra description,our work provides new insights for exploring the coevolution and reaction of disclinations/dislocations,with profound implications for elucidating the microstructure-property relationship and underlying deformation mechanisms in metallic materials.展开更多
Management of patients with acute hemorrhage requires addressing the source of bleeding,replenishing blood volume,and addressing any coagulopathy that may be present.Assessing coagulopathy and predicting blood require...Management of patients with acute hemorrhage requires addressing the source of bleeding,replenishing blood volume,and addressing any coagulopathy that may be present.Assessing coagulopathy and predicting blood requirements in real-time in patients experiencing ongoing bleeding can pose substantial challenges.In these patients,transfusion concepts based on ratios do not effectively address coagulopathy or reduce mortality.Moreover,ratio-based concepts do not stop bleeding;instead,they just give physicians more time to identify the bleeding source and plan management strategies.In clinical practice,standard laboratory coagulation tests(SLCT)are frequently used to assess various aspects of blood clotting.However,these tests may not always offer a comprehensive under-standing of clinically significant coagulopathy and the severity of blood loss.Furthermore,the SLCT have a considerable turnaround time,which may not be ideal for making prompt clinical decisions.In recent years,there has been a growing interest in point-of-care viscoelastic assays like rotational thromboelast-ometry,which provide real-time,dynamic information about clot formation and dissolution.展开更多
1.Introduction.Cold Spray(CS)is a highly advanced solid-state metal depo-sition process that was first developed in the 1980s.This innovative technique involves the high-speed(300-1200 m/s)impact deposition of micron-...1.Introduction.Cold Spray(CS)is a highly advanced solid-state metal depo-sition process that was first developed in the 1980s.This innovative technique involves the high-speed(300-1200 m/s)impact deposition of micron-sized particles(5-50μm)to fabricate coatings[1-3].CS has been extensively used in a variety of coating applications,such as aerospace,automotive,energy,medical,marine,and others,to provide protection against high temperatures,corrosion,erosion,oxidation,and chemicals[4,5].Nowadays,the technical interest in CS is twofold:(i)as a repair process for damaged components,and(ii)as a solid-state additive manufacturing process.Compared to other fusion-based additive manufacturing(AM)technologies,Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing(CSAM)is a new member of the AM family that can enable the fabrication of deposits without undergoing melting.The chemical composition has been largely preserved from the powder to the deposit due to the minimal oxidation.The significant advantages of CSAM over other additive manufacturing processes include a high production rate,unlimited deposition size,high flexibility,and suitability for repairing damaged parts.展开更多
Electrical energy can be harvested from the rotational kinetic energy of moving bodies,consisting of both mechanical and kinetic energy as a potential power source through electromagnetic induction,similar to wind ene...Electrical energy can be harvested from the rotational kinetic energy of moving bodies,consisting of both mechanical and kinetic energy as a potential power source through electromagnetic induction,similar to wind energy applications.In industries,rotational bodies are commonly present in operations,yet this kinetic energy remains untapped.This research explores the energy generation characteristics of two rotational body types,disk-shaped and cylinder-shaped under specific experimental setups.The hardware setup included a direct current(DC)motor driver,power supply,DC generator,mechanical support,and load resistance,while the software setup involved automation testing tools and data logging.Electromagnetic induction was used to harvest energy,and experiments were conducted at room temperature(25℃)with controlled variables like speed and friction.Results showed the disk-shaped body exhibited higher energy efficiency than the cylinder-shaped body,largely due to lower mechanical losses.The disk required only two bearings,while the cylinder required four,resulting in lower bearing losses for the disk.Additionally,the disk experienced only air friction,whereas the cylinder encountered friction from a soft,uneven rubber material,increasing surface contact losses.Under a 40 W resistive load,the disk demonstrated a 17.1%energy loss due to mechanical friction,achieving up to 15.55 J of recycled energy.Conversely,the cylinder body experienced a 48.05%energy loss,delivering only 51.95%of energy to the load.These insights suggest significant potential for designing efficient energy recycling systems in industrial settings,particularly in manufacturing and processing industries where rotational machinery is prevalent.Despite its lower energy density,this system could be beneficially integrated with energy storage solutions,enhancing sustainability in industrial practices.展开更多
This letter compares the clinical efficacy and economic feasibility of the scoliocorrector fatma-UI(SCFUI)with direct vertebral rotation(DVR)in treating adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS).SCFUI has shown promising r...This letter compares the clinical efficacy and economic feasibility of the scoliocorrector fatma-UI(SCFUI)with direct vertebral rotation(DVR)in treating adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS).SCFUI has shown promising results in threedimensional spinal correction,providing superior rotational alignment compared to DVR and achieving significant improvements in coronal and sagittal planes.Additionally,SCFUI’s advanced design reduces risks associated with AIS surgeries and enhances overall patient outcomes.Economic analysis reveals SCFUI as a cost-effective option,potentially lowering long-term healthcare costs by minimizing complications and revisions.Our findings suggest that SCFUI is a viable,innovative approach in AIS treatment,meeting clinical and economic demands in orthopedic care.展开更多
