Americans have always been proud of their democratic system. Since the end of World War Ⅱ, the United States has even used its democratic system as a template to “democratize” some other countries. However, in rece...Americans have always been proud of their democratic system. Since the end of World War Ⅱ, the United States has even used its democratic system as a template to “democratize” some other countries. However, in recent years, the domestic democratic chaos in the United States has intensified, causing widespread doubts about the American political system and its democratic model.展开更多
In the production industry, safety is the focus object, especially in the metallurgical industry where safety accidents are more frequent. Enterprises develop steadily in the market, safety is the unshakable foundatio...In the production industry, safety is the focus object, especially in the metallurgical industry where safety accidents are more frequent. Enterprises develop steadily in the market, safety is the unshakable foundation, but also the production cornerstone to ensure industry competition. In the field of metallurgy, the production process is extremely complex, which is easy to cause explosion and burning accidents in the production process. At the same time, in the current mechanical automatic production, it is also easy to produce mechanical safety accidents. The reason is mainly caused by improper safety management. Therefore, this paper focuses on the analysis of frequent metallurgical safety production accidents, and constantly with the management concept of safety production, targeted research strategies to reduce safety accidents, and then provide reference for safe production in the metallurgical industry.展开更多
Accurate fault root cause diagnosis is essential for ensuring stable industrial production. Traditional methods, which typically rely on the entire time series and overlook critical local features, can lead to biased ...Accurate fault root cause diagnosis is essential for ensuring stable industrial production. Traditional methods, which typically rely on the entire time series and overlook critical local features, can lead to biased inferences about causal relationships, thus hindering the accurate identification of root cause variables. This study proposed a shapelet-based state evolution graph for fault root cause diagnosis (SEG-RCD), which enables causal inference through the analysis of the important local features. First, the regularized autoencoder and fault contribution plot are used to identify the fault onset time and candidate root cause variables, respectively. Then, the most representative shapelets were extracted to construct a state evolution graph. Finally, the propagation path was extracted based on fault unit shapelets to pinpoint the fault root cause variable. The SEG-RCD can reduce the interference of noncausal information, enhancing the accuracy and interpretability of fault root cause diagnosis. The superiority of the proposed SEG-RCD was verified through experiments on a simulated penicillin fermentation process and an actual one.展开更多
There are 36 counties affirmed to be aid-poverty-development county in the early 21st century, which distribute around the circumferential mountain of Sichuan Basin, According to the topographic features and the distr...There are 36 counties affirmed to be aid-poverty-development county in the early 21st century, which distribute around the circumferential mountain of Sichuan Basin, According to the topographic features and the distribution of nationality, these aid-poverty-development counties can be classified into 4 depressed-regions. Study shows that regional poverty performance of 4 depressed-regions not only has many commons in the field of regional economic structure and industry structure, which is far behind the average development performance of Sichuan in the field of economic sum per capita such as GDP, farmer net income per capita as well as retail scale consumer goods, it is also quite different related to infrastructure and social development within 4 depressed-regions. Regional Poverty is chronically resulted in interaction of the multi-factors. Natural condition constraint is the basic factor contributed to regional poverty, policy influences play key role, the poor culture is inherent factor to regional poverty and the marginal locations play important role.展开更多
Desertification and dust storms and their impact on the Chinese economy and the environment were examined. A context was established using the best information available on the trends of desertification and dust storm...Desertification and dust storms and their impact on the Chinese economy and the environment were examined. A context was established using the best information available on the trends of desertification and dust storms in China. Building on the context, the second section the root causes of desertification and dust storms were examined. Several myths were sought to be identified about some core issues surrounding desertification and dust storms. China’s National Action Plan to combat desertification was reviewed and the effectiveness of existing strategies and programs for mitigating the adverse effects of desertification and dust storms were discussed. The future research needed was pointed out.展开更多
Root-cause identification plays a vital role in business decision making by providing effective future directions for the organizations.Aspect extraction and sentiment extraction plays a vital role in identifying the ...Root-cause identification plays a vital role in business decision making by providing effective future directions for the organizations.Aspect extraction and sentiment extraction plays a vital role in identifying the rootcauses.This paper proposes the Ensemble based temporal weighting and pareto ranking(ETP)model for Root-cause identification.Aspect extraction is performed based on rules and is followed by opinion identification using the proposed boosted ensemble model.The obtained aspects are validated and ranked using the proposed aspect weighing scheme.Pareto-rule based aspect selection is performed as the final selection mechanism and the results are presented for business decision making.Experiments were performed with the standard five product benchmark dataset.Performances on all five product reviews indicate the effective performance of the proposed model.Comparisons are performed using three standard state-of-the-art models and effectiveness is measured in terms of F-Measure and Detection rates.The results indicate improved performances exhibited by the proposed model with an increase in F-Measure levels at 1%–15%and detection rates at 4%–24%compared to the state-of-the-art models.展开更多
