Bentonite is a very useful material for improving soil properties,which enhances the ability of plants to grow and produce in different conditions.The experiment was carried out in an agricultural nursery in one of th...Bentonite is a very useful material for improving soil properties,which enhances the ability of plants to grow and produce in different conditions.The experiment was carried out in an agricultural nursery in one of the areas of the City of Diwaniyah,in a house covered with green netting,with a shade rate of 25%,to study the effect of bentonite and humic acid on the growth and flowering of a Catharanthus roseus L.plant in sandy soil.The experiment included two factors:the first factor was bentonite clay,and the second factor was humic acid.Using a randomized complete block design(R.C.B.D)with three replications,data were analyzed using the analysis of variance(ANOVA)method,and comparison was made according to the least significant difference(L.S.D)test at a probability level of 0.05.The experiment consisted of adding bentonite clay at 0,2,6,and 8 g L-1,humic acid at 0,0.5,1,and 10 g L-1.The results showed that adding bentonite clay and humic acid to sandy soil can have a significant positive effect on the growth and flowering of the Catharanthus roseus plant grown in poor sandy soil conditions.Bentonite,clay and humic acid were added at concentrations of 8 and 10 g L-1,which led to an increase in plant height and number of leaves and leaf area.They reached 30.07,23.84 cm2,76.62,63.42 cm2 for leaf-1 and 24.73,20.22 cm2 for leaf-1,respectively.The results also showed an increase in the content of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)in leaves by 2.27,1.92,1.99%and 1.51,1.22,1.77%.This also led to an increase in chlorophyll pigment and anthocyanin at the highest concentration and gave the highest value.Therefore,adding bentonite and humic acid together gave the highest values in vegetative and chemical characteristics,compared to treatments without addition.展开更多
This paper reports on the composition of fungal communities occurring on diseased tissues of Catharanthus roseus,which differed between organs.In total,ten different filamentous fungi were isolated,and the percentage ...This paper reports on the composition of fungal communities occurring on diseased tissues of Catharanthus roseus,which differed between organs.In total,ten different filamentous fungi were isolated,and the percentage of isolation varied significantly among the organs.Botrytis cinerea was the most prevalent fungus found on the plant’s aboveground parts,with a frequency exceeding 50%.On twigs,the occurrence rate was 95.6%.It was isolated from leaves with a frequency of 88%,followed by Aspergillus niger(71.66%),Alternaria alternata(67.33%),Cladosporium herbarum(61%),Fusarium oxysporum(50.66%),Epicoccum nigrum(57.66%),Curvularia lunata(49.66%),Trichoderma harzianum(40%),and Penicillium sp.(27%).Whereas,Fusarium genus was more represented and six species were recorded:F.subglutinans(26%),F.chlamydosporium(20%),F.vertillioides(15.66%),F.solani(10%),F.oxysporum and F.nivale.Results highlighted dissimilar distribution of Fusarium species was noted on Catharanthus tissues on which F.subglutinas,F.chlamydosporium and F.oxysporum coexist on leaves and roots while F.solani was retrieved from leaves against F.nivale from roots.The floral buds and pods harbored opportunist fungi such as B.cinerea,Alternaria alternata and E.nigrum.On roots,Aspergillus,Penicillium and Fusarium were the main genera occurring with the frequencies of 26%(F.chlamydosporium),40%(F.nivale),72.33%(A.niger),47.66%(A.flavus)and 37.66%(A.fumigatus).But no fungal species were detected on seeds of Catharanthus roseus.This is the first study to describe and enumerate the fungal complex associated with various symptoms on the aerial parts of Catharanthus roseus.展开更多
A full habituated cell line C_ 20hi was screened from 2,4_D dependent line (C_ 20D) of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. The investigation involved the cell growth, ajmalicine production and enzyme activity related t...A full habituated cell line C_ 20hi was screened from 2,4_D dependent line (C_ 20D) of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. The investigation involved the cell growth, ajmalicine production and enzyme activity related to indole alkaloid biosynthesis in both cell lines. These results indicated that C_ 20hi cells grew faster than C_ 20D cells, and average ajmalicine content in C_ 20hi cells was 18.4 times more than that in C_ 20D when cultured in the production medium. In the growth medium, average ajmalicine content in C_ 20hi cells was 31.9 times more than that in C_ 20D cells, while the cell growth has no obvious difference. The comparison of enzyme activities in C_ 20hi and C_ 20D cells indicated that tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), strictosidine synthase (SSS) and geraniol_10_dehydrogenase (G10H) activities have no close relation to ajmalicine accumulation, although the activities of these enzymes were higher when cells were cultured in the production medium than in the growth medium. The C_ 20hi cells are relatively stable in five years of culture.展开更多
An experiment was conducted on Catharanthus roseus to study the effect of seed treatments with native diazotrophs on its seedling growth and antioxidant enzyme activities. The treatments had significant influence on v...An experiment was conducted on Catharanthus roseus to study the effect of seed treatments with native diazotrophs on its seedling growth and antioxidant enzyme activities. The treatments had significant influence on various seedling parameters. There is no significant influence on dry matter production with the diazotrophs, Azospirillum and Azotobacter. However, the vital seedling parameters such as germination percentage and vigour index were improved. Azotobacter treatment influenced maximum of 50% germination, whereas Azospirillum and Azotobacter were on par with C. roseus with respect to their vigour index. There was significant difference in the population of total diazotrophs. Azospirillum and Azotobacter between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of C. roseus had the same trend and were observed at various locations of the study. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT) were increased to a significant extent due to the treatment with diazotrophs.展开更多