Osteoporosis is a known risk factor for rotator cuff tears(RCTs),but the causal correlation and underlying mechanisms remain unclear.This study aims to evaluate the impact of osteoporosis on RCT risk and investigate t...Osteoporosis is a known risk factor for rotator cuff tears(RCTs),but the causal correlation and underlying mechanisms remain unclear.This study aims to evaluate the impact of osteoporosis on RCT risk and investigate their genetic associations.Using data from the UK Biobank(n=457871),cross-sectional analyses demonstrated that osteoporosis was significantly associated with an increased risk of RCTs(adjusted OR[95%CI]=1.38[1.25–1.52]).A longitudinal analysis of a subset of patients(n=268117)over 11 years revealed that osteoporosis increased the risk of RCTs(adjusted HR[95%CI]=1.56[1.29–1.87]),which is notably varied between sexes in sex-stratified analysis.Causal inference methods,including propensity score matching,inverse probability weighting,causal random forest and survival random forest models further confirmed the causal effect,both from cross-sectional and longitudinal perspectives.展开更多
BACKGROUND Shoulder arthroscopy is commonly used for the repair of glenohumeral ligament avulsions or tendon tears.The success of the operation depends on the ability of the ligaments or rotator cuff tendon to heal to...BACKGROUND Shoulder arthroscopy is commonly used for the repair of glenohumeral ligament avulsions or tendon tears.The success of the operation depends on the ability of the ligaments or rotator cuff tendon to heal to their original attachment site.Soft tissue healing can be evaluated with imaging methods or alternatively with second-look arthroscopy.AIM To investigate shoulder tendon and capsule healing after arthroscopic rotator cuff and instability repair using second-look arthroscopy.METHODS In this study,24 adult patients with rotator cuff tears(13 patients)or anterior shoulder instability(11 patients)were included.All patients were initially subjected to arthroscopic repair using suture anchors and were re-evaluated with second-look arthroscopy for reasons not related to the original pathology.The second operation was performed in 8 patients due to mild but persistent pain or stiffness,in 3 patients for recalcitrant stiffness,in 5 patients for secondary biceps tenotomy,in 6 patients for persistent acromioclavicular joint pain and in 2 patients for suture anchor prominence causing shoulder grinding.Soft tissue healing was evaluated visually and by probing,whereas clinical outcomes were evaluated using the University of California–Los Angeles(UCLA)and Rowe rating scales.RESULTS In almost all patients,complete soft tissue healing occurred at the site of tissue reattachment,either on the glenoid articular surface or the greater humeral tuberosity.The strongest repair,as confirmed by probe palpation,was encountered at the site of suture passage through the soft tissue.All suture material was covered with bursal synovial tissue,with no cases of knot impingement or cartilage fraying.The mean preoperative and postoperative UCLA scores for rotator cuff repair patients were 1354±3205 and 2931±2898,respectively(P<0.001),whereas for shoulder instability patients,the mean Rowe scores preoperatively and postoperatively were 2591±1338 and 9272±754,respectively(P<0.001).The use of bioabsorbable implants did not cause synovitis or other tissue reactions.CONCLUSION Soft tissue healing in the shoulder is successful and strongest at the site of suture anchor placement.展开更多
BACKGROUND Rotator cuff tears are a chief cause of shoulder pain and disability,and surgical repair is often required when conservative management fails.As digital health technologies have expanded,especially since th...BACKGROUND Rotator cuff tears are a chief cause of shoulder pain and disability,and surgical repair is often required when conservative management fails.As digital health technologies have expanded,especially since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic,digitally augmented rehabilitation programs emerged as a potential alternative to conventional physical therapy.AIM To determine if digitally assisted rehabilitation could be as practical,or even more effective,than the traditional methods most patients currently follow.METHODS Six electronic databases,including PubMed,Scopus,Cochrane Library,Google Scholar,EMBASE,and Web of Science,were searched to find articles that compare digital-based rehabilitation and conventional treatment.Outcomes of interest were Disabilities of the Arm,Shoulder and Hand(DASH)score and range of motion.The quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials tool.RESULTS Three randomized controlled trial studies were enrolled in this study,including 195 cases.We did not find any significant differences between the two groups in terms of DASH score,flexion range of motion,and external rotation range of motion.There was a significant difference between the two groups for abduction range of motion.CONCLUSION Digital home-based rehab seems to be a strong alternative to traditional methods,offering similar results for people recovering from rotator cuff surgery.This approach might also make rehab more accessible and engaging for patients.That said,further research is needed to fully understand the potential of digital rehabilitation and ensure it works effectively for everyone.展开更多