Modern industrial systems are usually in large scale,consisting of massive components and variables that form a complex system topology.Owing to the interconnections among devices,a fault may occur and propagate to ex...Modern industrial systems are usually in large scale,consisting of massive components and variables that form a complex system topology.Owing to the interconnections among devices,a fault may occur and propagate to exert widespread influences and lead to a variety of alarms.Obtaining the root causes of alarms is beneficial to the decision supports in making corrective alarm responses.Existing data-driven methods for alarm root cause analysis detect causal relations among alarms mainly based on historical alarm event data.To improve the accuracy,this paper proposes a causal fusion inference method for industrial alarm root cause analysis based on process topology and alarm events.A Granger causality inference method considering process topology is exploited to find out the causal relations among alarms.The topological nodes are used as the inputs of the model,and the alarm causal adjacency matrix between alarm variables is obtained by calculating the likelihood of the topological Hawkes process.The root cause is then obtained from the directed acyclic graph(DAG)among alarm variables.The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulations based on both a numerical example and the Tennessee Eastman process(TEP)model.展开更多
A distributed information network with complex network structure always has a challenge of locating fault root causes.In this paper,we propose a novel root cause analysis(RCA)method by random walk on the weighted faul...A distributed information network with complex network structure always has a challenge of locating fault root causes.In this paper,we propose a novel root cause analysis(RCA)method by random walk on the weighted fault propagation graph.Different from other RCA methods,it mines effective features information related to root causes from offline alarms.Combined with the information,online alarms and graph relationship of network structure are used to construct a weighted graph.Thus,this approach does not require operational experience and can be widely applied in different distributed networks.The proposed method can be used in multiple fault location cases.The experiment results show the proposed approach achieves much better performance with 6%higher precision at least for root fault location,compared with three baseline methods.Besides,we explain how the optimal parameter’s value in the random walk algorithm influences RCA results.展开更多
The paper discusses the framework for a risk-informed root cause analysis process.Such process enables scaling of the analysis performed based on the risk associated with the undesired event or condition,thereby creat...The paper discusses the framework for a risk-informed root cause analysis process.Such process enables scaling of the analysis performed based on the risk associated with the undesired event or condition,thereby creating tiers of analysis where the greater the risk,the more sophisticated the analysis.In a risk-informed root cause analysis process,a situation is normally not analyzed at a level less than what actually occurred.However,a situation may be investigated as though the consequence were greater than actually happened,especially if only slight differences in circumstances could result in a significantly higher consequence.While operational events or safety issues are normally expected to result only with negligible or marginal actual consequences,many of those would actually have certain potential to develop or propagate into catastrophic events.This potential can be expressed qualitatively or quantitatively.Risk-informing of root cause analysis relies on mapping the event or safety issue into a risk matrix which,traditionally,is a two-dimensional probability-consequence matrix.A new concept employed in the risk matrix for root cause analysis is that,while the probability reflects the observed or expected range of values(retaining,thus,its“traditional”meaning),the consequence reflects not only the observed or materialized impact(such as failure of equipment)but,also,its potential to propagate or develop into highly undesirable final state.The paper presents main elements of risk-informed root cause analysis process and discusses qualitative and quantitative aspects and approaches to determination of risk significance of operational events or safety issues.展开更多
Based on the translated version of“The Root Cause of Poverty”by Rutger Bregman on the Ted speech online platform,this research analyzes the application of direct borrowing,imitative translation and creative translat...Based on the translated version of“The Root Cause of Poverty”by Rutger Bregman on the Ted speech online platform,this research analyzes the application of direct borrowing,imitative translation and creative translation in English-Chinese translation.First,we believe the direct borrowing of a ready-made version is most ideal as it reveals the common ground both languages share when translating a source text.Next,it is preferable to imitate an already existing expression as similarity is reader-friendly.However,it is sometimes necessary to adopt creative translation to preserve differences to ensure that the meaning of the original language is accurately transmitted.展开更多
This paper is mainly written to explore how cultural differences and clashes between America and China give rise to mother-daughter discords and conflicts. The paper was conducted based on the definition of culture in...This paper is mainly written to explore how cultural differences and clashes between America and China give rise to mother-daughter discords and conflicts. The paper was conducted based on the definition of culture in order to make clear of cultural conflicts. It is written to analyze the two groups of women immigrants unavoidably encountering the clash between their ancestral culture—Chinese culture and the dominant culture--American culture. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates that the mothers' Chinese roots are the root cause of misunderstandings and conflicts between their American-born daughters and themselves.Besides, the writer analyzes that different standpoints towards education value between mothers and American- born daughters cause their misunderstanding and conflicts. The conclusion is that the diversities between Chinese culture and American culture are the root cause for the mother-daughter discords and conflicts.