The article contains a list of 14 structured technical sheets on roots, rhizomes or tubers that will serve as guidance in improving the quality of health of people. The used method was through an active search for lit...The article contains a list of 14 structured technical sheets on roots, rhizomes or tubers that will serve as guidance in improving the quality of health of people. The used method was through an active search for literature that brought the observed aspects to the structuring of the technical sheets, i.e., literature that contains data related to composition, active ingredients, interaction (when described in the consulted literature), health condition in which they may be useful in helath care by various health professionals and anyone who may be of interest. The data obtained shows that there is a need for a careful evaluation of the foods (that contain roots, rhizomes, or tubers) used by polymedicated people due to possible interactions and incompatibilities that may exist.展开更多
Starch degradation in cells is closely associated with cereal seed germination, photosynthesis in leaves, carbohydrate storage in tuber and tuberous roots, and fleshy fruit development. Based on previously reported ...Starch degradation in cells is closely associated with cereal seed germination, photosynthesis in leaves, carbohydrate storage in tuber and tuberous roots, and fleshy fruit development. Based on previously reported in vitro assays, β amylase is considered as one of the key enzymes catalyzing starch breakdown, but up to date its role in starch breakdown in living cells remains unclear because the enzyme was shown often extrachloroplastic in living cells. Recently we have shown for the first time that β_amylase is predominantly immuno_localized to plastids in living cells of developing apple fruit. But it remains to know whether this model of β_amylase compartmentation is more widespread in plant living cells. The present experiment, conducted in tuberous root of sweet potato ( Ipomea batatas Lam. cv. Xushu 18) and via immunogold electron_microscopy technique, showed that β amylase visualized by gold particles was predominantly localized in plastids especially at periphery of starch granules, but the gold particles were scarcely found in other subcellular compartments, indicating that the enzyme is subcellularly compartmented in the same zone as its starch substrates. The density of gold particles (β amylase) in plastids was increasing during growing season, but the predominantly plastid_distributed pattern of β amylase in cells was shown unchanged throughout the tuberous root development. These data prove that the enzyme is compartmented in its functional sites, and so provide evidence to support the possible widespread biological function of the enzyme in catalyzing starch breakdown in plant living cells or at least in living cells of plant storage organs.展开更多
Some common staple roots and tubers (cassava, yam, sweet potato and yellow yam) were analyzed for selenium content level using hydride generation—atomic absorption spectrophotometry (HG-ASS) technique. Results for du...Some common staple roots and tubers (cassava, yam, sweet potato and yellow yam) were analyzed for selenium content level using hydride generation—atomic absorption spectrophotometry (HG-ASS) technique. Results for duplicate analysis revealed that sweet potato has the highest mean selenium content (19.2 ± 5.20 μg/kg), followed by yellow yam (18.3 ± 6.97 μg/kg), then yam (13.6 ± 7.12 μg/kg) and cassava the least (13.0 ± 5.84 μg/kg). In comparing our results with the literature values, most of the results obtained in this work such as <1.00, 1.09, 1.91, 2.35 and 11.0 μg/kg were lower while a few others like 52.6, 54.2, 72.3 and 81.8 μg/kg were higher than literature values. The variations could be due to the type of species/variety, geographical location, total selenium concentration in the soil and its bioavailability. In view of the importance of Se to human health and considering the levels found in the staples investigated, we recommend that sweet potato be popularized as a staple, much more than cassava as it is now the case in Central Nigeria.展开更多