Thermal vibrational convection(TVC)refers to the time-averaged convection of a non-isothermal fluid subjected to oscillating force fields.It serves as an effective mechanism for heat transfer control,particularly unde...Thermal vibrational convection(TVC)refers to the time-averaged convection of a non-isothermal fluid subjected to oscillating force fields.It serves as an effective mechanism for heat transfer control,particularly under microgravity conditions.A key challenge in this field is understanding the effect of rotation on TVC,as fluid oscillations in rotating systems exhibit unique and specific characteristics.In this study,we examine TVC in a vertical flat layer with boundaries at different temperatures,rotating around a horizontal axis.The distinctive feature of this study is that the fluid oscillations within the cavity are not induced by vibrations of the cavity itself,but rather by the gravity field,giving them a tidal nature.Our findings reveal that inertial waves generated in the rotating layer qualitatively alter the TVC structure,producing time-averaged flows in the form of toroidal vortices.Experimental investigations of the structure of oscillatory and time-averaged flows,conducted using Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV)for flow velocity visualization,are complemented by theoretical calculations of inertial modes in a cavity with this geometry.To the best of our knowledge,this study represents the first of its kind.The agreement between experimental results and theoretical predictions confirms that the formation of convective structures in the form of toroidal vortices is driven by inertial waves induced by the gravity field.A decrease in the rotational velocity leads to a transformation of the convective structures,shifting from toroidal vortices of inertial-wave origin to classical cellular TVC.We present dimensionless parameters that define the excitation thresholds for both cellular convection and toroidal structures.展开更多
The dynamics of fluid and non-buoyant particles in a librating horizontal annulus is studied experimentally.In the absence of librations,the granular material forms a cylindrical layer near the outer boundary of the a...The dynamics of fluid and non-buoyant particles in a librating horizontal annulus is studied experimentally.In the absence of librations,the granular material forms a cylindrical layer near the outer boundary of the annulus and undergoes rigid-body rotation with the fluid and the annulus.It is demonstrated that the librational liquefaction of the granular material results in pattern formation.This self-organization process stems from the excitation of inertial modes induced by the oscillatory motion of liquefied granular material under the influence of the gravitational force.The inertial wave induces vortical fluid flow which entrains particles from rest and forms eroded areas that are equidistant from each other along the axis of rotation.Theoretical analysis and experiments demonstrate that a liquefied layer of granular material oscillates with a radian frequency equal to the angular velocity of the annulus and interacts with the inertial wave it excites.The new phenomenon of libration-induced pattern formation is of practical interest as it can be used to control multiphase flows and mass transfer in rotating containers in a variety of industrial processes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Long head of biceps tendon(LHBT)transposition is a novel technique based on the double-row suture bridge method,utilizing autologous reconstruction to treat massive rotator cuff tears.AIM To evaluate the mi...BACKGROUND Long head of biceps tendon(LHBT)transposition is a novel technique based on the double-row suture bridge method,utilizing autologous reconstruction to treat massive rotator cuff tears.AIM To evaluate the mid-to-long-term clinical outcomes following the double-row repair method for massive rotator cuff tears.METHODS This retrospective analysis included data from 53 patients with massive rotator cuff tears treated at our hospital between 2020 and 2021.The patients were divided into the double-row repair group(conventional group)and the doublerow repair combined with the LHBT transposition group(transposition group).Postoperative pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale at one week,one year,and the final follow-up.Shoulder function was evaluated using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons and Constant-Murley scores at one year and the final follow-up.Rotator cuff healing was assessed postoperatively for one year using the Sugaya classification,which categorizes tendon integrity based on magnetic resonance imaging findings.RESULTS No perioperative complications were observed in any of the patients at any time.There were no significant differences between the groups regarding operative time and intraoperative blood loss.The transposition group had significantly lower visual analogue scale scores than the conventional group at one week postoperatively;however,there were no significant differences between the groups at one year or the final follow-up.At one year postoperatively,the transposition group showed significantly higher American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons and Constant-Murley scores than the conventional group;no significant differences were observed at the final followup.There were no significant differences in rotator cuff healing between the groups at one year postoperatively.CONCLUSION Compared to double-row repair alone,double-row repair combined with LHBT transposition for treating massive rotator cuff tears more effectively alleviates short-term postoperative pain and improves shoulder function within the first year.展开更多
文摘Consistent mechanical and machining properties are essential in many applications where ductile irons offer the most cost-effective way to produce structural parts.In the production of hydraulic rotators,dimensional tolerances are typically 20μm to obtain designated performance.For castings where intermediate strength and ductility is required,it is common knowledge that conventional ferritic-pearlitic ductile irons such as ISO 1083/500-7 show large hardness variations.These are mainly caused by the notoriously varying pearlite content,both at different locations within a part and between parts in the same or different batches.Cooling rate variations due to different wall thickness and position in the molding box,as well as varying amounts of pearlite-stabilizing elements,all contribute to detrimental hardness variations.The obvious remedy is to avoid pearlite formation,and instead obtain the necessary mechanical properties by solution strengthening of the ferritic matrix by increasing silicon content to 3.7wt%-3.8wt%.The Swedish development in this field 1998 resulted in a national standardization as SS 140725,followed in 2004 by ISO 1083/ JS/500-10.Indexator AB decided 2005 to specify JS/500-10 for all new ductile iron parts and to convert all existing parts.Improvements include reduction by 75%in hardness variations and increase by 30%in cutting tool life,combined with consistently better mechanical properties.