Objective:To develop a novel approach for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaves extracts of Catharanthus roseus(C.roseus) Linn.G.Don which has been proven aclive against malaria parasite Pla...Objective:To develop a novel approach for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaves extracts of Catharanthus roseus(C.roseus) Linn.G.Don which has been proven aclive against malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum(P.falciparum).Methods:Characterizations were determined by using ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis) spectrophotometry,scanning electron microscopy(SEM).energy dispersive X-ray and X-ray diffraction.Results:SLM showed the formation of silver nanoparticles with an average size of 35-55 nm.X-ray diffraction analysts showed that the particles were crystalline in nature with face centred cubic structure of the hulk silver with the broad peaks at 32.4.46.4 and 28.0.Conclusions:It can be concluded that the leaves of C.roseus can he good source for synthesis of silver nanoparticle which shows aiitiplasmodial activity against P.falciparum.The important outcome of the study will he the development of value added products from medicinal plants C.roseus lor hionicdical and nanotechnology based industries.展开更多
Catharanthus roseus contains important anti-tumor terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) such as vinblastine and vincristine. Cytochrome P450 enzyme geraniol 10-hydroxylase (G10H) is a putative rate-limiting enzyme involve...Catharanthus roseus contains important anti-tumor terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) such as vinblastine and vincristine. Cytochrome P450 enzyme geraniol 10-hydroxylase (G10H) is a putative rate-limiting enzyme involved in the TIAs biosynthetic pathway in C. roseus. In this study the g10h gene driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV 35S) promoter was introduced into C. roseus through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The integration and overexpression of the target gene (g10h) in hairy root lines were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and RT-QPCR analysis respectively. Overexpression of g10h in transgenic hairy root lines significantly enhanced the accumulations of monomeric alkaloid ajmalicine and dimeric alkaloids, vincristine and vinblastine. Total TIAs production in hairy roots reached (9.51) mg/g DW, over 3-fold higher than that in the untransformed root lines. This is the first report that engineering of g10h into TIAs-producing plant species results in significant enhancement of TIAs accumulation in cultured hairy roots. This study demonstrates that the putative rate-limiting step catalyzed by G10H is indeed the real rate-limiting step involved in the TIAs biosynthetic pathway in C. roseus, which is one of the key targets for promoting TIAs production by genetic engineering.展开更多
Objective:To develop a simple rapid procedure for bioreduction of silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)using aqueous leaves extracts of Catharanthus roseus(C.roseus).Methods:Characterization were determined by using UV-Vis spec...Objective:To develop a simple rapid procedure for bioreduction of silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)using aqueous leaves extracts of Catharanthus roseus(C.roseus).Methods:Characterization were determined by using UV-Vis spectrophotometry,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray and X-ray diffraction.Results:SEM showed the formation of silver nanoparticles with an average size of 67 nm to 48 nm.X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the particles were crystalline in nature with face centered cubic geometry.Conclusions:C.roseus demonstrates strong potential for synthesis of silver nanoparticles by rapid reduction of silver ions(Ag^+ to Ag^0).This study provides evidence for developing large scale commercial production of value-added products for biomedical/nanotechnology-based industries.展开更多
A study was conducted to investigate the effects of high temperature on variations of alkaloid metabolism in C. roseus seedlings in Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongiang, C...A study was conducted to investigate the effects of high temperature on variations of alkaloid metabolism in C. roseus seedlings in Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongiang, China. 60-day-old C. roseus seedlings with 3-4 pairs of leaves were incubated in chambers with temperature of 30℃ and 40℃for short-term heat shock experiment and 20℃, 25℃ and 35℃ for long-term experiment. The contents of vindoline, catharanthine, vinblastine and vincristine in C. roseus leaves and root were checked at different temperatures in short term （1-6 h） and long term （1-16 d）. Results showed that under short-term heat shock, the contents of vindoline, catharanthine and vinblastine in leaves of the seedlings were higher at 40℃ than at 30℃, but after 6 h treatment, the contents of vindoline and catharanthine under the two temperatures came to the same level. Catharanthine was exclusively distributed in C. roseus roots and its content was increased by 40% after two hours incubation at 40℃, while increased slowly at 30℃ incubation and reached the highest value at 6 h. In the Long-term experiment, concentrations of monomeric alkaloids catharanthine and vindoline were higher at 20℃ than at 25℃ and had a sharp increase under the condition of 35℃. While for dimeric alkaloid, it showed that the higher the temperature, the earlier the peak value of vinblastine content appears. Vincristine had a continuous enhancement and attained 0.027 mg.g^-1 at 16th day under 35℃ condition which was higher than those in the other conditions. It was concluded that high temperature could promote the accumulation of different alkaloids in C. roseus and the accumulation characteristic is highly related to treatment time.