目的系统评估不同肉色甘薯种质资源中多酚类物质的含量差异,揭示总酚与总黄酮的相关性。方法以84份甘薯种质为研究材料,采用福林酚比色法和三氯化铝比色法,分别测定块根中总酚和总黄酮含量。通过单因素方差分析,比较不同肉色材料间的差...目的系统评估不同肉色甘薯种质资源中多酚类物质的含量差异,揭示总酚与总黄酮的相关性。方法以84份甘薯种质为研究材料,采用福林酚比色法和三氯化铝比色法,分别测定块根中总酚和总黄酮含量。通过单因素方差分析,比较不同肉色材料间的差异,运用Pearson相关分析研究总酚与总黄酮含量间的关系,并采用K-均值聚类法对种质资源进行分类。结果甘薯块根总酚含量变幅为0.25~2.08 g GAE/100 g DW,紫肉品种[(1.57±0.34)g GAE/100 g DW]显著高于其他肉色品种(P<0.05);总黄酮含量范围为0.11~0.66 g RE/100 g DW,紫肉品种[(0.45±0.09)g RE/100 g DW]同样显著高于其他肉色品种(P<0.05);总酚与总黄酮含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.920,P<0.01);聚类分析将所有材料分为3类,其中Ⅰ类13份均为紫肉品种,具有最高的多酚类物质含量。结论在本研究收集的甘薯种质资源中,紫肉品种的总酚与总黄酮含量显著高于其他肉色类型,且二者表现出显著的协同积累趋势。因此,本研究所涉及的紫肉甘薯可作为多酚类物质的优良天然来源。聚类分析结果为甘薯的差异化利用提供参考,可选择高多酚类品种用于功能性食品开发,中低含量类群中的品种可用于鲜食或常规加工。展开更多
目的为探知天冬Asparagus cochinchinensis块根生长膨大的分子机制,对不同膨大期的天冬进行转录组测序,挖掘促使块根生长膨大的关键基因。方法以不同膨大期的天冬为材料,采用Illumina HiSeq高通量测序平台进行转录组测序,组装与注释后...目的为探知天冬Asparagus cochinchinensis块根生长膨大的分子机制,对不同膨大期的天冬进行转录组测序,挖掘促使块根生长膨大的关键基因。方法以不同膨大期的天冬为材料,采用Illumina HiSeq高通量测序平台进行转录组测序,组装与注释后进行差异表达基因(differential gene,DEGs)筛选。结果转录组测序共获得59.20 Gb clean data,Q30均不小于94.23%,共得到99930条Unigene,其中47857条被注释。3种不同膨大状态的天冬中的DEGs有1429个,GO富集结果表明,3种不同膨大期天冬的DEGs主要富集于细胞过程、代谢过程、结合力与催化活性等功能,同源蛋白簇(clusters of orthologous groups,COG)富集结果表明,3种不同膨大期的天冬中DEGs主要富集于信号转导机制、碳水化合物转运代谢以及细胞壁/膜/被膜的生物合成。京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)富集分析显示,与根膨大相关的通路[植物激素信号传导、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinases,MAPK)信号通路、淀粉与蔗糖代谢以及苯丙烷生物合成]为DEGs代表性富集通路。结合差异基因的注释信息以及表达量情况分析表明,多种酶类(SAUR、XTH、LRR-RLPK、SPP、EG、BGLU、TPP、AMY、BAMY、PAL、PER)参与天冬块根膨大,其中XTH可能是影响天冬块根的膨大发育过程的最主要的酶类。结论通过对不同膨大状态天冬的高通量转录组测序,揭示了天冬块根生长膨大的关键酶基因,可为天冬根系生长膨大的生物学机制提供参考。展开更多
Malania oleifera(Olacaceae)is a valued tree species,mostly because its seeds have high precious fatty acid content(particularly nervonic acid).However,seedling mortality rates are often high and regeneration of this t...Malania oleifera(Olacaceae)is a valued tree species,mostly because its seeds have high precious fatty acid content(particularly nervonic acid).However,seedling mortality rates are often high and regeneration of this tree has been problematic,which greatly hinders its utilization at a large scale.Cultivation difficulties of some tree species in the family Olacaceae have been attributed to their root hemiparasitic habit.Prompted by field observations and the taxonomic proximity of M.oleifera to root hemiparasites in Olacaceae,we hypothesized that tuberous structures observed on the roots of M.oleifera are parasitic organs known as haustoria.To test this hypothesis,we collected root samples from M.oleifera plants of various ages and growth conditions,investigated the morphological and anatomical features of tuberous structures and their connections to neighboring roots.Our analyses confirmed that M.oleifera are root hemiparasites.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first empirical report on root hemiparasitism in M.oleifera.Because life strategies of root hemiparasitic plants differ greatly from autotrophic plants,the root hemiparasitic habit needs to be taken into account for successful seedling regeneration of M.oleifera.This study establishes the foundation for investigations into a long-neglected but essential aspect in research of these highly valued tree species.展开更多
文摘The article contains a list of 14 structured technical sheets on roots, rhizomes or tubers that will serve as guidance in improving the quality of health of people. The used method was through an active search for literature that brought the observed aspects to the structuring of the technical sheets, i.e., literature that contains data related to composition, active ingredients, interaction (when described in the consulted literature), health condition in which they may be useful in helath care by various health professionals and anyone who may be of interest. The data obtained shows that there is a need for a careful evaluation of the foods (that contain roots, rhizomes, or tubers) used by polymedicated people due to possible interactions and incompatibilities that may exist.