文摘Spiral polarization rotators, rotating polarization ellipse axes clockwise or counterclockwise, depending on the azimuth angle in the transverse plane, are considered. It is shown that spiral polarization rotators lead to a change in the order of optical vortices with circular polarization. A comparative analysis of spiral rotators of two types (polar and non-polar) is carried out, using a mirror that allows light to pass in the opposite direction through the rotator. The effect of spiral rotators on optical vortices in a resonator is studied. It is shown that spiral rotators can preserve or accumulate changes of the vortex order during the passage of the beam in both directions. The properties of the spiral rotator and the cube-corner reflector with a special phase-correcting coating, as a diffractive polarization-optical element, are compared.
文摘BACKGROUND The optimal surgical approach for patients with primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis(GHOA)and an intact rotator cuff remains debated.While anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty(TSA)has traditionally been favoured,reverse TSA(RTSA)is increasingly utilized.AIM To systematically compare the outcomes of RTSA and TSA in this specific patient population.METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.Retrospective comparative studies evaluating RTSA and TSA in patients with GHOA and intact rotator cuff were included.Key outcomes assessed included complication and reoperation rates,patient-reported outcome measures(PROMs),and range of motion.Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool.RESULTS Twelve studies encompassing 1608 patients(580 RTSA,1028 TSA)met inclusion criteria.RTSA was associated with a lower reoperation rate compared to TSA[odds ratio=0.37;95%confidence interval(CI):0.14-0.94;P value=0.04],while no significant difference in overall complication rates was observed(odds ratio=0.47;95%CI:0.19-1.16;P value=0.10).RTSA patients showed superior outcomes in University of California Los Angeles,Simple Shoulder Test,and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index scores;however,the differences did not exceed the minimal clinically important difference.TSA patients had significantly better external rotation(mean difference=-9.0°;95%CI:-13.21 to-5.02;P value<0.0001).No significant differences were found in other range of motion measures or satisfaction scores.The overall methodological quality of included studies was moderate to serious.CONCLUSION In patients with GHOA and an intact rotator cuff,RTSA may offer comparable or improved outcomes to TSA with lower reoperation rates and similar complication profiles.Functional outcomes favour RTSA in certain patientreported outcome measures,while TSA retains an advantage in external rotation.Surgical decision-making should remain individualized based on patient characteristics and functional demands.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFB2203600)。
文摘High-performance ultra-compact polarization splitter-rotators(PSRs)are designed and experimentally demonstrated,using dual etching and a tapered asymmetrical directional coupler.First,two novel PSRs are designed with nanowire and subwavelength grating cross-port waveguides and verified in simulations.Then,one of the two PSRs is fabricated.Experiment results reveal that the extinction ratio is higher than 28 dB or 32 dB at 1550 nm for the launched fundamental transverse magnetic or the transverse electric modes,while the corresponding insertion loss and polarization conversion loss are 0.33 dB and 0.18 dB,respectively.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51575214,51525502,51975232,51727809,and 51805193)the National Key Research and Development Plan(Grant No.2017YFF0204705)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(Grant No.2018CFA057)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Grant No.2017ZX02101006-004).
文摘A ferroelectric liquid crystal polarization rotator(FLCPR)has been widely used in polarization measurement due to its fast and stable modulation characteristics.The accurate characterization of the modulation performance of FLCPR directly affects the measurement accuracy of the instrument based on liquid crystal modulation.In this study,FLCPR is accurately characterized using a self-developed high-speed Stokes polarimeter.Strong linear and weak circular birefringence are observed during modulation processes,and all the optical parameters of FLCPR are dependent on driving voltage.A dual FLCPR-based Mueller matrix polarimeter is designed on the basis of the Stokes polarimeter.The designed polarimeter combines the advantages of the high modulation frequency of FLCPR and the ultrahigh temporal resolution of the fast polarization measurement system in the Stokes polarimeter.The optimal configuration of the designed polarizer is predicted in accordance with singular value decomposition.A simulated thickness measurement of a 24 nm standard SiO2 thin film is performed using the optimal configuration.Results show that the relative error in thickness measurement caused by using the unsatisfactory modulation characteristics of FLCPR reaches up to−4.34%.This finding demonstrates the importance of the accurate characterization of FLCPR in developing a Mueller matrix polarizer.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11975252)NationalKey Program for S&T Research andDevelopment(Grant No.2016YFA0400400 and 2018YFA0404300)+1 种基金Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(Grant No.QYZDJ-SSW-SLH004)Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.2021012).