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the larvicidal and pupicidal activities of aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Catharanthus roseus ( C. roseus ) against malaria and filariasis vectors. Methods: The larvicidal an...Objective: To investigate the larvicidal and pupicidal activities of aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Catharanthus roseus ( C. roseus ) against malaria and filariasis vectors. Methods: The larvicidal and pupicidal activities of C. roseus leaf extracts were tested against the fourth instar larvae and pupae of Anopheles stephensi ( An. stephensi ) and Culex quinquefasciatus ( Cx. quinquefasciatus ). The mortality was observed after 24 and 48 h post the treatment. The data were subjected to probit analysis to determine the lethal concentrations (LC 50 and LC 90 ) at which 50% and 90% of the treated larvae or pupae of the tested species were killed. Results: The larval and pupal mortality were observed after 24 and 48 h of exposure of aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of C. roseus ; no mortality was observed in the control group. The LC 50 values against the fourth-instar larvae of An. stephensi were 68.62 and 72.04 mg/mL for the aqueous extract, 82.47 mg/mL for the ethyl acetate extract, and 78.80 and 86.64 mg/mL for the methanol extract, while the aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts had LC 50 values of 85.21, 76.84 and 94.20 mg/mL against the fourth-instar larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus . The aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts had LC 50 values of 118.08, 182.47 and 143.80 mg/mL against the pupae of An. stephensi and 146.20, 226.84 and 156.62 mg/mL against the pupae of Cx. quinquefasciatus , respectively. Conclusions: The aqueous and methanol extracts of C. roseus leaves had an excellent potential to control the malarial vector An. stephensi and filariasis vector Cx. quinquefasciatus .展开更多
Objective:To investigate the interacting effects of co-administration of methanol leaf extract of Catharanthus roseus（C.roseus） on the hypoglycemic activity of metformin as well as glibenclamide using experimental r...Objective:To investigate the interacting effects of co-administration of methanol leaf extract of Catharanthus roseus（C.roseus） on the hypoglycemic activity of metformin as well as glibenclamide using experimental rats.Methods:Phytochemical analysis as well as acute toxicity and lethality(LD<sub>50</sub>) test were carried out on its methanol leaf extract.The alloxan model for experimental induction of diabetes in rats was employed.Six groups comprising five rats each were used.GroupsⅡ,ⅢandⅣreceived 250 mg/kg of extract,100 mg/kg of metformin and 1 mg/kg of glibenclamide respectively,while V and VI were administered metformin-extract and glibenclamide-extract combinations respectively at doses as above.Group I served as negative control and received only distilled water.All administration was done once daily for seven days. Fasting blood glucose was determined at 2,12,24,72 and 168 h using a glucometer.One-way ANOVA with post-hoc tests was used to assess for significant difference due to administration of drug alone and with co-administration of drug and extract.Results:The LD<sub>50</sub> was 2 121.32 mg/kg. The phytochemical studies indicated the presence of saponins,tannins,alkaloids,phlotatannins, flavonoids,triterpenoids,reducing sugars,anthraquinones and glycosides.All medicaments significantly reduced blood glucose levels when compared with control alone（P【0.05） with the highest percentage reduction in blood glucose（64.86%） exhibited by metformin-extract combination.Conclusions:The leaf extract of C.roseus significandy increases the hypoglycemic effect of metformin.展开更多
AIM:To establish a method to simultaneously determine the main five alkaloids of Catharanthus roseus for trace samples,a high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-ES...AIM:To establish a method to simultaneously determine the main five alkaloids of Catharanthus roseus for trace samples,a high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-ESI-MS/MS)analysis method was developed.METHOD:The five Catharanthus alkaloids,vinblastine,vincristine,vinleurosine,vindoline,and catharanthine were chromatographically separated on a C18 HPLC column.The mobile phase was methanol-15 nmol?L–1 ammonium acetate containing 0.02%formic acid(65:35,V/V).The quantification of these alkaloids was based on the Multiple Reaction Monitoring(MRM)mode.RESULTS:This method was validated,and the results achieved the aims of the study.The intra-and inter-day precision and accuracy of the five alkaloids were within 1.2%-11.5%(RSD%)and-10.9%-10.5%(RE%).The recovery rates of the five alkaloids of samples were from 79.9%to 91.5%.The five analytes were stable at room temperature for 2 h,at 4°C for 12 h,and at-20°C for two weeks.The developed method was applied successfully to determine the content of the five alkaloids in three plant parts of three batches of C.roseus with a minute amount collected from three regions of China.CONCLUSION:The HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method can be used for the simultaneous determination of five important alkaloids in trace C.roseus samples.展开更多
Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus （CaLas）, an uncultured Gram-negative alphaproteobacterium, is the causal agent of Huanglongbing （HLB） in citrus. CaLas resides in phloem sieve tubes and has been shown to be unequ...Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus （CaLas）, an uncultured Gram-negative alphaproteobacterium, is the causal agent of Huanglongbing （HLB） in citrus. CaLas resides in phloem sieve tubes and has been shown to be unequally distributed in different tissues. Although HLB is a disease of citrus plants, it has been demonstrated that periwinkle can serve as an experimental host of CaLas, which can be transmitted from citrus to periwinkle via the parasitic plant dodder （Cuscuta spp.）. To investigate the distribution of CaLas in various periwinkle tissues, the bacteria were transmitted from an infected periwinkle plant to healthy periwinkles by top-grafting. The movement of the inoculum and associated titer changes were observed over time in various tissues. CaLas could be detected in the leaves, main stems, and roots of infected periwinkle by conventional PCR, and in all three tissues a clear time-dependent change in CaLas titer was observed, with titer increasing soon after inoculation and then decreasing as disease symptoms became severe. The highest titer was found at 25, 35 and 35 days after inoculation in leaves, main stems and roots, respectively. The titer in leaves was much higher than in the main stems and roots at the same time point, and the spatial distribution of CaLas in the leaves, main stems and roots of infected periwinkle was uneven, similar to what has been shown in citrus. The results provide guidance for selecting the proper periwinkle tissues and sampling times for early detection of CaLas.展开更多
Fifty cultivated Catharanthus roseus seedlings were selected for tip-pruning treatment and the effects of tip-pruning on seedling growth and source-sink regulation were investigated for revealing physiological mechani...Fifty cultivated Catharanthus roseus seedlings were selected for tip-pruning treatment and the effects of tip-pruning on seedling growth and source-sink regulation were investigated for revealing physiological mechanisms of plants. The results showed that tip-pruning treatment resulted in obvious inhibition of apical dominance and enhancement of branching numbers. The contents of soluble sugars, acid sucrose invertase activity (AI) had a great change in differently positional leaves of the seedling. The sink strength in tip leaves of seedlings dramatically declined after tip-pruning treatment, while that in the leaves at the middle and bottom of seedlings had no obvious changes. The inhibition of apical dominance of tip leaves of seedlings was caused by the diminished sink strength due to tip-pruning treatment,展开更多
A self made gas-liquid jet bioreactor in spray flow mode is used in the two-stage multiple shoot culture of C. roseus. The experimental results show that the gas-liquid jet bioreactor is suitable for the multiple shoo...A self made gas-liquid jet bioreactor in spray flow mode is used in the two-stage multiple shoot culture of C. roseus. The experimental results show that the gas-liquid jet bioreactor is suitable for the multiple shoot culture of C. roseus in two stages, and the multiple shoots of C. roseus reach as high as 35g(dry wt.) · L-1 of biomass content and as high as 1.18% (dry wt.) of total indole alkaloids.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the elemental composition of the leaves and flowers of Catharanthus roseus(C.roseus) due to the plant's wide application in the indigenous medicinal system and its chemical constituents...Objective:To investigate the elemental composition of the leaves and flowers of Catharanthus roseus(C.roseus) due to the plant's wide application in the indigenous medicinal system and its chemical constituents' importance.Methods:The atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used for quantitative analysis of various elements.Results:Total 13 important elements were analyzed in leaves and flowers of C.roseus.Results indicated the presence of Na,K,Ca,Mg,Cr,Fe,Zn,Al,Cu,Ni,Pb,Cd and Mn in both leaves and flowers.The most important finding of the work was that,leaves of C.roseus showed high concentration of all elements except K and Zn while flowers of C.roseus showed higher concentration of K and Zn.Conclusions:The elemental composition in both leaves and flowers of C.roseus were found to be different.Therefore,different parts of this medicinal plant are enriched in some micro and macro nutrients like Fe,Ca,Na,K,Zn,which are very important for biological metabolic system as well as human health.展开更多
Objective:To explore the larvicidal activity of Catharanthus roseus(C.roseus) leaf extract and Raeillus thuringiensis(B.thuringiensis) against the malarial vector Anopheles stephensi(An. stephensi),when being used alo...Objective:To explore the larvicidal activity of Catharanthus roseus(C.roseus) leaf extract and Raeillus thuringiensis(B.thuringiensis) against the malarial vector Anopheles stephensi(An. stephensi),when being used alone or together.Methods:The larvicidal activity was assayed at various concentrations under the laboratory and field conditions.The LC_(50) and LC_(90) values of the C.roseus leaf extract were determined by probit analysis.Results:The plant extract showed larvicidal effects after 24 h of exposure;however,the highest larval mortality was found in the petroleum ether extract of C.roseus against the first to fourth instars larvae with LC_(50)=3.34,4.48, 5.90 and 8.17 g/L,respectively;B.thuringiensis against the first to fourth instars larvae with LC_(50)=1.72.1.93.2.17 and 2.42 g/L.respectively:and the combined treatment with LC_(50)=2.18.2.41. 2.76 and 3.22 g/L,respectively.No mortality was observed in the control.Conclusions:The petroleum ether extract of C.roseus extract and B.thuringiensis have potential to be used as ideal eco-friendly agents for the control of An.stephensi in vector control programs.The combined treatment with this plant crude extract and bacterial toxin has better larvicidal efficacy against An.stephensi.展开更多