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the suitable time of treating virulent and side effects of chemotherapy for malignant tumor by acupoint injection of Astragalus Root injection. Methods: Sixty three patients with malignant tu...Objective: To investigate the suitable time of treating virulent and side effects of chemotherapy for malignant tumor by acupoint injection of Astragalus Root injection. Methods: Sixty three patients with malignant tumor were divided into three groups: prevention treatment (PT) group (n=23 cases),post chemotherapy treatment (PCT) group( n=22 cases), Western medicine (WM) group ( n=18 cases). The patients in PT, PCT and WM groups were treated respectively from the fifth day on before chemotherapy and from the first day on after chemotherapy, 18 days in all. The patients in WM group were administered Batilol and Leucogen from the first day on after chemotherapy. Changes of leukocytes and immunoglobulin before and after treatment were observed. Results: 1) Acupoint injection of Astragalus Root injectio could increase the number of leukocytes and immunoglobulin content and its effect was better than that of Western medicine (P<0.05); 2) The effect of PT group was better than that of PCT group in preventing and treating virulent and side effects of chemotherapy (P<0.05). Conclusion: It should be stressed on prevention of malignant tumor by using acupoint injection of Astragalus Root for relieving virulent and side effects of chemotherapy.展开更多
Background:Nurses'turnover has been a major concern globally,which is strongly influenced by nurses'intent to leave.However,only a few large sample studies on the predictive factors associated with nurses'...Background:Nurses'turnover has been a major concern globally,which is strongly influenced by nurses'intent to leave.However,only a few large sample studies on the predictive factors associated with nurses'turnover intention were conducted in Jiangsu Province.This study mainly aims to examine the level and factors that influence nurses to leave their work in Jiangsu Province of Eastern China.Methods:A cross-sectional survey of 1978 nurses was conducted at 48 hospitals in 14 key cities throughout Jiangsu Province.The turnover intention in nurses was measured by the scale of intent to leave the profession.The work environment of nurses was measured by the Chinese version of the Practice Environment Scale.A multiple linear regression model was applied to analyse the factors associated with turnover intention.Results:The resignation rate of nurses in the hospitals of Jiangsu Province ranged from 0.64%to 12.71%in 2016.The mean scores were 15.50±3.44 for turnover intention,and 3.06±0.51 for work environment.Involvement in hospital affairs,resource adequacy,age,professional title,year(s)working,employment type and education level were the predictors of nurse intent to leave(P<0.05).Conclusion:The work environment of nurses in hospitals must be improved in staffing and resource and nurses'involvement in hospital affairs.The current study corroborates that nurses have high turnover intention.Thus,effective measures are needed to improve nurse accomplishment,professional status,participation in hospital affairs and career planning to reduce their turnover intention.展开更多
Dry valleys are a striking geographic landscape in Hengduan Mountains Region and are characterized by low rainfall, desert type of vegetation and fragile environment. Past efforts and resources have been concentrated ...Dry valleys are a striking geographic landscape in Hengduan Mountains Region and are characterized by low rainfall, desert type of vegetation and fragile environment. Past efforts and resources have been concentrated mainly on rehabilitation of degraded ecosystem and fragile environment, particularly reforestation, while socio-economic development has been largely overlooked. Despite successes in pocket areas, the overall trend of unsustainability and environmental deterioration are continuing. It is important to understand that uplift of the Tibetan Plateau is the root cause of development of dry valleys, and development and formation of dry valleys is a natural process. Human intervention has played a secondary role in development of dry valleys and degradation of dry valleys though human intervention in many cases has speeded up environmental degradation of the dry valleys. It is important to understand that dry valleys are climatic enclaves and an integrated approach that combines rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems and socio-economic development should be adopted if the overall goal of sustainable development of dry valleys is to be achieved. Promotion of niche-based cash crops, rural energy including hydropower, solar energy, biogas and fuelwood plantation is recommended as the priority activities.展开更多
For efficient use of value stream mapping(VSM)for multi-varieties and small batch production in a data-rich environment enabled by Industry 4.0 technologies,a systematic framework of VSM to rejuvenate traditional lean...For efficient use of value stream mapping(VSM)for multi-varieties and small batch production in a data-rich environment enabled by Industry 4.0 technologies,a systematic framework of VSM to rejuvenate traditional lean tools is proposed.It addresses the issue that traditional VSM requires intensive on-site investigation and replies on experience,which hinders decisionmaking efficiency in dynamic and complex environments.The proposed framework follows the data-information-knowledge hierarchy model,and demonstrates how data can be collected in a production workshop,processed into information,and then interpreted into knowledge.In this paper,the necessity and limitations of VSM in automated root cause analysis are first discussed,with a literature review on lean production tools,especially VSM and VSM-based decision making in Industry 4.0.An implementation case of a furniture manufacturer in China is presented,where decision tree algorithm was used for automated root cause analysis.The results indicate that automated VSM can make good use of production data to cater for multi-varieties and small batch production with timely on-site waste identification and analysis.The proposed framework is also suggested as a guideline to renew other lean tools for reliable and efficient decision-making.展开更多