文摘Purpose Longitudinal polarization is an important design aspect of the future 100 km-scale Circular Electron Position Collider(CEPC).Spin rotators are needed in the CEPC collider rings to make the beam polarization along the longitudinal direction at the interaction points(IPs).This paper focuses on the design of spin rotators for CEPC at the Z-pole(45.6 GeV).Methods The design of spin rotators in the CEPC at the Z-pole is based on solenoidmagnets and horizontal bending magnets sections.The coupling of transverse motion introduced by solenoids is compensated with quadrupole lenses.Adjustments have been made to the layout to implement the spin rotators into the collider rings.Results Longitudinal polarized beam can be achieved at the IPs with the spin rotators.High degree of polarization is attainable,while the effect of spin rotators on orbital motion is acceptable.The detailed simulation results will be presented.Conclusion A solenoid-based spin rotator configuration is designed and integrated into the CEPC collider ring lattice.According to the simulation results,the polarization requirements can be satisfied.
基金supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)in the framework of the Collaborative Research Center(CRC)Wave Phenomena(SFB 1173,project-ID 258734477)under Germany's Excellence Strategy via the Excellence Cluster 3D Matter Made to Order(EXC-2082/1–390761711)+4 种基金by the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung(BMBF)within the projects PRIMA(#13N14630),DiFeMiS(#16ES0948),Open6GHub(#16KISK010)by the European Research Council(ERC Consolidator Grant‘TeraSHAPE’,#773248)by the Photonic Packaging Pilot Line PIXAPP(#731954)by the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation,by the Karlsruhe School of Optics and Photonics(KSOP)by the Karlsruhe Nano-Micro Facility(KNMF).A.N.was supported by the Erasmus Mundus Joint Doctorate Programme Europhotonics(grant number 159224-1-2009-1-FR-ERA MUNDUS-EMJD).
文摘Multi-photon lithography has emerged as a powerful tool for photonic integration,allowing to complement planar photonic circuits by 3D-printed freeform structures such as waveguides or micro-optical elements.These structures can be fabricated with a high precision on the facets of optical devices and enable highly efficient package-level chip-chip connections in photonic assemblies.However,plain light transport and efficient coupling is far from exploiting the full geometrical design freedom offered by 3D laser lithography.Here,we extended the functionality of 3D-printed optical structures to manipulation of optical polarisation states.We demonstrate compact ultra-broadband polarisation beam splitters(PBSs)that can be combined with polarisation rotators and mode-field adapters into a monolithic 3D-printed structure,fabricated directly on the facets of optical devices.In a proof-of-concept experiment,we demonstrate measured polarisation extinction ratios beyond 11 dB over a bandwidth of 350 nm at near-infrared telecommunication wavelengths around 1550 nm.We demonstrate the viability of the device by receiving a 640 Gbit/s dual-polarisation data signal using 16-state quadrature amplitude modulation(16QAM),without any measurable optical-signal-to-noise-ratio penalty compared to a commercial PBS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971855)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI)+2 种基金the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2024AFB442)the Wuhan Knowledge Innovation Special Program(2023020201020400)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-12)。
文摘Global food production faces enormous challenges in increasing yields while promoting environmental sustainability.A field experiments in the ecotone between the Yangtze River Basin and the HuangHuai-Hai Plain evaluated the effects of changing preceding crop rotation cycles(wheat and rapeseed)on long-term wheat-rice(W)and rapeseed-rice(R)rotation systems.A comprehensive evaluation of crop rotation systems was conducted using life cycle assessment,considering productivity,economic benefits,carbon footprint(CF),and soil health.Compared with fallow-rice rotation(F),alternating rapeseed and wheat rotations increased equivalent yield by 60.4%-82.2%,reduced CF by 0.3%-5.7%,and improved soil health by 0.3%-47.5%.Additionally,adding rapeseed to rotations increased soil nutrient content and raised soil organic carbon stocks by 31.3%-40.5%.The 3R rotation(3-year rapeseed-rice and 1-year wheat-rice)boosted rice yield by 82.2%and annual economic benefits by 84.4%,offering an effective model for optimizing long-term R rotations.Similarly,the 2W rotation(2-year wheat-rice and 1-year rapeseed rice)enhanced rice yield by 70.0% and annual economic benefits by 65.9%,providing a successful example for optimizing long-term W rotations.The 3R rapeseed-based rotation and the 2W wheatbased rotation demonstrated good environmental sustainability.These rotation systems have broad potential in sustainable intensive farming,especially in China and similar regions.