We evaluated the hypoglycemic and antioxi- dant effects of the total alkaloids of leaves and twigs of Catharanthus roseus Linn. （CTA） in streptozotocin （STZ）- induced diabetic rats. The hypoglycemic effect was mea...We evaluated the hypoglycemic and antioxi- dant effects of the total alkaloids of leaves and twigs of Catharanthus roseus Linn. （CTA） in streptozotocin （STZ）- induced diabetic rats. The hypoglycemic effect was mea- sured by blood glucose and plasma insulin level. Oxidative stress was measured in heart, liver and kidney by levels of antioxidant markers, free radical scavengers and lipid peroxides i.e. superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, glutathione （GSH） and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS）. Biochemical parameters, i.e. aspar- tate aminotransferase （AST）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, alkaline phosphate （ALP） were observed in diabetic control and treated rats. Oral administration of CTA for 30 days was followed by a significant （P 〈 0.05） decrease in fasting blood glucose and increase in insulin level as compared with untreated diabetic rats. Also it significantly （P 〈 0.05） reduced ALT, AST and ALP. The treatment also resulted in significant （P 〈 0.05） reductions in GSH, SOD, CAT, and decrease in TBARS in the heart, liver and kidney of diabetic rats. The results suggest that CTA can effectively normalize the impaired antioxidant status in STZ-induced diabetes in a dose-dependent manner.CTA exerted rapid protective effects against lipid peroxi- dation by scavenging of free radicals and reducing the risk of diabetic complications.展开更多
文摘Bentonite is a very useful material for improving soil properties,which enhances the ability of plants to grow and produce in different conditions.The experiment was carried out in an agricultural nursery in one of the areas of the City of Diwaniyah,in a house covered with green netting,with a shade rate of 25%,to study the effect of bentonite and humic acid on the growth and flowering of a Catharanthus roseus L.plant in sandy soil.The experiment included two factors:the first factor was bentonite clay,and the second factor was humic acid.Using a randomized complete block design(R.C.B.D)with three replications,data were analyzed using the analysis of variance(ANOVA)method,and comparison was made according to the least significant difference(L.S.D)test at a probability level of 0.05.The experiment consisted of adding bentonite clay at 0,2,6,and 8 g L-1,humic acid at 0,0.5,1,and 10 g L-1.The results showed that adding bentonite clay and humic acid to sandy soil can have a significant positive effect on the growth and flowering of the Catharanthus roseus plant grown in poor sandy soil conditions.Bentonite,clay and humic acid were added at concentrations of 8 and 10 g L-1,which led to an increase in plant height and number of leaves and leaf area.They reached 30.07,23.84 cm2,76.62,63.42 cm2 for leaf-1 and 24.73,20.22 cm2 for leaf-1,respectively.The results also showed an increase in the content of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)in leaves by 2.27,1.92,1.99%and 1.51,1.22,1.77%.This also led to an increase in chlorophyll pigment and anthocyanin at the highest concentration and gave the highest value.Therefore,adding bentonite and humic acid together gave the highest values in vegetative and chemical characteristics,compared to treatments without addition.
文摘This paper reports on the composition of fungal communities occurring on diseased tissues of Catharanthus roseus,which differed between organs.In total,ten different filamentous fungi were isolated,and the percentage of isolation varied significantly among the organs.Botrytis cinerea was the most prevalent fungus found on the plant’s aboveground parts,with a frequency exceeding 50%.On twigs,the occurrence rate was 95.6%.It was isolated from leaves with a frequency of 88%,followed by Aspergillus niger(71.66%),Alternaria alternata(67.33%),Cladosporium herbarum(61%),Fusarium oxysporum(50.66%),Epicoccum nigrum(57.66%),Curvularia lunata(49.66%),Trichoderma harzianum(40%),and Penicillium sp.(27%).Whereas,Fusarium genus was more represented and six species were recorded:F.subglutinans(26%),F.chlamydosporium(20%),F.vertillioides(15.66%),F.solani(10%),F.oxysporum and F.nivale.Results highlighted dissimilar distribution of Fusarium species was noted on Catharanthus tissues on which F.subglutinas,F.chlamydosporium and F.oxysporum coexist on leaves and roots while F.solani was retrieved from leaves against F.nivale from roots.The floral buds and pods harbored opportunist fungi such as B.cinerea,Alternaria alternata and E.nigrum.On roots,Aspergillus,Penicillium and Fusarium were the main genera occurring with the frequencies of 26%(F.chlamydosporium),40%(F.nivale),72.33%(A.niger),47.66%(A.flavus)and 37.66%(A.fumigatus).But no fungal species were detected on seeds of Catharanthus roseus.This is the first study to describe and enumerate the fungal complex associated with various symptoms on the aerial parts of Catharanthus roseus.
文摘A full habituated cell line C_ 20hi was screened from 2,4_D dependent line (C_ 20D) of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. The investigation involved the cell growth, ajmalicine production and enzyme activity related to indole alkaloid biosynthesis in both cell lines. These results indicated that C_ 20hi cells grew faster than C_ 20D cells, and average ajmalicine content in C_ 20hi cells was 18.4 times more than that in C_ 20D when cultured in the production medium. In the growth medium, average ajmalicine content in C_ 20hi cells was 31.9 times more than that in C_ 20D cells, while the cell growth has no obvious difference. The comparison of enzyme activities in C_ 20hi and C_ 20D cells indicated that tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), strictosidine synthase (SSS) and geraniol_10_dehydrogenase (G10H) activities have no close relation to ajmalicine accumulation, although the activities of these enzymes were higher when cells were cultured in the production medium than in the growth medium. The C_ 20hi cells are relatively stable in five years of culture.
