A root system is any collection of vectors that has properties that satisfy the roots of a semi simple Lie algebra. If g is semi simple, then the root system A, (Q) can be described as a system of vectors in a Euclide...A root system is any collection of vectors that has properties that satisfy the roots of a semi simple Lie algebra. If g is semi simple, then the root system A, (Q) can be described as a system of vectors in a Euclidean vector space that possesses some remarkable symmetries and completely defines the Lie algebra of g. The purpose of this paper is to show the essentiality of the root system on the Lie algebra. In addition, the paper will mention the connection between the root system and Ways chambers. In addition, we will show Dynkin diagrams, which are an integral part of the root system.展开更多
The retreat of cliffs(lateral expansion)within tidal creeks results in a net loss of saltmarshes,but this retreat process can be retarded by root systems.To understand the interaction between root presence and bank se...The retreat of cliffs(lateral expansion)within tidal creeks results in a net loss of saltmarshes,but this retreat process can be retarded by root systems.To understand the interaction between root presence and bank sediment,quantitative measurements of two saltmarsh species root systems(Atriplex portulacoides and Juncus maritima)were carried out in a saltmarsh in Southern England,and their relationships with bank stability were examined.Computed Tomography(CT)Scanning techniques were used to investigate three-dimensional root architecture.The data obtained(e.g.,root volume,diameter,and distribution patterns of roots)were examined alongside more traditional root density measurements.The volumetric percentage,ratio between horizontal(lateral)and vertical roots(H/V ratio),and root diameter distribution are discussed in relation to their influence on bank sediment erosion threshold and shear strength.The results suggest that Atriplex portulacoides is more effective than Juncus maritimus in stabilising banks.This is because root systems that provide a high resistance to flow-induced erosion are better than those that provide a high resistance to gravity-induced erosion in stabilising cliff banks.This conclusion is relevant to future saltmarsh protection and re-establishment.展开更多
In order to investigate the differences of macropores vertical distribution under different surface plants, and to assess the influences of root systems, organic matter and texture on macropore flow paths, two dye tra...In order to investigate the differences of macropores vertical distribution under different surface plants, and to assess the influences of root systems, organic matter and texture on macropore flow paths, two dye tracer infiltration experiments were performed in slopes under two different plants(Campylotropis polyantha(Franch.) Schindl vs. Cynodon dactylon(Linn.) Pers). Dye tracer infiltration experiments with field observations and measurements of soil properties were combined. Results show that the discrepancy in macropores distribution between two slopes under different plants is significant. Root systems have significant effects on macropore flow paths distribution and the effect become more pronounced as the diameter of roots become larger. Organic matter and stone are important factors to affect macropores distribution. Root-soil interface, inter-aggregate macropore and stone-soil interface are important macropore flow paths in well vegetated slopes.展开更多
The phytoparasites of the Orobanchaceae family invade the root systems of host plants such as sorghum(Sorghum bicolor),maize(Zea mays),and tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)by producing haustoria,which competitively take up...The phytoparasites of the Orobanchaceae family invade the root systems of host plants such as sorghum(Sorghum bicolor),maize(Zea mays),and tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)by producing haustoria,which competitively take up water and nutrients from the host,ultimately causing serious yield losses(Li et al.,2023).Seed germination of phytoparasitic species is triggered by the specific perception of host-derived strigolactones(SLs),a class of phytohormone biosynthesized through the carotenoid pathway,which activate downstream signal transduction by interacting with the DWARF14(D14)receptor and its homologs,regulating critical physiological processes,such as branch development,nutrient uptake,and stress responses in various plants(Hu et al.,2024).展开更多
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular system involvement is an important determinant of long-term prognosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Aneurysmal dilatation of the aortic root combined with Stanford type...INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular system involvement is an important determinant of long-term prognosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Aneurysmal dilatation of the aortic root combined with Stanford type A aortic dissection(TAAD)is a highly catastrophic complication in these patients.展开更多
Let L be a simple Lie algebra with irreducible root system. having roots of different length, F be a field of charaCteristic different from 2, G = L(F) be a Chevalley group of type L over F. Denote by Φl the set of a...Let L be a simple Lie algebra with irreducible root system. having roots of different length, F be a field of charaCteristic different from 2, G = L(F) be a Chevalley group of type L over F. Denote by Φl the set of all long roots in Φl Set Gl = <xr (t); f∈EΦl,t∈F>. It is a subgroup of G generated by all the long root subgroups. This paper determines the pronormality of Gl in G when L is not of type G2.展开更多
The long-distance signaling network allowing a plant to properly develop its root system is crucial to optimize root foraging in areas where nutrients are available. Cytokinin is an essential element of the systemic s...The long-distance signaling network allowing a plant to properly develop its root system is crucial to optimize root foraging in areas where nutrients are available. Cytokinin is an essential element of the systemic signaling network leading to the enhancement of lateral root proliferation in areas where nitrate is available. Here,we explore more precisely：（i） which particular traits of lateral root growth（density and length of emerged lateral roots） are the targets of systemic signaling in a context of heterogeneous nitrate supply; and（ii） if the systemic signaling depends only on cytokinin or on a combination of several signalings.展开更多
文摘A root system is any collection of vectors that has properties that satisfy the roots of a semi simple Lie algebra. If g is semi simple, then the root system A, (Q) can be described as a system of vectors in a Euclidean vector space that possesses some remarkable symmetries and completely defines the Lie algebra of g. The purpose of this paper is to show the essentiality of the root system on the Lie algebra. In addition, the paper will mention the connection between the root system and Ways chambers. In addition, we will show Dynkin diagrams, which are an integral part of the root system.