Objective： The aims of this study were to investigate the status quo of self-management behaviors in stroke patients at the recovery stage and to explore its influencing factors.Methods： A total of 440 hospitaliz...Objective： The aims of this study were to investigate the status quo of self-management behaviors in stroke patients at the recovery stage and to explore its influencing factors.Methods： A total of 440 hospitalized convalescent stroke patients were recruited and investigated using the Basic Situation Questionnaire, Self-management Behavior Scale of Stroke, Stroke Prevention Knowledge Questionnaire and Social Support Rating Scale.Results： The mean self-management behavior score was （151.95±23.58）, and dimensions in descending order were as follows： dietary management, drug safety management, social function and interpersonal relationships, life management, emotion management, rehabilitation exercise management and disease management. Five regional self-management behavior scores were statistically significant, and the scores from Minnan and Minzhong of the Fujian province, China, were higher than the others. Gender, age, family income and self-management behavior were significantly correlated （P〈0.05）; educational level, stroke knowledge level, social support level and self-management behavior were positively correlated, and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.01）. Conclusions： The overall self-management level of convalescent stroke patients should be improved to strengthen health education; focus on the educational level, which is relatively low; strengthen the social support system of patients; stimulate the enthusiasm and initiative of self-management disease patients to promote disease rehabilitation and improve the quality of life.展开更多
An automotive body is composed of compliant sheet metal parts.Fast and exactly diagnosing variation sources is very important when assembly variations happen.This paper proposes a diagnosis method of multi fixture var...An automotive body is composed of compliant sheet metal parts.Fast and exactly diagnosing variation sources is very important when assembly variations happen.This paper proposes a diagnosis method of multi fixture variations based on the variation model of compliant sheet metal assembly.The assembly variation model is obtained by using the method of influence coefficients(MIC) and considering the manufacturing variations of compliant parts and multi fixture variations.The measurement point variations induced by part manufacturing variations are firstly removed from the measurement data.The variation patterns of multi fixture variations are constructed by column vectors of fixture variation sensitivity matrix.This method is proved to be feasible for exactly diagnosing the fixture variations and has higher diagnosis efficiency than designated component analysis(DCA).展开更多
Background:This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictive factors of prolonged grief disorder(PGD)among those bereaved by the Wenchuan earthquake in Southwestern China seven years after the event.Methods:...Background:This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictive factors of prolonged grief disorder(PGD)among those bereaved by the Wenchuan earthquake in Southwestern China seven years after the event.Methods:A cross-sectional survey based on census tracts was conducted on the bereaved earthquake survivors.Responses to the questionnaire regarding PGD and its potential associated factors were obtained either through face-to-face or telephone interview.PGD was screened by a validated Chinese version of the PGD questionnaire-13(PG-13).Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of PGD.Results:A total of 1464 bereaved earthquake survivors,with a response rate of 97.6%,were included in the study.Of the 1464 respondents studied,124(8.47%)were diagnosed with PGD.Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that PGD in the bereaved earthquake individuals was significantly associated with several factors,including age,economic burden,close kinship with the deceased,and living with the deceased before the loss.Wenchuan earthquake bereaved aged 41e60 years were more likely to develop PGD compared to those aged younger than 40 or older than 60(OR=2.075,95%CI=1.297e3.319).Those who had a close kinship with the deceased had a higher tendency to develop PGD(OR=5.144,95%CI=2.716e9.740).The odds of PGD among the earthquake bereaved with economic burdens were higher relative to those who did not experience an economic burden(OR=8.123,95%CI=2.657e24.831).Those who living with the deceased before loss also had a higher tendency to develop PGD(OR=0.179,95%CI=0.053e0.602).Conclusions:This study revealed that a significantly high proportion(8.47%)of the Wenchuan earthquake-bereaved remain grieving seven years after the event.Those diagnosed with PGD should receive appropriate interventions from clinical psychologists.The risk factors identified in this study are crucial for the early screening and prevention of PGD in future nursing and psycho-clinical practices.展开更多
Objective:To study the post-traumatic growth level and influencing factors in patients with maintenance hemodialysis.Methods:A total of 179 patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis from a third-level grade A hospit...Objective:To study the post-traumatic growth level and influencing factors in patients with maintenance hemodialysis.Methods:A total of 179 patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis from a third-level grade A hospital in Tianjin,China were investigated using Post-traumatic Growth Inventory(PTGI),Perceived Social Support Scale,and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire.Results:The total score for the PTGI was 53.73±16.45.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that social support,coping style,marital status,and family income significantly influenced the post-traumatic growth level in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.These factors explained 41.4%of the variance.Conclusion:Medical staff should help patients under maintenance hemodialysis to fulfill their potentials by boosting the level of social support and to effectively cope with internal conflicts.In addition,nursing staff should provide relevant psychological health education to patients to improve their post-traumatic growth.展开更多
文摘Americans have always been proud of their democratic system. Since the end of World War Ⅱ, the United States has even used its democratic system as a template to “democratize” some other countries. However, in recent years, the domestic democratic chaos in the United States has intensified, causing widespread doubts about the American political system and its democratic model.