文摘An experiment was conducted on Catharanthus roseus to study the effect of seed treatments with native diazotrophs on its seedling growth and antioxidant enzyme activities. The treatments had significant influence on various seedling parameters. There is no significant influence on dry matter production with the diazotrophs, Azospirillum and Azotobacter. However, the vital seedling parameters such as germination percentage and vigour index were improved. Azotobacter treatment influenced maximum of 50% germination, whereas Azospirillum and Azotobacter were on par with C. roseus with respect to their vigour index. There was significant difference in the population of total diazotrophs. Azospirillum and Azotobacter between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of C. roseus had the same trend and were observed at various locations of the study. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT) were increased to a significant extent due to the treatment with diazotrophs.
基金supported by DRDO.Ministry of Defence,Goverment of India,New Delhi(Grant No.DLS/81/4822/LSRB-224/SHDD)
文摘Objective:To develop a novel approach for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaves extracts of Catharanthus roseus(C.roseus) Linn.G.Don which has been proven aclive against malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum(P.falciparum).Methods:Characterizations were determined by using ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis) spectrophotometry,scanning electron microscopy(SEM).energy dispersive X-ray and X-ray diffraction.Results:SLM showed the formation of silver nanoparticles with an average size of 35-55 nm.X-ray diffraction analysts showed that the particles were crystalline in nature with face centred cubic structure of the hulk silver with the broad peaks at 32.4.46.4 and 28.0.Conclusions:It can be concluded that the leaves of C.roseus can he good source for synthesis of silver nanoparticle which shows aiitiplasmodial activity against P.falciparum.The important outcome of the study will he the development of value added products from medicinal plants C.roseus lor hionicdical and nanotechnology based industries.
基金Item supported by China national"863"high-tech program (2002AA212191)China ministry of educa-tion and science and technology commission of Shanghai(04XD14011)
文摘Catharanthus roseus contains important anti-tumor terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) such as vinblastine and vincristine. Cytochrome P450 enzyme geraniol 10-hydroxylase (G10H) is a putative rate-limiting enzyme involved in the TIAs biosynthetic pathway in C. roseus. In this study the g10h gene driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV 35S) promoter was introduced into C. roseus through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The integration and overexpression of the target gene (g10h) in hairy root lines were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and RT-QPCR analysis respectively. Overexpression of g10h in transgenic hairy root lines significantly enhanced the accumulations of monomeric alkaloid ajmalicine and dimeric alkaloids, vincristine and vinblastine. Total TIAs production in hairy roots reached (9.51) mg/g DW, over 3-fold higher than that in the untransformed root lines. This is the first report that engineering of g10h into TIAs-producing plant species results in significant enhancement of TIAs accumulation in cultured hairy roots. This study demonstrates that the putative rate-limiting step catalyzed by G10H is indeed the real rate-limiting step involved in the TIAs biosynthetic pathway in C. roseus, which is one of the key targets for promoting TIAs production by genetic engineering.
文摘Objective:To develop a simple rapid procedure for bioreduction of silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)using aqueous leaves extracts of Catharanthus roseus(C.roseus).Methods:Characterization were determined by using UV-Vis spectrophotometry,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray and X-ray diffraction.Results:SEM showed the formation of silver nanoparticles with an average size of 67 nm to 48 nm.X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the particles were crystalline in nature with face centered cubic geometry.Conclusions:C.roseus demonstrates strong potential for synthesis of silver nanoparticles by rapid reduction of silver ions(Ag^+ to Ag^0).This study provides evidence for developing large scale commercial production of value-added products for biomedical/nanotechnology-based industries.
基金The research was Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (30770338)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (C200511)
文摘A study was conducted to investigate the effects of high temperature on variations of alkaloid metabolism in C. roseus seedlings in Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongiang, China. 60-day-old C. roseus seedlings with 3-4 pairs of leaves were incubated in chambers with temperature of 30℃ and 40℃for short-term heat shock experiment and 20℃, 25℃ and 35℃ for long-term experiment. The contents of vindoline, catharanthine, vinblastine and vincristine in C. roseus leaves and root were checked at different temperatures in short term （1-6 h） and long term （1-16 d）. Results showed that under short-term heat shock, the contents of vindoline, catharanthine and vinblastine in leaves of the seedlings were higher at 40℃ than at 30℃, but after 6 h treatment, the contents of vindoline and catharanthine under the two temperatures came to the same level. Catharanthine was exclusively distributed in C. roseus roots and its content was increased by 40% after two hours incubation at 40℃, while increased slowly at 30℃ incubation and reached the highest value at 6 h. In the Long-term experiment, concentrations of monomeric alkaloids catharanthine and vindoline were higher at 20℃ than at 25℃ and had a sharp increase under the condition of 35℃. While for dimeric alkaloid, it showed that the higher the temperature, the earlier the peak value of vinblastine content appears. Vincristine had a continuous enhancement and attained 0.027 mg.g^-1 at 16th day under 35℃ condition which was higher than those in the other conditions. It was concluded that high temperature could promote the accumulation of different alkaloids in C. roseus and the accumulation characteristic is highly related to treatment time.