文摘Starch degradation in cells is closely associated with cereal seed germination, photosynthesis in leaves, carbohydrate storage in tuber and tuberous roots, and fleshy fruit development. Based on previously reported in vitro assays, β amylase is considered as one of the key enzymes catalyzing starch breakdown, but up to date its role in starch breakdown in living cells remains unclear because the enzyme was shown often extrachloroplastic in living cells. Recently we have shown for the first time that β_amylase is predominantly immuno_localized to plastids in living cells of developing apple fruit. But it remains to know whether this model of β_amylase compartmentation is more widespread in plant living cells. The present experiment, conducted in tuberous root of sweet potato ( Ipomea batatas Lam. cv. Xushu 18) and via immunogold electron_microscopy technique, showed that β amylase visualized by gold particles was predominantly localized in plastids especially at periphery of starch granules, but the gold particles were scarcely found in other subcellular compartments, indicating that the enzyme is subcellularly compartmented in the same zone as its starch substrates. The density of gold particles (β amylase) in plastids was increasing during growing season, but the predominantly plastid_distributed pattern of β amylase in cells was shown unchanged throughout the tuberous root development. These data prove that the enzyme is compartmented in its functional sites, and so provide evidence to support the possible widespread biological function of the enzyme in catalyzing starch breakdown in plant living cells or at least in living cells of plant storage organs.
文摘Some common staple roots and tubers (cassava, yam, sweet potato and yellow yam) were analyzed for selenium content level using hydride generation—atomic absorption spectrophotometry (HG-ASS) technique. Results for duplicate analysis revealed that sweet potato has the highest mean selenium content (19.2 ± 5.20 μg/kg), followed by yellow yam (18.3 ± 6.97 μg/kg), then yam (13.6 ± 7.12 μg/kg) and cassava the least (13.0 ± 5.84 μg/kg). In comparing our results with the literature values, most of the results obtained in this work such as <1.00, 1.09, 1.91, 2.35 and 11.0 μg/kg were lower while a few others like 52.6, 54.2, 72.3 and 81.8 μg/kg were higher than literature values. The variations could be due to the type of species/variety, geographical location, total selenium concentration in the soil and its bioavailability. In view of the importance of Se to human health and considering the levels found in the staples investigated, we recommend that sweet potato be popularized as a staple, much more than cassava as it is now the case in Central Nigeria.