文摘In the production industry, safety is the focus object, especially in the metallurgical industry where safety accidents are more frequent. Enterprises develop steadily in the market, safety is the unshakable foundation, but also the production cornerstone to ensure industry competition. In the field of metallurgy, the production process is extremely complex, which is easy to cause explosion and burning accidents in the production process. At the same time, in the current mechanical automatic production, it is also easy to produce mechanical safety accidents. The reason is mainly caused by improper safety management. Therefore, this paper focuses on the analysis of frequent metallurgical safety production accidents, and constantly with the management concept of safety production, targeted research strategies to reduce safety accidents, and then provide reference for safe production in the metallurgical industry.
基金support from the following foundations:the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62322309,62433004)Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(23S41900500)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research(22TQ1400100-16).
文摘Accurate fault root cause diagnosis is essential for ensuring stable industrial production. Traditional methods, which typically rely on the entire time series and overlook critical local features, can lead to biased inferences about causal relationships, thus hindering the accurate identification of root cause variables. This study proposed a shapelet-based state evolution graph for fault root cause diagnosis (SEG-RCD), which enables causal inference through the analysis of the important local features. First, the regularized autoencoder and fault contribution plot are used to identify the fault onset time and candidate root cause variables, respectively. Then, the most representative shapelets were extracted to construct a state evolution graph. Finally, the propagation path was extracted based on fault unit shapelets to pinpoint the fault root cause variable. The SEG-RCD can reduce the interference of noncausal information, enhancing the accuracy and interpretability of fault root cause diagnosis. The superiority of the proposed SEG-RCD was verified through experiments on a simulated penicillin fermentation process and an actual one.
基金Supported by Youth Funding of Sichuan Academy of Soclal Scienccs in 2003(YFSASS03-13)
文摘There are 36 counties affirmed to be aid-poverty-development county in the early 21st century, which distribute around the circumferential mountain of Sichuan Basin, According to the topographic features and the distribution of nationality, these aid-poverty-development counties can be classified into 4 depressed-regions. Study shows that regional poverty performance of 4 depressed-regions not only has many commons in the field of regional economic structure and industry structure, which is far behind the average development performance of Sichuan in the field of economic sum per capita such as GDP, farmer net income per capita as well as retail scale consumer goods, it is also quite different related to infrastructure and social development within 4 depressed-regions. Regional Poverty is chronically resulted in interaction of the multi-factors. Natural condition constraint is the basic factor contributed to regional poverty, policy influences play key role, the poor culture is inherent factor to regional poverty and the marginal locations play important role.
文摘Desertification and dust storms and their impact on the Chinese economy and the environment were examined. A context was established using the best information available on the trends of desertification and dust storms in China. Building on the context, the second section the root causes of desertification and dust storms were examined. Several myths were sought to be identified about some core issues surrounding desertification and dust storms. China’s National Action Plan to combat desertification was reviewed and the effectiveness of existing strategies and programs for mitigating the adverse effects of desertification and dust storms were discussed. The future research needed was pointed out.