基金Financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52171116,U22A20109,52334010 and T2325013)are greatly acknowledgedPartial financial support came from The Program for the Central University Youth Innovation Team,and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,JLU.
文摘Dislocations and disclinations are fundamental topological defects within crystals,which determine the mechanical properties of metals and alloys.Despite their important roles in multiple physical mechanisms,e.g.,dynamic recovery and grain boundary mediated plasticity,the intrinsic coupling and correlation between disclinations and dislocations,and their impacts on the deformation behavior of metallic materials still remain obscure,partially due to the lack of a theoretical tool to capture the rotational nature of disclinations.By using a Lie-algebra-based theoretical framework,we obtain a general equation to quantify the intrinsic coupling of disclinations and dislocations.Through quasi in-situ electron backscatter diffraction characterizations and disclination/dislocation density analyses in Mg alloys,the generation,coevolution and reactions of disclinations and dislocations during dynamic recovery and superplastic deformation have been quantitatively analyzed.It has been demonstrated that the obtained governing equation can capture multiple physical processes associated with mechanical deformation of metals,e.g.,grain rotation and grain boundary migration,at both room temperature and high temperature.By establishing the disclination-dislocation coupling equation within a Lie algebra description,our work provides new insights for exploring the coevolution and reaction of disclinations/dislocations,with profound implications for elucidating the microstructure-property relationship and underlying deformation mechanisms in metallic materials.
文摘Management of patients with acute hemorrhage requires addressing the source of bleeding,replenishing blood volume,and addressing any coagulopathy that may be present.Assessing coagulopathy and predicting blood requirements in real-time in patients experiencing ongoing bleeding can pose substantial challenges.In these patients,transfusion concepts based on ratios do not effectively address coagulopathy or reduce mortality.Moreover,ratio-based concepts do not stop bleeding;instead,they just give physicians more time to identify the bleeding source and plan management strategies.In clinical practice,standard laboratory coagulation tests(SLCT)are frequently used to assess various aspects of blood clotting.However,these tests may not always offer a comprehensive under-standing of clinically significant coagulopathy and the severity of blood loss.Furthermore,the SLCT have a considerable turnaround time,which may not be ideal for making prompt clinical decisions.In recent years,there has been a growing interest in point-of-care viscoelastic assays like rotational thromboelast-ometry,which provide real-time,dynamic information about clot formation and dissolution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52061135101 and 52001078)the German Research Foundation(DFG,No.448318292)+3 种基金the Technology Innovation Guidance Special Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2023GXLH-085)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.D5000240161)the Project of Key areas of innovation team in Shaanxi Province(No.2024RS-CXTD-20)The author Yingchun Xie thanks the support from the National Key R&D Program(No.2023YFE0108000).
文摘1.Introduction.Cold Spray(CS)is a highly advanced solid-state metal depo-sition process that was first developed in the 1980s.This innovative technique involves the high-speed(300-1200 m/s)impact deposition of micron-sized particles(5-50μm)to fabricate coatings[1-3].CS has been extensively used in a variety of coating applications,such as aerospace,automotive,energy,medical,marine,and others,to provide protection against high temperatures,corrosion,erosion,oxidation,and chemicals[4,5].Nowadays,the technical interest in CS is twofold:(i)as a repair process for damaged components,and(ii)as a solid-state additive manufacturing process.Compared to other fusion-based additive manufacturing(AM)technologies,Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing(CSAM)is a new member of the AM family that can enable the fabrication of deposits without undergoing melting.The chemical composition has been largely preserved from the powder to the deposit due to the minimal oxidation.The significant advantages of CSAM over other additive manufacturing processes include a high production rate,unlimited deposition size,high flexibility,and suitability for repairing damaged parts.
基金The APC was funded by Research Management Center, Multimedia University, Malaysia.
文摘Electrical energy can be harvested from the rotational kinetic energy of moving bodies,consisting of both mechanical and kinetic energy as a potential power source through electromagnetic induction,similar to wind energy applications.In industries,rotational bodies are commonly present in operations,yet this kinetic energy remains untapped.This research explores the energy generation characteristics of two rotational body types,disk-shaped and cylinder-shaped under specific experimental setups.The hardware setup included a direct current(DC)motor driver,power supply,DC generator,mechanical support,and load resistance,while the software setup involved automation testing tools and data logging.Electromagnetic induction was used to harvest energy,and experiments were conducted at room temperature(25℃)with controlled variables like speed and friction.Results showed the disk-shaped body exhibited higher energy efficiency than the cylinder-shaped body,largely due to lower mechanical losses.The disk required only two bearings,while the cylinder required four,resulting in lower bearing losses for the disk.Additionally,the disk experienced only air friction,whereas the cylinder encountered friction from a soft,uneven rubber material,increasing surface contact losses.Under a 40 W resistive load,the disk demonstrated a 17.1%energy loss due to mechanical friction,achieving up to 15.55 J of recycled energy.Conversely,the cylinder body experienced a 48.05%energy loss,delivering only 51.95%of energy to the load.These insights suggest significant potential for designing efficient energy recycling systems in industrial settings,particularly in manufacturing and processing industries where rotational machinery is prevalent.Despite its lower energy density,this system could be beneficially integrated with energy storage solutions,enhancing sustainability in industrial practices.