文摘Objective: To investigate the larvicidal and pupicidal activities of aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Catharanthus roseus ( C. roseus ) against malaria and filariasis vectors. Methods: The larvicidal and pupicidal activities of C. roseus leaf extracts were tested against the fourth instar larvae and pupae of Anopheles stephensi ( An. stephensi ) and Culex quinquefasciatus ( Cx. quinquefasciatus ). The mortality was observed after 24 and 48 h post the treatment. The data were subjected to probit analysis to determine the lethal concentrations (LC 50 and LC 90 ) at which 50% and 90% of the treated larvae or pupae of the tested species were killed. Results: The larval and pupal mortality were observed after 24 and 48 h of exposure of aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of C. roseus ; no mortality was observed in the control group. The LC 50 values against the fourth-instar larvae of An. stephensi were 68.62 and 72.04 mg/mL for the aqueous extract, 82.47 mg/mL for the ethyl acetate extract, and 78.80 and 86.64 mg/mL for the methanol extract, while the aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts had LC 50 values of 85.21, 76.84 and 94.20 mg/mL against the fourth-instar larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus . The aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts had LC 50 values of 118.08, 182.47 and 143.80 mg/mL against the pupae of An. stephensi and 146.20, 226.84 and 156.62 mg/mL against the pupae of Cx. quinquefasciatus , respectively. Conclusions: The aqueous and methanol extracts of C. roseus leaves had an excellent potential to control the malarial vector An. stephensi and filariasis vector Cx. quinquefasciatus .
文摘Objective:To investigate the interacting effects of co-administration of methanol leaf extract of Catharanthus roseus（C.roseus） on the hypoglycemic activity of metformin as well as glibenclamide using experimental rats.Methods:Phytochemical analysis as well as acute toxicity and lethality(LD<sub>50</sub>) test were carried out on its methanol leaf extract.The alloxan model for experimental induction of diabetes in rats was employed.Six groups comprising five rats each were used.GroupsⅡ,ⅢandⅣreceived 250 mg/kg of extract,100 mg/kg of metformin and 1 mg/kg of glibenclamide respectively,while V and VI were administered metformin-extract and glibenclamide-extract combinations respectively at doses as above.Group I served as negative control and received only distilled water.All administration was done once daily for seven days. Fasting blood glucose was determined at 2,12,24,72 and 168 h using a glucometer.One-way ANOVA with post-hoc tests was used to assess for significant difference due to administration of drug alone and with co-administration of drug and extract.Results:The LD<sub>50</sub> was 2 121.32 mg/kg. The phytochemical studies indicated the presence of saponins,tannins,alkaloids,phlotatannins, flavonoids,triterpenoids,reducing sugars,anthraquinones and glycosides.All medicaments significantly reduced blood glucose levels when compared with control alone（P【0.05） with the highest percentage reduction in blood glucose（64.86%） exhibited by metformin-extract combination.Conclusions:The leaf extract of C.roseus significandy increases the hypoglycemic effect of metformin.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DL09BA21)Special Fund for Forestry Scientific Research in the Public Interest(No.201204601)
文摘AIM:To establish a method to simultaneously determine the main five alkaloids of Catharanthus roseus for trace samples,a high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-ESI-MS/MS)analysis method was developed.METHOD:The five Catharanthus alkaloids,vinblastine,vincristine,vinleurosine,vindoline,and catharanthine were chromatographically separated on a C18 HPLC column.The mobile phase was methanol-15 nmol?L–1 ammonium acetate containing 0.02%formic acid(65:35,V/V).The quantification of these alkaloids was based on the Multiple Reaction Monitoring(MRM)mode.RESULTS:This method was validated,and the results achieved the aims of the study.The intra-and inter-day precision and accuracy of the five alkaloids were within 1.2%-11.5%(RSD%)and-10.9%-10.5%(RE%).The recovery rates of the five alkaloids of samples were from 79.9%to 91.5%.The five analytes were stable at room temperature for 2 h,at 4°C for 12 h,and at-20°C for two weeks.The developed method was applied successfully to determine the content of the five alkaloids in three plant parts of three batches of C.roseus with a minute amount collected from three regions of China.CONCLUSION:The HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method can be used for the simultaneous determination of five important alkaloids in trace C.roseus samples.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-27)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (2010003067)
文摘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus （CaLas）, an uncultured Gram-negative alphaproteobacterium, is the causal agent of Huanglongbing （HLB） in citrus. CaLas resides in phloem sieve tubes and has been shown to be unequally distributed in different tissues. Although HLB is a disease of citrus plants, it has been demonstrated that periwinkle can serve as an experimental host of CaLas, which can be transmitted from citrus to periwinkle via the parasitic plant dodder （Cuscuta spp.）. To investigate the distribution of CaLas in various periwinkle tissues, the bacteria were transmitted from an infected periwinkle plant to healthy periwinkles by top-grafting. The movement of the inoculum and associated titer changes were observed over time in various tissues. CaLas could be detected in the leaves, main stems, and roots of infected periwinkle by conventional PCR, and in all three tissues a clear time-dependent change in CaLas titer was observed, with titer increasing soon after inoculation and then decreasing as disease symptoms became severe. The highest titer was found at 25, 35 and 35 days after inoculation in leaves, main stems and roots, respectively. The titer in leaves was much higher than in the main stems and roots at the same time point, and the spatial distribution of CaLas in the leaves, main stems and roots of infected periwinkle was uneven, similar to what has been shown in citrus. The results provide guidance for selecting the proper periwinkle tissues and sampling times for early detection of CaLas.