文摘Root-cause identification plays a vital role in business decision making by providing effective future directions for the organizations.Aspect extraction and sentiment extraction plays a vital role in identifying the rootcauses.This paper proposes the Ensemble based temporal weighting and pareto ranking(ETP)model for Root-cause identification.Aspect extraction is performed based on rules and is followed by opinion identification using the proposed boosted ensemble model.The obtained aspects are validated and ranked using the proposed aspect weighing scheme.Pareto-rule based aspect selection is performed as the final selection mechanism and the results are presented for business decision making.Experiments were performed with the standard five product benchmark dataset.Performances on all five product reviews indicate the effective performance of the proposed model.Comparisons are performed using three standard state-of-the-art models and effectiveness is measured in terms of F-Measure and Detection rates.The results indicate improved performances exhibited by the proposed model with an increase in F-Measure levels at 1%–15%and detection rates at 4%–24%compared to the state-of-the-art models.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61903345 and 61973287)。
文摘Modern industrial systems are usually in large scale,consisting of massive components and variables that form a complex system topology.Owing to the interconnections among devices,a fault may occur and propagate to exert widespread influences and lead to a variety of alarms.Obtaining the root causes of alarms is beneficial to the decision supports in making corrective alarm responses.Existing data-driven methods for alarm root cause analysis detect causal relations among alarms mainly based on historical alarm event data.To improve the accuracy,this paper proposes a causal fusion inference method for industrial alarm root cause analysis based on process topology and alarm events.A Granger causality inference method considering process topology is exploited to find out the causal relations among alarms.The topological nodes are used as the inputs of the model,and the alarm causal adjacency matrix between alarm variables is obtained by calculating the likelihood of the topological Hawkes process.The root cause is then obtained from the directed acyclic graph(DAG)among alarm variables.The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulations based on both a numerical example and the Tennessee Eastman process(TEP)model.
基金supported by ZTE Industry-University-Institute Cooperation Funds under Grant No.HC-CN-20201120009。
文摘A distributed information network with complex network structure always has a challenge of locating fault root causes.In this paper,we propose a novel root cause analysis(RCA)method by random walk on the weighted fault propagation graph.Different from other RCA methods,it mines effective features information related to root causes from offline alarms.Combined with the information,online alarms and graph relationship of network structure are used to construct a weighted graph.Thus,this approach does not require operational experience and can be widely applied in different distributed networks.The proposed method can be used in multiple fault location cases.The experiment results show the proposed approach achieves much better performance with 6%higher precision at least for root fault location,compared with three baseline methods.Besides,we explain how the optimal parameter’s value in the random walk algorithm influences RCA results.
文摘The paper discusses the framework for a risk-informed root cause analysis process.Such process enables scaling of the analysis performed based on the risk associated with the undesired event or condition,thereby creating tiers of analysis where the greater the risk,the more sophisticated the analysis.In a risk-informed root cause analysis process,a situation is normally not analyzed at a level less than what actually occurred.However,a situation may be investigated as though the consequence were greater than actually happened,especially if only slight differences in circumstances could result in a significantly higher consequence.While operational events or safety issues are normally expected to result only with negligible or marginal actual consequences,many of those would actually have certain potential to develop or propagate into catastrophic events.This potential can be expressed qualitatively or quantitatively.Risk-informing of root cause analysis relies on mapping the event or safety issue into a risk matrix which,traditionally,is a two-dimensional probability-consequence matrix.A new concept employed in the risk matrix for root cause analysis is that,while the probability reflects the observed or expected range of values(retaining,thus,its“traditional”meaning),the consequence reflects not only the observed or materialized impact(such as failure of equipment)but,also,its potential to propagate or develop into highly undesirable final state.The paper presents main elements of risk-informed root cause analysis process and discusses qualitative and quantitative aspects and approaches to determination of risk significance of operational events or safety issues.
文摘Based on the translated version of“The Root Cause of Poverty”by Rutger Bregman on the Ted speech online platform,this research analyzes the application of direct borrowing,imitative translation and creative translation in English-Chinese translation.First,we believe the direct borrowing of a ready-made version is most ideal as it reveals the common ground both languages share when translating a source text.Next,it is preferable to imitate an already existing expression as similarity is reader-friendly.However,it is sometimes necessary to adopt creative translation to preserve differences to ensure that the meaning of the original language is accurately transmitted.
文摘This paper is mainly written to explore how cultural differences and clashes between America and China give rise to mother-daughter discords and conflicts. The paper was conducted based on the definition of culture in order to make clear of cultural conflicts. It is written to analyze the two groups of women immigrants unavoidably encountering the clash between their ancestral culture—Chinese culture and the dominant culture--American culture. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates that the mothers' Chinese roots are the root cause of misunderstandings and conflicts between their American-born daughters and themselves.Besides, the writer analyzes that different standpoints towards education value between mothers and American- born daughters cause their misunderstanding and conflicts. The conclusion is that the diversities between Chinese culture and American culture are the root cause for the mother-daughter discords and conflicts.
