The research of coupling WRF （Weather Research and Forecasting Model） with a land surface model is enhanced to explore the interaction of the atmosphere and land surface; however, regional applicability of WRF model...The research of coupling WRF （Weather Research and Forecasting Model） with a land surface model is enhanced to explore the interaction of the atmosphere and land surface; however, regional applicability of WRF model is questioned. In order to do the validation of WRF model on simulating forcing data for the Heihe River Basin, daily meteorological observation data from 15 stations of CMA （China Meteorological Administration） and hourly meteorological observation data from seven sites of WATER （Watershed Airborne Telemetry Experimental Research） are used to compare with WRF simulations, with a time range of a whole year for 2008. Results show that the average MBE （Mean Bias Error） of daily 2-m surface temperature, surface pressure, 2-m relative humidity and 10-m wind speed were -0.19 ℃, -4.49 hPa, 4.08% and 0.92 m/s, the average RMSE （Root Mean Square Error） of them were 2.11 ℃, 5.37 hPa, 9.55% and 1.73 m/s, and the average R （correlation coefficient） of them were 0.99, 0.98, 0.80 and 0.55, respectively. The average MBE of hourly 2-m surface temperature, surface pressure, 2-m relative humidity, 10-m wind speed, downward shortwave radiation and downward longwave were-0.16 ℃,-6.62 hPa,-5.14%, 0.26 m/s, 33.0 W/m^2 and-6.44 W/m^2, the average RMSE of them were 2.62 ℃, 17.10 hPa, 20.71%, 2.46 m/s, 152.9 W/m^2 and 53.5 W/m^2, and the average R of them were 0.96, 0.97, 0.70, 0.26, 0.91 and 0.60, respectively. Thus, the following conclusions were obtained： （1） regardless of daily or hourly validation, WRF model simulations of 2-m surface temperature, surface pressure and relative humidity are more reliable, especially for 2-m surface air temperature and surface pressure, the values of MBE were small and R were more than 0.96; （2） the WRF simulating downward shortwave radiation was relatively good, the average R between WRF simulation and hourly observation data was above 0.9, and the average R of downward longwave radiation was 0.6; （3） both wind speed and rainfall simulated from WRF model did not agree well with observation data.展开更多
曹娥江大闸口门船闸所在工程河段水文泥沙条件复杂,是兼具强涌潮、高含沙量、河床冲淤剧烈等特点的游荡型河段。针对高含沙量可能带来的闸下强淤积问题,通过曹娥江大闸闸下河床地形实测资料分析、冲淤现场试验、泥沙淤积计算等,总结河...曹娥江大闸口门船闸所在工程河段水文泥沙条件复杂,是兼具强涌潮、高含沙量、河床冲淤剧烈等特点的游荡型河段。针对高含沙量可能带来的闸下强淤积问题,通过曹娥江大闸闸下河床地形实测资料分析、冲淤现场试验、泥沙淤积计算等,总结河床冲淤规律,研究曹娥江大闸口门船闸水域河床稳定性等关键问题。根据现场冲淤试验分析,曹娥江大闸闸下115~200 m范围内在大潮淤积初期淤积速率为20.8~21.8 cm d,采用淤积经验公式计算得到口门船闸闸下淤积幅度可达17 cm d。对于闸下强淤积问题,提出蓄水冲沙池作为冲淤减淤方案,估算得到在蓄水冲沙池月均泄水量为813万m^(3)的情况下可使引航道河床维持约-1.7 m高程,为今后类似船闸的防淤减淤设计及科研提供参考。展开更多
基金supported by grant from the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863) of China (Grant No.2009AA122104)grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40901202, No.40925004)+1 种基金supported by the CAS Action Plan for West Development Program (Grant No.KZCX2-XB2-09)Chinese State Key Basic Research Project (Grant No.2007CB714400)
文摘The research of coupling WRF （Weather Research and Forecasting Model） with a land surface model is enhanced to explore the interaction of the atmosphere and land surface; however, regional applicability of WRF model is questioned. In order to do the validation of WRF model on simulating forcing data for the Heihe River Basin, daily meteorological observation data from 15 stations of CMA （China Meteorological Administration） and hourly meteorological observation data from seven sites of WATER （Watershed Airborne Telemetry Experimental Research） are used to compare with WRF simulations, with a time range of a whole year for 2008. Results show that the average MBE （Mean Bias Error） of daily 2-m surface temperature, surface pressure, 2-m relative humidity and 10-m wind speed were -0.19 ℃, -4.49 hPa, 4.08% and 0.92 m/s, the average RMSE （Root Mean Square Error） of them were 2.11 ℃, 5.37 hPa, 9.55% and 1.73 m/s, and the average R （correlation coefficient） of them were 0.99, 0.98, 0.80 and 0.55, respectively. The average MBE of hourly 2-m surface temperature, surface pressure, 2-m relative humidity, 10-m wind speed, downward shortwave radiation and downward longwave were-0.16 ℃,-6.62 hPa,-5.14%, 0.26 m/s, 33.0 W/m^2 and-6.44 W/m^2, the average RMSE of them were 2.62 ℃, 17.10 hPa, 20.71%, 2.46 m/s, 152.9 W/m^2 and 53.5 W/m^2, and the average R of them were 0.96, 0.97, 0.70, 0.26, 0.91 and 0.60, respectively. Thus, the following conclusions were obtained： （1） regardless of daily or hourly validation, WRF model simulations of 2-m surface temperature, surface pressure and relative humidity are more reliable, especially for 2-m surface air temperature and surface pressure, the values of MBE were small and R were more than 0.96; （2） the WRF simulating downward shortwave radiation was relatively good, the average R between WRF simulation and hourly observation data was above 0.9, and the average R of downward longwave radiation was 0.6; （3） both wind speed and rainfall simulated from WRF model did not agree well with observation data.
文摘曹娥江大闸口门船闸所在工程河段水文泥沙条件复杂,是兼具强涌潮、高含沙量、河床冲淤剧烈等特点的游荡型河段。针对高含沙量可能带来的闸下强淤积问题,通过曹娥江大闸闸下河床地形实测资料分析、冲淤现场试验、泥沙淤积计算等,总结河床冲淤规律,研究曹娥江大闸口门船闸水域河床稳定性等关键问题。根据现场冲淤试验分析,曹娥江大闸闸下115~200 m范围内在大潮淤积初期淤积速率为20.8~21.8 cm d,采用淤积经验公式计算得到口门船闸闸下淤积幅度可达17 cm d。对于闸下强淤积问题,提出蓄水冲沙池作为冲淤减淤方案,估算得到在蓄水冲沙池月均泄水量为813万m^(3)的情况下可使引航道河床维持约-1.7 m高程,为今后类似船闸的防淤减淤设计及科研提供参考。