基金supported by a Dorothy Hodgkin Postgraduate Award(Grant No.EP/P500753/1)the preparation of the manuscript was funded by a NSFC Project(Grant No.41776096).
文摘The retreat of cliffs(lateral expansion)within tidal creeks results in a net loss of saltmarshes,but this retreat process can be retarded by root systems.To understand the interaction between root presence and bank sediment,quantitative measurements of two saltmarsh species root systems(Atriplex portulacoides and Juncus maritima)were carried out in a saltmarsh in Southern England,and their relationships with bank stability were examined.Computed Tomography(CT)Scanning techniques were used to investigate three-dimensional root architecture.The data obtained(e.g.,root volume,diameter,and distribution patterns of roots)were examined alongside more traditional root density measurements.The volumetric percentage,ratio between horizontal(lateral)and vertical roots(H/V ratio),and root diameter distribution are discussed in relation to their influence on bank sediment erosion threshold and shear strength.The results suggest that Atriplex portulacoides is more effective than Juncus maritimus in stabilising banks.This is because root systems that provide a high resistance to flow-induced erosion are better than those that provide a high resistance to gravity-induced erosion in stabilising cliff banks.This conclusion is relevant to future saltmarsh protection and re-establishment.
基金Project(U1502232)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Yunan Joint FundProject(KKSY201406009)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Kunming University of Science and Technology,ChinaProject(2014FD007)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province,China
文摘In order to investigate the differences of macropores vertical distribution under different surface plants, and to assess the influences of root systems, organic matter and texture on macropore flow paths, two dye tracer infiltration experiments were performed in slopes under two different plants(Campylotropis polyantha(Franch.) Schindl vs. Cynodon dactylon(Linn.) Pers). Dye tracer infiltration experiments with field observations and measurements of soil properties were combined. Results show that the discrepancy in macropores distribution between two slopes under different plants is significant. Root systems have significant effects on macropore flow paths distribution and the effect become more pronounced as the diameter of roots become larger. Organic matter and stone are important factors to affect macropores distribution. Root-soil interface, inter-aggregate macropore and stone-soil interface are important macropore flow paths in well vegetated slopes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32470364 and 32370321)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(2025JC-JCQN-056 and 2024JC-YBMS-151)+2 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2025A1515012749)the Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Chemistry&Biology(22JHQ054 and 22JHZ007)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(D5000230089).
文摘The phytoparasites of the Orobanchaceae family invade the root systems of host plants such as sorghum(Sorghum bicolor),maize(Zea mays),and tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)by producing haustoria,which competitively take up water and nutrients from the host,ultimately causing serious yield losses(Li et al.,2023).Seed germination of phytoparasitic species is triggered by the specific perception of host-derived strigolactones(SLs),a class of phytohormone biosynthesized through the carotenoid pathway,which activate downstream signal transduction by interacting with the DWARF14(D14)receptor and its homologs,regulating critical physiological processes,such as branch development,nutrient uptake,and stress responses in various plants(Hu et al.,2024).
文摘INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular system involvement is an important determinant of long-term prognosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Aneurysmal dilatation of the aortic root combined with Stanford type A aortic dissection(TAAD)is a highly catastrophic complication in these patients.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.19671079).
文摘Let L be a simple Lie algebra with irreducible root system. having roots of different length, F be a field of charaCteristic different from 2, G = L(F) be a Chevalley group of type L over F. Denote by Φl the set of all long roots in Φl Set Gl = <xr (t); f∈EΦl,t∈F>. It is a subgroup of G generated by all the long root subgroups. This paper determines the pronormality of Gl in G when L is not of type G2.
基金supported by the Plant Biology and Breeding Department of the French National Institute for Agricultural Research(INRA-BAP2014-VARNET to SR)NSF MCB1412232 to GMC,and NSF Nutri Net IOS1339362 to SR and GMC)+1 种基金Region Languedoc Roussillon(“Chercheur d’Avenir”to BL)supported by a CJS doctoral fellowship from INRA
文摘The long-distance signaling network allowing a plant to properly develop its root system is crucial to optimize root foraging in areas where nutrients are available. Cytokinin is an essential element of the systemic signaling network leading to the enhancement of lateral root proliferation in areas where nitrate is available. Here,we explore more precisely：（i） which particular traits of lateral root growth（density and length of emerged lateral roots） are the targets of systemic signaling in a context of heterogeneous nitrate supply; and（ii） if the systemic signaling depends only on cytokinin or on a combination of several signalings.