文摘Objective: To investigate the suitable time of treating virulent and side effects of chemotherapy for malignant tumor by acupoint injection of Astragalus Root injection. Methods: Sixty three patients with malignant tumor were divided into three groups: prevention treatment (PT) group (n=23 cases),post chemotherapy treatment (PCT) group( n=22 cases), Western medicine (WM) group ( n=18 cases). The patients in PT, PCT and WM groups were treated respectively from the fifth day on before chemotherapy and from the first day on after chemotherapy, 18 days in all. The patients in WM group were administered Batilol and Leucogen from the first day on after chemotherapy. Changes of leukocytes and immunoglobulin before and after treatment were observed. Results: 1) Acupoint injection of Astragalus Root injectio could increase the number of leukocytes and immunoglobulin content and its effect was better than that of Western medicine (P<0.05); 2) The effect of PT group was better than that of PCT group in preventing and treating virulent and side effects of chemotherapy (P<0.05). Conclusion: It should be stressed on prevention of malignant tumor by using acupoint injection of Astragalus Root for relieving virulent and side effects of chemotherapy.
基金This study was supported by the Jiangsu Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission(WSGL201605)
文摘Background:Nurses'turnover has been a major concern globally,which is strongly influenced by nurses'intent to leave.However,only a few large sample studies on the predictive factors associated with nurses'turnover intention were conducted in Jiangsu Province.This study mainly aims to examine the level and factors that influence nurses to leave their work in Jiangsu Province of Eastern China.Methods:A cross-sectional survey of 1978 nurses was conducted at 48 hospitals in 14 key cities throughout Jiangsu Province.The turnover intention in nurses was measured by the scale of intent to leave the profession.The work environment of nurses was measured by the Chinese version of the Practice Environment Scale.A multiple linear regression model was applied to analyse the factors associated with turnover intention.Results:The resignation rate of nurses in the hospitals of Jiangsu Province ranged from 0.64%to 12.71%in 2016.The mean scores were 15.50±3.44 for turnover intention,and 3.06±0.51 for work environment.Involvement in hospital affairs,resource adequacy,age,professional title,year(s)working,employment type and education level were the predictors of nurse intent to leave(P<0.05).Conclusion:The work environment of nurses in hospitals must be improved in staffing and resource and nurses'involvement in hospital affairs.The current study corroborates that nurses have high turnover intention.Thus,effective measures are needed to improve nurse accomplishment,professional status,participation in hospital affairs and career planning to reduce their turnover intention.
基金supported jointly by the National Key Project for Basic Research on Tibetan Plateau(G1998040800)Promotion Plan of the Ministry of Education and President Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Dry valleys are a striking geographic landscape in Hengduan Mountains Region and are characterized by low rainfall, desert type of vegetation and fragile environment. Past efforts and resources have been concentrated mainly on rehabilitation of degraded ecosystem and fragile environment, particularly reforestation, while socio-economic development has been largely overlooked. Despite successes in pocket areas, the overall trend of unsustainability and environmental deterioration are continuing. It is important to understand that uplift of the Tibetan Plateau is the root cause of development of dry valleys, and development and formation of dry valleys is a natural process. Human intervention has played a secondary role in development of dry valleys and degradation of dry valleys though human intervention in many cases has speeded up environmental degradation of the dry valleys. It is important to understand that dry valleys are climatic enclaves and an integrated approach that combines rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems and socio-economic development should be adopted if the overall goal of sustainable development of dry valleys is to be achieved. Promotion of niche-based cash crops, rural energy including hydropower, solar energy, biogas and fuelwood plantation is recommended as the priority activities.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.72071179 and 51805479)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LY19E050019)the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China(No.Z135060009002)。
文摘For efficient use of value stream mapping(VSM)for multi-varieties and small batch production in a data-rich environment enabled by Industry 4.0 technologies,a systematic framework of VSM to rejuvenate traditional lean tools is proposed.It addresses the issue that traditional VSM requires intensive on-site investigation and replies on experience,which hinders decisionmaking efficiency in dynamic and complex environments.The proposed framework follows the data-information-knowledge hierarchy model,and demonstrates how data can be collected in a production workshop,processed into information,and then interpreted into knowledge.In this paper,the necessity and limitations of VSM in automated root cause analysis are first discussed,with a literature review on lean production tools,especially VSM and VSM-based decision making in Industry 4.0.An implementation case of a furniture manufacturer in China is presented,where decision tree algorithm was used for automated root cause analysis.The results indicate that automated VSM can make good use of production data to cater for multi-varieties and small batch production with timely on-site waste identification and analysis.The proposed framework is also suggested as a guideline to renew other lean tools for reliable and efficient decision-making.