文摘This letter compares the clinical efficacy and economic feasibility of the scoliocorrector fatma-UI(SCFUI)with direct vertebral rotation(DVR)in treating adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS).SCFUI has shown promising results in threedimensional spinal correction,providing superior rotational alignment compared to DVR and achieving significant improvements in coronal and sagittal planes.Additionally,SCFUI’s advanced design reduces risks associated with AIS surgeries and enhances overall patient outcomes.Economic analysis reveals SCFUI as a cost-effective option,potentially lowering long-term healthcare costs by minimizing complications and revisions.Our findings suggest that SCFUI is a viable,innovative approach in AIS treatment,meeting clinical and economic demands in orthopedic care.
基金the Scientific Research Innovation Capability Support Project for Young Faculty(ZYGXQNJSKYCXNLZCXM-H8)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2024ZYGXZR077)+3 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023B1515120006)Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A04J5776)the Research Fund(2023QN10Y421)Guangzhou Talent Recruitment Team Program(2024D03J0004),all related to this study.
文摘Osteoporosis is a known risk factor for rotator cuff tears(RCTs),but the causal correlation and underlying mechanisms remain unclear.This study aims to evaluate the impact of osteoporosis on RCT risk and investigate their genetic associations.Using data from the UK Biobank(n=457871),cross-sectional analyses demonstrated that osteoporosis was significantly associated with an increased risk of RCTs(adjusted OR[95%CI]=1.38[1.25–1.52]).A longitudinal analysis of a subset of patients(n=268117)over 11 years revealed that osteoporosis increased the risk of RCTs(adjusted HR[95%CI]=1.56[1.29–1.87]),which is notably varied between sexes in sex-stratified analysis.Causal inference methods,including propensity score matching,inverse probability weighting,causal random forest and survival random forest models further confirmed the causal effect,both from cross-sectional and longitudinal perspectives.
文摘BACKGROUND Shoulder arthroscopy is commonly used for the repair of glenohumeral ligament avulsions or tendon tears.The success of the operation depends on the ability of the ligaments or rotator cuff tendon to heal to their original attachment site.Soft tissue healing can be evaluated with imaging methods or alternatively with second-look arthroscopy.AIM To investigate shoulder tendon and capsule healing after arthroscopic rotator cuff and instability repair using second-look arthroscopy.METHODS In this study,24 adult patients with rotator cuff tears(13 patients)or anterior shoulder instability(11 patients)were included.All patients were initially subjected to arthroscopic repair using suture anchors and were re-evaluated with second-look arthroscopy for reasons not related to the original pathology.The second operation was performed in 8 patients due to mild but persistent pain or stiffness,in 3 patients for recalcitrant stiffness,in 5 patients for secondary biceps tenotomy,in 6 patients for persistent acromioclavicular joint pain and in 2 patients for suture anchor prominence causing shoulder grinding.Soft tissue healing was evaluated visually and by probing,whereas clinical outcomes were evaluated using the University of California–Los Angeles(UCLA)and Rowe rating scales.RESULTS In almost all patients,complete soft tissue healing occurred at the site of tissue reattachment,either on the glenoid articular surface or the greater humeral tuberosity.The strongest repair,as confirmed by probe palpation,was encountered at the site of suture passage through the soft tissue.All suture material was covered with bursal synovial tissue,with no cases of knot impingement or cartilage fraying.The mean preoperative and postoperative UCLA scores for rotator cuff repair patients were 1354±3205 and 2931±2898,respectively(P<0.001),whereas for shoulder instability patients,the mean Rowe scores preoperatively and postoperatively were 2591±1338 and 9272±754,respectively(P<0.001).The use of bioabsorbable implants did not cause synovitis or other tissue reactions.CONCLUSION Soft tissue healing in the shoulder is successful and strongest at the site of suture anchor placement.