基金The research was Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (C200511)
文摘Fifty cultivated Catharanthus roseus seedlings were selected for tip-pruning treatment and the effects of tip-pruning on seedling growth and source-sink regulation were investigated for revealing physiological mechanisms of plants. The results showed that tip-pruning treatment resulted in obvious inhibition of apical dominance and enhancement of branching numbers. The contents of soluble sugars, acid sucrose invertase activity (AI) had a great change in differently positional leaves of the seedling. The sink strength in tip leaves of seedlings dramatically declined after tip-pruning treatment, while that in the leaves at the middle and bottom of seedlings had no obvious changes. The inhibition of apical dominance of tip leaves of seedlings was caused by the diminished sink strength due to tip-pruning treatment,
文摘A self made gas-liquid jet bioreactor in spray flow mode is used in the two-stage multiple shoot culture of C. roseus. The experimental results show that the gas-liquid jet bioreactor is suitable for the multiple shoot culture of C. roseus in two stages, and the multiple shoots of C. roseus reach as high as 35g(dry wt.) · L-1 of biomass content and as high as 1.18% (dry wt.) of total indole alkaloids.
基金supported by Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
文摘Objective:To investigate the elemental composition of the leaves and flowers of Catharanthus roseus(C.roseus) due to the plant's wide application in the indigenous medicinal system and its chemical constituents' importance.Methods:The atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used for quantitative analysis of various elements.Results:Total 13 important elements were analyzed in leaves and flowers of C.roseus.Results indicated the presence of Na,K,Ca,Mg,Cr,Fe,Zn,Al,Cu,Ni,Pb,Cd and Mn in both leaves and flowers.The most important finding of the work was that,leaves of C.roseus showed high concentration of all elements except K and Zn while flowers of C.roseus showed higher concentration of K and Zn.Conclusions:The elemental composition in both leaves and flowers of C.roseus were found to be different.Therefore,different parts of this medicinal plant are enriched in some micro and macro nutrients like Fe,Ca,Na,K,Zn,which are very important for biological metabolic system as well as human health.
文摘Objective:To explore the larvicidal activity of Catharanthus roseus(C.roseus) leaf extract and Raeillus thuringiensis(B.thuringiensis) against the malarial vector Anopheles stephensi(An. stephensi),when being used alone or together.Methods:The larvicidal activity was assayed at various concentrations under the laboratory and field conditions.The LC_(50) and LC_(90) values of the C.roseus leaf extract were determined by probit analysis.Results:The plant extract showed larvicidal effects after 24 h of exposure;however,the highest larval mortality was found in the petroleum ether extract of C.roseus against the first to fourth instars larvae with LC_(50)=3.34,4.48, 5.90 and 8.17 g/L,respectively;B.thuringiensis against the first to fourth instars larvae with LC_(50)=1.72.1.93.2.17 and 2.42 g/L.respectively:and the combined treatment with LC_(50)=2.18.2.41. 2.76 and 3.22 g/L,respectively.No mortality was observed in the control.Conclusions:The petroleum ether extract of C.roseus extract and B.thuringiensis have potential to be used as ideal eco-friendly agents for the control of An.stephensi in vector control programs.The combined treatment with this plant crude extract and bacterial toxin has better larvicidal efficacy against An.stephensi.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Special Fund for Forestry Scientific Research in the Public Interest(201304601)
文摘We evaluated the hypoglycemic and antioxi- dant effects of the total alkaloids of leaves and twigs of Catharanthus roseus Linn. （CTA） in streptozotocin （STZ）- induced diabetic rats. The hypoglycemic effect was mea- sured by blood glucose and plasma insulin level. Oxidative stress was measured in heart, liver and kidney by levels of antioxidant markers, free radical scavengers and lipid peroxides i.e. superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, glutathione （GSH） and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS）. Biochemical parameters, i.e. aspar- tate aminotransferase （AST）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, alkaline phosphate （ALP） were observed in diabetic control and treated rats. Oral administration of CTA for 30 days was followed by a significant （P 〈 0.05） decrease in fasting blood glucose and increase in insulin level as compared with untreated diabetic rats. Also it significantly （P 〈 0.05） reduced ALT, AST and ALP. The treatment also resulted in significant （P 〈 0.05） reductions in GSH, SOD, CAT, and decrease in TBARS in the heart, liver and kidney of diabetic rats. The results suggest that CTA can effectively normalize the impaired antioxidant status in STZ-induced diabetes in a dose-dependent manner.CTA exerted rapid protective effects against lipid peroxi- dation by scavenging of free radicals and reducing the risk of diabetic complications.