基金supported by 2016 Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Department of the Pilot Project(No.2016Y0047)
文摘Objective： The aims of this study were to investigate the status quo of self-management behaviors in stroke patients at the recovery stage and to explore its influencing factors.Methods： A total of 440 hospitalized convalescent stroke patients were recruited and investigated using the Basic Situation Questionnaire, Self-management Behavior Scale of Stroke, Stroke Prevention Knowledge Questionnaire and Social Support Rating Scale.Results： The mean self-management behavior score was （151.95±23.58）, and dimensions in descending order were as follows： dietary management, drug safety management, social function and interpersonal relationships, life management, emotion management, rehabilitation exercise management and disease management. Five regional self-management behavior scores were statistically significant, and the scores from Minnan and Minzhong of the Fujian province, China, were higher than the others. Gender, age, family income and self-management behavior were significantly correlated （P〈0.05）; educational level, stroke knowledge level, social support level and self-management behavior were positively correlated, and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.01）. Conclusions： The overall self-management level of convalescent stroke patients should be improved to strengthen health education; focus on the educational level, which is relatively low; strengthen the social support system of patients; stimulate the enthusiasm and initiative of self-management disease patients to promote disease rehabilitation and improve the quality of life.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50705056)the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863) of China (No.2006AA04Z148)
文摘An automotive body is composed of compliant sheet metal parts.Fast and exactly diagnosing variation sources is very important when assembly variations happen.This paper proposes a diagnosis method of multi fixture variations based on the variation model of compliant sheet metal assembly.The assembly variation model is obtained by using the method of influence coefficients(MIC) and considering the manufacturing variations of compliant parts and multi fixture variations.The measurement point variations induced by part manufacturing variations are firstly removed from the measurement data.The variation patterns of multi fixture variations are constructed by column vectors of fixture variation sensitivity matrix.This method is proved to be feasible for exactly diagnosing the fixture variations and has higher diagnosis efficiency than designated component analysis(DCA).
基金This work was supported by funding from the Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Grant no:RWQN1410).
文摘Background:This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictive factors of prolonged grief disorder(PGD)among those bereaved by the Wenchuan earthquake in Southwestern China seven years after the event.Methods:A cross-sectional survey based on census tracts was conducted on the bereaved earthquake survivors.Responses to the questionnaire regarding PGD and its potential associated factors were obtained either through face-to-face or telephone interview.PGD was screened by a validated Chinese version of the PGD questionnaire-13(PG-13).Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of PGD.Results:A total of 1464 bereaved earthquake survivors,with a response rate of 97.6%,were included in the study.Of the 1464 respondents studied,124(8.47%)were diagnosed with PGD.Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that PGD in the bereaved earthquake individuals was significantly associated with several factors,including age,economic burden,close kinship with the deceased,and living with the deceased before the loss.Wenchuan earthquake bereaved aged 41e60 years were more likely to develop PGD compared to those aged younger than 40 or older than 60(OR=2.075,95%CI=1.297e3.319).Those who had a close kinship with the deceased had a higher tendency to develop PGD(OR=5.144,95%CI=2.716e9.740).The odds of PGD among the earthquake bereaved with economic burdens were higher relative to those who did not experience an economic burden(OR=8.123,95%CI=2.657e24.831).Those who living with the deceased before loss also had a higher tendency to develop PGD(OR=0.179,95%CI=0.053e0.602).Conclusions:This study revealed that a significantly high proportion(8.47%)of the Wenchuan earthquake-bereaved remain grieving seven years after the event.Those diagnosed with PGD should receive appropriate interventions from clinical psychologists.The risk factors identified in this study are crucial for the early screening and prevention of PGD in future nursing and psycho-clinical practices.
文摘Objective:To study the post-traumatic growth level and influencing factors in patients with maintenance hemodialysis.Methods:A total of 179 patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis from a third-level grade A hospital in Tianjin,China were investigated using Post-traumatic Growth Inventory(PTGI),Perceived Social Support Scale,and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire.Results:The total score for the PTGI was 53.73±16.45.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that social support,coping style,marital status,and family income significantly influenced the post-traumatic growth level in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.These factors explained 41.4%of the variance.Conclusion:Medical staff should help patients under maintenance hemodialysis to fulfill their potentials by boosting the level of social support and to effectively cope with internal conflicts.In addition,nursing staff should provide relevant psychological health education to patients to improve their post-traumatic growth.