文摘BACKGROUND Rotator cuff tears are a chief cause of shoulder pain and disability,and surgical repair is often required when conservative management fails.As digital health technologies have expanded,especially since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic,digitally augmented rehabilitation programs emerged as a potential alternative to conventional physical therapy.AIM To determine if digitally assisted rehabilitation could be as practical,or even more effective,than the traditional methods most patients currently follow.METHODS Six electronic databases,including PubMed,Scopus,Cochrane Library,Google Scholar,EMBASE,and Web of Science,were searched to find articles that compare digital-based rehabilitation and conventional treatment.Outcomes of interest were Disabilities of the Arm,Shoulder and Hand(DASH)score and range of motion.The quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials tool.RESULTS Three randomized controlled trial studies were enrolled in this study,including 195 cases.We did not find any significant differences between the two groups in terms of DASH score,flexion range of motion,and external rotation range of motion.There was a significant difference between the two groups for abduction range of motion.CONCLUSION Digital home-based rehab seems to be a strong alternative to traditional methods,offering similar results for people recovering from rotator cuff surgery.This approach might also make rehab more accessible and engaging for patients.That said,further research is needed to fully understand the potential of digital rehabilitation and ensure it works effectively for everyone.
基金funded by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation within the framework of a state assignment,number 1023032300071-6-2.3.1.
文摘Thermal vibrational convection(TVC)refers to the time-averaged convection of a non-isothermal fluid subjected to oscillating force fields.It serves as an effective mechanism for heat transfer control,particularly under microgravity conditions.A key challenge in this field is understanding the effect of rotation on TVC,as fluid oscillations in rotating systems exhibit unique and specific characteristics.In this study,we examine TVC in a vertical flat layer with boundaries at different temperatures,rotating around a horizontal axis.The distinctive feature of this study is that the fluid oscillations within the cavity are not induced by vibrations of the cavity itself,but rather by the gravity field,giving them a tidal nature.Our findings reveal that inertial waves generated in the rotating layer qualitatively alter the TVC structure,producing time-averaged flows in the form of toroidal vortices.Experimental investigations of the structure of oscillatory and time-averaged flows,conducted using Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV)for flow velocity visualization,are complemented by theoretical calculations of inertial modes in a cavity with this geometry.To the best of our knowledge,this study represents the first of its kind.The agreement between experimental results and theoretical predictions confirms that the formation of convective structures in the form of toroidal vortices is driven by inertial waves induced by the gravity field.A decrease in the rotational velocity leads to a transformation of the convective structures,shifting from toroidal vortices of inertial-wave origin to classical cellular TVC.We present dimensionless parameters that define the excitation thresholds for both cellular convection and toroidal structures.
基金funded by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation within the framework of a state assignment,number 1023032300071-6-2.3.1.
文摘The dynamics of fluid and non-buoyant particles in a librating horizontal annulus is studied experimentally.In the absence of librations,the granular material forms a cylindrical layer near the outer boundary of the annulus and undergoes rigid-body rotation with the fluid and the annulus.It is demonstrated that the librational liquefaction of the granular material results in pattern formation.This self-organization process stems from the excitation of inertial modes induced by the oscillatory motion of liquefied granular material under the influence of the gravitational force.The inertial wave induces vortical fluid flow which entrains particles from rest and forms eroded areas that are equidistant from each other along the axis of rotation.Theoretical analysis and experiments demonstrate that a liquefied layer of granular material oscillates with a radian frequency equal to the angular velocity of the annulus and interacts with the inertial wave it excites.The new phenomenon of libration-induced pattern formation is of practical interest as it can be used to control multiphase flows and mass transfer in rotating containers in a variety of industrial processes.
基金Supported by the General Program of the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China Key Project,No.2021CFB520.
文摘BACKGROUND Long head of biceps tendon(LHBT)transposition is a novel technique based on the double-row suture bridge method,utilizing autologous reconstruction to treat massive rotator cuff tears.AIM To evaluate the mid-to-long-term clinical outcomes following the double-row repair method for massive rotator cuff tears.METHODS This retrospective analysis included data from 53 patients with massive rotator cuff tears treated at our hospital between 2020 and 2021.The patients were divided into the double-row repair group(conventional group)and the doublerow repair combined with the LHBT transposition group(transposition group).Postoperative pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale at one week,one year,and the final follow-up.Shoulder function was evaluated using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons and Constant-Murley scores at one year and the final follow-up.Rotator cuff healing was assessed postoperatively for one year using the Sugaya classification,which categorizes tendon integrity based on magnetic resonance imaging findings.RESULTS No perioperative complications were observed in any of the patients at any time.There were no significant differences between the groups regarding operative time and intraoperative blood loss.The transposition group had significantly lower visual analogue scale scores than the conventional group at one week postoperatively;however,there were no significant differences between the groups at one year or the final follow-up.At one year postoperatively,the transposition group showed significantly higher American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons and Constant-Murley scores than the conventional group;no significant differences were observed at the final followup.There were no significant differences in rotator cuff healing between the groups at one year postoperatively.CONCLUSION Compared to double-row repair alone,double-row repair combined with LHBT transposition for treating massive rotator cuff tears more effectively alleviates short-term postoperative pain and improves shoulder function within the first year.