文摘目的系统评估不同肉色甘薯种质资源中多酚类物质的含量差异,揭示总酚与总黄酮的相关性。方法以84份甘薯种质为研究材料,采用福林酚比色法和三氯化铝比色法,分别测定块根中总酚和总黄酮含量。通过单因素方差分析,比较不同肉色材料间的差异,运用Pearson相关分析研究总酚与总黄酮含量间的关系,并采用K-均值聚类法对种质资源进行分类。结果甘薯块根总酚含量变幅为0.25~2.08 g GAE/100 g DW,紫肉品种[(1.57±0.34)g GAE/100 g DW]显著高于其他肉色品种(P<0.05);总黄酮含量范围为0.11~0.66 g RE/100 g DW,紫肉品种[(0.45±0.09)g RE/100 g DW]同样显著高于其他肉色品种(P<0.05);总酚与总黄酮含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.920,P<0.01);聚类分析将所有材料分为3类,其中Ⅰ类13份均为紫肉品种,具有最高的多酚类物质含量。结论在本研究收集的甘薯种质资源中,紫肉品种的总酚与总黄酮含量显著高于其他肉色类型,且二者表现出显著的协同积累趋势。因此,本研究所涉及的紫肉甘薯可作为多酚类物质的优良天然来源。聚类分析结果为甘薯的差异化利用提供参考,可选择高多酚类品种用于功能性食品开发,中低含量类群中的品种可用于鲜食或常规加工。
文摘目的为探知天冬Asparagus cochinchinensis块根生长膨大的分子机制,对不同膨大期的天冬进行转录组测序,挖掘促使块根生长膨大的关键基因。方法以不同膨大期的天冬为材料,采用Illumina HiSeq高通量测序平台进行转录组测序,组装与注释后进行差异表达基因(differential gene,DEGs)筛选。结果转录组测序共获得59.20 Gb clean data,Q30均不小于94.23%,共得到99930条Unigene,其中47857条被注释。3种不同膨大状态的天冬中的DEGs有1429个,GO富集结果表明,3种不同膨大期天冬的DEGs主要富集于细胞过程、代谢过程、结合力与催化活性等功能,同源蛋白簇(clusters of orthologous groups,COG)富集结果表明,3种不同膨大期的天冬中DEGs主要富集于信号转导机制、碳水化合物转运代谢以及细胞壁/膜/被膜的生物合成。京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)富集分析显示,与根膨大相关的通路[植物激素信号传导、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinases,MAPK)信号通路、淀粉与蔗糖代谢以及苯丙烷生物合成]为DEGs代表性富集通路。结合差异基因的注释信息以及表达量情况分析表明,多种酶类(SAUR、XTH、LRR-RLPK、SPP、EG、BGLU、TPP、AMY、BAMY、PAL、PER)参与天冬块根膨大,其中XTH可能是影响天冬块根的膨大发育过程的最主要的酶类。结论通过对不同膨大状态天冬的高通量转录组测序,揭示了天冬块根生长膨大的关键酶基因,可为天冬根系生长膨大的生物学机制提供参考。
基金financially supported by funding for Airong Li from Yunnan Ten Thousand Talents Plan Young and Elite Talents Project (YNWR-QNBJ-2018-092)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences (2011276)+2 种基金Young Academic and Technical Leader Raising Foundation of Yunnan Province (2014HB047)funding for Yunju Li from Young Academic and Technical Leader Raising Foundation of Yunnan Province (2019HB060)Yunnan Science and Technology Innovation Team Program (Grant No. 2019HC015)
文摘Malania oleifera(Olacaceae)is a valued tree species,mostly because its seeds have high precious fatty acid content(particularly nervonic acid).However,seedling mortality rates are often high and regeneration of this tree has been problematic,which greatly hinders its utilization at a large scale.Cultivation difficulties of some tree species in the family Olacaceae have been attributed to their root hemiparasitic habit.Prompted by field observations and the taxonomic proximity of M.oleifera to root hemiparasites in Olacaceae,we hypothesized that tuberous structures observed on the roots of M.oleifera are parasitic organs known as haustoria.To test this hypothesis,we collected root samples from M.oleifera plants of various ages and growth conditions,investigated the morphological and anatomical features of tuberous structures and their connections to neighboring roots.Our analyses confirmed that M.oleifera are root hemiparasites.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first empirical report on root hemiparasitism in M.oleifera.Because life strategies of root hemiparasitic plants differ greatly from autotrophic plants,the root hemiparasitic habit needs to be taken into account for successful seedling regeneration of M.oleifera.This study establishes the foundation for investigations into a long-neglected but essential aspect in research of these highly valued tree species.
